Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2014
OR |
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the Transition Period from to |
Commission File Number |
| Registrant, State of Incorporation, Address and Telephone Number |
| I.R.S. Employer Identification No. |
1-3526 |
| The Southern Company |
| 58-0690070 |
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| (A Delaware Corporation) |
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| 30 Ivan Allen Jr. Boulevard, N.W. |
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| Atlanta, Georgia 30308 |
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| (404) 506-5000 |
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1-3164 |
| Alabama Power Company |
| 63-0004250 |
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| (An Alabama Corporation) |
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| 600 North 18th Street |
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| Birmingham, Alabama 35291 |
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| (205) 257-1000 |
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1-6468 |
| Georgia Power Company |
| 58-0257110 |
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| (A Georgia Corporation) |
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| 241 Ralph McGill Boulevard, N.E. |
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| Atlanta, Georgia 30308 |
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| (404) 506-6526 |
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001-31737 |
| Gulf Power Company |
| 59-0276810 |
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| (A Florida Corporation) |
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| One Energy Place |
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| Pensacola, Florida 32520 |
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| (850) 444-6111 |
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001-11229 |
| Mississippi Power Company |
| 64-0205820 |
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| (A Mississippi Corporation) |
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| 2992 West Beach Boulevard |
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| Gulfport, Mississippi 39501 |
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| (228) 864-1211 |
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333-98553 |
| Southern Power Company |
| 58-2598670 |
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| (A Delaware Corporation) |
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| 30 Ivan Allen Jr. Boulevard, N.W. |
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| Atlanta, Georgia 30308 |
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| (404) 506-5000 |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 1
Each of the following classes or series of securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Title of each class |
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Common Stock, $5 par value |
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| The Southern Company |
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Class A preferred, cumulative, $25 stated capital |
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| Alabama Power Company |
5.20% Series 5.83% Series |
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5.30% Series |
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Class A Preferred Stock, non-cumulative, Par value $25 per share |
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| Georgia Power Company |
6 1/8% Series |
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Senior Notes |
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| Gulf Power Company |
5.75% Series 2011A |
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| Mississippi Power Company |
Depositary preferred shares, each representing one-fourth of a share of preferred stock, cumulative, $100 par value |
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5.25% Series |
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| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 1 |
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Title of each class |
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Preferred stock, cumulative, $100 par value |
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| Alabama Power Company |
4.20% Series 4.60% Series |
| 4.72% Series |
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4.52% Series 4.64% Series |
| 4.92% Series |
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Preferred stock, cumulative, $100 par value |
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| Mississippi Power Company |
4.40% Series 4.60% Series |
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4.72% Series |
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1 | As of December 31, 2014. |
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Registrant | Yes | No |
The Southern Company | X |
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Alabama Power Company | X |
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Georgia Power Company | X |
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Gulf Power Company |
| X |
Mississippi Power Company |
| X |
Southern Power Company |
| X |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x (Response applicable to all registrants.)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants' knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Registrant | Large Accelerated Filer | Accelerated Filer | Non-accelerated Filer | Smaller Reporting Company |
The Southern Company | X |
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Alabama Power Company |
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Georgia Power Company |
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Gulf Power Company |
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Mississippi Power Company |
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Southern Power Company |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x (Response applicable to all registrants.)
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Aggregate market value of The Southern Company's common stock held by non-affiliates of The Southern Company at June 30, 2014: $40.7 billion. All of the common stock of the other registrants is held by The Southern Company. A description of each registrant's common stock follows:
Registrant |
| Description of Common Stock |
| Shares Outstanding at January 31, 2015 | |
The Southern Company |
| Par Value $5 Per Share |
| 909,877,898 | |
Alabama Power Company |
| Par Value $40 Per Share |
| 30,537,500 | |
Georgia Power Company |
| Without Par Value |
| 9,261,500 | |
Gulf Power Company |
| Without Par Value |
| 5,642,717 | |
Mississippi Power Company |
| Without Par Value |
| 1,121,000 | |
Southern Power Company |
| Par Value $0.01 Per Share |
| 1,000 | |
Documents incorporated by reference: specified portions of The Southern Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into PART III. In addition, specified portions of the Definitive Information Statements on Schedule 14C of Alabama Power Company, Georgia Power Company, and Mississippi Power Company relating to each of their respective 2015 Annual Meetings of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into PART III.
Southern Power Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this Form 10-K with the reduced disclosure format specified in General Instructions I(2)(b), (c), and (d) of Form 10-K.
This combined Form 10-K is separately filed by The Southern Company, Alabama Power Company, Georgia Power Company, Gulf Power Company, Mississippi Power Company, and Southern Power Company. Information contained herein relating to any individual company is filed by such company on its own behalf. Each company makes no representation as to information relating to the other companies.
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Table of Contents
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| PART I |
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Item 1 | Business | I-1 |
| The Southern Company System | I-2 |
| Construction Programs | I-6 |
| Financing Programs | I-7 |
| Fuel Supply | I-7 |
| Territory Served by the Traditional Operating Companies and Southern Power | I-8 |
| Competition | I-10 |
| Seasonality | I-11 |
| Regulation | I-11 |
| Rate Matters | I-13 |
| Employee Relations | I-16 |
Item 1A | Risk Factors | I-17 |
Item 1B | Unresolved Staff Comments | I-32 |
Item 2 | Properties | I-33 |
Item 3 | Legal Proceedings | I-40 |
Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | I-40 |
| Executive Officers of Southern Company | I-41 |
| Executive Officers of Alabama Power | I-43 |
| Executive Officers of Georgia Power | I-44 |
| Executive Officers of Mississippi Power | I-45 |
| PART II |
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Item 5 | Market for Registrants' Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | II-1 |
Item 6 | Selected Financial Data | II-2 |
Item 7 | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | II-2 |
Item 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | II-3 |
Item 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | II-4 |
Item 9 | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | II-6 |
Item 9A | Controls and Procedures | II-6 |
Item 9B | Other Information | II-6 |
| PART III |
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Item 10 | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | III-1 |
Item 11 | Executive Compensation | III-4 |
Item 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | III-41 |
Item 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | III-42 |
Item 14 | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | III-43 |
| PART IV |
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Item 15 | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | IV-1 |
| Signatures | IV-2 |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
DEFINITIONS
Term | Meaning |
Alabama Power | Alabama Power Company |
Baseload Act | State of Mississippi legislation designed to enhance the Mississippi PSC's authority to facilitate development and construction of baseload generation in the State of Mississippi |
Clean Air Act | Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 |
CCR | Coal combustion residuals |
CO 2 | Carbon dioxide |
Code | Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
CPCN | Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity |
CWIP | Construction Work in Progress |
Dalton | City of Dalton, Georgia, acting by and through its Board of Water, Light, and Sinking Fund Commissioners |
DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
Duke Energy Florida | Duke Energy Florida, Inc. |
EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
EMC | Electric membership corporation |
FERC | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
FMPA | Florida Municipal Power Agency |
Georgia Power | Georgia Power Company |
Gulf Power | Gulf Power Company |
IBEW | International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers |
IGCC | Integrated coal gasification combined cycle |
IIC | Intercompany Interchange Contract |
IPP | Independent Power Producer |
IRP | Integrated Resource Plan |
ITC | Investment tax credit |
Kemper IGCC | IGCC facility under construction in Kemper County, Mississippi |
KUA | Kissimmee Utility Authority |
KW | Kilowatt |
KWH | Kilowatt-hour |
MATS rule | Mercury and Air Toxics Standards rule |
MEAG Power | Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia |
Mississippi Power | Mississippi Power Company |
MW | Megawatt |
NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
NYSE | New York Stock Exchange |
OPC | Oglethorpe Power Corporation |
OUC | Orlando Utilities Commission |
Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 | Two new nuclear generating units under construction at Plant Vogtle |
power pool | The operating arrangement whereby the integrated generating resources of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company are subject to joint commitment and dispatch in order to serve their combined load obligations |
PowerSouth | PowerSouth Energy Cooperative |
PPA | Power Purchase Agreement |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
DEFINITIONS
(continued)
Term | Meaning |
PSC | Public Service Commission |
registrants | Southern Company, Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, Mississippi Power, and Southern Power Company |
RUS | Rural Utilities Service |
SCS | Southern Company Services, Inc. (the Southern Company system service company) |
SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission |
SEGCO | Southern Electric Generating Company |
SEPA | Southeastern Power Administration |
SERC | Southeastern Electric Reliability Council |
SMEPA | South Mississippi Electric Power Association |
Southern Company | The Southern Company |
Southern Company system | Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, SEGCO, Southern Nuclear, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, and other subsidiaries |
Southern Holdings | Southern Company Holdings, Inc. |
SouthernLINC Wireless | Southern Communications Services, Inc. |
Southern Nuclear | Southern Nuclear Operating Company, Inc. |
Southern Power | Southern Power Company and its subsidiaries |
TIPA | Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 |
traditional operating companies | Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power |
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements concerning retail rates, the strategic goals for the wholesale business, economic recovery, fuel and environmental cost recovery and other rate actions, current and proposed environmental regulations and related compliance plans and estimated expenditures, access to sources of capital, projections for the qualified pension plan , postretirement benefit plan , and nuclear decommissioning trust fund contributions, financing activities, completion dates of acquisitions and construction projects, filings with state and federal regulatory authorities, impact of the TIPA, estimated sales and purchases under power sale and purchase agreements, and estimated construction and other plans and expenditures. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "could," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "projects," "predicts," "potential," or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar terminology. There are various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements; accordingly, there can be no assurance that such indicated results will be realized. These factors include:
• | the impact of recent and future federal and state regulatory changes, including legislative and regulatory initiatives regarding deregulation and restructuring of the electric utility industry, environmental laws including regulation of water , coal combustion residuals, and emissions of sulfur, nitrogen, CO 2 , soot, particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants, including mercury, and other substances, and also changes in tax and other laws and regulations to which Southern Company and its subsidiaries are subject, as well as changes in application of existing laws and regulations; |
• | current and future litigation, regulatory investigations, proceedings, or inquiries, including pending EPA civil actions against certain Southern Company subsidiaries, FERC matters, and Internal Revenue Service and state tax audits; |
• | the effects, extent, and timing of the entry of additional competition in the markets in which Southern Company's subsidiaries operate; |
• | variations in demand for electricity, including those relating to weather, the general economy and recovery from the last recession, population and business growth (and declines), the effects of energy conservation and efficiency measures, including from the development and deployment of alternative energy sources such as self-generation and distributed generation technologies, and any potential economic impacts resulting from federal fiscal decisions; |
• | available sources and costs of fuels; |
• | effects of inflation; |
• | the ability to control costs and avoid cost overruns during the development and construction of facilities, which include the development and construction of generating facilities with designs that have not been finalized or previously constructed, including changes in labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by any PSC); |
• | the ability to construct facilities in accordance with the requirements of permits and licenses, to satisfy any operational and environmental performance standards , including any PSC requirements and the requirements of tax credits and other incentives , and to integrate facilities into the Southern Company system upon completion of construction; |
• | investment performance of Southern Company's employee and retiree benefit plans and the Southern Company system's nuclear decommissioning trust funds; |
• | advances in technology; |
• | state and federal rate regulations and the impact of pending and future rate cases and negotiations, including rate actions relating to fuel and other cost recovery mechanisms; |
• | legal proceedings and regulatory approvals and actions related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, including Georgia PSC approvals and NRC actions and related legal proceedings involving the commercial parties; |
• | actions related to cost recovery for the Kemper IGCC, including actions relating to proposed securitization, Mississippi PSC approval of a rate recovery plan, including the ability to complete the proposed sale of an interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA, the ability to utilize bonus depreciation, which currently requires that assets be placed in service in 2015, and satisfaction of requirements to utilize ITCs and grants; |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
• | Mississippi PSC review of the prudence of Kemper IGCC costs; |
• | the ultimate outcome and impact of the February 2015 decision of the Mississippi Supreme Court and any further legal or regulatory proceedings regarding any settlement agreement between Mississippi Power and the Mississippi PSC, the March 2013 rate order regarding retail rate increases, or the Baseload Act; |
• | the ability to successfully operate the electric utilities' generating, transmission, and distribution facilities, and the successful performance of necessary corporate functions; |
• | the inherent risks involved in operating and constructing nuclear generating facilities, including environmental, health, regulatory, natural disaster, terrorism, or financial risks; |
• | the performance of projects undertaken by the non-utility businesses and the success of efforts to invest in and develop new opportunities; |
• | internal restructuring or other restructuring options that may be pursued; |
• | potential business strategies, including acquisitions or dispositions of assets or businesses, which cannot be assured to be completed or beneficial to Southern Company or its subsidiaries; |
• | the ability of counterparties of Southern Company and its subsidiaries to make payments as and when due and to perform as required; |
• | the ability to obtain new short- and long-term contracts with wholesale customers; |
• | the direct or indirect effect on the Southern Company system's business resulting from cyber intrusion or terrorist incidents and the threat of terrorist incidents; |
• | interest rate fluctuations and financial market conditions and the results of financing efforts; |
• | changes in Southern Company's or any of its subsidiaries' credit ratings, including impacts on interest rates, access to capital markets, and collateral requirements; |
• | the impacts of any sovereign financial issues, including impacts on interest rates, access to capital markets, impacts on currency exchange rates, counterparty performance, and the economy in general , as well as potential impacts on the benefits of the DOE loan guarantees; |
• | the ability of Southern Company and its subsidiaries to obtain additional generating capacity at competitive prices; |
• | catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods, hurricanes and other storms, droughts, pandemic health events such as influenzas, or other similar occurrences; |
• | the direct or indirect effects on the Southern Company system's business resulting from incidents affecting the U.S. electric grid or operation of generating resources; |
• | the effect of accounting pronouncements issued periodically by standard-setting bodies; and |
• | other factors discussed elsewhere herein and in other reports filed by the registrants from time to time with the SEC. |
The registrants expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
PART I
Item 1. | BUSINESS |
Southern Company was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on November 9, 1945. Southern Company is registered and qualified to do business under the laws of Georgia and is qualified to do business as a foreign corporation under the laws of Alabama. Southern Company owns all of the outstanding common stock of Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power, each of which is an operating public utility company. The traditional operating companies supply electric service in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi. More particular information relating to each of the traditional operating companies is as follows:
Alabama Power is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Alabama on November 10, 1927, by the consolidation of a predecessor Alabama Power Company, Gulf Electric Company, and Houston Power Company. The predecessor Alabama Power Company had been in continuous existence since its incorporation in 1906.
Georgia Power was incorporated under the laws of the State of Georgia on June 26, 1930 and was admitted to do business in Alabama on September 15, 1948 and in Florida on October 13, 1997.
Gulf Power is a Florida corporation that has had a continuous existence since it was originally organized under the laws of the State of Maine on November 2, 1925. Gulf Power was admitted to do business in Florida on January 15, 1926, in Mississippi on October 25, 1976, and in Georgia on November 20, 1984. Gulf Power became a Florida corporation after being domesticated under the laws of the State of Florida on November 2, 2005.
Mississippi Power was incorporated under the laws of the State of Mississippi on July 12, 1972, was admitted to do business in Alabama on November 28, 1972, and effective December 21, 1972, by the merger into it of the predecessor Mississippi Power Company, succeeded to the business and properties of the latter company. The predecessor Mississippi Power Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maine on November 24, 1924 and was admitted to do business in Mississippi on December 23, 1924 and in Alabama on December 7, 1962.
In addition, Southern Company owns all of the common stock of Southern Power Company, which is also an operating public utility company. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. Southern Power Company is a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware on January 8, 2001 and was admitted to do business in the States of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia on January 10, 2001, in the State of Mississippi on January 30, 2001, in the State of North Carolina on February 19, 2007, and in the State of South Carolina on March 31, 2009. Certain of Southern Power Company's subsidiaries are also admitted to do business in the States of California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas.
Southern Company also owns all of the outstanding common stock or membership interests of SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Nuclear, SCS, Southern Holdings, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and markets these services to the public and also provides wholesale fiber optic solutions to telecommunication providers in the Southeast. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to Alabama Power's and Georgia Power's nuclear plants and is currently developing Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, which are co-owned by Georgia Power. SCS is the Southern Company system service company providing, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases.
Alabama Power and Georgia Power each own 50% of the outstanding common stock of SEGCO. SEGCO is an operating public utility company that owns electric generating units with an aggregate capacity of 1,019,680 KWs at Plant Gaston on the Coosa River near Wilsonville, Alabama. Alabama Power and Georgia Power are each entitled to one-half of SEGCO's capacity and energy. Alabama Power acts as SEGCO's agent in the operation of SEGCO's units and furnishes fuel to SEGCO for its units. SEGCO also owns one 230,000 volt transmission line extending from Plant Gaston to the Georgia state line at which point connection is made with the Georgia Power transmission line system.
Southern Company's segment information is included in Note 12 to the financial statements of Southern Company in Item 8 herein.
The registrants' Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are made available on Southern Company's website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Southern Company's internet address is www.southerncompany.com.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
The Southern Company System
Traditional Operating Companies
The traditional operating companies are vertically integrated utilities that own generation, transmission, and distribution facilities. See PROPERTIES in Item 2 herein for additional information on the traditional operating companies' generating facilities. Each company's transmission facilities are connected to the respective company's own generating plants and other sources of power (including certain generating plants owned by Southern Power) and are interconnected with the transmission facilities of the other traditional operating companies and SEGCO. For information on the State of Georgia's integrated transmission system, see "Territory Served by the Traditional Operating Companies and Southern Power" herein.
Agreements in effect with principal neighboring utility systems provide for capacity and energy transactions that may be entered into from time to time for reasons related to reliability or economics. Additionally, the traditional operating companies have entered into voluntary reliability agreements with the subsidiaries of Entergy Corporation, Florida Electric Power Coordinating Group, and Tennessee Valley Authority and with Duke Energy Progress, Inc., Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC, South Carolina Electric & Gas Company, and Virginia Electric and Power Company, each of which provides for the establishment and periodic review of principles and procedures for planning and operation of generation and transmission facilities, maintenance schedules, load retention programs, emergency operations, and other matters affecting the reliability of bulk power supply. The traditional operating companies have joined with other utilities in the Southeast (including some of those referred to above) to form the SERC to augment further the reliability and adequacy of bulk power supply. Through the SERC, the traditional operating companies are represented on the National Electric Reliability Council.
The utility assets of the traditional operating companies and certain utility assets of Southern Power Company are operated as a single integrated electric system, or power pool, pursuant to the IIC. Activities under the IIC are administered by SCS, which acts as agent for the traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company. The fundamental purpose of the power pool is to provide for the coordinated operation of the electric facilities in an effort to achieve the maximum possible economies consistent with the highest practicable reliability of service. Subject to service requirements and other operating limitations, system resources are committed and controlled through the application of centralized economic dispatch. Under the IIC, each traditional operating company and Southern Power Company retains its lowest cost energy resources for the benefit of its own customers and delivers any excess energy to the power pool for use in serving customers of other traditional operating companies or Southern Power Company or for sale by the power pool to third parties. The IIC provides for the recovery of specified costs associated with the affiliated operations thereunder, as well as the proportionate sharing of costs and revenues resulting from power pool transactions with third parties.
Southern Company, each traditional operating company, Southern Power Company, Southern Nuclear, SEGCO, and other subsidiaries have contracted with SCS to furnish, at direct or allocated cost and upon request, the following services: general and design engineering, operations, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and power pool transactions. Southern Power Company and SouthernLINC Wireless have also secured from the traditional operating companies certain services which are furnished at cost and, in the case of Southern Power Company, which are subject to FERC regulations.
Alabama Power and Georgia Power each have a contract with Southern Nuclear to operate the Southern Company system's existing nuclear plants, Plants Farley, Hatch, and Vogtle. In addition, Georgia Power has a contract with Southern Nuclear to develop, license, construct, and operate Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. See "Regulation – Nuclear Regulation" herein for additional information.
Southern Power
Southern Power Company is an electric wholesale generation subsidiary with market-based rate authority from the FERC. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. Southern Power continually seeks opportunities to execute its strategy to create value through various transactions, including acquisitions and sales of assets, construction of new power plants, and entry into PPAs primarily with investor owned utilities, IPPs, municipalities, and electric cooperatives. Southern Power Company's business activities are not subject to traditional state regulation like the traditional operating companies but are subject to regulation by the FERC. Southern Power has attempted to insulate itself from significant fuel supply, fuel transportation, and electric transmission risks by generally making such risks the responsibility of the counterparties to its PPAs. However, Southern Power's future earnings will depend on the parameters of the wholesale market and the efficient operation of its wholesale generating assets, as well as Southern Power's ability to execute its acquisition and value creation strategy and to construct generating facilities. The term "Southern Power" when used herein refers to Southern Power Company and its subsidiaries while the term "Southern Power Company" when used herein refers only to the registrant. For additional
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information on Southern Power's business activities, see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – OVERVIEW – "Business Activities" of Southern Power in Item 7 herein.
In April 2013, Southern Power and Turner Renewable Energy, LLC (TRE), through Southern Turner Renewable Energy, LLC (STR), a jointly-owned subsidiary owned 90% by Southern Power, acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Campo Verde Solar, LLC (Campo Verde). Campo Verde constructed and owns an approximately 139-MW solar photovoltaic facility in Southern California. The solar facility began commercial operation in October 2013 and the entire output of the plant is contracted under a 20-year PPA with San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDG&E), a subsidiary of Sempra Energy.
Southern Power and TRE, through STR, acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Adobe Solar, LLC (Adobe) and Macho Springs Solar, LLC (Macho Springs) on April 17, 2014 and May 22, 2014, respectively. The Adobe and Macho Springs solar facilities began commercial operation in May 2014 with the approximate 20-MW Adobe solar photovoltaic facility serving a 20-year PPA with Southern California Edison Company and the approximate 50-MW Macho Springs solar photovoltaic facility serving a 20-year PPA with El Paso Electric Company.
On October 22, 2014, Southern Power, through its subsidiaries Southern Renewable Partnerships, LLC and SG2 Holdings, LLC (SG2 Holdings), acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of SG2 Imperial Valley, LLC (Imperial Valley). Southern Power owns 100% of the class A membership interests of SG2 Holdings and is entitled to 51% of all cash distributions from SG2 Holdings, and First Solar, Inc. indirectly owns 100% of the class B membership interests of SG2 Holdings and is entitled to 49% of all cash distributions from SG2 Holdings. In addition, Southern Power is entitled to substantially all of the federal tax benefits with respect to the transaction. Imperial Valley constructed and owns an approximately 150-MW solar photovoltaic facility in Southern California. The solar facility began commercial operation on November 26, 2014, and the entire output of the plant is contracted under a 25-year PPA with SDG&E.
In December 2014, Southern Power announced that it will build an approximately 131-MW solar photovoltaic facility in Taylor County, Georgia. Construction of the facility is expected to begin in September 2015. Commercial operation is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter 2016, and the entire output of the facility is contracted under separate 25-year PPAs with Cobb EMC, Flint EMC, and Sawnee EMC.
On February 19, 2015, Southern Power acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Decatur Parkway Solar Project, LLC and Decatur County Solar Project, LLC from TradeWind Energy, Inc. as part of Southern Power's plan to build two solar photovoltaic facilities, the Decatur Parkway Solar Project and the Decatur County Solar Project. These two projects, approximately 80 MWs and 19 MWs, respectively, will be constructed on separate sites in Decatur County, Georgia. The construction of the Decatur Parkway Solar Project commenced in February 2015 while the construction of the Decatur County Solar Project is expected to commence in June 2015. Both projects are expected to begin commercial operation in late 2015. The entire output of the Decatur Parkway Solar Project is contracted under a 25-year PPA with Georgia Power and the entire output of the Decatur Country Solar Project is contracted under a 20-year PPA with Georgia Power. The total estimated cost of the facilities is expected to be between $200 million and $220 million, which includes the acquisition price for all of the outstanding membership interests of Decatur Parkway Solar Project, LLC and Decatur County Solar Project, LLC from Tradewind Energy, Inc.
On February 24, 2015, Southern Power, through its wholly owned subsidiary SRE, entered into a purchase agreement with Kay Wind Holdings, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apex Clean Energy Holdings, LLC, the developer of the project, to acquire all of the outstanding membership interests of Kay Wind, LLC (Kay Wind) for approximately $492 million, with potential purchase price adjustments based on performance testing. Kay Wind is constructing an approximately 299 MW wind facility in Kay County, Oklahoma. The wind facility is expected to begin commercial operation in late 2015, and the entire output of the facility is contracted under separate 20-year PPAs with Westar Energy, Inc. and Grand River Dam Authority. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter 2015 subject to Kay Wind achieving certain financing, construction, and project milestones, and various customary conditions to closing.
See Note 2 to the financial statements of Southern Power in Item 8 herein for additional information regarding Southern Power's acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2014, Southern Power had 9,074 MWs of nameplate capacity in commercial operation, after taking into consideration its equity ownership percentage of the solar facilities. Taking into account the PPAs and capacity from the Taylor County and Decatur County solar projects, as well as the acquisition of Kay Wind, all as discussed above, Southern Power had an average of 77% of its available capacity covered for the next five years (2015 through 2019) and an average of 70% of its available capacity covered for the next 10 years (2015 through 2024).
Southern Power's natural gas and biomass sales are primarily through long-term PPAs. Southern Power's natural gas PPAs consist of two types of agreements. The first type, referred to as a unit or block sale, is a customer purchase from a dedicated plant unit where all or a portion of the generation from that unit is reserved for that customer. Southern Power typically has the
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ability to serve the unit or block sale customer from an alternate resource. The second type, referred to as requirements service, provides that Southern Power serve the customer's capacity and energy requirements from a combination of the customer's own generating units and from Southern Power resources not dedicated to serve unit or block sales. Southern Power has rights to purchase power provided by the requirements customers' resources when economically viable.
Southern Power's solar sales are through long-term PPAs. Each of Southern Power's solar PPAs is a customer purchase from a dedicated solar facility where the customer purchases the entire energy output of the facility.
The following tables set forth Southern Power's existing PPAs as of December 31, 2014:
Block Sales PPAs
Facility/Source |
| Counterparty |
| MWs | |
|
|
| Contract Term |
Addison Unit 1 |
| MEAG Power |
| 150 | |
|
|
| through April 2029 |
Addison Units 2 and 4 |
| Georgia Power |
| 296 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2015 – May 2030 |
Addison Unit 3 |
| Georgia Energy Cooperative |
| 150 | |
|
|
| through May 2030 |
Cleveland County Unit 1 |
| NCEMC(1) |
| 45-180 | |
|
|
| through December 2036 |
Cleveland County Unit 2 |
| NCEMC(1) |
| 180 | |
|
|
| through December 2036 |
Cleveland County Unit 3 |
| NCMPA1(2) |
| 180 | |
|
|
| through December 2031 |
Dahlberg Units 1, 3 and 5 |
| Cobb EMC |
| 225 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2016 – Dec. 2022 |
Dahlberg Units 2, 6, 8 and 10 |
| Georgia Power |
| 298 | |
|
|
| through May 2025 |
Dahlberg Unit 4 |
| Georgia Power |
| 75 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2015 – May 2030 |
Franklin Unit 1 |
| Florida Power & Light Co. |
| 190 | |
|
|
| through December 2015 |
Franklin Unit 1 |
| Duke Energy Florida, Inc. |
| 350 | |
|
|
| through May 2016 |
Franklin Unit 1 |
| Duke Energy Florida, Inc. |
| 434 | |
|
|
| June 2016 – May 2021 |
Franklin Unit 2 |
| Morgan Stanley Capital Group |
| 250 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2016 – Dec. 2025 |
Franklin Unit 2 |
| Jackson EMC |
| 60-65 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2016 – Dec. 2035 |
Franklin Unit 2 |
| GreyStone Power Corporation |
| 35-40 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2016 – Dec. 2035 |
Franklin Unit 2 |
| Cobb EMC |
| 100 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2016 – Dec. 2022 |
Franklin Unit 3 |
| Constellation Energy |
| 628 | |
|
|
| through December 2015 |
Harris Unit 1 |
| Florida Power & Light Co. |
| 600 | |
|
|
| through December 2015 |
Harris Unit 1 |
| Georgia Power(3) |
| 638 | |
|
|
| June 2015 – May 2030 |
Harris Unit 2 |
| Georgia Power |
| 636 | |
|
|
| through May 2019 |
Nacogdoches |
| City of Austin, Texas |
| 100 | |
|
|
| through May 2032 |
NCEMC PPA(4) |
| EnergyUnited |
| 100 | |
|
|
| through December 2021 |
Oleander Unit 1 |
| Tampa Electric Company |
| 155 | |
|
|
| through December 2015 |
Oleander Units 2, 3 and 4 |
| Seminole Electric Cooperative |
| 465 | |
|
|
| through May 2021 |
Oleander Unit 5 |
| FMPA |
| 160 | |
|
|
| through December 2027 |
Rowan CT Unit 1 |
| NCMPA1(2) |
| 100-150 | |
|
|
| through December 2030 |
Rowan CT Unit 3 |
| EnergyUnited |
| 113 | |
|
|
| Jan. 2015 – December 2023 |
Rowan CC Unit 4 |
| NCMPA1(2) |
| 50 | |
|
|
| through December 2015 |
Rowan CC Unit 4 |
| EnergyUnited |
| 0-274 | |
|
|
| through December 2025 |
Rowan CC Unit 4 |
| Duke Energy Progress, Inc. |
| 150 | |
|
|
| through December 2019 |
Rowan CC Unit 4 |
| PJM Auction(5) |
| 200 | |
|
|
| June 2016 – May 2017 |
Stanton Unit A |
| OUC |
| 341 | |
|
|
| through September 2033 |
Stanton Unit A |
| FMPA |
| 85 | |
|
|
| through September 2033 |
Wansley Unit 6 |
| Georgia Power |
| 568 | |
|
|
| through May 2017 |
(1) | North Carolina Electric Membership Corporation (NCEMC) |
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(2) | North Carolina Municipal Power Agency (NCMPA) |
(3) | Georgia Power will be served by Plant Franklin Unit 2 from June 2015 through December 2015. |
(4) | Represents sale of power purchased from NCEMC under a PPA. |
(5) | Pennsylvania, Jersey, Maryland Power Pool |
Requirements Services PPAs
Counterparty |
| MWs |
|
|
| Contract Term | |
Nine Georgia EMCs |
| 239-358 | |
| (1) |
| through December 2024 |
Sawnee EMC |
| 117-422 | |
| (1) |
| through December 2027 |
Cobb EMC |
| 26-210 | |
| (1) |
| through December 2015 |
Cobb EMC |
| 26-210 | |
| (1) |
| Jan. 2016 - Dec. 2025 |
Flint EMC |
| 131-210 | |
| (1) |
| through December 2024 |
City of Dalton, Georgia |
| - | |
| (1) |
| through December 2017 |
EnergyUnited |
| 99-236 | |
| (1) |
| through December 2025 |
City of Seneca, South Carolina |
| 30 | |
|
|
| through June 2015 |
_______________________________________
(1) | Represents a range of forecasted incremental capacity needs over the contract term. |
Solar PPAs
Facility | Counterparty | MWs(1) | Contract Term |
Adobe(2) | Southern California Edison Company | 20 | through April 2034 |
Apex(2) | Nevada Power Company | 20 | through November 2037 |
Campo Verde(2) | San Diego Gas & Electric Company | 139 | through October 2033 |
Cimarron(2) | Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. | 30 | through November 2035 |
Granville(2) | Duke Energy Progress, Inc. | 2.5 | through November 2032 |
Imperial Valley(3) | SDG&E | 150 | through October 2039 |
Macho Springs(2) | El Paso Energy | 50 | through April 2034 |
Spectrum(2) | Nevada Power Company | 30 | through December 2038 |
Taylor County | Cobb EMC | 101 | fourth quarter 2016 - 2041 |
Taylor County | Flint EMC | 15 | fourth quarter 2016 - 2041 |
Taylor County | Sawnee EMC | 15 | fourth quarter 2016 - 2041 |
_______________________________________
(1) | MWs shown are for 100% of the PPA, which is based on the demonstrated capacity of the facility. |
(2) | Southern Power's equity interest in these facilities is 90%. |
(3) | Southern Power's equity interest in this facility is 51%. |
Purchased Power
Facility/Source | Counterparty | MWs | Contract Term |
Sandersville | AL Sandersville Holdings, LLC | 280 | through December 2015 |
NCEMC | NCEMC | 100 | through December 2021 |
See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Power Sales Agreements" and "Acquisitions" of Southern Power in Item 7 herein and Note 2 to the financial statements of Southern Power in Item 8 herein for additional information.
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For the year ended December 31, 2014, Southern Power derived approximately 10.1% of its revenues from sales to Florida Power & Light Company, approximately 9.7% of its revenues from sales to Georgia Power, and approximately 9.1% of its revenues from sales to Duke Energy Corporation.
Other Businesses
Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases.
SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public. SouthernLINC Wireless delivers multiple wireless communication options including push to talk, cellular service, text messaging, wireless internet access, and wireless data. Its system covers approximately 127,000 square miles in the Southeast. SouthernLINC Wireless also provides fiber cable services within the Southeast through its subsidiary, Southern Telecom, Inc.
These efforts to invest in and develop new business opportunities offer potential returns exceeding those of rate-regulated operations. However, these activities also involve a higher degree of risk.
Construction Programs
The subsidiary companies of Southern Company are engaged in continuous construction programs to accommodate existing and estimated future loads on their respective systems. For estimated construction and environmental expenditures for the periods 2015 through 2017, see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY – "Capital Requirements and Contractual Obligations" of Southern Company, each traditional operating company, and Southern Power in Item 7 herein. The Southern Company system's construction program consists of capital investment and capital expenditures to comply with environmental statutes and regulations. In 2015, the construction program is expected to be apportioned approximately as follows:
| Southern Company system * | Alabama Power | Georgia Power | Gulf Power | Mississippi Power | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||
New Generation | $ | 1,295 | | $ | - | | $ | 494 | | $ | - | | $ | 801 | |
Environmental Compliance** | 1,035 | | 420 | | 347 | | 127 | | 94 | | |||||
Generation Maintenance | 958 | | 395 | | 471 | | 46 | | 29 | | |||||
Transmission | 641 | | 180 | | 396 | | 24 | | 40 | | |||||
Distribution | 786 | | 312 | | 384 | | 48 | | 41 | | |||||
Nuclear Fuel | 277 | | 125 | | 152 | | - | | - | | |||||
General Plant | 277 | | 103 | | 145 | | 18 | | 11 | | |||||
| 5,269 | | 1,535 | | 2,389 | | 263 | | 1,016 | | |||||
Southern Power*** | 1,395 | | - | | - | | - | | - | | |||||
Other subsidiaries | 64 | | - | | - | | - | | - | | |||||
Total | $ | 6,728 | | $ | 1,535 | | $ | 2,389 | | $ | 263 | | $ | 1,016 | |
* | These amounts include the amounts for the traditional operating companies (as detailed in the table above) as well as the amounts for Southern Power and the other subsidiaries. See "Other Businesses" herein for additional information. |
** | Reflects cost estimates for environmental regulations. These estimated expenditures do not include any potential compliance costs that may arise from the EPA's proposed rules that would limit CO 2 emissions from new, existing, and modified or reconstructed fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations" and FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY – "Capital Requirements and Contractual Obligations" of Southern Company and each traditional operating company in Item 7 herein for additional information. |
*** | Includes approximately $1.3 billion for potential acquisitions and/or construction of new generating facilities. |
The construction programs are subject to periodic review and revision, and actual construction costs may vary from these estimates because of numerous factors. These factors include: changes in business conditions; changes in load projections; changes in environmental statutes and regulations; the outcome of any legal challenges to the environmental rules; changes in generating plants, including unit retirements and replacements and adding or changing fuel sources at existing units, to meet regulatory requirements; changes in FERC rules and regulations; PSC approvals; changes in the expected environmental
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compliance program; changes in legislation; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment, and materials; project scope and design changes; storm impacts; and the cost of capital. In addition, there can be no assurance that costs related to capital expenditures will be fully recovered. Additionally, planned expenditures for plant acquisitions may vary due to market opportunities and Southern Power's ability to execute its growth strategy.
In addition, the construction program includes the development and construction of new generating facilities with designs that have not been finalized or previously constructed, including first-of-a-kind technology, which may result in revised estimates during construction. The ability to control costs and avoid cost overruns during the development and construction of new facilities is subject to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by any PSC).
See "Regulation – Environmental Statutes and Regulations" herein for additional information with respect to certain existing and proposed environmental requirements and PROPERTIES – "Jointly-Owned Facilities" in Item 2 herein for additional information concerning Alabama Power's, Georgia Power's, and Southern Power's joint ownership of certain generating units and related facilities with certain non-affiliated utilities. See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction," respectively, in Item 8 herein for additional information regarding Georgia Power's construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. Also see Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" in Item 8 herein for additional information regarding Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC.
Financing Programs
See each of the registrant's MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY in Item 7 herein and Note 6 to the financial statements of each registrant in Item 8 herein for information concerning financing programs.
Fuel Supply
The traditional operating companies' and SEGCO's supply of electricity is primarily fueled by natural gas and coal. Southern Power's supply of electricity is primarily fueled by natural gas. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – RESULTS OF OPERATION – "Electricity Business – Fuel and Purchased Power Expenses" of Southern Company and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – RESULTS OF OPERATION – "Fuel and Purchased Power Expenses" of each traditional operating company in Item 7 herein for information regarding the electricity generated and the average cost of fuel in cents per net KWH generated for the years 2012 through 2014.
The traditional operating companies have agreements in place from which they expect to receive substantially all of their coal burn requirements in 2015. These agreements have terms ranging between one and six years. In 2014, the weighted average sulfur content of all coal burned by the traditional operating companies was 0.96% sulfur. This sulfur level, along with banked and purchased sulfur dioxide allowances, allowed the traditional operating companies to remain within limits set by Phase I of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) under the Clean Air Act. In 2014, the Southern Company system did not purchase any sulfur dioxide allowances, annual nitrogen oxide emission allowances, or seasonal nitrogen oxide emission allowances from the market. As any additional environmental regulations are proposed that impact the utilization of coal, the traditional operating companies' fuel mix will be monitored to help ensure that the traditional operating companies remain in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Additionally, Southern Company and the traditional operating companies will continue to evaluate the need to purchase additional emissions allowances, the timing of capital expenditures for emissions control equipment, and potential unit retirements and replacements. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters" of Southern Company, each traditional operating company, and Southern Power in Item 7 herein for additional information on environmental matters.
SCS, acting on behalf of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company, has agreements in place for the natural gas burn requirements of the Southern Company system. For 2015, SCS has contracted for 446 billion cubic feet of natural gas supply under agreements with remaining terms up to 15 years. In addition to natural gas supply, SCS has contracts in place for both firm natural gas transportation and storage. Management believes these contracts provide sufficient natural gas supplies, transportation, and storage to ensure normal operations of the Southern Company system's natural gas generating units.
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Alabama Power and Georgia Power have numerous contracts covering a portion of their nuclear fuel needs for uranium, conversion services, enrichment services, and fuel fabrication. These contracts have varying expiration dates and most of them are for less than 10 years. Management believes sufficient capacity for nuclear fuel supplies and processing exists to preclude the impairment of normal operations of the Southern Company system's nuclear generating units.
Changes in fuel prices to the traditional operating companies are generally reflected in fuel adjustment clauses contained in rate schedules. See "Rate Matters – Rate Structure and Cost Recovery Plans" herein for additional information. Southern Power's PPAs (excluding solar) generally provide that the counterparty is responsible for substantially all of the cost of fuel.
Alabama Power and Georgia Power have contracts with the United States, acting through the DOE, that provide for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The DOE failed to begin disposing of spent fuel in 1998, as required by the contracts, and Alabama Power and Georgia Power have pursued and are pursuing legal remedies against the government for breach of contract. See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Georgia Power under "Nuclear Fuel Disposal Costs" in Item 8 herein for additional information.
Territory Served by the Traditional Operating Companies and Southern Power
The territory in which the traditional operating companies provide electric service comprises most of the states of Alabama and Georgia together with the northwestern portion of Florida and southeastern Mississippi. In this territory there are non-affiliated electric distribution systems that obtain some or all of their power requirements either directly or indirectly from the traditional operating companies. As of December 31, 2014, the territory had an area of approximately 120,000 square miles and an estimated population of approximately 16 million. Southern Power sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market primarily to investor-owned utilities, IPPs, municipalities, and electric cooperatives.
Alabama Power is engaged, within the State of Alabama, in the generation and purchase of electricity and the transmission, distribution, and sale of such electricity, at retail in approximately 400 cities and towns (including Anniston, Birmingham, Gadsden, Mobile, Montgomery, and Tuscaloosa), as well as in rural areas, and at wholesale to 14 municipally-owned electric distribution systems, 11 of which are served indirectly through sales to Alabama Municipal Electric Authority, and two rural distributing cooperative associations. Alabama Power owns coal reserves near its Plant Gorgas and uses the output of coal from the reserves in its generating plants. Alabama Power also sells, and cooperates with dealers in promoting the sale of, electric appliances.
Georgia Power is engaged in the generation and purchase of electricity and the transmission, distribution, and sale of such electricity within the State of Georgia, at retail in over 600 communities (including Athens, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Rome, and Savannah), as well as in rural areas, and at wholesale currently to OPC, MEAG Power, Dalton, various EMCs, and non-affiliated utilities.
Gulf Power is engaged, within the northwestern portion of Florida, in the generation and purchase of electricity and the transmission, distribution, and sale of such electricity, at retail in 71 communities (including Pensacola, Panama City, and Fort Walton Beach), as well as in rural areas, and at wholesale to a non-affiliated utility.
Mississippi Power is engaged in the generation and purchase of electricity and the transmission, distribution, and sale of such electricity within 23 counties in southeastern Mississippi, at retail in 123 communities (including Biloxi, Gulfport, Hattiesburg, Laurel, Meridian, and Pascagoula), as well as in rural areas, and at wholesale to one municipality, six rural electric distribution cooperative associations, and one generating and transmitting cooperative.
For information relating to KWH sales by customer classification for the traditional operating companies, see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of each traditional operating company in Item 7 herein. Also, for information relating to the sources of revenues for Southern Company, each traditional operating company, and Southern Power, reference is made to Item 7 herein.
The RUS has authority to make loans to cooperative associations or corporations to enable them to provide electric service to customers in rural sections of the country. As of December 31, 2014, there were 71 electric cooperative organizations operating in the territory in which the traditional operating companies provide electric service at retail or wholesale.
One of these organizations, PowerSouth, is a generating and transmitting cooperative selling power to several distributing cooperatives, municipal systems, and other customers in south Alabama and northwest Florida. As of December 31, 2014, PowerSouth owned generating units with approximately 2,094 MWs of nameplate capacity, including an undivided 8.16% ownership interest in Alabama Power's Plant Miller Units 1 and 2. PowerSouth's facilities were financed with RUS loans secured by long-term contracts requiring distributing cooperatives to take their requirements from PowerSouth to the extent such energy is available. See PROPERTIES – "Jointly-Owned Facilities" in Item 2 herein for details of Alabama Power's joint-ownership with PowerSouth of a portion of Plant Miller.
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Alabama Power and Gulf Power have entered into separate agreements with PowerSouth involving interconnection between their respective systems. The delivery of capacity and energy from PowerSouth to certain distributing cooperatives in the service territories of Alabama Power and Gulf Power is governed by the Southern Company/PowerSouth Network Transmission Service Agreement. The rates for this service to PowerSouth are on file with the FERC.
Four electric cooperative associations, financed by the RUS, operate within Gulf Power's service territory. These cooperatives purchase their full requirements from PowerSouth and SEPA (a federal power marketing agency). A non-affiliated utility also operates within Gulf Power's service territory and purchases its full requirements from Gulf Power.
Mississippi Power has an interchange agreement with SMEPA, a generating and transmitting cooperative, pursuant to which various services are provided. In 2010, Mississippi Power and SMEPA entered into an asset purchase agreement whereby SMEPA agreed to purchase a 17.5% undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC. In 2012, the Mississippi PSC approved the sale and transfer of the 17.5% undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA. Later in 2012, Mississippi Power and SMEPA signed an amendment to the asset purchase agreement whereby SMEPA reduced its purchase commitment percentage from a 17.5% to a 15% undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC. In March 2013, Mississippi Power and SMEPA signed an amendment to the asset purchase agreement whereby Mississippi Power and SMEPA agreed to amend the power supply agreement entered into by the parties in 2011 to reduce the capacity amounts to be received by SMEPA by half (approximately 75 MWs) at the sale and transfer of the undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA. In December 2013, Mississippi Power and SMEPA agreed to extend SMEPA's option to purchase through December 31, 2014.
By letter agreement dated October 6, 2014, Mississippi Power and SMEPA reached an agreement in principle on certain issues related to SMEPA's proposed purchase of a 15% undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC. The letter agreement contemplated certain amendments to the asset purchase agreement, which the parties anticipated to be incorporated into the asset purchase agreement on or before December 31, 2014. The parties agreed to further amend the asset purchase agreement as follows: (1) Mississippi Power agreed to cap at $2.88 billion the portion of the purchase price payable for development and construction costs, net of exceptions to the $2.88 billion cost cap, including the cost of the lignite mine and equipment, the cost of the CO 2 pipeline facilities, allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC), and certain general exceptions, including change of law, force majeure, and beneficial capital (which exists when Mississippi Power demonstrates that the purpose and effect of the construction cost increase is to produce efficiencies that will result in a neutral or favorable effect on customers relative to the original proposal for the CPCN) (Cost Cap Exceptions); title insurance reimbursement; and AFUDC and/or carrying costs through the Closing Commitment Date (defined below); (2) SMEPA agreed to close the purchase within 180 days after the date of the execution of the amended asset purchase agreement or before the Kemper IGCC's in-service date, whichever occurs first (Closing Commitment Date), subject only to satisfaction of certain conditions; and (3) AFUDC and/or carrying costs will continue to be accrued on the capped development and construction costs, the Cost Cap Exceptions, and any operating costs, net of revenues until the amended asset purchase agreement is executed by both parties, and thereafter AFUDC and/or carrying costs and payment of interest on SMEPA's deposited money will be suspended and waived, provided closing occurs by the Closing Commitment Date. The letter agreement also provided for certain post-closing adjustments to address any differences between the actual and the estimated amounts of post-in-service date costs (both expenses and capital) and revenue credits for those portions of the Kemper IGCC previously placed in service.
By letter dated December 18, 2014, SMEPA notified Mississippi Power that SMEPA decided not to extend the estimated closing date in the asset purchase agreement or revise the asset purchase agreement to include the contemplated amendments; however, both parties agree that the asset purchase agreement will remain in effect until closing or until either party gives notice of termination.
The closing of this transaction is also conditioned upon execution of a joint ownership and operating agreement, the absence of material adverse effects, receipt of all construction permits, and appropriate regulatory approvals, as well as SMEPA's receipt of RUS funding. In 2012, SMEPA received a conditional loan commitment from RUS for the purchase.
As of December 31, 2014, there were 65 municipally-owned electric distribution systems operating in the territory in which the traditional operating companies provide electric service at retail or wholesale.
As of December 31, 2014, 48 municipally-owned electric distribution systems and one county-owned system received their requirements through MEAG Power, which was established by a Georgia state statute in 1975. MEAG Power serves these requirements from self-owned generation facilities, some of which are jointly-owned with Georgia Power, and purchases from other resources. MEAG Power also has a pseudo scheduling and services agreement with Georgia Power. Dalton serves its requirements from self-owned generation facilities, some of which are jointly-owned with Georgia Power, and through purchases from Georgia Power and Southern Power through a service agreement. See PROPERTIES – "Jointly-Owned Facilities" in Item 2 herein for additional information.
Georgia Power has entered into substantially similar agreements with Georgia Transmission Corporation, MEAG Power, and Dalton providing for the establishment of an integrated transmission system to carry the power and energy of all parties. The
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agreements require an investment by each party in the integrated transmission system in proportion to its respective share of the aggregate system load. See PROPERTIES – "Jointly-Owned Facilities" in Item 2 herein for additional information.
Southern Power has PPAs with some of the traditional operating companies and with other investor-owned utilities, IPPs, municipalities, electric cooperatives, and an energy marketing firm. See "The Southern Company System - Southern Power" above and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Power Sales Agreements" of Southern Power in Item 7 herein for additional information concerning Southern Power's PPAs.
SCS, acting on behalf of the traditional operating companies, also has a contract with SEPA providing for the use of the traditional operating companies' facilities at government expense to deliver to certain cooperatives and municipalities, entitled by federal statute to preference in the purchase of power from SEPA, quantities of power equivalent to the amounts of power allocated to them by SEPA from certain United States government hydroelectric projects.
Competition
The electric utility industry in the United States is continuing to evolve as a result of regulatory and competitive factors. Among the early primary agents of change was the Energy Policy Act of 1992 which allowed IPPs to access a utility's transmission network in order to sell electricity to other utilities.
The competition for retail energy sales among competing suppliers of energy is influenced by various factors, including price, availability, technological advancements, service, and reliability. These factors are, in turn, affected by, among other influences, regulatory, political, and environmental considerations, taxation, and supply.
The retail service rights of all electric suppliers in the State of Georgia are regulated by the Territorial Electric Service Act of 1973. Pursuant to the provisions of this Act, all areas within existing municipal limits were assigned to the primary electric supplier therein. Areas outside of such municipal limits were either to be assigned or to be declared open for customer choice of supplier by action of the Georgia PSC pursuant to standards set forth in this Act. Consistent with such standards, the Georgia PSC has assigned substantially all of the land area in the state to a supplier. Notwithstanding such assignments, this Act provides that any new customer locating outside of 1973 municipal limits and having a connected load of at least 900 KWs may exercise a one-time choice for the life of the premises to receive electric service from the supplier of its choice.
Pursuant to the 1956 Utility Act, the Mississippi PSC issued "Grandfather Certificates" of public convenience and necessity to Mississippi Power and to six distribution rural cooperatives operating in southeastern Mississippi, then served in whole or in part by Mississippi Power, authorizing them to distribute electricity in certain specified geographically described areas of the state. The six cooperatives serve approximately 325,000 retail customers in a certificated area of approximately 10,300 square miles. In areas included in a "Grandfather Certificate," the utility holding such certificate may, without further certification, extend its lines up to five miles; other extensions within that area by such utility, or by other utilities, may not be made except upon a showing of, and a grant of a certificate of, public convenience and necessity. Areas included in such a certificate which are subsequently annexed to municipalities may continue to be served by the holder of the certificate, irrespective of whether it has a franchise in the annexing municipality. On the other hand, the holder of the municipal franchise may not extend service into such newly annexed area without authorization by the Mississippi PSC.
Generally, the traditional operating companies have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, competition in their respective retail service territories in varying degrees from the development and deployment of alternative energy sources such as self-generation (as described below) and distributed generation technologies, as well as other factors.
Southern Power competes with investor owned utilities, IPPs, and others for wholesale energy sales primarily in the Southeastern U.S. wholesale market. The needs of this market are driven by the demands of end users in the Southeast and the generation available. Southern Power's success in wholesale energy sales is influenced by various factors including reliability and availability of Southern Power's plants, availability of transmission to serve the demand, price, and Southern Power's ability to contain costs.
As of December 31, 2014, Alabama Power had cogeneration contracts in effect with 10 industrial customers. Under the terms of these contracts, Alabama Power purchases excess energy generated by such companies. During 2014, Alabama Power purchased approximately 172 million KWHs from such companies at a cost of $4.6 million.
As of December 31, 2014, Georgia Power had contracts in effect with 25 small power producers whereby Georgia Power purchases their excess generation. During 2014, Georgia Power purchased 598 million KWHs from such companies at a cost of $37 million. Georgia Power also has a PPA for electricity with one cogeneration facility. Payments are subject to reductions for failure to meet minimum capacity output. During 2014, Georgia Power purchased 197 million KWHs at a cost of $23 million from this facility.
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Also during 2014, Georgia Power purchased energy from four customer-owned generating facilities. These customers provide only energy to Georgia Power and make no capacity commitment and are not dispatched by Georgia Power. During 2014, Georgia Power purchased a total of 30 million KWHs from the four customers at a cost of approximately $1 million.
As of December 31, 2014, Gulf Power had agreements in effect with various industrial, commercial, and qualifying facilities pursuant to which Gulf Power purchases "as available" energy from customer-owned generation. During 2014, Gulf Power purchased 185 million KWHs from such companies for approximately $8.1 million.
As of December 31, 2014, Mississippi Power had one cogeneration agreement in effect with one of its industrial customers. Under the terms of this contract, Mississippi Power purchases any excess generation. During 2014, Mississippi Power did not purchase any excess generation from this customer.
Seasonality
The demand for electric power generation is affected by seasonal differences in the weather. At the traditional operating companies and Southern Power, the demand for power peaks during the summer months, with market prices reflecting the demand of power and available generating resources at that time. Power demand peaks can also be recorded during the winter. As a result, the overall operating results of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power in the future may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal basis. In addition, Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power have historically sold less power when weather conditions are milder.
Regulation
State Commissions
The traditional operating companies are subject to the jurisdiction of their respective state PSCs. The PSCs have broad powers of supervision and regulation over public utilities operating in the respective states, including their rates, service regulations, sales of securities (except for the Mississippi PSC), and, in the cases of the Georgia PSC and the Mississippi PSC, in part, retail service territories. See "Territory Served by the Traditional Operating Companies and Southern Power" and "Rate Matters" herein for additional information.
Federal Power Act
The traditional operating companies, Southern Power Company and certain of its generation subsidiaries, and SEGCO are all public utilities engaged in wholesale sales of energy in interstate commerce and therefore are subject to the rate, financial, and accounting jurisdiction of the FERC under the Federal Power Act. The FERC must approve certain financings and allows an "at cost standard" for services rendered by system service companies such as SCS and Southern Nuclear. The FERC is also authorized to establish regional reliability organizations which enforce reliability standards, address impediments to the construction of transmission, and prohibit manipulative energy trading practices.
Alabama Power and Georgia Power are also subject to the provisions of the Federal Power Act or the earlier Federal Water Power Act applicable to licensees with respect to their hydroelectric developments. As of December 31, 2014, among the hydroelectric projects subject to licensing by the FERC are 14 existing Alabama Power generating stations having an aggregate installed capacity of 1,662,400 KWs and 18 existing Georgia Power generating stations having an aggregate installed capacity of 1,087,296 KWs.
In 2005, Alabama Power filed two applications with the FERC for new 50-year licenses for its seven hydroelectric developments on the Coosa River (Weiss, Henry, Logan Martin, Lay, Mitchell, Jordan, and Bouldin) and for the Lewis Smith and Bankhead developments on the Warrior River. The FERC licenses for all of these nine projects expired in 2007. Since the FERC did not act on Alabama Power's new license applications prior to the expiration of the existing licenses, the FERC is required by law to issue annual licenses to Alabama Power, under the terms and conditions of the existing licenses, until action is taken on the new license applications.
The FERC issued annual licenses for the Coosa developments and the Warrior River developments in 2007. These annual licenses are automatically renewed each year without further action by the FERC to allow Alabama Power to continue operation of the projects under the terms of the previous license while the FERC completes review of the applications for new licenses. In 2010, the FERC issued a new 30-year license to Alabama Power for the Lewis Smith and Bankhead developments. Following the FERC's denials of their requests for rehearing and an unsuccessful appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, on January 30, 2015, the court dismissed the Smith Lake Improvement and Stakeholders' Association en banc rehearing request.
In June 2013, the FERC entered an order granting Alabama Power's application for relicensing of Alabama Power's seven hydroelectric developments on the Coosa River for 30 years. In July 2013, Alabama Power filed a petition requesting rehearing
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of the FERC order granting the relicense seeking revisions to several conditions of the license. The Alabama Rivers Alliance, American Rivers, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division, and the Atlanta Regional Commission have also filed petitions for rehearing of the FERC order.
In 2011, Alabama Power filed an application with the FERC to relicense the Martin Dam project located on the Tallapoosa River. The Martin license expired in June 2013. Since the FERC did not act on Alabama Power's license application prior to the expiration of the existing license, the FERC issued an annual license to Alabama Power for the Martin Dam project in June 2013.
In August 2013, Alabama Power filed an application with the FERC to relicense the Holt hydroelectric project located on the Warrior River. The current Holt license will expire on August 31, 2015.
In 2012, Georgia Power filed an application with the FERC to relicense the Bartlett's Ferry project located on the Chattahoochee River near Columbus, Georgia. The FERC issued a new license on December 22, 2014.
Georgia Power and OPC also have a license, expiring in 2027, for the Rocky Mountain Plant, a pure pumped storage facility of 847,800 KW capacity. See PROPERTIES – "Jointly-Owned Facilities" in Item 2 herein for additional information.
Licenses for all projects, excluding those discussed above, expire in the period 2023-2034 in the case of Alabama Power's projects and in the period 2020-2044 in the case of Georgia Power's projects.
Upon or after the expiration of each license, the U.S. Government, by act of Congress, may take over the project or the FERC may relicense the project either to the original licensee or to a new licensee. In the event of takeover or relicensing to another, the original licensee is to be compensated in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Power Act, such compensation to reflect the net investment of the licensee in the project, not in excess of the fair value of the property, plus reasonable damages to other property of the licensee resulting from the severance therefrom of the property. The FERC may grant relicenses subject to certain requirements that could result in additional costs.
The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time.
Nuclear Regulation
Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Southern Nuclear are subject to regulation by the NRC. The NRC is responsible for licensing and regulating nuclear facilities and materials and for conducting research in support of the licensing and regulatory process, as mandated by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended; and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act of 1978; and in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, and other applicable statutes. These responsibilities also include protecting public health and safety, protecting the environment, protecting and safeguarding nuclear materials and nuclear power plants in the interest of national security, and assuring conformity with antitrust laws.
The NRC licenses for Georgia Power's Plant Hatch Units 1 and 2 expire in 2034 and 2038, respectively. The NRC licenses for Alabama Power's Plant Farley Units 1 and 2 expire in 2037 and 2041, respectively. The NRC licenses for Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 expire in 2047 and 2049, respectively.
In 2012, the NRC issued combined construction and operating licenses (COLs) for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. Receipt of the COLs allowed full construction to begin. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction" of Georgia Power in Item 7 herein and Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction" in Item 8 herein for additional information.
See Notes 1 and 9 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Georgia Power in Item 8 herein for information on nuclear decommissioning costs and nuclear insurance.
Environmental Statutes and Regulations
The electric utilities' operations are subject to extensive regulation by state and federal environmental agencies under a variety of statutes and regulations governing environmental media, including air, water, and land resources. Compliance with these existing environmental requirements involves significant capital and operating costs, a major portion of which is expected to be recovered through existing ratemaking provisions or through market-based contracts. There is no assurance, however, that all such costs will be recovered.
Compliance with the federal Clean Air Act and resulting regulations has been, and will continue to be, a significant focus for Southern Company, each traditional operating company, Southern Power, and SEGCO. In addition, existing environmental laws and regulations may be changed or new laws and regulations may be adopted or otherwise become applicable to the Southern Company system, including laws and regulations designed to address air quality, water, CCRs, global climate change,
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or other environmental and health concerns. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters" of Southern Company and each of the traditional operating companies in Item 7 herein for additional information about the Clean Air Act and other environmental issues, including, but not limited to, the litigation brought by the EPA under the New Source Review provisions of the Clean Air Act and proposed and final regulations related to air quality, water, greenhouse gases, and CCRs. Also see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters" of Southern Power in Item 7 herein for additional information about environmental issues and climate change regulation.
The Southern Company system's ultimate environmental compliance strategy, including potential unit retirement and replacement decisions, and future environmental capital expenditures will be affected by the final requirements of new or revised environmental regulations; the time periods over which compliance with regulations is required; individual state implementation of regulations, as applicable; the outcome of any legal challenges to the environmental rules and any additional rulemaking activities in response to legal challenges and court decisions; the cost, availability, and existing inventory of emissions allowances; the impact of future changes in generation and emissions-related technology and costs; and the fuel mix of the electric utilities. Compliance costs may arise from existing unit retirements, installation of additional environmental controls, upgrades to the transmission system, closure and monitoring of CCR facilities, and adding or changing fuel sources for certain existing units. Environmental compliance spending over the next several years may differ materially from the amounts estimated. Such expenditures could affect unit retirement and replacement decisions and results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition if such costs are not recovered on a timely basis through regulated rates or long-term wholesale agreements for the traditional operating companies or market-based rates for Southern Power. Further, higher costs that are recovered through regulated rates could contribute to reduced demand for electricity, which could negatively affect results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. Also see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters" of Southern Company, each of the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power in Item 7 herein for additional information. The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time.
Compliance with any new federal or state legislation or regulations relating to air quality, water, CCRs, global climate change, or other environmental and health concerns could significantly affect the Southern Company system. Although new or revised environmental legislation or regulations could affect many areas of the electric utilities' operations, the full impact of any such changes cannot be determined at this time. Additionally, many of the electric utilities' commercial and industrial customers may also be affected by existing and future environmental requirements, which for some may have the potential to ultimately affect their demand for electricity. See "Construction Program" herein for additional information.
Rate Matters
Rate Structure and Cost Recovery Plans
The rates and service regulations of the traditional operating companies are uniform for each class of service throughout their respective retail service territories. Rates for residential electric service are generally of the block type based upon KWHs used and include minimum charges. Residential and other rates contain separate customer charges. Rates for commercial service are presently of the block type and, for large customers, the billing demand is generally used to determine capacity and minimum bill charges. These large customers' rates are generally based upon usage by the customer and include rates with special features to encourage off-peak usage. Additionally, Alabama Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power are generally allowed by their respective state PSCs to negotiate the terms and cost of service to large customers. Such terms and cost of service, however, are subject to final state PSC approval.
The traditional operating companies recover their respective costs through a variety of forward-looking, cost-based rate mechanisms. Fuel and net purchased energy costs are recovered through specific fuel cost recovery provisions. These fuel cost recovery provisions are adjusted to reflect increases or decreases in such costs as needed or on schedules as required by the respective PSCs. Approved environmental compliance, storm damage, and certain other costs are recovered at Alabama Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power through specific cost recovery mechanisms approved by their respective PSCs. Certain similar costs at Georgia Power are recovered through various base rate tariffs as approved by the Georgia PSC. Costs not recovered through specific cost recovery mechanisms are recovered at Alabama Power and Mississippi Power through annual, formulaic cost recovery proceedings and at Georgia Power and Gulf Power through base rate proceedings.
See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters" of Southern Company and each of the traditional operating companies in Item 7 herein and Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and each of the traditional operating companies under "Retail Regulatory Matters" in Item 8 herein for a discussion of rate matters and certain cost recovery mechanisms. Also, see Note 1 to the financial statements of Southern Company and each of the traditional operating companies in Item 8 herein for a discussion of recovery of fuel costs, storm damage costs, and environmental compliance costs through rate mechanisms.
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See "Integrated Resource Planning" herein for a discussion of Georgia PSC certification of new demand-side or supply-side resources and decertification of existing supply-side resources for Georgia Power. In addition, see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction" of Georgia Power in Item 7 herein and Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction" in Item 8 herein for a discussion of the Georgia Nuclear Energy Financing Act and the Georgia PSC certification of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, which have allowed Georgia Power to recover financing costs for construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 during the construction period beginning in 2011.
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" in Item 8 herein and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Rate Recovery of Kemper IGCC Costs" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein for information on cost recovery plans and a settlement agreement between Mississippi Power and the Mississippi PSC with respect to the Kemper IGCC.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company and certain of its generation subsidiaries are authorized by the FERC to sell power to non-affiliates, including short-term opportunity sales, at market-based prices. Specific FERC approval must be obtained with respect to a market-based contract with an affiliate.
Gulf Power serves long-term contracts associated with Gulf Power's co-ownership of a unit with Georgia Power at Plant Scherer, covering 100% of Gulf Power's ownership of that unit in 2015, and 41% for the next five years. These capacity revenues represented 82% of Gulf Power's total wholesale capacity revenues for 2014. Gulf Power is actively pursuing replacement wholesale contracts but the expiration of current contracts could have a material negative impact on Gulf Power's earnings.
Mississippi Power serves long-term contracts with rural electric cooperative associations and municipalities located in southeastern Mississippi under cost-based electric tariffs which are subject to regulation by the FERC. The contracts with these wholesale customers represented 21.9% of Mississippi Power's operating revenues in 2014 and are largely subject to rolling 10-year cancellation notices.
Integrated Resource Planning
Each of the traditional operating companies continually evaluates its electric generating resources in order to ensure that it maintains a cost-effective and reliable mix of resources to meet the existing and future demand requirements of its customers. See "Environmental Statutes and Regulations" above for a discussion of existing and potential environmental regulations that may impact the future generating resource needs of the traditional operating companies.
Certain of the traditional operating companies periodically file IRPs with their respective state PSC as discussed below.
Georgia Power
Triennially, Georgia Power must file an IRP with the Georgia PSC that specifies how it intends to meet the future electrical needs of its customers through a combination of demand-side and supply-side resources. The Georgia PSC, under state law, must certify any new demand-side or supply-side resources for Georgia Power to receive cost recovery. Once certified, the lesser of actual or certified construction costs and purchased power costs is recoverable through rates. Certified costs may be excluded from recovery only on the basis of fraud, concealment, failure to disclose a material fact, imprudence, or criminal misconduct.
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Retail Regulatory Matters - Georgia Power - Rate Plans" and "– Nuclear Construction" and Note 3 to the financial statements of Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Integrated Resource Plans," "– Renewables Development," and "– Nuclear Construction" in Item 8 herein for additional information.
Gulf Power
Annually by April 1, Gulf Power must file a 10-year site plan with the Florida PSC containing Gulf Power's estimate of its power-generating needs in the period and the general location of its proposed power plant sites. The 10-year site plans submitted by the state's electric utilities are reviewed by the Florida PSC and subsequently classified as either "suitable" or "unsuitable." The Florida PSC then reports its findings along with any suggested revisions to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection for its consideration at any subsequent electrical power plant site certification proceedings. Under Florida law, any 10-year site plans submitted by an electric utility are considered tentative information for planning purposes only and may be amended at any time at the discretion of the utility with written notification to the Florida PSC.
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Gulf Power's most recent 10-year site plan was classified by the Florida PSC as "suitable" in November 2014. Gulf Power's most recent 10-year site plan and environmental compliance plan identify environmental regulations and potential legislation or regulation that would impose mandatory restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations – Air Quality," "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations – Coal Combustion Residuals," and "Environmental Matters – Global Climate Issues" of Gulf Power in Item 7 herein. Gulf Power continues to evaluate the economics of various potential planning scenarios for units at certain Gulf Power coal-fired generating plants as EPA and other regulations develop.
Subsequent to December 31, 2014, Gulf Power announced plans to retire its coal-fired generation at Plant Smith Units 1 and 2 (357 MWs) by March 31, 2016. The plant will continue to operate and produce electricity with its other generating units on site. The retirement of these units is not expected to have a material impact on the Gulf Power's financial statements. Gulf Power expects to recover through its rates the remaining book value of the retired units and certain costs associated with the retirements; however, recovery will be considered by the Florida PSC in future rate proceedings. The net book value of these units at December 31, 2014 was approximately $80 million.
Gulf Power also has determined it is not economical to add the environmental controls at Plant Scholz necessary to comply with the MATS rule and that coal-fired generation at Plant Scholz will cease by April 2015. The plant is scheduled to be fully depreciated by April 2015.
The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time.
Mississippi Power
Mississippi Power's 2010 IRP indicated that Mississippi Power plans to construct the Kemper IGCC to meet its identified needs, to add environmental controls at Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2, to defer environmental controls at Plant Watson Units 4 and 5, and to continue operation of the combined cycle Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations – Air Quality" and "Environmental Matters – Global Climate Issues" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein. On August 1, 2014, Mississippi Power entered into a settlement agreement with the Sierra Club (Sierra Club Settlement Agreement) that, among other things, required the Sierra Club to dismiss or withdraw all pending legal and regulatory challenges to the Kemper IGCC and the flue gas desulfurization system project at Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2. Under the Sierra Club Settlement Agreement, and consistent with Mississippi Power's ongoing evaluation of recent environmental rules and regulations, Mississippi Power agreed to retire, repower with natural gas, or convert to an alternative non-fossil fuel source Plant Sweatt Units 1 and 2 (80 MWs) no later than December 2018. Mississippi Power also agreed that it would cease burning coal or other solid fuel at Plant Watson Units 4 and 5 (750 MWs) and begin operating those units solely on natural gas no later than April 2015, and cease burning coal and other solid fuel at Plant Greene County Units 1 and 2 (200 MWs) and begin operating those units solely on natural gas no later than April 2016.
Mississippi Baseload Act
In 2008, the Baseload Act was signed by the Governor of Mississippi. The Baseload Act authorizes, but does not require, the Mississippi PSC to adopt a cost recovery mechanism that includes in retail base rates, prior to and during construction, all or a portion of the prudently-incurred pre-construction and construction costs incurred by a utility in constructing a base load electric generating plant. Prior to the passage of the Baseload Act, such costs would traditionally be recovered only after the plant was placed in service. The Baseload Act also provides for periodic prudence reviews by the Mississippi PSC and prohibits the cancellation of any such generating plant without the approval of the Mississippi PSC. In the event of cancellation of the construction of the plant without approval of the Mississippi PSC, the Baseload Act authorizes the Mississippi PSC to make a public interest determination as to whether and to what extent the utility will be afforded rate recovery for costs incurred in connection with such cancelled generating plant. In February 2015, the Mississippi Supreme Court declined to rule on the constitutionality of the Baseload Act.
For information regarding Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC, see MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein and Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" in Item 8 herein.
For information regarding the February 2015 decision of the Mississippi Supreme Court related to the Baseload Act and the rates implemented in March 2013, see Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court Decision" and Note 3 to the financial statements of Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle - 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court Decision" in Item 8 herein.
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The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time.
Employee Relations
The Southern Company system had a total of 26,369 employees on its payroll at December 31, 2014.
| Employees at December 31, 2014 | |
Alabama Power | 6,935 | |
Georgia Power | 7,909 | |
Gulf Power | 1,384 | |
Mississippi Power | 1,478 | |
SCS | 4,395 | |
Southern Nuclear | 4,036 | |
Southern Power* | 0 | |
Other | 232 | |
Total | 26,369 | |
* | Southern Power has no employees. Southern Power has agreements with SCS and the traditional operating companies whereby employee services are rendered at amounts in compliance with FERC regulations. |
The traditional operating companies have separate agreements with local unions of the IBEW generally covering wages, working conditions, and procedures for handling grievances and arbitration. These agreements apply with certain exceptions to operating, maintenance, and construction employees.
Alabama Power has agreements with the IBEW in effect through August 15, 2019. Upon notice given at least 60 days prior to that date, negotiations may be initiated with respect to agreement terms to be effective after such date.
Georgia Power has an agreement with the IBEW covering wages and working conditions, which is in effect through June 30, 2016.
Gulf Power has an agreement with the IBEW covering wages and working conditions, which is in effect through April 15, 2019. Upon notice given at least 60 days prior to that date, negotiations may be initiated with respect to agreement terms to be effective after such date.
Mississippi Power has an agreement with the IBEW covering wages and working conditions, which is in effect through May 1, 2019. In 2013, Mississippi Power signed a separate agreement with the IBEW related solely to the Kemper IGCC, which is in effect through March 15, 2016.
Southern Nuclear has an agreement with the IBEW covering certain employees at Plants Hatch and Vogtle which is in effect through June 30, 2016. A five-year agreement between Southern Nuclear and the IBEW representing certain employees at Plant Farley is in effect through August 15, 2019. Upon notice given at least 60 days prior to that date, negotiations may be initiated with respect to agreement terms to be effective after such date.
The agreements also make the terms of the pension plans for the companies discussed above subject to collective bargaining with the unions at either a five-year or a 10-year cycle, depending upon union and company actions.
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information in this Form 10-K, including MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL in Item 7 of each registrant, and other documents filed by Southern Company and/or its subsidiaries with the SEC from time to time, the following factors should be carefully considered in evaluating Southern Company and its subsidiaries. Such factors could affect actual results and cause results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Southern Company and/or its subsidiaries.
UTILITY REGULATORY, LEGISLATIVE, AND LITIGATION RISKS
Southern Company and its subsidiaries are subject to substantial governmental regulation. Compliance with current and future regulatory requirements and procurement of necessary approvals, permits, and certificates may result in substantial costs to Southern Company and its subsidiaries.
Southern Company and its subsidiaries, including the traditional operating companies and Southern Power, are subject to substantial regulation from federal, state, and local regulatory agencies. Southern Company and its subsidiaries are required to comply with numerous laws and regulations and to obtain numerous permits, approvals, and certificates from the governmental agencies that regulate various aspects of their businesses, including rates and charges, service regulations, retail service territories, sales of securities, asset acquisitions and sales, accounting policies and practices, physical security and cyber-security policies and practices, and the construction and operation of fossil-fuel, nuclear, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and biomass generating facilities, as well as transmission and distribution facilities. For example, the respective state PSCs must approve the traditional operating companies' requested rates for retail customers. The traditional operating companies seek to recover their costs (including a reasonable return on invested capital) through their retail rates, and there can be no assurance that a state PSC, in a future rate proceeding, will not alter the timing or amount of certain costs for which recovery is allowed or modify the current authorized rate of return. Additionally, the rates charged to wholesale customers by the traditional operating companies and by Southern Power must be approved by the FERC. These wholesale rates could be affected by changes to Southern Power's ability to conduct business pursuant to FERC market-based rate authority. The FERC rules related to retaining the authority to sell electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale markets are important for the traditional operating companies and Southern Power if they are to remain competitive in the wholesale markets in which they operate.
The impact of any future revision or changes in interpretations of existing regulations or the adoption of new laws and regulations applicable to Southern Company or any of its subsidiaries cannot now be predicted. Changes in regulation or the imposition of additional regulations could influence the operating environment of Southern Company and its subsidiaries and may result in substantial costs.
The Southern Company system's costs of compliance with environmental laws are significant. The costs of compliance with current and future environmental laws, including laws and regulations designed to address air quality, water, CCR, global climate change, renewable energy standards, and other matters and the incurrence of environmental liabilities could negatively impact the net income, cash flows, and financial condition of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and/or Southern Power.
The Southern Company system is subject to extensive federal, state, and local environmental requirements which, among other things, regulate air emissions, water usage and discharges, and the management and disposal of waste in order to adequately protect the environment. Compliance with these environmental requirements requires the traditional operating companies and Southern Power to commit significant expenditures for installation of pollution control equipment, environmental monitoring, emissions fees, and permits at substantially all of their respective facilities. Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power expect that these expenditures will continue to be significant in the future. Through December 31, 2014, the traditional operating companies had invested approximately $10.6 billion in environmental capital retrofit projects to comply with these requirements. The EPA has adopted and is in the process of implementing regulations governing the emission of nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter, mercury, and other air pollutants under the Clean Air Act through the national ambient air quality standards, CSAPR, the MATS rule, and other air quality regulations and is in the process of considering additional revisions. In addition, the EPA has recently finalized regulations governing cooling water intake structures and has proposed revisions to the effluent guidelines for steam electric generating plants and the definition of waters of the United States under the Clean Water Act. The EPA has also recently finalized regulations governing the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants.
Existing environmental laws and regulations may be revised or new laws and regulations related to air quality, water, CCR, global climate change, endangered species, or other environmental and health concerns may be adopted or become applicable to the traditional operating companies and/or Southern Power.
In addition, the EPA has published three sets of proposed standards that would limit CO 2 emissions from new, existing, and
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modified or reconstructed fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units. On January 8, 2014, the EPA published proposed standards for new units, and, on June 18, 2014, the EPA published proposed standards governing existing units, known as the Clean Power Plan, and separate standards governing CO 2 emissions from modified and reconstructed units. The EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan establishes guidelines for states to develop plans to address CO 2 emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired electric generating units. The EPA's proposed guidelines establish state-specific interim and final CO 2 emission rate goals to be achieved between 2020 and 2029 and in 2030 and thereafter. The proposed guidelines and standards could result in operational restrictions and material compliance costs, including capital expenditures, which could affect future unit retirement and replacement decisions.
The Southern Company system filed comments on the EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan on December 1, 2014. These comments addressed legal and technical issues in addition to providing a preliminary estimated cost of complying with the proposed guidelines utilizing one of the EPA's compliance scenarios. Costs associated with this proposal could be significant to the utility industry and the Southern Company system. However, the ultimate financial and operational impact of the proposed Clean Power Plan on the Southern Company system cannot be determined at this time and will depend upon numerous known and unknown factors.
The Southern Company system's ultimate environmental compliance strategy, including potential unit retirement and replacement decisions, and future environmental capital expenditures will be affected by the final requirements of new or revised environmental regulations; the time periods over which compliance with regulations is required; individual state implementation of regulations, as applicable; the outcome of any legal challenges to the environmental rules and any additional rulemaking activities in response to legal challenges and court decisions; the cost, availability, and existing inventory of emissions allowances; the impact of future changes in generation and emissions-related technology and costs; and the fuel mix of the electric utilities. Compliance costs may arise from existing unit retirements, installation of additional environmental controls, upgrades to the transmission system, closure and monitoring of CCR facilities, and adding or changing fuel sources for certain existing units. Environmental compliance spending over the next several years may differ materially from the amounts estimated. Such expenditures could affect unit retirement and replacement decisions and results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition if such costs are not recovered on a timely basis through regulated rates or long-term wholesale agreements for the traditional operating companies or market-based rates for Southern Power. Further, higher costs that are recovered through regulated rates could contribute to reduced demand for electricity, which could negatively affect results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. Additionally, if Southern Company, any traditional operating company, or Southern Power fails to comply with environmental laws and regulations, even if caused by factors beyond its control, that failure may result in the assessment of civil or criminal penalties and fines and/or remediation costs. The EPA has filed civil actions against Alabama Power and Georgia Power and issued notices of violation to Gulf Power and Mississippi Power alleging violations of the new source review provisions of the Clean Air Act. An adverse outcome in any of these matters could require substantial capital expenditures that cannot be determined at this time and could possibly require payment of substantial penalties.
Litigation over environmental issues and claims of various types, including property damage, personal injury, common law nuisance, and citizen enforcement of environmental requirements such as air quality and water standards, has occurred throughout the United States. This litigation has included claims for damages alleged to have been caused by CO 2 and other emissions, CCR, and alleged exposure to hazardous materials, and/or requests for injunctive relief in connection with such matters.
The ultimate cost impact of proposed and final legislation and regulations and litigation are likely to result in significant and additional costs and could result in additional operating restrictions.
The net income of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power could be negatively impacted by changes in regulations related to transmission planning processes and competition in the wholesale electric markets.
The traditional operating companies currently own and operate transmission facilities as part of a vertically integrated utility. A small percentage of transmission revenues are collected through the wholesale electric tariff but the majority of transmission revenues are collected through retail rates. FERC rules pertaining to regional transmission planning and cost allocation present challenges to transmission planning and the wholesale market structure in the Southeast. The key impacts of these rules include:
• | possible disruption of the integrated resource planning processes within the states in the Southern Company system's service territory; |
• | delays and additional processes for developing transmission plans; and |
• | possible impacts on state jurisdiction of approving, certifying, and pricing of new transmission facilities. |
The FERC rules related to transmission are intended to spur the development of new transmission infrastructure to promote and
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encourage the integration of renewable sources of supply as well as facilitate competition in the wholesale market by providing more choices to wholesale power customers. In addition to the impacts on transactions contemplating physical delivery of energy, financial laws and regulations also impact power hedging and trading based on futures contracts and derivatives that are traded on various commodities exchanges as well as over-the-counter. Finally, technology changes in the power and fuel industries continue to create significant impacts to wholesale transaction cost structures. Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power cannot predict the impact of these and other such developments, nor can they predict the effect of changes in levels of wholesale supply and demand, which are typically driven by factors beyond their control. The financial condition, net income, and cash flows of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power could be adversely affected by these and other changes.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power could be subject to higher costs as a result of implementing and maintaining compliance with the North American Electric Reliability Corporation mandatory reliability standards along with possible associated penalties for non-compliance.
Owners and operators of bulk power systems, including the traditional operating companies, are subject to mandatory reliability standards enacted by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation and enforced by the FERC. Compliance with or changes in the mandatory reliability standards may subject the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and Southern Company to higher operating costs and/or increased capital expenditures. If any traditional operating company or Southern Power is found to be in noncompliance with the mandatory reliability standards, such traditional operating company or Southern Power could be subject to sanctions, including substantial monetary penalties.
OPERATIONAL RISKS
The financial performance of Southern Company and its subsidiaries may be adversely affected if the subsidiaries are unable to successfully operate their facilities or perform certain corporate functions.
The financial performance of Southern Company and its subsidiaries depends on the successful operation of its subsidiaries' electric generating, transmission, and distribution facilities and the successful performance of necessary corporate functions. There are many risks that could affect these operations and performance of corporate functions, including:
• | operator error or failure of equipment or processes, particularly with older generating facilities; |
• | operating limitations that may be imposed by environmental or other regulatory requirements; |
• | labor disputes; |
• | terrorist attacks; |
• | fuel or material supply interruptions; |
• | transmission disruption or capacity constraints, including with respect to the Southern Company system's transmission facilities and third party transmission facilities; |
• | compliance with mandatory reliability standards, including mandatory cyber security standards; |
• | implementation of technologies with which the Southern Company system is developing experience; |
• | information technology system failure; |
• | cyber intrusion; |
• | an environmental event, such as a spill or release; and |
• | catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, pandemic health events such as influenzas, or other similar occurrences. |
A decrease or elimination of revenues from the electric generation, transmission, or distribution facilities or an increase in the cost of operating the facilities would reduce the net income and cash flows and could adversely impact the financial condition of the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and of Southern Company. In addition, an investment in a subsidiary with such generation, transmission, or distribution facilities could be adversely impacted.
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Operation of nuclear facilities involves inherent risks, including environmental, safety, health, regulatory, natural disasters, terrorism, and financial risks, that could result in fines or the closure of the nuclear units owned by Alabama Power or Georgia Power and which may present potential exposures in excess of insurance coverage.
Alabama Power owns, and contracts for the operation of, two nuclear units and Georgia Power holds undivided interests in, and contracts for the operation of, four existing nuclear units. The six existing units are operated by Southern Nuclear and represent approximately 3,680 MWs, or 7.9%, of the Southern Company system's generation capacity as of December 31, 2014. In addition, these units generated approximately 23% and 22% of the total KWHs generated by Alabama Power and Georgia Power, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2014. In addition, Southern Nuclear, on behalf of Georgia Power and the other co-owners, is overseeing the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. Due solely to the increase in nuclear generating capacity, the below risks are expected to increase incrementally once Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 are operational. Nuclear facilities are subject to environmental, safety, health, operational, and financial risks such as:
• | the potential harmful effects on the environment and human health and safety resulting from a release of radioactive materials in connection with the operation of nuclear facilities and the storage, handling, and disposal of radioactive material, including spent nuclear fuel; |
• | uncertainties with respect to the ability to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and the need for longer term on-site storage; |
• | uncertainties with respect to the technological and financial aspects of decommissioning nuclear plants at the end of licensed lives and the ability to maintain and anticipate adequate capital reserves for decommissioning; |
• | limitations on the amounts and types of insurance commercially available to cover losses that might arise in connection with the nuclear operations of Alabama Power and Georgia Power or those of other commercial nuclear facility owners in the United States; |
• | potential liabilities arising out of the operation of these facilities; |
• | significant capital expenditures relating to maintenance, operation, security, and repair of these facilities, including repairs and upgrades required by the NRC; |
• | the threat of a possible terrorist attack, including a potential cyber security attack; and |
• | the potential impact of an accident or natural disaster. |
It is possible that damages, decommissioning, or other costs could exceed the amount of decommissioning trusts or external insurance coverage, including statutorily required nuclear incident insurance.
The NRC has broad authority under federal law to impose licensing and safety-related requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities. In the event of non-compliance with NRC licensing and safety-related requirements, the NRC has the authority to impose fines and/or shut down any unit, depending upon its assessment of the severity of the situation, until compliance is achieved. NRC orders or regulations related to increased security measures and any future safety requirements promulgated by the NRC could require Alabama Power and Georgia Power to make substantial operating and capital expenditures at their nuclear plants. In addition, if a serious nuclear incident were to occur, it could result in substantial costs to Alabama Power or Georgia Power and Southern Company. A major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world could cause the NRC to limit, prohibit, or require significant changes to the operation or licensing of any domestic nuclear unit that could result in substantial costs. Moreover, a major incident at any nuclear facility in the United States, including facilities owned and operated by third parties, could require Alabama Power and Georgia Power to make material contributory payments.
In addition, potential terrorist threats and increased public scrutiny of utilities could result in increased nuclear licensing or compliance costs that are difficult to predict.
Physical or cyber attacks, both threatened and actual, could impact the ability of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power to operate and could adversely affect financial results and liquidity.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power face the risk of physical and cyber attacks, both threatened and actual, against their respective generation facilities, the transmission and distribution infrastructure used to transport power, and their information technology systems and network infrastructure, which could negatively impact the ability of the traditional operating companies or Southern Power to generate, transport, and deliver power, or otherwise operate their respective facilities in the most efficient manner or at all. In addition, physical or cyber attacks against key suppliers or service providers could have a similar effect on Southern Company and its subsidiaries.
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The traditional operating companies and Southern Power operate in a highly regulated industry that requires the continued operation of sophisticated information technology systems and network infrastructure, which are part of an interconnected regional grid. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, the traditional operating companies and Southern Power collect and retain sensitive information including personal identification information about customers and employees and other confidential information. The traditional operating companies and Southern Power face on-going threats to their assets. Despite the implementation of robust security measures, all assets are potentially vulnerable to disability, failures, or unauthorized access due to human error, natural disasters, technological failure, or internal or external physical or cyber attacks. If the traditional operating companies' or Southern Power's assets were to fail, be physically damaged, or be breached and were not recovered in a timely way, the traditional operating companies or Southern Power may be unable to fulfill critical business functions, and sensitive and other data could be compromised. Any physical security breach, cyber breach or theft, damage, or improper disclosure of sensitive electronic data may also subject the applicable traditional operating company or Southern Power to penalties and claims from regulators or other third parties.
These events could harm the reputation of and negatively affect the financial results of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power through lost revenues, costs to recover and repair damage, and costs associated with governmental actions in response to such attacks.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power may not be able to obtain adequate fuel supplies, which could limit their ability to operate their facilities.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power purchase fuel, including coal, natural gas, uranium, fuel oil, and biomass, from a number of suppliers. Disruption in the delivery of fuel, including disruptions as a result of, among other things, transportation delays, weather, labor relations, force majeure events, or environmental regulations affecting any of these fuel suppliers, could limit the ability of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power to operate their respective facilities, and thus reduce the net income of the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and Southern Company.
The traditional operating companies are dependent on coal for a portion of their electric generating capacity. The traditional operating companies depend on coal supply contracts, and there can be no assurance that the counterparties to these agreements will fulfill their obligations to supply coal to the traditional operating companies. The suppliers under these agreements may experience financial or technical problems which inhibit their ability to fulfill their obligations to the traditional operating companies. In addition, the suppliers under these agreements may not be required to supply coal to the traditional operating companies under certain circumstances, such as in the event of a natural disaster. If the traditional operating companies are unable to obtain their coal requirements under these contracts, the traditional operating companies may be required to purchase their coal requirements at higher prices, which may not be recoverable through rates.
In addition, the traditional operating companies and Southern Power to a greater extent have become more dependent on natural gas for a portion of their electric generating capacity. In many instances, the cost of purchased power for the traditional operating companies and Southern Power is influenced by natural gas prices. Historically, natural gas prices have been more volatile than prices of other fuels. In recent years, domestic natural gas prices have been depressed by robust supplies, including production from shale gas. These market conditions, together with additional regulation of coal-fired generating units, have increased the traditional operating companies' reliance on natural gas-fired generating units.
Natural gas supplies can be subject to disruption in the event production or distribution is curtailed, such as in the event of a hurricane or a pipeline failure. The availability of shale gas and potential regulations affecting its accessibility may have a material impact on the supply and cost of natural gas.
In addition, world market conditions for fuels can impact the cost and availability of natural gas, coal, and uranium.
The revenues of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power depend in part on sales under PPAs. The failure of a counterparty to one of these PPAs to perform its obligations, or the failure to renew the PPAs or successfully remarket the related generating capacity, could have a negative impact on the net income and cash flows of the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and of Southern Company.
Most of Southern Power's generating capacity has been sold to purchasers under PPAs. In addition, the traditional operating companies enter into PPAs with non-affiliated parties. Revenues are dependent on the continued performance by the purchasers of their obligations under these PPAs. The failure of one of the purchasers to perform its obligations could have a negative impact on the net income and cash flows of the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and of Southern Company. Although the credit evaluations undertaken and contractual protections implemented by Southern Power and the traditional operating companies take into account the possibility of default by a purchaser, actual exposure to a default by a purchaser may be greater than predicted or specified in the applicable contract. Additionally, neither Southern Power nor any traditional operating company can predict whether the PPAs will be renewed at the end of their respective terms or on what terms any renewals may be made.
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Changes in technology may make Southern Company's electric generating facilities owned by the traditional operating companies and Southern Power less competitive.
A key element of the business models of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power is that generating power at central station power plants achieves economies of scale and produces power at a competitive cost. There are distributed generation technologies that produce power, including fuel cells, microturbines, wind turbines, and solar cells. Advances in technology or changes in laws or regulations could reduce the cost of these or other alternative methods of producing power to a level that is competitive with that of most central station power electric production or result in smaller-scale, more fuel efficient, and/or more cost effective distributed generation. Broader use of distributed generation by retail electric customers may also result from customers' changing perceptions of the merits of utilizing existing generation technology or tax or other economic incentives. Additionally, there can be no assurance that a state PSC or legislature will not attempt to modify certain aspects of the traditional operating companies' business as a result of these advances in technology. If these technologies became cost competitive and achieved sufficient scale, the market share of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power could be eroded, and the value of their respective electric generating facilities could be reduced. It is also possible that rapid advances in central station power generation technology could reduce the value of the current electric generating facilities owned by the traditional operating companies and Southern Power. Changes in technology could also alter the channels through which electric customers buy or utilize power, which could reduce the revenues or increase the expenses of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power. If state PSCs fail to adjust rates to reflect the impact of any changes in loads, increasing self-generation, and the growth of distributed generation, the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of Southern Company and the traditional operating companies could be materially adversely affected.
Failure to attract and retain an appropriately qualified workforce could negatively impact Southern Company's and its subsidiaries' results of operations.
Events such as an aging workforce without appropriate replacements, mismatch of skill sets to future needs, or unavailability of contract resources may lead to operating challenges such as lack of resources, loss of knowledge, and a lengthy time period associated with skill development, especially with the workforce needs associated with the Kemper IGCC and Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 construction. The Southern Company system's costs, including costs for contractors to replace employees, productivity costs, and safety costs, may rise. Failure to hire and adequately obtain replacement employees, including the ability to transfer significant internal historical knowledge and expertise to the new employees, or the future availability and cost of contract labor may adversely affect Southern Company and its subsidiaries' ability to manage and operate their businesses. If Southern Company and its subsidiaries, including the traditional operating companies, are unable to successfully attract and retain an appropriately qualified workforce, results of operations could be negatively impacted.
CONSTRUCTION RISKS
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and/or Southern Power may incur additional costs or delays in the construction of new plants or other facilities and may not be able to recover their investments. Also, existing facilities of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power require ongoing capital expenditures, including those to meet environmental standards.
General
The businesses of the registrants require substantial capital expenditures for investments in new facilities and capital improvements to transmission, distribution, and generation facilities, including those to meet environmental standards. Certain of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power are in the process of constructing new generating facilities and adding environmental controls equipment at existing generating facilities. The Southern Company system intends to continue its strategy of developing and constructing other new facilities, expanding existing facilities, and adding environmental control equipment. These types of projects are long-term in nature and in some cases include the development and construction of facilities with designs that have not been finalized or previously constructed. The completion of these types of projects without delays or significant cost overruns is subject to substantial risks, including:
• | shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor; |
• | labor costs and productivity; |
• | work stoppages; |
• | contractor or supplier delay or non-performance under construction or other agreements or non-performance by other major participants in construction projects; |
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• | delays in or failure to receive necessary permits, approvals, tax credits, and other regulatory authorizations; |
• | delays associated with start-up activities, including major equipment failure, system integration, and operations, and/or unforeseen engineering problems; |
• | impacts of new and existing laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations; |
• | the outcome of legal challenges to projects, including legal challenges to regulatory approvals; |
• | failure to construct in accordance with licensing requirements; |
• | continued public and policymaker support for such projects; |
• | adverse weather conditions or natural disasters; |
• | other unforeseen engineering problems; |
• | changes in project design or scope; |
• | environmental and geological conditions; |
• | delays or increased costs to interconnect facilities to transmission grids; and |
• | unanticipated cost increases, including materials and labor, and increased financing costs as a result of changes in market interest rates or as a result of construction schedule delays. |
In addition, with respect to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and the operation of existing nuclear units, a major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world could cause the NRC to delay or prohibit construction of new nuclear units or require additional safety measures at new and existing units.
If a traditional operating company or Southern Power is unable to complete the development or construction of a facility or decides to delay or cancel construction of a facility, it may not be able to recover its investment in that facility and may incur substantial cancellation payments under equipment purchase orders or construction contracts. Even if a construction project is completed, the total costs may be higher than estimated and there is no assurance that the traditional operating company will be able to recover such expenditures through regulated rates. In addition, construction delays and contractor performance shortfalls can result in the loss of revenues and may, in turn, adversely affect the net income and financial position of a traditional operating company or Southern Power and of Southern Company.
Construction delays could result in the loss of otherwise available investment tax credits, production tax credits, and other tax incentives. Furthermore, if construction projects are not completed according to specification, a traditional operating company or Southern Power and Southern Company may incur liabilities and suffer reduced plant efficiency, higher operating costs, and reduced net income.
Once facilities come into commercial operation, ongoing capital expenditures are required to maintain reliable levels of operation. Significant portions of the traditional operating companies' existing facilities were constructed many years ago. Older generation equipment, even if maintained in accordance with good engineering practices, may require significant capital expenditures to maintain efficiency, to comply with changing environmental requirements, or to provide reliable operations.
The two largest construction projects currently underway in the Southern Company system are the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and the Kemper IGCC.
Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 construction
Southern Nuclear, on behalf of Georgia Power and the other co-owners, is overseeing the construction of and will operate Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 (each, an approximately 1,100 MW AP1000 nuclear generating unit). Georgia Power owns 45.7% of the new units. The NRC certified the Westinghouse Electric Company LLC's Design Control Document, as amended (DCD), for the AP1000 nuclear reactor design, in late 2011, and issued combined COLs in early 2012. Receipt of the COLs allowed full construction to begin. There have been technical and procedural challenges to the construction and licensing of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, at the federal and state level, and additional challenges are expected as construction proceeds.
Georgia Power, OPC, MEAG Power, and Dalton (collectively, Vogtle Owners) and Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Westinghouse) and Stone & Webster, Inc., a subsidiary of the Shaw Group Inc., which was acquired by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. (collectively, Contractor) are involved in litigation regarding the costs associated with design changes to the DCD and the delays in the timing of approval of the DCD and issuance of the COLs, including the assertion by the Contractor
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that the Vogtle Owners are responsible for these costs under the terms of the agreement with the Contractor (Vogtle 3 and 4 Agreement). Also in 2012, Georgia Power and the other Vogtle Owners filed suit against the Contractor in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia seeking a declaratory judgment that the Vogtle Owners are not responsible for these costs. In 2012, the Contractor also filed suit against Georgia Power and the other Vogtle Owners in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging the Vogtle Owners are responsible for these costs. In August 2013, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia dismissed the Contractor's suit, ruling that the proper venue is the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia. The Contractor appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in September 2013. The portion of additional costs claimed by the Contractor in its initial complaint that would be attributable to Georgia Power (based on Georgia Power's ownership interest) is approximately $425 million (in 2008 dollars). The Contractor also asserted it is entitled to extensions of the guaranteed substantial completion dates of April 2016 and April 2017 for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, respectively. On May 22, 2014, the Contractor filed an amended counterclaim to the suit pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia alleging that (i) the design changes to the DCD imposed by the NRC delayed module production and the impacts to the Contractor are recoverable by the Contractor under the Vogtle 3 and 4 Agreement and (ii) the changes to the basemat rebar design required by the NRC caused additional costs and delays recoverable by the Contractor under the Vogtle 3 and 4 Agreement. The Contractor did not specify in its amended counterclaim the amounts relating to these new allegations; however, the Contractor has subsequently asserted related minimum damages (based on Georgia Power's ownership interest) of $113 million. The Contractor may from time to time continue to assert that it is entitled to additional payments with respect to these allegations, any of which could be substantial. Georgia Power has not agreed to the proposed cost or to any changes to the guaranteed substantial completion dates or that the Vogtle Owners have any responsibility for costs related to these issues. Litigation is ongoing and Georgia Power intends to vigorously defend the positions of the Vogtle Owners. Georgia Power also expects negotiations with the Contractor to continue with respect to cost and schedule during which negotiations the parties may reach a mutually acceptable compromise of their positions.
Georgia Power is required to file semi-annual Vogtle Construction Monitoring (VCM) reports with the Georgia PSC by February 28 and August 31 each year. If the projected certified construction capital costs to be borne by Georgia Power increase by 5% or the projected in-service dates are significantly extended, Georgia Power is required to seek an amendment to the Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 certificate from the Georgia PSC. Georgia Power's eighth VCM report filed in February 2013 requested an amendment to the certificate to increase the estimated in-service capital cost of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 from $4.4 billion to $4.8 billion and to extend the estimated in-service dates to the fourth quarter 2017 and the fourth quarter 2018 for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, respectively.
In September 2013, the Georgia PSC approved a stipulation (2013 Stipulation) entered into by Georgia Power and the Georgia PSC staff to waive the requirement to amend the Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 certificate, until the completion of Plant Vogtle Unit 3, or earlier if deemed appropriate by the Georgia PSC and Georgia Power. In accordance with the Georgia Integrated Resource Planning Act, any costs incurred by Georgia Power in excess of the certified amount will be included in rate base, provided Georgia Power shows the costs to be reasonable and prudent. In addition, financing costs on any construction-related costs in excess of the certified amount likely would be subject to recovery through AFUDC instead of the Nuclear Construction Cost Recovery tariff.
The Georgia PSC has approved eleven VCM reports covering the periods through June 30, 2014, including construction capital costs incurred, which through that date totaled $2.8 billion.
On January 29, 2015, Georgia Power announced that it was notified by the Contractor of the Contractor's revised forecast for completion of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, which would incrementally delay the previously disclosed estimated in-service dates by 18 months (from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the second quarter of 2019 for Unit 3 and from the fourth quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2020 for Unit 4). Georgia Power has not agreed to any changes to the guaranteed substantial completion dates of April 2016 and April 2017 for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, respectively. Georgia Power does not believe that the Contractor's revised forecast reflects all efforts that may be possible to mitigate the Contractor's delay.
In addition, Georgia Power believes that, pursuant to the Vogtle 3 and 4 Agreement, the Contractor is responsible for the Contractor's costs related to the Contractor's delay (including any related construction and mitigation costs, which could be material) and that the Vogtle Owners are entitled to recover liquidated damages for the Contractor's delay beyond the guaranteed substantial completion dates of April 2016 and April 2017 for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, respectively. Consistent with the Contractor's position in the pending litigation described above, Georgia Power expects the Contractor to contest any claims for liquidated damages and to assert that the Vogtle Owners are responsible for additional costs related to the Contractor's delay. The Contractor's liability to the Vogtle Owners for schedule and performance liquidated damages and warranty claims is subject to a cap. In addition, the Vogtle 3 and 4 Agreement provides for limited cost sharing by the Vogtle Owners for Contractor costs under certain conditions (which have not occurred), with maximum additional capital costs under this provision attributable to Georgia Power (based on Georgia Power's ownership interest) of approximately $114 million.
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On February 27, 2015, Georgia Power filed its twelfth VCM report with the Georgia PSC covering the period from July 1 through December 31, 2014, which requests approval for an additional $0.2 billion of construction capital costs incurred during that period and reflects the Contractor's revised forecast for completion of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 as well as additional estimated owner-related costs of approximately $10 million per month expected to result from the Contractor's proposed 18-month delay, including property taxes, oversight costs, compliance costs, and other operational readiness costs. No Contractor costs related to the Contractor's proposed 18-month delay are included in the twelfth VCM report. Additionally, while Georgia Power has not agreed to any change to the guaranteed substantial completion dates, the twelfth VCM report includes a requested amendment to the Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 certificate to reflect the Contractor's revised forecast, to include the estimated owner's costs associated with the proposed 18-month Contractor delay, and to increase the estimated total in-service capital cost of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 to $5.0 billion.
Georgia Power will continue to incur financing costs of approximately $30 million per month until Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 are placed in service. The twelfth VCM report estimates total associated financing costs during the construction period to be approximately $2.5 billion.
Processes are in place that are designed to assure compliance with the requirements specified in the DCD and the COLs, including inspections by Southern Nuclear and the NRC that occur throughout construction. As a result of such compliance processes, certain license amendment requests have been filed and approved or are pending before the NRC. Various design and other licensing-based compliance issues are expected to arise as construction proceeds, which may result in additional license amendments or require other resolution. If any license amendment requests or other licensing-based compliance issues are not resolved in a timely manner, there may be delays in the project schedule that could result in increased costs either to the Vogtle Owners or the Contractor or to both.
As construction continues, the risk remains that ongoing challenges with Contractor performance including additional challenges in its fabrication, assembly, delivery, and installation of the shield building and structural modules, delays in the receipt of the remaining permits necessary for the operation of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, or other issues could arise and may further impact project schedule and cost. In addition, the IRS allocated production tax credits to each of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, which require the applicable unit to be placed in service before 2021. Additional claims by the Contractor or Georgia Power (on behalf of the Vogtle Owners) are also likely to arise throughout construction. These claims may be resolved through formal and informal dispute resolution procedures under the engineering, procurement, and construction agreement for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, but also may be resolved through litigation.
Kemper IGCC construction
In 2012, the Mississippi PSC issued a detailed order confirming the CPCN originally approved by the Mississippi PSC in 2010 authorizing the acquisition, construction, and operation of the Kemper IGCC (2012 MPSC CPCN Order). The 2012 MPSC CPCN Order included a certificated cost estimate of $2.4 billion, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions described below, and approved a construction cost cap of up to $2.88 billion, with recovery of prudently-incurred costs subject to approval by the Mississippi PSC. As discussed below, the 2013 Settlement Agreement, among other things, established processes for resolving matters regarding cost recovery (both during construction and startup and following commercial operation of the Kemper IGCC), including the treatment of costs in excess of the $2.88 billion cost cap.
The Kemper IGCC was originally projected to be placed in service in May 2014. Mississippi Power placed the combined cycle and the associated common facilities portion of the Kemper IGCC in service on natural gas on August 9, 2014 and continues to focus on completing the remainder of the Kemper IGCC, including the gasifier and the gas clean-up facilities, for which the in-service date is currently expected to occur in the first half of 2016.
Mississippi Power does not intend to seek any rate recovery or joint owner contributions for any costs related to the construction of the Kemper IGCC that exceed the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the cost of the lignite mine and equipment, the cost of the CO 2 pipeline facilities, AFUDC, and certain general exceptions, including change of law, force majeure, and beneficial capital (which exists when Mississippi Power demonstrates that the purpose and effect of the construction cost increase is to produce efficiencies that will result in a neutral or favorable effect on customers relative to the original proposal for the CPCN) (Cost Cap Exceptions). Through December 31, 2014, Southern Company and Mississippi Power recorded pre-tax charges to income as a result of increases to the cost estimate of $2.05 billion ($1.26 billion after tax). Primarily as a result of these charges, Mississippi Power incurred net losses after dividends on preferred stock of $328.7 million and $476.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The current estimate includes costs through March 31, 2016. Any further extension of the in-service date is currently estimated to result in additional base costs of approximately $25 million to $30 million per month, which includes maintaining necessary levels of start-up labor, materials, and fuel, as well as operational resources required to execute start-up and commissioning activities. Any further extension of the in-service date with respect to the Kemper IGCC would also increase costs for the Cost Cap Exceptions, which are not
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subject to the $2.88 billion cost cap established by the Mississippi PSC. These costs include AFUDC, which is currently estimated to total approximately $13 million per month, as well as carrying costs and operating expenses on Kemper IGCC assets placed in service and consulting and legal fees, which are being deferred as regulatory assets and are estimated to total approximately $7 million per month.
Any further cost increases and/or extensions of the in-service date with respect to the Kemper IGCC may result from factors including, but not limited to, labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities for this first-of-a-kind technology (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by the Mississippi PSC). In subsequent periods, any further changes in the estimated costs to complete construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC subject to the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions, will be reflected in Southern Company's and Mississippi Power's statements of income and these changes could be material.
Under the 2013 Settlement Agreement, Mississippi Power agreed to limit the portion of prudently-incurred Kemper IGCC costs to be included in retail rate base to the $2.4 billion certificated cost estimate, plus the Cost Cap Exceptions, but excluding AFUDC, and any other costs permitted or determined to be excluded from the $2.88 billion cost cap by the Mississippi PSC. The 2013 Settlement Agreement also allowed Mississippi Power to secure alternate financing for costs not otherwise recovered in any Mississippi PSC rate proceedings contemplated by the 2013 Settlement Agreement.
Legislation to authorize a multi-year rate plan and legislation to provide for alternate financing through securitization of up to $1.0 billion of prudently-incurred costs was enacted into law in February 2013. Mississippi Power's intent under the 2013 Settlement Agreement was to securitize (1) prudently-incurred costs in excess of the certificated cost estimate and up to the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions, (2) accrued AFUDC, and (3) other prudently-incurred costs, which include carrying costs from the estimated in-service date until securitization is finalized and other costs not included in the Rate Mitigation Plan (described below) as approved by the Mississippi PSC.
Consistent with the terms of the 2013 Settlement Agreement, in March 2013, the Mississippi PSC issued a rate order (2013 MPSC Rate Order), approving retail rate increases of 15% effective March 19, 2013 and 3% effective January 1, 2014, which collectively were designed to collect $156 million annually beginning in 2014. For the period from March 2013 through December 31, 2014, $257.2 million had been collected primarily to be used to mitigate customer rate impacts after the Kemper IGCC is placed in service.
On August 18, 2014, Mississippi Power provided the Mississippi PSC with an analysis of the costs and benefits of placing the combined cycle and the associated common facilities portion of the Kemper IGCC in service, including the expected accounting treatment. Mississippi Power's analysis requested, among other things, confirmation by the Mississippi PSC of the continued collection of rates as prescribed by the 2013 MPSC Rate Order, with the current recognition as revenue of the related equity return on all assets placed in service and the deferral of all remaining rate collections under the 2013 MPSC Rate Order to a regulatory liability account. As discussed further below, a February 2015 decision of the Mississippi Supreme Court would discontinue the collection of, and require the refund of, all amounts previously collected under the 2013 MPSC Rate Order.
In addition, Mississippi Power's August 18, 2014 filing with the Mississippi PSC requested confirmation of Mississippi Power's accounting treatment by the Mississippi PSC of the continued accrual of AFUDC through the in-service date of the remainder of the Kemper IGCC and the deferral of operating costs as regulatory assets. Any action by the Mississippi PSC that is inconsistent with the treatment requested by Mississippi Power could have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity of Mississippi Power and Southern Company.
Also consistent with the 2013 Settlement Agreement, Mississippi Power has filed with the Mississippi PSC a rate recovery plan for the Kemper IGCC for cost recovery through 2020 (Rate Mitigation Plan), which is still under review by the Mississippi PSC. The revenue requirements set forth in the Rate Mitigation Plan assume the sale of a 15% undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA and utilization of bonus depreciation, which currently requires that the related long-term asset be placed in service in 2015.
On February 12, 2015, the Mississippi Supreme Court (Court) issued its decision in the legal challenge to the 2013 MPSC Rate Order filed by Thomas A. Blanton. The Court reversed the 2013 MPSC Rate Order based on, among other things, its findings that (1) the collection of $156 million annually to be set aside in a regulatory liability account for use in mitigating future rate impacts for customers (Mirror CWIP) was not provided for under the Baseload Act and (2) the Mississippi PSC should have determined the prudence of Kemper IGCC costs before approving rate recovery through the 2013 MPSC Rate Order. The Court also found the 2013 Settlement Agreement unenforceable due to a lack of public notice for the related proceedings. The Court's ruling remands the matter to the Mississippi PSC to (1) fix by order the rates that were in existence prior to the 2013 MPSC
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Rate Order, (2) fix no rate increases until the Mississippi PSC is in compliance with the Court's ruling, and (3) enter an order refunding amounts collected under the 2013 MPSC Rate Order. Through December 31, 2014, Mississippi Power had collected $257.2 million through rates under the 2013 MPSC Rate Order. Any required refunds would also include carrying costs. The Court's decision will become legally effective upon the issuance of a mandate to the Mississippi PSC. Absent specific instruction from the Court, the Mississippi PSC will determine the method and timing of the refund. Mississippi Power is reviewing the Court's decision and expects to file a motion for rehearing which would stay the Court's mandate until either the case is reheard and decided or seven days after the Court issues its order denying Mississippi Power's request for rehearing. Mississippi Power is also evaluating its regulatory options.
To the extent that refunds of amounts collected under the 2013 MPSC Rate Order are required on a schedule different from the amortization schedule proposed in the Rate Mitigation Plan, the customer billing impacts proposed under the Rate Mitigation Plan would no longer be viable.
In the event that the Mirror CWIP regulatory liability is refunded to customers prior to the in-service date of the Kemper IGCC and is, therefore, not available to mitigate rate impacts under the Rate Mitigation Plan, the Mississippi PSC does not approve a refund schedule that facilitates rate mitigation, or Mississippi Power withdraws the Rate Mitigation Plan, Mississippi Power would seek rate recovery through alternate means, which could include a traditional rate case.
In addition to current estimated costs at December 31, 2014 of $6.20 billion, Mississippi Power anticipates that it will incur additional costs after the Kemper IGCC in-service date until the Kemper IGCC cost recovery approach is finalized. These costs include, but are not limited to, regulatory costs and additional carrying costs which could be material. Recovery of these costs would be subject to approval by the Mississippi PSC.
The Mississippi PSC's review of Kemper IGCC costs is ongoing. On August 5, 2014, the Mississippi PSC ordered that a consolidated prudence determination of all Kemper IGCC costs be completed after the entire project has been placed in service and has demonstrated availability for a reasonable period of time as determined by the Mississippi PSC and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff. The Mississippi PSC has encouraged the parties to work in good faith to settle contested issues and Mississippi Power is working to reach a mutually acceptable resolution. As a result of the Court's decision, Mississippi Power intends to request that the Mississippi PSC reconsider its prudence review schedule.
Mississippi Power expects the Mississippi PSC to include operational parameters in its evaluation of the Rate Mitigation Plan and other related proceedings during the operation of the Kemper IGCC. To the extent the Kemper IGCC does not satisfy the operational parameters ultimately adopted by the Mississippi PSC or Mississippi Power incurs additional costs in order to satisfy such parameters, there could be a material adverse effect on Southern Company's and Mississippi Power's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
In addition, any failure to place the Kemper IGCC in-service by April 15, 2016 or to capture and sequester (via enhanced oil recovery) at least 65% of the carbon dioxide produced by the Kemper IGCC during operations in accordance with IRS requirements would result in the loss of Phase II tax credits that have been allocated to the Kemper IGCC. Through December 31, 2014, Southern Company and Mississippi Power have recorded tax benefits totaling $276 million, of which approximately $210 million have been utilized through that date.
The ultimate outcome of these matters, including the resolution of legal challenges, determinations of prudency, and the specific manner of recovery of prudently-incurred costs, is subject to further regulatory actions and cannot be determined at this time.
FINANCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND MARKET RISKS
The generation operations and energy marketing operations of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are subject to risks, many of which are beyond their control, including changes in power prices and fuel costs, that may reduce Southern Company's, the traditional operating companies', and/or Southern Power's revenues and increase costs.
The generation operations and energy marketing operations of the Southern Company system are subject to changes in power prices and fuel costs, which could increase the cost of producing power or decrease the amount received from the sale of power. The market prices for these commodities may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time. Among the factors that could influence power prices and fuel costs are:
• | prevailing market prices for coal, natural gas, uranium, fuel oil, biomass, and other fuels used in the generation facilities of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power, including associated transportation costs, and supplies of such commodities; |
• | demand for energy and the extent of additional supplies of energy available from current or new competitors; |
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• | liquidity in the general wholesale electricity market; |
• | weather conditions impacting demand for electricity; |
• | seasonality; |
• | transmission or transportation constraints, disruptions, or inefficiencies; |
• | availability of competitively priced alternative energy sources; |
• | forced or unscheduled plant outages for the Southern Company system, its competitors, or third party providers; |
• | the financial condition of market participants; |
• | the economy in the service territory, the nation, and worldwide, including the impact of economic conditions on demand for electricity and the demand for fuels; |
• | natural disasters, wars, embargos, acts of terrorism, and other catastrophic events; and |
• | federal, state, and foreign energy and environmental regulation and legislation. |
Certain of these factors could increase the expenses of the traditional operating companies or Southern Power and Southern Company. For the traditional operating companies, such increases may not be fully recoverable through rates. Other of these factors could reduce the revenues of the traditional operating companies or Southern Power and Southern Company.
Historically, the traditional operating companies from time to time have experienced underrecovered fuel cost balances and may experience such balances in the future. While the traditional operating companies are generally authorized to recover underrecovered fuel costs through fuel cost recovery clauses, recovery may be denied if costs are deemed to be imprudently incurred, and delays in the authorization of such recovery could negatively impact the cash flows of the affected traditional operating company and Southern Company.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are subject to risks associated with a changing economic environment, customer behaviors, and adoption patterns of technologies by the customers of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power.
The consumption and use of energy are fundamentally linked to economic activity. This relationship is affected over time by changes in the economy, customer behaviors, and technologies. Any economic downturn could negatively impact customer growth and usage per customer, thus reducing the sales of electricity and revenues. Additionally, any economic downturn or disruption of financial markets, both nationally and internationally, could negatively affect the financial stability of customers and counterparties of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power.
Outside of economic disruptions, changes in customer behaviors in response to changing conditions and preferences or changes in the adoption of technologies could affect the relationship of economic activity to the consumption of electricity. On the customer behavior side, federal and state programs exist to influence how customers use energy, and several of the traditional operating companies have PSC mandates to promote energy efficiency. The adoption of technology by customers can have both positive and negative impacts on sales. Many new technologies utilize less energy than in the past. However, new electric technologies such as electric vehicles can create additional demand. There can be no assurance that the Southern Company system's planning processes will appropriately estimate and incorporate the impacts of changes in customer behavior, state and federal programs, PSC mandates, and technology.
All of the factors discussed above could adversely affect Southern Company's, the traditional operating companies', and/or Southern Power's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
The operating results of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are affected by weather conditions and may fluctuate on a seasonal and quarterly basis. In addition, significant weather events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts, and winter storms, could result in substantial damage to or limit the operation of the properties of the traditional operating companies and/or Southern Power and could negatively impact results of operation, financial condition, and liquidity.
Electric power supply is generally a seasonal business. In many parts of the country, demand for power peaks during the summer months, with market prices also peaking at that time. In other areas, power demand peaks during the winter. As a result, the overall operating results of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal basis. In addition, the traditional operating companies and Southern Power have historically sold less power when weather conditions are milder. Unusually mild weather in the future could reduce the
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revenues, net income, and available cash of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and/or Southern Power.
In addition, volatile or significant weather events could result in substantial damage to the transmission and distribution lines of the traditional operating companies and the generating facilities of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power. The traditional operating companies and Southern Power have significant investments in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions which could be subject to major storm activity. Further, severe drought conditions can reduce the availability of water and restrict or prevent the operation of certain generating facilities.
In the event a traditional operating company experiences any of these weather events or any natural disaster or other catastrophic event, recovery of costs in excess of reserves and insurance coverage is subject to the approval of its state PSC. Historically, the traditional operating companies from time to time have experienced deficits in their storm cost recovery reserve balances and may experience such deficits in the future. Any denial by the applicable state PSC or delay in recovery of any portion of such costs could have a material negative impact on a traditional operating company's and Southern Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
In addition, damages resulting from significant weather events within the service territory of any traditional operating company or affecting Southern Power's customers may result in the loss of customers and reduced demand for electricity for extended periods. Any significant loss of customers or reduction in demand for electricity could have a material negative impact on a traditional operating company's or Southern Power's and Southern Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
Acquisitions and dispositions may not result in anticipated benefits and may present risks not originally contemplated, which may have a material adverse effect on the liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition of Southern Company and its subsidiaries.
Southern Company and its subsidiaries have made significant acquisitions and dispositions in the past and may in the future make additional acquisitions and dispositions. Southern Power, in particular, continually seeks opportunities to create value through various transactions, including acquisitions or sales of assets.
Southern Company and its subsidiaries may face significant competition for acquisition opportunities and there can be no assurance that anticipated acquisitions will be completed on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, these transactions are intended to, but may not, result in the generation of cash or income, the realization of savings, the creation of efficiencies, or the reduction of risk. These transactions may also affect the liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition of Southern Company and its subsidiaries.
These transactions also involve risks, including:
• | any acquisitions may not result in an increase in income or provide an adequate return of capital or other anticipated benefits; |
• | any acquisitions may not be successfully integrated into the acquiring company's operations and internal controls; |
• | the due diligence conducted prior to an acquisition may not uncover situations that could result in financial or legal exposure or the acquiring company may not appropriately evaluate the likelihood or quantify the exposure from identified risks; |
• | any disposition may result in decreased earnings, revenue, or cash flow; |
• | use of cash for acquisitions may adversely affect cash available for capital expenditures and other uses; or |
• | any dispositions, investments, or acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of Southern Company or its subsidiaries. |
Southern Company may be unable to meet its ongoing and future financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock if its subsidiaries are unable to pay upstream dividends or repay funds to Southern Company.
Southern Company is a holding company and, as such, Southern Company has no operations of its own. Substantially all of Southern Company's consolidated assets are held by subsidiaries. Southern Company's ability to meet its financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock is primarily dependent on the net income and cash flows of its subsidiaries and their ability to pay upstream dividends or to repay funds to Southern Company. Prior to funding Southern Company, Southern Company's subsidiaries have regulatory restrictions and financial obligations that must be satisfied, including among others, debt service and preferred and preference stock dividends. Southern Company's subsidiaries are separate legal entities and have no obligation to provide Southern Company with funds.
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A downgrade in the credit ratings of Southern Company, any of the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power Company could negatively affect their ability to access capital at reasonable costs and/or could require Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power Company to post collateral or replace certain indebtedness.
There are a number of factors that rating agencies evaluate to arrive at credit ratings for Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power Company, including capital structure, regulatory environment, the ability to cover liquidity requirements, and other commitments for capital. Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power Company could experience a downgrade in their ratings if any rating agency concludes that the level of business or financial risk of the industry or Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power Company has deteriorated. Changes in ratings methodologies by the agencies could also have a negative impact on credit ratings. If one or more rating agencies downgrade Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power Company, borrowing costs would increase, the pool of investors and funding sources would likely decrease, and, particularly for any downgrade to below investment grade, significant collateral requirements may be triggered in a number of contracts. Any credit rating downgrades could require a traditional operating company or Southern Power Company to alter the mix of debt financing currently used, and could require the issuance of secured indebtedness and/or indebtedness with additional restrictive covenants.
Demand for power could decrease or fail to grow at expected rates, resulting in stagnant or reduced revenues, limited growth opportunities, and potentially stranded generation assets.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power each engage in a long-term planning process to estimate the optimal mix and timing of new generation assets required to serve future load obligations. This planning process must look many years into the future in order to accommodate the long lead times associated with the permitting and construction of new generation facilities. Inherent risk exists in predicting demand this far into the future as these future loads are dependent on many uncertain factors, including regional economic conditions, customer usage patterns, efficiency programs, and customer technology adoption. Because regulators may not permit the traditional operating companies to adjust rates to recover the costs of new generation assets while such assets are being constructed, the traditional operating companies may not be able to fully recover these costs or may have exposure to regulatory lag associated with the time between the incurrence of costs of additional capacity and the traditional operating companies' recovery in customers' rates. In addition, under Southern Power's model of selling capacity and energy at negotiated market-based rates under long-term PPAs, Southern Power might not be able to fully execute its business plan if market prices drop below original forecasts. Southern Power and/or the traditional operating companies may not be able to extend existing PPAs or to find new buyers for existing generation assets as existing PPAs expire, or they may be forced to market these assets at prices lower than originally intended. These situations could have negative impacts on net income and cash flows for the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and for Southern Company.
Demand for power could exceed supply capacity, resulting in increased costs for purchasing capacity in the open market or building additional generation and transmission facilities.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power are currently obligated to supply power to retail customers and wholesale customers under long-term PPAs. At peak times, the demand for power required to meet this obligation could exceed the Southern Company system's available generation capacity. Market or competitive forces may require that the traditional operating companies or Southern Power purchase capacity on the open market or build additional generation and transmission facilities. Because regulators may not permit the traditional operating companies to pass all of these purchase or construction costs on to their customers, the traditional operating companies may not be able to recover some or all of these costs or may have exposure to regulatory lag associated with the time between the incurrence of costs of purchased or constructed capacity and the traditional operating companies' recovery in customers' rates. Under Southern Power's long-term fixed price PPAs, Southern Power would not have the ability to recover any of these costs. These situations could have negative impacts on net income and cash flows for the affected traditional operating company or Southern Power and for Southern Company.
Energy conservation and energy price increases could negatively impact financial results.
Customers could voluntarily reduce their consumption of electricity in response to decreases in their disposable income, increases in energy prices, or individual conservation efforts, which could negatively impact the results of operations of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power. In addition, a number of regulatory and legislative bodies have proposed or introduced requirements and/or incentives to reduce energy consumption by certain dates. Conservation programs could impact the financial results of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power in different ways. For example, if any traditional operating company is required to invest in conservation measures that result in reduced sales from effective conservation, regulatory lag in adjusting rates for the impact of these measures could have a negative financial impact on such traditional operating company and Southern Company.
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Certain of the traditional operating companies actively promote energy conservation programs, which have been approved by their respective state PSCs. For certain of such traditional operating companies, regulatory mechanisms have been established that provide for the recovery of costs related to such programs and lost revenues as a result of such programs. However, to the extent conservation results in reduced energy demand or significantly slows the growth in demand beyond what is anticipated, the value of generation assets of the traditional operating companies and/or Southern Power and other unregulated business activities could be adversely impacted and the traditional operating companies could be negatively impacted depending on the regulatory treatment of the associated impacts. In addition, the failure of those traditional operating companies that actively promote energy conservation programs to achieve the energy conservation targets established by their respective state PSCs could negatively impact such traditional operating companies' ability to recover costs and lost revenues as a result of such progress and ability to receive certain benefits related to such programs.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are unable to determine what impact, if any, conservation and increases in energy prices will have on their respective financial condition or results of operations.
The businesses of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are dependent on their ability to successfully access funds through capital markets and financial institutions. The inability of Southern Company, any traditional operating company, or Southern Power to access funds may limit its ability to execute its business plan by impacting its ability to fund capital investments or acquisitions that Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power may otherwise rely on to achieve future earnings and cash flows.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power rely on access to both short-term money markets and longer-term capital markets as a significant source of liquidity for capital requirements not satisfied by the cash flow from their respective operations. If Southern Company, any traditional operating company, or Southern Power is not able to access capital at competitive rates or on favorable terms, its ability to implement its business plan will be limited by impacting its ability to fund capital investments or acquisitions that Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power may otherwise rely on to achieve future earnings and cash flows. In addition, Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power rely on committed bank lending agreements as back-up liquidity which allows them to access low cost money markets. Each of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power believes that it will maintain sufficient access to these financial markets based upon current credit ratings. However, certain events or market disruptions may increase the cost of borrowing or adversely affect the ability to raise capital through the issuance of securities or other borrowing arrangements or the ability to secure committed bank lending agreements used as back-up sources of capital. Such disruptions could include:
• | an economic downturn or uncertainty; |
• | bankruptcy or financial distress at an unrelated energy company, financial institution, or sovereign entity; |
• | capital markets volatility and disruption, either nationally or internationally; |
• | changes in tax policy such as dividend tax rates; |
• | market prices for electricity and gas; |
• | terrorist attacks or threatened attacks on Southern Company's facilities or unrelated energy companies' facilities; |
• | war or threat of war; or |
• | the overall health of the utility and financial institution industries. |
In addition, Georgia Power's ability to make future borrowings through its term loan credit facility with the Federal Financing Bank is subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, as well as certification of compliance with the requirements of the loan guarantee program under Title XVII of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, including accuracy of project-related representations and warranties, delivery of updated project-related information and evidence of compliance with the prevailing wage requirements of the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, as amended, compliance with the Cargo Preference Act of 1954, and certification from the DOE's consulting engineer that proceeds of the advances are used to reimburse certain costs of construction relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 that are eligible for financing under the Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program.
Market performance and other changes may decrease the value of benefit plans and nuclear decommissioning trust assets or may increase plan costs, which then could require significant additional funding.
The performance of the capital markets affects the values of the assets held in trust under Southern Company's pension and postretirement benefit plans and the assets held in trust to satisfy obligations to decommission Alabama Power's and Georgia Power's nuclear plants. The Southern Company system has significant obligations related to pension and postretirement benefit
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plans. Alabama Power and Georgia Power each hold significant assets in the nuclear decommissioning trusts. These assets are subject to market fluctuations and will yield uncertain returns, which may fall below projected return rates. A decline in the market value of these assets may increase the funding requirements relating to benefit plan liabilities of the Southern Company system and Alabama Power's and Georgia Power's nuclear decommissioning obligations. Additionally, changes in interest rates affect the liabilities under pension and postretirement benefit plans of the Southern Company system; as interest rates decrease, the liabilities increase, potentially requiring additional funding. Further, changes in demographics, including an increased number of retirements or changes in life expectancy assumptions, may also increase the funding requirements of the obligations related to the pension benefit plans. Southern Company and its subsidiaries are also facing rising medical benefit costs, including the current costs for active and retired employees. It is possible that these costs may increase at a rate that is significantly higher than anticipated. If the Southern Company system is unable to successfully manage benefit plan assets and medical benefit costs and Alabama Power and Georgia Power are unable to successfully manage the nuclear decommissioning trust funds, results of operations and financial position could be negatively affected.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are subject to risks associated with their ability to obtain adequate insurance at acceptable costs.
The financial condition of some insurance companies, the threat of terrorism, and natural disasters, among other things, could have disruptive effects on insurance markets. The availability of insurance covering risks that Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and their respective competitors typically insure against may decrease, and the insurance that Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are able to obtain may have higher deductibles, higher premiums, and more restrictive policy terms. Further, there is no guarantee that the insurance policies maintained by the Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power will cover all of the potential exposures or the actual amount of loss incurred.
Any losses not covered by insurance, or any increases in the cost of applicable insurance, could adversely affect the results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition of Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, or Southern Power.
The use of derivative contracts by Southern Company and its subsidiaries in the normal course of business could result in financial losses that negatively impact the net income of Southern Company and its subsidiaries.
Southern Company and its subsidiaries, including the traditional operating companies and Southern Power, use derivative instruments, such as swaps, options, futures, and forwards, to manage their commodity and interest rate exposures and, to a lesser extent, engage in limited trading activities. Southern Company and its subsidiaries could recognize financial losses as a result of volatility in the market values of these contracts or if a counterparty fails to perform. These risks are managed through risk management policies, limits, and procedures. These risk management policies, limits, and procedures might not work as planned and cannot entirely eliminate the risks associated with these activities. In addition, derivative contracts entered for hedging purposes might not off-set the underlying exposure being hedged as expected, resulting in financial losses. In the absence of actively quoted market prices and pricing information from external sources, the valuation of these financial instruments can involve management's judgment or use of estimates. The factors used in the valuation of these instruments become more difficult to predict and the calculations become less reliable the further into the future these estimates are made. As a result, changes in the underlying assumptions or use of alternative valuation methods could affect the value of the reported fair value of these contracts.
Item 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS. |
None.
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Item 2. PROPERTIES
Electric Properties
The traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and SEGCO, at December 31, 2014, owned and/or operated 33 hydroelectric generating stations, 33 fossil fuel generating stations, three nuclear generating stations, and 13 combined cycle/cogeneration stations, nine solar facilities, one biomass facility, and one landfill gas facility. The amounts of capacity for each company, as of December 31, 2014, are shown in the table below.
Generating Station | Location | Nameplate Capacity (1) | |
| |
|
| (KWs) | |
| |
FOSSIL STEAM |
|
|
| ||
Gadsden | Gadsden, AL | 120,000 | |
| |
Gorgas | Jasper, AL | 1,221,250 | | (2 | ) |
Barry | Mobile, AL | 1,525,000 | | (2 | ) |
Greene County | Demopolis, AL | 300,000 | | (3 | ) |
Gaston Unit 5 | Wilsonville, AL | 880,000 | |
| |
Miller | Birmingham, AL | 2,532,288 | | (4 | ) |
Alabama Power Total |
| 6,578,538 | |
| |
Bowen | Cartersville, GA | 3,160,000 | |
| |
Branch | Milledgeville, GA | 1,220,700 | | (5 | ) |
Hammond | Rome, GA | 800,000 | |
| |
Kraft | Port Wentworth, GA | 281,136 | | (5 | ) |
McIntosh | Effingham County, GA | 163,117 | |
| |
McManus | Brunswick, GA | 115,000 | | (5 | ) |
Mitchell | Albany, GA | 125,000 | | (6 | ) |
Scherer | Macon, GA | 750,924 | | (7 | ) |
Wansley | Carrollton, GA | 925,550 | | (8 | ) |
Yates | Newnan, GA | 1,250,000 | | (5 | ) |
Georgia Power Total |
| 8,791,427 | |
| |
Crist | Pensacola, FL | 970,000 | |
| |
Daniel | Pascagoula, MS | 500,000 | | (9 | ) |
Lansing Smith | Panama City, FL | 305,000 | | (10 | ) |
Scholz | Chattahoochee, FL | 80,000 | | (10 | ) |
Scherer Unit 3 | Macon, GA | 204,500 | | (7 | ) |
Gulf Power Total |
| 2,059,500 | |
| |
Daniel | Pascagoula, MS | 500,000 | | (9 | ) |
Greene County | Demopolis, AL | 200,000 | | (3 | ) |
Sweatt | Meridian, MS | 80,000 | | (11 | ) |
Watson | Gulfport, MS | 1,012,000 | | (11 | ) |
Mississippi Power Total |
| 1,792,000 | |
| |
Gaston Units 1-4 | Wilsonville, AL |
|
| ||
SEGCO Total |
| 1,000,000 | | (12 | ) |
Total Fossil Steam |
| 20,221,465 | |
|
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Generating Station | Location | Nameplate Capacity (1) | |
| |
IGCC |
|
|
| ||
Kemper County/Ratcliffe | Kemper County, MS | 778,772 | | (13 | ) |
Total IGCC |
| 778,772 | |
| |
NUCLEAR STEAM |
|
|
| ||
Farley | Dothan, AL |
|
| ||
Alabama Power Total |
| 1,720,000 | |
| |
Hatch | Baxley, GA | 899,612 | | (14 | ) |
Vogtle Units 1 and 2 | Augusta, GA | 1,060,240 | | (15 | ) |
Georgia Power Total |
| 1,959,852 | |
| |
Total Nuclear Steam |
| 3,679,852 | |
| |
COMBUSTION TURBINES |
|
|
| ||
Greene County | Demopolis, AL |
|
| ||
Alabama Power Total |
| 720,000 | |
| |
Boulevard | Savannah, GA | 19,700 | | (5 | ) |
Intercession City | Intercession City, FL | 47,667 | | (16 | ) |
Kraft | Port Wentworth, GA | 22,000 | |
| |
McDonough Unit 3 | Atlanta, GA | 78,800 | |
| |
McIntosh Units 1 through 8 | Effingham County, GA | 640,000 | |
| |
McManus | Brunswick, GA | 481,700 | |
| |
Mitchell | Albany, GA | 78,800 | |
| |
Robins | Warner Robins, GA | 158,400 | |
| |
Wansley | Carrollton, GA | 26,322 | | (8 | ) |
Wilson | Augusta, GA | 354,100 | |
| |
Georgia Power Total |
| 1,907,489 | |
| |
Lansing Smith Unit A | Panama City, FL | 39,400 | |
| |
Pea Ridge Units 1 through 3 | Pea Ridge, FL | 15,000 | |
| |
Gulf Power Total |
| 54,400 | |
| |
Chevron Cogenerating Station | Pascagoula, MS | 147,292 | | (17 | ) |
Sweatt | Meridian, MS | 39,400 | |
| |
Watson | Gulfport, MS | 39,360 | |
| |
Mississippi Power Total |
| 226,052 | |
| |
Addison (formally West Georgia) | Thomaston, GA | 668,800 | |
| |
Cleveland County | Cleveland County, NC | 720,000 | |
| |
Dahlberg | Jackson County, GA | 756,000 | |
| |
Oleander | Cocoa, FL | 791,301 | |
| |
Rowan | Salisbury, NC | 455,250 | |
| |
Southern Power Total |
| 3,391,351 | |
| |
Gaston (SEGCO) | Wilsonville, AL | 19,680 | | (12 | ) |
Total Combustion Turbines |
| 6,318,972 | |
| |
COGENERATION |
|
|
| ||
Washington County | Washington County, AL | 123,428 | |
| |
GE Plastics Project | Burkeville, AL | 104,800 | |
| |
Theodore | Theodore, AL | 236,418 | |
| |
Total Cogeneration |
| 464,646 | |
| |
COMBINED CYCLE |
|
|
| ||
Barry | Mobile, AL |
|
|
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Generating Station | Location | Nameplate Capacity (1) | |
| |
Alabama Power Total |
| 1,070,424 | |
| |
McIntosh Units 10&11 | Effingham County, GA | 1,318,920 | |
| |
McDonough-Atkinson Units 4 through 6 | Atlanta, GA | 2,520,000 | |
| |
Georgia Power Total |
| 3,838,920 | |
| |
Smith | Lynn Haven, FL |
|
| ||
Gulf Power Total |
| 545,500 | |
| |
Daniel | Pascagoula, MS |
|
| ||
Mississippi Power Total |
| 1,070,424 | |
| |
Franklin | Smiths, AL | 1,857,820 | |
| |
Harris | Autaugaville, AL | 1,318,920 | |
| |
Rowan | Salisbury, NC | 530,550 | |
| |
Stanton Unit A | Orlando, FL | 428,649 | | (18 | ) |
Wansley | Carrollton, GA | 1,073,000 | |
| |
Southern Power Total |
| 5,208,939 | |
| |
Total Combined Cycle |
| 11,734,207 | |
| |
HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES |
|
|
| ||
Bankhead | Holt, AL | 53,985 | |
| |
Bouldin | Wetumpka, AL | 225,000 | |
| |
Harris | Wedowee, AL | 132,000 | |
| |
Henry | Ohatchee, AL | 72,900 | |
| |
Holt | Holt, AL | 46,944 | |
| |
Jordan | Wetumpka, AL | 100,000 | |
| |
Lay | Clanton, AL | 177,000 | |
| |
Lewis Smith | Jasper, AL | 157,500 | |
| |
Logan Martin | Vincent, AL | 135,000 | |
| |
Martin | Dadeville, AL | 182,000 | |
| |
Mitchell | Verbena, AL | 170,000 | |
| |
Thurlow | Tallassee, AL | 81,000 | |
| |
Weiss | Leesburg, AL | 87,750 | |
| |
Yates | Tallassee, AL | 47,000 | |
| |
Alabama Power Total |
| 1,668,079 | |
| |
Bartletts Ferry | Columbus, GA | 173,000 | |
| |
Goat Rock | Columbus, GA | 38,600 | |
| |
Lloyd Shoals | Jackson, GA | 14,400 | |
| |
Morgan Falls | Atlanta, GA | 16,800 | |
| |
North Highlands | Columbus, GA | 29,600 | |
| |
Oliver Dam | Columbus, GA | 60,000 | |
| |
Rocky Mountain | Rome, GA | 215,256 | | (19 | ) |
Sinclair Dam | Milledgeville, GA | 45,000 | |
| |
Tallulah Falls | Clayton, GA | 72,000 | |
| |
Terrora | Clayton, GA | 16,000 | |
| |
Tugalo | Clayton, GA | 45,000 | |
| |
Wallace Dam | Eatonton, GA | 321,300 | |
| |
Yonah | Toccoa, GA | 22,500 | |
| |
6 Other Plants | Various Georgia Cities | 18,080 | |
| |
Georgia Power Total |
| 1,087,536 | |
| |
Total Hydroelectric Facilities |
| 2,755,615 | |
|
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Generating Station | Location | Nameplate Capacity (1) | |
| |
RENEWABLE SOURCES: |
|
|
| ||
SOLAR FACILITIES |
|
|
| ||
Dalton | Dalton, GA | 7,769 | |
| |
Georgia Power Total |
| 7,769 | |
| |
Adobe | Kern County, CA | 20,000 | |
| |
Apex | North Las Vegas, NV | 20,000 | |
| |
Campo Verde | Imperial County, CA | 147,420 | |
| |
Cimarron | Springer, NM | 30,640 | |
| |
Granville | Oxford, NC | 2,500 | |
| |
Imperial Valley | Imperial County, CA | 163,200 | |
| |
Macho Springs | Luna County, NM | 55,000 | |
| |
Spectrum | Clark County, NV | 30,240 | |
| |
Southern Power Total |
| 469,000 | | (20 | ) |
Total Solar |
| 476,769 | |
| |
LANDFILL GAS FACILITY |
|
|
| ||
Perdido | Escambia County, FL |
|
| ||
Gulf Power Total |
| 3,200 | |
| |
BIOMASS FACILITY |
|
|
| ||
Nacogdoches | Sacul, TX |
|
| ||
Southern Power Total |
| 115,500 | |
| |
Total Generating Capacity |
| 46,548,998 | |
|
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Notes:
(1) | See "Jointly-Owned Facilities" herein for additional information. |
(2) | As part of its environmental compliance strategy, Alabama Power plans to retire Plant Gorgas Units 6 and 7 (200MWs). Alabama Power also plans to cease using coal at Plant Barry Units 1 and 2 (250 MWs), but such units will remain available on a limited basis with natural gas as the fuel source. Additionally, Alabama Power expects to cease using coal at Plant Barry Unit 3 (225 MWs) and begin operating that unit solely on natural gas. These plans are expected to be effective no later than April 2016. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Alabama Power - Environmental Accounting Order" of Southern Company and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Accounting Order" of Alabama Power in Item 7 herein. See also Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Alabama Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters - Alabama Power - Environmental Accounting Order" and "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Accounting Order," respectively, in Item 8 herein. |
(3) | Owned by Alabama Power and Mississippi Power as tenants in common in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively. Alabama Power and Mississippi Power plan to cease using coal and to operate these units solely on natural gas no later than April 2016. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Alabama Power - Environmental Accounting Order" of Southern Company, MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Accounting Order" of Alabama Power, and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Compliance Overview Plan" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein. See also Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Mississippi Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters - Alabama Power - Environmental Accounting Order," "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Accounting Order," and "Retail Regulatory Matters - Environmental Compliance Overview Plan," respectively, in Item 8 herein. |
(4) | Capacity shown is Alabama Power's portion (91.84%) of total plant capacity. |
(5) | See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Georgia Power - Integrated Resource Plans" of Southern Company and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Retail Regulatory Matters - Integrated Resource Plans" of Georgia Power in Item 7 herein. See also Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters - Georgia Power - Integrated Resource Plans" and "Retail Regulatory Matters - Integrated Resource Plans," respectively, in Item 8 herein for information on plant retirements, fuel switching, and conversions. |
(6) | Georgia Power expects to request decertification of Plant Mitchell Unit 3 in connection with the triennial IRP to be filed in 2016. Georgia Power plans to continue to operate the unit as needed until the MATS rule becomes effective in April 2015. |
(7) | Capacity shown for Georgia Power is 8.4% of Units 1 and 2 and 75% of Unit 3. Capacity shown for Gulf Power is 25% of Unit 3. |
(8) | Capacity shown is Georgia Power's portion (53.5%) of total plant capacity. |
(9) | Represents 50% of Plant Daniel Units 1 and 2, which are owned as tenants in common by Gulf Power and Mississippi Power. |
(10) | Gulf Power intends to retire Plant Scholz by April 2015 and Unit 1 and 2 at Plant Smith by March 31, 2016. |
(11) | Mississippi Power has agreed to retire, repower with natural gas, or convert to an alternative non-fossil fuel source the units at Plant Sweatt no later than December 2018. Mississippi Power also agreed that it would cease burning coal and other solid fuel at the units at Plant Watson and begin operating those units solely on natural gas no later than April 2015. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL - "Other Matters - Sierra Club Settlement" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein for additional information. See also Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Other Matters - Sierra Club Settlement Agreement" in Item 8 herein. |
(12) | SEGCO is jointly-owned by Alabama Power and Georgia Power. See BUSINESS in Item 1 herein for additional information. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Integrated Resource Plans" of Southern Company and MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Integrated Resource Plans" of Georgia Power in Item 7 herein. See also Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Integrated Resource Plans" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Integrated Resource Plans," respectively, in Item 8 herein for information on fuel switching at Plant Gaston. |
(13) | Mississippi Power placed the combined cycle and the associated common facilities portion of the Kemper IGCC in service using natural gas on August 9, 2014 and continues to focus on completing the remainder of the Kemper IGCC, including the gasifier and the gas clean-up facilities. The Kemper IGCC is expected to have an output capacity of 582 MW. |
(14) | Capacity shown is Georgia Power's portion (50.1%) of total plant capacity. |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
(15) | Capacity shown is Georgia Power's portion (45.7%) of total plant capacity. |
(16) | Capacity shown represents 33 1/3% of total plant capacity. Georgia Power owns a 1/3 interest in the unit with 100% use of the unit from June through September. Progress Energy Florida operates the unit. |
(17) | Generation is dedicated to a single industrial customer. |
(18) | Capacity shown is Southern Power's portion (65%) of total plant capacity. |
(19) | Capacity shown is Georgia Power's portion (25.4%) of total plant capacity. OPC operates the plant. |
(20) | Southern Power total solar capacity shown is 100% of the nameplate capacity for each facility. When taking into consideration Southern Power's 90% equity interest in STR (which includes Adobe, Apex, Campo Verde, Cimarron, Granville, Macho Springs, and Spectrum) and 51% equity interest in SG2 Holdings (which includes Imperial Valley), Southern Power's equity portion of the total nameplate capacity is 358,452 KWs. |
Except as discussed below under "Titles to Property," the principal plants and other important units of the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and SEGCO are owned in fee by the respective companies. It is the opinion of management of each such company that its operating properties are adequately maintained and are substantially in good operating condition.
Mississippi Power owns a 79-mile length of 500-kilovolt transmission line which is leased to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, LLC. The line, completed in 1984, extends from Plant Daniel to the Louisiana state line. Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, LLC is paying a use fee over a 40-year period covering all expenses and the amortization of the original $57 million cost of the line. At December 31, 2014, the unamortized portion of this cost was approximately $13.7 million.
In conjunction with the Kemper IGCC, Mississippi Power owns a lignite mine and equipment and has acquired and will continue to acquire mineral reserves located around the Kemper IGCC site in Kemper County. The mine, operated by North American Coal Corporation, started commercial operation in June 2013. The estimated capital cost of the mine and equipment is approximately $232.3 million, all of which has been incurred as of December 31, 2014. See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Lignite Mine and CO 2 Pipeline Facilities" of Mississippi Power in Item 7 herein and Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Lignite Mine and CO 2 Pipeline Facilities" in Item 8 herein for additional information on the lignite mine.
In 2014, the maximum demand on the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and SEGCO was 37,119,000 KWs and occurred on January 7, 2014. The all-time maximum demand of 38,777,000 KWs on the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and SEGCO occurred on August 22, 2007. These amounts exclude demand served by capacity retained by MEAG Power, OPC, and SEPA. The reserve margin for the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and SEGCO in 2014 was 20.2%. See SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA in Item 6 herein for additional information.
Jointly-Owned Facilities
Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Southern Power at December 31, 2014 had undivided interests in certain generating plants and other related facilities with non-affiliated parties. The percentages of ownership of the total plant or facility are as follows:
|
|
|
| Percentage Ownership | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Total Capacity |
| Alabama Power |
| Power South |
| Georgia Power |
| OPC |
| MEAG Power |
| Dalton |
| Duke Energy Florida |
| Southern Power |
| OUC |
| FMPA |
| KUA | ||||||||||||
|
| (MWs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Plant Miller Units 1 and 2 |
| 1,320 | |
| 91.8 | % |
| 8.2 | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
| - | % |
Plant Hatch |
| 1,796 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 50.1 | |
| 30.0 | |
| 17.7 | |
| 2.2 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 |
| 2,320 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 45.7 | |
| 30.0 | |
| 22.7 | |
| 1.6 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Plant Scherer Units 1 and 2 |
| 1,636 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 8.4 | |
| 60.0 | |
| 30.2 | |
| 1.4 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Plant Wansley |
| 1,779 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 53.5 | |
| 30.0 | |
| 15.1 | |
| 1.4 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Rocky Mountain |
| 848 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 25.4 | |
| 74.6 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Intercession City, FL |
| 143 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 33.3 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 66.7 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
Plant Stanton A |
| 660 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 65.0 | |
| 28.0 | |
| 3.5 | |
| 3.5 | |
Alabama Power and Georgia Power have contracted to operate and maintain the respective units in which each has an interest (other than Rocky Mountain and Intercession City) as agent for the joint owners. SCS provides operation and maintenance services for Plant Stanton A. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to Alabama Power's and Georgia Power's nuclear plants.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
In addition, Georgia Power has commitments regarding a portion of a 5% interest in Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 owned by MEAG Power that are in effect until the later of retirement of the plant or the latest stated maturity date of MEAG Power's bonds issued to finance such ownership interest. The payments for capacity are required whether any capacity is available. The energy cost is a function of each unit's variable operating costs. Except for the portion of the capacity payments related to the Georgia PSC's disallowances of Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 costs, the cost of such capacity and energy is included in purchased power from non-affiliates in Georgia Power's statements of income in Item 8 herein. Also see Note 7 to the financial statements of Georgia Power under "Commitments - Purchased Power Commitments" in Item 8 herein for additional information.
Georgia Power is currently constructing Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 which will be jointly owned by Georgia Power, Dalton, OPC, and MEAG Power (with each owner holding the same undivided ownership interest as shown in the table above with respect to Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2). In addition, Mississippi Power is constructing the Kemper IGCC and expects to sell a 15% ownership interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA. See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "Retail Regulatory Matters - Georgia Power - Nuclear Construction" and "Retail Regulatory Matters - Nuclear Construction," respectively, in Item 8 herein. Also see Note 3 to the financial statements of each of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" in Item 8 herein for additional information.
Titles to Property
The traditional operating companies', Southern Power's, and SEGCO's interests in the principal plants (other than certain pollution control facilities and the land on which five combustion turbine generators of Mississippi Power are located, which is held by easement) and other important units of the respective companies are owned in fee by such companies, subject only to the (1) liens pursuant to pollution control revenue bonds of Gulf Power on specific pollution control facilities, (2) liens pursuant to the assumption of debt obligations by Mississippi Power in connection with the acquisition of Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4, and (3) liens associated with Georgia Power's reimbursement obligations to the DOE under its loan guarantee, which are secured by a first priority lien on (a) Georgia Power's 45.7% undivided ownership interest in Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and (b) Georgia Power's rights and obligations under the principal contracts relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. See Note 6 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power under "Assets Subject to Lien", Note 6 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "DOE Loan Guarantee Borrowings" and Note 6 of the financial statements of Southern Company and Mississippi Power under "Plant Daniel Revenue Bonds" in Item 8 herein for additional information. The traditional operating companies own the fee interests in certain of their principal plants as tenants in common. See "Jointly-Owned Facilities" herein for additional information. Properties such as electric transmission and distribution lines, steam heating mains, and gas pipelines are constructed principally on rights-of-way which are maintained under franchise or are held by easement only. A substantial portion of lands submerged by reservoirs is held under flood right easements.
I-39
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
(1) United States of America v. Alabama Power (United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama)
United States of America v. Georgia Power (United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia)
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and each traditional operating company under "Environmental Matters – New Source Review Actions" in Item 8 herein for information.
(2) Georgia Power et al. v. Westinghouse and Stone & Webster (United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia Augusta Division)
Stone & Webster and Westinghouse v. Georgia Power et al. (United States District Court for the District of Columbia)
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company and Georgia Power under "Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction," respectively, in Item 8 herein for information.
(3) Environmental Remediation
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power under "Environmental Matters – Environmental Remediation" in Item 8 herein for information related to environmental remediation.
See Note 3 to the financial statements of each registrant in Item 8 herein for descriptions of additional legal and administrative proceedings discussed therein.
Item 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not applicable.
I-40
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF SOUTHERN COMPANY
(Identification of executive officers of Southern Company is inserted in Part I in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 401(b), Instruction 3.) The ages of the officers set forth below are as of December 31, 2014.
Thomas A. Fanning
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Age 57
Elected in 2003. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since December 2010 and President since August 2010. Previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from February 2008 through July 2010.
Art P. Beattie
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Age 60
Elected in 2010. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since August 2010. Previously served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer of Alabama Power from February 2005 through August 2010.
W. Paul Bowers
Executive Vice President
Age 58
Elected in 2001. Executive Vice President since February 2008 and Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director of Georgia Power since January 2011 and Chief Operating Officer of Georgia Power from August 2010 to December 2010. Chairman of Georgia Power's Board of Directors since May 2014. Previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Southern Company from February 2008 to August 2010.
S. W. Connally, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer of Gulf Power
Age 45
Elected in 2012. President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Gulf Power since July 2012. Previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Production Officer of Georgia Power from August 2010 through June 2012 and Manager of Alabama Power's Plant Barry from August 2007 through July 2010.
Mark A. Crosswhite
Executive Vice President
Age 52
Elected in 2010. Executive Vice President since December 2010 and President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Alabama Power since March 2014. Chairman of Alabama Power's Board of Directors since May 1, 2014. Previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Southern Company from July 2012 to March 2014, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Gulf Power from January 2011 through June 2012, and Executive Vice President of External Affairs of Alabama Power from February 2008 through December 2010.
Kimberly S. Greene
Executive Vice President
Age 48
Elected in 2013. Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since March 2014. Previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of SCS from April 2013 to February 2014. Before rejoining Southern Company, Ms. Greene previously served at Tennessee Valley Authority in a number of positions, most recently as Executive Vice President and Chief Generation Officer from 2011 through April 2013, and Group President of Strategy and External Relations from 2010 through 2011.
G. Edison Holland, Jr.
Executive Vice President
Age 62
Elected in 2001. Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Mississippi Power since May 2013 and Executive Vice President of Southern Company since April 2001. Previously served as Corporate Secretary of Southern Company from April 2005 until May 2013 and General Counsel of Southern Company from April 2001 until May 2013.
James Y. Kerr II
Executive Vice President and General Counsel
Age 50
Elected in 2014. Before joining Southern Company, Mr. Kerr was a partner with McGuireWoods LLP and a senior advisor at McGuireWoods Consulting LLC from 2008 through February 2014.
I-41
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Stephen E. Kuczynski
President and Chief Executive Officer of Southern Nuclear
Age 52
Elected in 2011. President and Chief Executive Officer of Southern Nuclear since July 2011. Before joining Southern Company, Mr. Kuczynski served at Exelon Corporation as the Senior Vice President of Engineering and Technical Services for Exelon Nuclear from February 2006 to June 2011.
Mark S. Lantrip
Executive Vice President
Age 60
Elected in 2014. President and Chief Executive Officer of SCS since March 2014. Previously served as Treasurer of Southern Company from October 2007 to February 2014, Executive Vice President of SCS from November 2010 to March 2014, and Senior Vice President of SCS from January 2010 to November 2010.
Christopher C. Womack
Executive Vice President
Age 56
Elected in 2008. Executive Vice President and President of External Affairs since January 2009.
The officers of Southern Company were elected for a term running from the first meeting of the directors following the last annual meeting (May 28, 2014) for one year or until their successors are elected and have qualified.
I-42
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF ALABAMA POWER
(Identification of executive officers of Alabama Power is inserted in Part I in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 401(b), Instruction 3.) The ages of the officers set forth below are as of December 31, 2014.
Mark A. Crosswhite
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Age 52
Elected in 2014. President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since March 1, 2014. Chairman since May 1, 2014. Previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Southern Company from July 2012 to March 2014, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Gulf Power from January 2011 through June 2012, and Executive Vice President of External Affairs of Alabama Power from February 2008 through December 2010.
Philip C. Raymond
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
Age 55
Elected in 2010. Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer since August 2010. Previously served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Gulf Power from May 2008 to August 2010.
Zeke W. Smith
Executive Vice President
Age 55
Elected in 2010. Executive Vice President of External Affairs since November 2010. Previously served as Vice President of Regulatory Services and Financial Planning from February 2005 to November 2010.
Steven R. Spencer
Executive Vice President
Age 59
Elected in 2001. Executive Vice President of the Customer Service Organization since February 2008.
James P. Heilbron
Senior Vice President and Senior Production Officer
Age 43
Elected in 2013. Senior Vice President and Senior Production Officer since March 2013. Previously served as Senior Vice President and Senior Production Officer of Southern Power Company from July 2010 to February 2013 and Plant Manager of Georgia Power's Plant Wansley from March 2006 to July 2010.
The officers of Alabama Power were elected for a term running from the meeting of the directors held on April 25, 2014 for one year or until their successors are elected and have qualified.
I-43
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF GEORGIA POWER
(Identification of executive officers of Georgia Power is inserted in Part I in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 401(b), Instruction 3.) The ages of the officers set forth below are as of December 31, 2014.
W. Paul Bowers
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Age 58
Elected in 2010. Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director since December 2010 and Chief Operating Officer of Georgia Power from August 2010 to December 2010. Chairman of Georgia Power's Board of Directors since May 2014. He previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Southern Company from February 2008 to August 2010.
W. Craig Barrs
Executive Vice President
Age 57
Elected in 2008. Executive Vice President of External Affairs since January 2010. Previously served as Senior Vice President of External Affairs from January 2009 to January 2010.
W. Ron Hinson
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
Age 58
Elected in 2013. Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer since March 2013. Also, served as Comptroller from March 2013 until January 2014. Previously served as Comptroller and Chief Accounting Officer of Southern Company, as well as Senior Vice President and Comptroller of SCS from March 2006 to March 2013.
Joseph A. Miller
Executive Vice President
Age 53
Elected in 2009. Executive Vice President of Nuclear Development since May 2009. He also has served as Executive Vice President of Nuclear Development at Southern Nuclear from February 2006 to January 2013. He was elected as President of Nuclear Development at Southern Nuclear in January 2013.
Anthony L. Wilson
Executive Vice President
Age 50
Elected in 2007. Executive Vice President of Customer Service and Operations since January 2012. Previously served as Vice President of Transmission from November 2009 to January 2012 and Vice President of Distribution from February 2007 to November 2009.
Thomas P. Bishop
Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary
Age 54
Elected in 2008. Corporate Secretary since April 2011 and Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, and General Counsel since September 2008.
John L. Pemberton
Senior Vice President and Senior Production Officer
Age 46
Elected in 2012. Senior Vice President and Senior Production Officer since July 2012. Previously served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel for SCS and Southern Nuclear from June 2010 to July 2012 and Vice President of Governmental Affairs for SCS from August 2006 to June 2010.
The officers of Georgia Power were elected for a term running from the meeting of the directors held on May 21, 2014 for one year or until their successors are elected and have qualified.
I-44
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF MISSISSIPPI POWER
(Identification of executive officers of Mississippi Power is inserted in Part I in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 401(b), Instruction 3.) The ages of the officers set forth below are as of December 31, 2014.
G. Edison Holland, Jr.
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Age 62
Elected in 2013. Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer since May 2013 and Executive Vice President of Southern Company since April 2001. Previously served as Corporate Secretary of Southern Company from April 2005 until May 2013 and General Counsel of Southern Company from April 2001 until May 2013.
John W. Atherton
Vice President
Age 54
Elected in 2004. Vice President of Corporate Services and Community Relations since October 2012. Previously served as Vice President of External Affairs from January 2005 until October 2012.
Moses H. Feagin
Vice President, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer
Age 50
Elected in 2010. Vice President, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer since August 2010. Previously served as Vice President and Comptroller of Alabama Power from May 2008 to August 2010.
Jeff G. Franklin (1)
Vice President
Age 47
Elected in 2011. Vice President of Customer Services Organization since August 2011. Previously served as Georgia Power's Vice President of Governmental and Legislative Affairs from January 2011 to July 2011, and Vice President of Governmental and Regulatory Affairs from March 2009 to January 2011.
Mike A. Hazelton (2)
Vice President
Age 46
Elected in 2015. Vice President of Customer Services Organization effective April 2015. Previously served as Georgia Power's Senior Vice President of Marketing from January 2014 through March 2015, Vice President of Marketing from December 2011 to January 2014, Northeast Region Vice President from January 2011 to December 2011, and Land Acquisition Manger from June 2009 to January 2011.
R. Allen Reaves
Vice President
Age 55
Elected in 2010. Vice President and Senior Production Officer since August 2010. Previously served as Manager of Mississippi Power's Plant Daniel from September 2007 through July 2010.
Billy F. Thornton
Vice President
Age 54
Elected in 2012. Vice President of Legislative and Regulatory Affairs since October 2012. Previously served as Director of External Affairs from October 2011 until October 2012, Director of Marketing from March 2011 through October 2011, and Major Account Sales Manager from June 2006 to March 2011.
Emile J. Troxclair, III
Vice President
Age 57
Elected in 2014. Vice President of Kemper Development since January 2015. Previously served as Vice President of Gasification for Lummus Technology Inc. from May 2013 through April 2014, Manager of E-Gas Technology for Phillips 66 from 2012 to May 2013, and Manager of E-Gas Technology for ConocoPhillips from 2003 to 2012.
The officers of Mississippi Power were elected for a term running from the meeting of the directors held on April 22, 2014 for one year or until their successors are elected and have qualified, except for Mr. Troxclair, whose election was effective on January 3, 2015.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
(1) On February 16, 2015, Mr. Franklin was elected by the SCS Board of Directors as Vice President of Supply Chain effective March 28, 2015.
(2) On February 18, 2015, Mr. Hazelton was elected by the Mississippi Power Board of Directors as Vice President of Customer Services Organization effective April 1, 2015.
I-46
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
PART II
Item 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS' COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
(a)(1) The common stock of Southern Company is listed and traded on the NYSE. The common stock is also traded on regional exchanges across the United States. The high and low stock prices as reported on the NYSE for each quarter of the past two years were as follows:
|
| High |
| Low | ||||
2014 |
|
|
|
| ||||
First Quarter |
| $ | 44.00 | |
| $ | 40.27 | |
Second Quarter |
| 46.81 | |
| 42.55 | | ||
Third Quarter |
| 45.47 | |
| 41.87 | | ||
Fourth Quarter |
| 51.28 | |
| 43.55 | | ||
2013 |
|
|
|
| ||||
First Quarter |
| $ | 46.95 | |
| $ | 42.82 | |
Second Quarter |
| 48.74 | |
| 42.32 | | ||
Third Quarter |
| 45.75 | |
| 40.63 | | ||
Fourth Quarter |
| 42.94 | |
| 40.03 | |
There is no market for the other registrants' common stock, all of which is owned by Southern Company.
(a)(2) Number of Southern Company's common stockholders of record at January 31, 2015: 136,875
Each of the other registrants have one common stockholder, Southern Company.
(a)(3) Dividends on each registrant's common stock are payable at the discretion of their respective board of directors. The dividends on common stock declared by Southern Company and the traditional operating companies to their stockholder(s) for the past two years were as follows:
Registrant |
| Quarter |
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
|
|
|
| (in thousands) | ||||||
Southern Company |
| First |
| $ | 450,991 | |
| $ | 426,110 | |
|
| Second |
| 469,198 | |
| 443,684 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 471,044 | |
| 443,963 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 474,428 | |
| 448,073 | | ||
Alabama Power |
| First |
| 137,390 | |
| 132,290 | | ||
|
| Second |
| 137,390 | |
| 132,290 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 137,390 | |
| 132,290 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 137,390 | |
| 247,290 | | ||
Georgia Power |
| First |
| 238,400 | |
| 226,750 | | ||
|
| Second |
| 238,400 | |
| 226,750 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 238,400 | |
| 226,750 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 238,400 | |
| 226,750 | | ||
Gulf Power |
| First |
| 30,800 | |
| 28,850 | | ||
|
| Second |
| 30,800 | |
| 28,850 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 30,800 | |
| 28,950 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 30,800 | |
| 28,750 | | ||
Mississippi Power |
| First |
| 54,930 | |
| 44,190 | | ||
|
| Second |
| 54,930 | |
| 44,190 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 54,930 | |
| 44,190 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 54,930 | |
| 44,190 | |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
In 2014 and 2013, Southern Power Company paid dividends to Southern Company as follows:
Registrant |
| Quarter |
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
|
|
|
| (in thousands) | ||||||
Southern Power Company |
| First |
| $ | 32,780 | |
| $ | 32,280 | |
|
| Second |
| 32,780 | |
| 32,280 | | ||
|
| Third |
| 32,780 | |
| 32,280 | | ||
|
| Fourth |
| 32,780 | |
| 32,280 | |
The dividend paid per share of Southern Company's common stock was 50.75¢ for the first quarter 2014 and 52.50¢ each for the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2014. In 2013, Southern Company paid a dividend per share of 49¢ for the first quarter and 50.75¢ each for the second, third, and fourth quarters.
The traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company can only pay dividends to Southern Company out of retained earnings or paid-in-capital.
Southern Power Company's senior note indenture contains potential limitations on the payment of common stock dividends. At December 31, 2014, Southern Power Company was in compliance with the conditions of this senior note indenture and thus had no restrictions on its ability to pay common stock dividends. See Note 8 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Common Stock Dividend Restrictions" and Note 6 to the financial statements of Southern Power under "Dividend Restrictions" in Item 8 herein for additional information regarding these restrictions.
(a)(4) Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.
See Part III, Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters under the heading "Equity Compensation Plan Information" herein.
(b) Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
| Page |
Southern Company. See "SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-120 |
Alabama Power. See "SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-196 |
Georgia Power. See "SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-279 |
Gulf Power. See "SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-347 |
Mississippi Power. See "SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-437 |
Southern Power. See "SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA" | II-486 |
Item 7. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
| Page |
Southern Company. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" | II-12 |
Alabama Power. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," | II-126 |
Georgia Power. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," | II-202 |
Gulf Power. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," | II-285 |
Mississippi Power. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," | II-354 |
Southern Power. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS," | II-444 |
II-2
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Item 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
See MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS – FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY – "Market Price Risk" of each of the registrants in Item 7 herein and Note 1 of each of the registrant's financial statements under "Financial Instruments" in Item 8 herein. See also Note 10 to the financial statements of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Georgia Power, Note 9 to the financial statements of Gulf Power and Mississippi Power, and Note 8 to the financial statements of Southern Power in Item 8 herein.
II-3
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Item 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
INDEX TO 2014 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page |
The Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-8 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-9 |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-45 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-46 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-47 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-48 |
Consolidated Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-50 |
Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-52 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-53 |
|
|
Alabama Power: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-123 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-124 |
Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-148 |
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-149 |
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-150 |
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-151 |
Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-153 |
Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-154 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-155 |
|
|
Georgia Power: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-199 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-200 |
Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-228 |
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-229 |
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-230 |
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-231 |
Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-233 |
Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-234 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-235 |
|
|
Gulf Power: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-282 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-283 |
Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-307 |
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-308 |
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-309 |
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-310 |
Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-312 |
Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-313 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-314 |
II-4
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
| Page |
Mississippi Power: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-350 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-351 |
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-387 |
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-388 |
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-389 |
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-390 |
Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-392 |
Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-393 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-394 |
|
|
Southern Power and Subsidiary Companies: |
|
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | II-440 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | II-441 |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-462 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-463 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-464 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 | II-465 |
Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 | II-467 |
Notes to Financial Statements | II-468 |
II-5
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
Item 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
Item 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls And Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, Southern Company, Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, Mississippi Power, and Southern Power Company conducted separate evaluations under the supervision and with the participation of each company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon these evaluations, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, in each case, concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
(a) Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Southern Company's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-8 of this Form 10-K.
Alabama Power's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-123 of this
Form 10-K.
Georgia Power's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-199 of this
Form 10-K.
Gulf Power's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-282 of this Form 10-K.
Mississippi Power's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-350 of this Form 10-K.
Southern Power's Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included on page II-440 of this
Form 10-K.
(b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.
The report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Southern Company's independent registered public accounting firm, regarding Southern Company's Internal Control over Financial Reporting is included on page II-9 of this Form 10-K. This report is not applicable to Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, Mississippi Power, and Southern Power as these companies are not accelerated filers or large accelerated filers.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in Southern Company's, Alabama Power's, Georgia Power's, Gulf Power's, Mississippi Power's, or Southern Power Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the fourth quarter 2014 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect Southern Company's, Alabama Power's, Georgia Power's, Gulf Power's, Mississippi Power's, or Southern Power Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
II-6
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
THE SOUTHERN COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
FINANCIAL SECTION
II-7
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
The management of The Southern Company (Southern Company) is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). A control system can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
Under management's supervision, an evaluation of the design and effectiveness of Southern Company's internal control over financial reporting was conducted based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that Southern Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014 .
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as auditors of Southern Company's financial statements, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of Southern Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 . Deloitte & Touche LLP's report on Southern Company's internal control over financial reporting is included herein.
/s/ Thomas A. Fanning
Thomas A. Fanning
Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Art P. Beattie
Art P. Beattie
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
March 2, 2015
II-8
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The Southern Company
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of capitalization of The Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies (the Company) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 , and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014 . We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 , based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (page II-8). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements (pages II-45 to II-118) referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 , and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014 , in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 , based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission .
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 2, 2015
II-9
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
DEFINITIONS
Term | Meaning |
2012 MPSC CPCN Order | A detailed order issued by the Mississippi PSC in April 2012 confirming the CPCN originally approved by the Mississippi PSC in 2010 authorizing acquisition, construction, and operation of the Kemper IGCC |
2013 ARP | Alternative Rate Plan approved by the Georgia PSC for Georgia Power for the years 2014 through 2016 |
AFUDC | Allowance for funds used during construction |
Alabama Power | Alabama Power Company |
APA | Asset purchase agreement |
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification |
Baseload Act | State of Mississippi legislation designed to enhance the Mississippi PSC's authority to facilitate development and construction of baseload generation in the State of Mississippi |
CCR | Coal combustion residuals |
Clean Air Act | Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 |
CO 2 | Carbon dioxide |
CPCN | Certificate of public convenience and necessity |
CWIP | Construction work in progress |
DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
FERC | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
FFB | Federal Financing Bank |
GAAP | Generally accepted accounting principles |
Georgia Power | Georgia Power Company |
Gulf Power | Gulf Power Company |
IGCC | Integrated coal gasification combined cycle |
IRS | Internal Revenue Service |
ITC | Investment tax credit |
Kemper IGCC | IGCC facility under construction in Kemper County, Mississippi |
KWH | Kilowatt-hour |
LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate |
Mirror CWIP | A regulatory liability account for use in mitigating future rate impacts for customers |
Mississippi Power | Mississippi Power Company |
mmBtu | Million British thermal units |
Moody's | Moody's Investors Service, Inc. |
MPUS | Mississippi Public Utilities Staff |
MW | Megawatt |
NCCR | Georgia Power's Nuclear Construction Cost Recovery |
NDR | Alabama Power's Natural Disaster Reserve |
NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
OCI | Other comprehensive income |
Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 | Two new nuclear generating units under construction at Plant Vogtle |
power pool | The operating arrangement whereby the integrated generating resources of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power Company are subject to joint commitment and dispatch in order to serve their combined load obligations |
PPA | Power purchase agreement |
II-10
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
DEFINITIONS
(continued)
Term | Meaning |
PSC | Public Service Commission |
Rate CNP | Alabama Power's Rate Certificated New Plant |
Rate CNP Environmental | Alabama Power's Rate Certificated New Plant Environmental |
Rate CNP PPA | Alabama Power's Rate Certificated New Plant Power Purchase Agreement |
Rate ECR | Alabama Power's rate energy cost recovery |
Rate NDR | Alabama Power's natural disaster reserve rate |
Rate RSE | Alabama Power's rate stabilization and equalization plan |
ROE | Return on equity |
S&P | Standard and Poor's Rating Services, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. |
SCS | Southern Company Services, Inc. (the Southern Company system service company) |
SEC | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |
SEGCO | Southern Electric Generating Company |
SMEPA | South Mississippi Electric Power Association |
Southern Company system | The Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, SEGCO, Southern Nuclear, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, and other subsidiaries |
SouthernLINC Wireless | Southern Communications Services, Inc. |
Southern Nuclear | Southern Nuclear Operating Company, Inc. |
Southern Power | Southern Power Company and its subsidiaries |
traditional operating companies | Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power |
II-11
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
OVERVIEW
Business Activities
The Southern Company (Southern Company or the Company) is a holding company that owns all of the common stock of the Southern Company system, which consists of the traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The primary business of the Southern Company system is electricity sales by the traditional operating companies and Southern Power. The four traditional operating companies are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market.
Many factors affect the opportunities, challenges, and risks of the Southern Company system's electricity business. These factors include the traditional operating companies' ability to maintain a constructive regulatory environment, to maintain and grow energy sales, and to effectively manage and secure timely recovery of costs. These costs include those related to projected long-term demand growth, increasingly stringent environmental standards, reliability, fuel, capital expenditures, including new plants, and restoration following major storms. Subsidiaries of Southern Company are constructing Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and the Kemper IGCC. Georgia Power has a 45.7% ownership interest in Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, each with approximately 1,100 MWs, and Mississippi Power is ultimately expected to hold an 85% ownership interest in the 582 -MW Kemper IGCC.
Each of the traditional operating companies has various regulatory mechanisms that operate to address cost recovery. Effectively operating pursuant to these regulatory mechanisms and appropriately balancing required costs and capital expenditures with customer prices will continue to challenge the Southern Company system for the foreseeable future. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters" and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Another major factor is the profitability of the competitive market-based wholesale generating business. Southern Power's strategy is to acquire, construct, and sell power plants, including renewable energy projects, and to enter into PPAs primarily with investor-owned utilities, independent power producers, municipalities, and electric cooperatives.
Southern Company's other business activities include investments in leveraged lease projects and telecommunications. Management continues to evaluate the contribution of each of these activities to total shareholder return and may pursue acquisitions and dispositions accordingly.
Key Performance Indicators
In striving to achieve superior risk-adjusted returns while providing cost-effective energy to more than four million customers, the Southern Company system continues to focus on several key performance indicators. These indicators include customer satisfaction, plant availability, system reliability, execution of major construction projects, and earnings per share (EPS). Southern Company's financial success is directly tied to customer satisfaction. Key elements of ensuring customer satisfaction include outstanding service, high reliability, and competitive prices. Management uses customer satisfaction surveys and reliability indicators to evaluate the results of the Southern Company system.
Peak season equivalent forced outage rate (Peak Season EFOR) is an indicator of fossil/hydro plant availability and efficient generation fleet operations during the months when generation needs are greatest. The rate is calculated by dividing the number of hours of forced outages by total generation hours. The Southern Company system's fossil/hydro 2014 Peak Season EFOR was better than the target. Transmission and distribution system reliability performance is measured by the frequency and duration of outages. Performance targets for reliability are set internally based on historical performance. The Southern Company system's performance for 2014 was better than the target for these reliability measures. Primarily as a result of charges for estimated probable losses related to construction of the Kemper IGCC, Southern Company's EPS for 2014 did not meet the target on a GAAP basis. See RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – "Estimated Loss on Kemper IGCC" and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
II-12
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Excluding t he charges for estimated probable losses related to construction of the Kemper IGCC and the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision, Southern Company's 2014 results compared with its targets for some of these key indicators are reflected in the following chart:
Key Performance Indicator | 2014 Target Performance |
| 2014 Actual Performance |
System Customer Satisfaction | Top quartile in |
| Top quartile |
Peak Season System EFOR - fossil/hydro | 5.51% or less |
| 1.93% |
Basic EPS - As Reported | $2.72-$2.80 |
| $2.19 |
Kemper IGCC Impacts |
|
| $0.61 |
EPS, excluding items* |
|
| $2.80 |
* Does not reflect EPS as calculated in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP measure of EPS, excluding estimated probable losses relating to Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC and the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision, is calculated by excluding from EPS, as determined in accordance with GAAP, the following items: (1) estimated probable losses of $536 million after-tax, or $0.59 per share, relating to Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC and (2) an aggregate of $17 million after-tax, or $0.02 per share, relating to the reversal of previously recognized revenues recorded in 2014 and 2013 and the recognition of carrying costs associated with the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision which reversed the Mississippi PSC's March 2013 rate order related to the Kemper IGCC. The estimated probable losses relating to the construction of the Kemper IGCC significantly impacted the presentation of EPS in the table above, and any similar charges are items that may occur with uncertain frequency in the future. In addition, neither the estimated probable losses relating to the construction of the Kemper IGCC nor the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision were anticipated or incorporated in the assumptions used to develop the EPS target performance for 2014 reflected in the table above. See RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – "Estimated Loss on Kemper IGCC" and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information on the estimated probable losses relating to the Kemper IGCC and the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision. Southern Company management uses the non-GAAP measure of EPS, excluding these items, to evaluate the performance of Southern Company's ongoing business activities and its 2014 performance on a basis consistent with the assumptions used in developing the 2014 performance targets and to compare certain results to prior periods. Southern Company believes this presentation is useful to investors by providing additional information for purposes of evaluating the performance of Southern Company's business activities. This presentation is not meant to be considered a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
See RESULTS OF OPERATIONS herein for additional information on the Company's financial performance.
Earnings
Southern Company's net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries was $2.0 billion in 2014, an increase of $319 million , or 19.4% , from the prior year. The increase was primarily related to an increase in retail revenues due to retail base rate increases, as well as colder weather in the first quarter 2014 and warmer weather in the second and third quarters 2014 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2013. The increase in net income was also the result of lower pre-tax charges of $868 million ($536 million after tax) recorded in 2014 compared to pre-tax charges of $1.2 billion ($729 million after tax) recorded in 2013 for revisions of estimated costs expected to be incurred on Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC. These increases were partially offset by increases in non-fuel operations and maintenance expenses.
Southern Company's net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries was $1.6 billion in 2013, a decrease of $706 million , or 30.0% , from the prior year. The decrease was primarily the result of pre-tax charges of $1.2 billion ($729 million after-tax) for revisions of estimated costs expected to be incurred on Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC. Also contributing to the decrease in net income were increases in depreciation and amortization and non-fuel operations and maintenance expenses, partially offset by increases in retail revenues and AFUDC.
Basic EPS was $2.19 in 2014, $1.88 in 2013, and $2.70 in 2012. Diluted EPS, which factors in additional shares related to stock-based compensation, was $2.18 in 2014, $1.87 in 2013, and $2.67 in 2012. EPS for 2014 was negatively impacted by $0.06 per share as a result of an increase in the average shares outstanding. See FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY – "Financing Activities" herein for additional information.
Dividends
Southern Company has paid dividends on its common stock since 1948. Dividends paid per share of common stock were $2.0825 in 2014 , $2.0125 in 2013 , and $1.9425 in 2012 . In January 2015 , Southern Company declared a quarterly dividend of 52.50 cents per share. This is the 269th consecutive quarter that Southern Company has paid a dividend equal to or higher than the previous quarter. For 2014 , the actual dividend payout ratio was 95%, while the payout ratio of net income excluding estimated probable losses relating to Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC and the 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court decision was 74%.
II-13
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Discussion of the results of operations is divided into two parts – the Southern Company system's primary business of electricity sales and its other business activities.
| Amount | ||||||||||
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Electricity business | $ | 1,969 | |
| $ | 1,652 | |
| $ | 2,321 | |
Other business activities | (6 | ) |
| (8 | ) |
| 29 | | |||
Net Income | $ | 1,963 | |
| $ | 1,644 | |
| $ | 2,350 | |
Electricity Business
Southern Company's electric utilities generate and sell electricity to retail and wholesale customers in the Southeast.
A condensed statement of income for the electricity business follows:
| Amount | |
| Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year | |||||||
| 2014 |
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Electric operating revenues | $ | 18,406 | |
| $ | 1,371 | |
| $ | 557 | |
Fuel | 6,005 | |
| 495 | |
| 453 | | |||
Purchased power | 672 | |
| 211 | |
| (83 | ) | |||
Other operations and maintenance | 4,259 | |
| 481 | |
| 83 | | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,929 | |
| 43 | |
| 114 | | |||
Taxes other than income taxes | 979 | |
| 47 | |
| 20 | | |||
Estimated loss on Kemper IGCC | 868 | |
| (312 | ) |
| 1,180 | | |||
Total electric operating expenses | 14,712 | |
| 965 | |
| 1,767 | | |||
Operating income | 3,694 | |
| 406 | |
| (1,210 | ) | |||
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | 245 | |
| 55 | |
| 47 | | |||
Interest income | 18 | |
| - | |
| (4 | ) | |||
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | 794 | |
| 6 | |
| (32 | ) | |||
Other income (expense), net | (73 | ) |
| (18 | ) |
| 2 | | |||
Income taxes | 1,053 | |
| 118 | |
| (465 | ) | |||
Net income | 2,037 | |
| 319 | |
| (668 | ) | |||
Dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | 68 | |
| 2 | |
| 1 | | |||
Net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | $ | 1,969 | |
| $ | 317 | |
| $ | (669 | ) |
II-14
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Electric Operating Revenues
Electric operating revenues for 2014 were $18.4 billion , reflecting a $1.4 billion increase from 2013. Details of electric operating revenues were as follows:
| Amount | ||||||
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Retail - prior year | $ | 14,541 | |
| $ | 14,187 | |
Estimated change resulting from - |
|
|
| ||||
Rates and pricing | 300 | |
| 137 | | ||
Sales growth (decline) | 35 | |
| (2 | ) | ||
Weather | 236 | |
| (40 | ) | ||
Fuel and other cost recovery | 438 | |
| 259 | | ||
Retail - current year | 15,550 | |
| 14,541 | | ||
Wholesale revenues | 2,184 | |
| 1,855 | | ||
Other electric operating revenues | 672 | |
| 639 | | ||
Electric operating revenues | $ | 18,406 | |
| $ | 17,035 | |
Percent change | 8.0 | % |
| 3.4 | % |
Retail revenues increased $1.0 billion , or 6.9% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The significant factors driving this change are shown in the preceding table. The increase in rates and pricing in 2014 was primarily due to increased revenues at Georgia Power related to base tariff increases effective January 1, 2014, as approved by the Georgia PSC in the 2013 ARP, and increases in collections for financing costs related to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 through the NCCR tariff, as well as higher contributions from market-driven rates from commercial and industrial customers. Also contributing to the increase were increased revenues at Alabama Power associated with Rate CNP Environmental primarily resulting from the inclusion of pre-2005 environmental assets and increased revenues at Gulf Power primarily resulting from a retail base rate increase and an increase in the environmental cost recovery clause rate, both effective January 2014, as approved by the Florida PSC.
Retail revenues increased $354 million , or 2.5% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year. The significant factors driving this change are shown in the preceding table. The increase in rates and pricing in 2013 was primarily due to base tariff increases at Georgia Power effective April 1, 2012 and January 1, 2013, as approved by the Georgia PSC, related to placing new generating units at Plant McDonough-Atkinson in service and collecting financing costs related to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 through the NCCR tariff, as well as higher contributions from market-driven rates from commercial and industrial customers.
See Note 3 to the financial statements of Southern Company under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Rate CNP," " – Georgia Power – Rate Plans," and " – Gulf Power – Retail Base Rate Case" and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Rate Recovery of Kemper IGCC Costs – 2015 Mississippi Supreme Court Decision" for additional information. Also see "Energy Sales" below for a discussion of changes in the volume of energy sold, including changes related to sales growth (decline) and weather.
Electric rates for the traditional operating companies include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, including the energy component of purchased power costs. Under these provisions, fuel revenues generally equal fuel expenses, including the energy component of purchased power costs, and do not affect net income. The traditional operating companies may also have one or more regulatory mechanisms to recover other costs such as environmental, storm damage, new plants, and PPAs.
Wholesale revenues consist of PPAs with investor-owned utilities and electric cooperatives and short-term opportunity sales. Wholesale revenues from PPAs (other than solar PPAs) have both capacity and energy components. Capacity revenues reflect the recovery of fixed costs and a return on investment. Energy revenues will vary depending on fuel prices, the market prices of wholesale energy compared to the Southern Company system's generation, demand for energy within the Southern Company system's service territory, and the availability of the Southern Company system's generation. Increases and decreases in energy revenues that are driven by fuel prices are accompanied by an increase or decrease in fuel costs and do not have a significant impact on net income. Wholesale revenues at Mississippi Power include FERC-regulated municipal and rural association sales as well as market-based sales. Short-term opportunity sales are made at market-based rates that generally provide a margin above the Southern Company system's variable cost to produce the energy.
II-15
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Wholesale revenues from power sales were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Capacity and other | $ | 974 | |
| $ | 971 | |
| $ | 899 | |
Energy | 1,210 | |
| 884 | |
| 776 | | |||
Total | $ | 2,184 | |
| $ | 1,855 | |
| $ | 1,675 | |
In 2014, wholesale revenues increased $329 million , or 17.7% , as compared to the prior year due to a $326 million increase in energy revenues and a $3 million increase in capacity revenues. The increase in energy revenues was primarily related to increased revenue under existing contracts as well as new solar PPAs and requirements contracts primarily at Southern Power, increased demand resulting from colder weather in the first quarter 2014 as compared to the corresponding period in 2013, and an increase in the average cost of natural gas. The increase in capacity revenues was primarily due to wholesale base rate increases at Mississippi Power, partially offset by a decrease in capacity revenues primarily due to lower customer demand and the expiration of certain requirements contracts at Southern Power.
In 2013, wholesale revenues increased $180 million , or 10.7% , as compared to the prior year due to a $108 million increase in energy revenues and a $72 million increase in capacity revenues. The increase in energy revenues was primarily related to an increase in the average price of energy and new solar contracts served by Southern Power's Plants Campo Verde and Spectrum, which began in 2013, partially offset by a decrease in volume related to milder weather as compared to the prior year. The increase in capacity revenues was primarily due to a new PPA served by Southern Power's Plant Nacogdoches, which began in June 2012, and an increase in capacity revenues under existing PPAs.
Other Electric Revenues
Other electric revenues increased $33 million , or 5.2% , and $23 million , or 3.7% , in 2014 and 2013, respectively, as compared to the prior years. The 2014 increase was primarily due to increases in open access transmission tariff revenues and transmission service revenues primarily at Alabama Power and Georgia Power, an increase in co-generation steam revenues at Alabama Power, increases in outdoor lighting and solar application fee revenues at Georgia Power, as well as an increase in franchise fees at Gulf Power. The 2013 increase in other electric revenues was primarily a result of increases in transmission revenues related to the open access transmission tariff and rents from electric property related to pole attachments.
Energy Sales
Changes in revenues are influenced heavily by the change in the volume of energy sold from year to year. KWH sales for 2014 and the percent change from the prior year were as follows:
| Total KWHs |
| Total KWH Percent Change |
| Weather-Adjusted Percent Change | |||||||||
| 2014 |
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2014 |
| 2013* | |||||
| (in billions) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Residential | 53.4 | |
| 5.5 | % |
| 0.2 | % |
| - | % |
| (0.3 | )% |
Commercial | 53.2 | |
| 1.3 | |
| (0.9 | ) |
| (0.4 | ) |
| (0.1 | ) |
Industrial | 54.1 | |
| 3.3 | |
| 1.5 | |
| 3.3 | |
| 1.5 | |
Other | 0.9 | |
| 0.9 | |
| (1.8 | ) |
| 0.7 | |
| (1.9 | ) |
Total retail | 161.6 | |
| 3.3 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.9 | % |
| 0.4 | % |
Wholesale | 32.8 | |
| 21.7 | |
| (2.2 | ) |
|
|
|
| ||
Total energy sales | 194.4 | |
| 6.0 | % |
| (0.1 | )% |
|
|
|
|
* | In the first quarter 2012, Georgia Power began using new actual advanced meter data to compute unbilled revenues. The weather-adjusted KWH sales variances shown above reflect an adjustment to the estimated allocation of Georgia Power's unbilled January 2012 KWH sales among customer classes that is consistent with the actual allocation in 2013. Without this adjustment, 2013 weather-adjusted residential KWH sales decreased 0.5% as compared to 2012 while 2013 weather-adjusted commercial KWH sales increased 0.2% as compared to 2012. |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
2014 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2013 and customer growth, partially offset by a decrease in customer usage. The increase in industrial KWH energy sales was primarily due to increased sales in the primary metals, chemicals, paper, non-manufacturing, transportation, and stone, clay, and glass sectors. Weather-adjusted commercial KWH energy sales decreased primarily due to decreased customer usage, partially offset by customer growth. Weather-adjusted residential KWH energy sales were flat compared to the prior year as a result of customer growth offset by decreased customer usage. Household income, one of the primary drivers of residential customer usage, was flat in 2014.
Retail energy sales increased 403 million KWHs in 2013 as compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily the result of customer growth, partially offset by milder weather and a decrease in customer usage. Weather-adjusted residential and commercial energy sales remained relatively flat compared to the prior year with a decrease in customer usage, offset by customer growth. The increase in industrial energy sales was primarily due to increased demand in the paper, primary metals, and stone, clay, and glass sectors.
Wholesale energy sales increased 5.8 billion KWHs in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily related to higher natural gas prices and increased energy sales as a result of colder weather in the first quarter 2014 and warmer weather in the second and third quarters 2014 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2013. Wholesale energy sales decreased 619 million KWHs in 2013 as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily related to lower customer demand resulting from milder weather as compared to the prior year.
Fuel and Purchased Power Expenses
Fuel costs constitute the single largest expense for the electric utilities. The mix of fuel sources for generation of electricity is determined primarily by demand, the unit cost of fuel consumed, and the availability of generating units. Additionally, the electric utilities purchase a portion of their electricity needs from the wholesale market.
Details of the Southern Company system's generation and purchased power were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | |||
Total generation (billions of KWHs) | 191 | |
| 179 | |
| 175 | |
Total purchased power (billions of KWHs) | 12 | |
| 12 | |
| 16 | |
Sources of generation (percent) - |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Coal | 42 | |
| 39 | |
| 38 | |
Nuclear | 16 | |
| 17 | |
| 18 | |
Gas | 39 | |
| 40 | |
| 42 | |
Hydro | 3 | |
| 4 | |
| 2 | |
Cost of fuel, generated (cents per net KWH) - |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Coal | 3.81 | |
| 4.01 | |
| 3.96 | |
Nuclear | 0.87 | |
| 0.87 | |
| 0.83 | |
Gas | 3.63 | |
| 3.29 | |
| 2.86 | |
Average cost of fuel, generated (cents per net KWH) | 3.25 | |
| 3.17 | |
| 2.93 | |
Average cost of purchased power (cents per net KWH)* | 7.13 | |
| 5.27 | |
| 4.45 | |
* | Average cost of purchased power includes fuel purchased by the Southern Company system for tolling agreements where power is generated by the provider. |
In 2014, total fuel and purchased power expenses were $6.7 billion , an increase of $706 million , or 11.8% , as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily the result of a $422 million increase in the volume of KWHs generated primarily due to increased demand resulting from colder weather in the first quarter 2014 and warmer weather in the second and third quarters 2014 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2013 and a $286 million increase in the average cost of fuel and purchased power primarily due to higher natural gas prices.
In 2013, total fuel and purchased power expenses were $6.0 billion , an increase of $370 million , or 6.6% , as compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily the result of a $446 million increase in the average cost of fuel and purchased power primarily due to higher natural gas prices and a $113 million increase in the volume of KWHs generated, partially offset by a $189 million decrease in the volume of KWHs purchased as the marginal cost of generation available was lower than the market cost of available energy.
II-17
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Fuel and purchased power energy transactions at the traditional operating companies are generally offset by fuel revenues and do not have a significant impact on net income. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Retail Fuel Cost Recovery" herein for additional information. Fuel expenses incurred under Southern Power's PPAs are generally the responsibility of the counterparties and do not significantly impact net income.
Fuel
In 2014, fuel expense was $6.0 billion , an increase of $495 million , or 9.0% , as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 12.7% increase in the volume of KWHs generated by coal, a 10.3% increase in the average cost of natural gas per KWH generated, and a 30.7% decrease in the volume of KWHs generated by hydro facilities resulting from less rainfall, partially offset by a 5.0% decrease in the average cost of coal per KWH generated.
In 2013, fuel expense was $5.5 billion , an increase of $453 million , or 9.0% , as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 15.0% increase in the average cost of natural gas per KWH generated, partially offset by a 125.9% increase in the volume of KWHs generated by hydro facilities resulting from greater rainfall.
Purchased Power
In 2014, purchased power expense was $672 million , an increase of $211 million , or 45.8% , as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 35.3% increase in the average cost per KWH purchased.
In 2013, purchased power expense was $461 million , a decrease of $83 million , or 15.3% , as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to a 25.9% decrease in the volume of KWHs purchased as the marginal cost of generation available was lower than the market cost of available energy, partially offset by an 18.4% increase in the average cost per KWH purchased.
Energy purchases will vary depending on demand for energy within the Southern Company system's service territory, the market prices of wholesale energy as compared to the cost of the Southern Company system's generation, and the availability of the Southern Company system's generation.
Other Operations and Maintenance Expenses
Other operations and maintenance expenses increased $481 million , or 12.7% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily related to increases of $149 million in scheduled outage costs at generation facilities, $103 million in other generation expenses primarily related to commodity and labor costs, $103 million in transmission and distribution costs primarily related to overhead line maintenance, $42 million in net employee compensation and benefits including pension costs, and $31 million in customer accounts, service, and sales costs primarily related to customer incentive and demand-side management programs.
Other operations and maintenance expenses increased $83 million , or 2.2% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year. Other operations and maintenance expenses in 2013 were significantly below normal levels as a result of cost containment efforts undertaken primarily at Georgia Power to offset the impact of significantly milder than normal weather conditions. Administrative and general expenses increased $63 million primarily as a result of an increase in pension costs. Transmission and distribution expenses increased $27 million primarily due to increases at Georgia Power in transmission system load expense resulting from billing adjustments with integrated transmission system owners.
Production expenses and transmission and distribution expenses fluctuate from year to year due to variations in outage and maintenance schedules and normal changes in the cost of labor and materials.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $43 million , or 2.3% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to increases in depreciation rates related to environmental assets and the amortization of certain regulatory assets at Alabama Power and the completion of the amortization of certain regulatory liabilities at Georgia Power. Also contributing to the increase were increases at Southern Power in plant in service related to the addition of solar facilities in 2013 and 2014, an increase related to equipment retirements resulting from accelerated outage work, and additional component depreciation as a result of increased production. These increases were largely offset by the amortization of $120 million of the regulatory liability for other cost of removal obligations at Alabama Power. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Rate CNP" and "– Cost of Removal Accounting Order" for additional information.
Depreciation and amortization increased $114 million , or 6.4% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to additional plant in service related to the completion of Georgia Power's Plant McDonough-Atkinson Units 5 and 6 in April 2012 and October 2012, respectively, and six Southern Power plants between June 2012 and October 2013, certain coal unit retirement
II-18
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
decisions (with respect to the portion of such units dedicated to wholesale service) at Georgia Power, and additional transmission and distribution projects. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Integrated Resource Plans" for additional information on Georgia Power's unit retirement decisions. These increases were partially offset by a net reduction in amortization primarily related to amortization of a regulatory liability for state income tax credits at Georgia Power and by the deferral of certain expenses under an accounting order at Alabama Power. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Compliance and Pension Cost Accounting Order" for additional information on Alabama Power's accounting order.
See Note 1 to the financial statements under "Regulatory Assets and Liabilities" and "Depreciation and Amortization" for additional information.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
Taxes other than income taxes increased $47 million , or 5.0% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to increases of $34 million in municipal franchise fees related to higher retail revenues in 2014 and $16 million in payroll taxes primarily related to higher employee benefits.
Taxes other than income taxes increased $20 million , or 2.2% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to increases in property taxes.
Estimated Loss on Kemper IGCC
In 2014 and 2013, estimated probable losses on the Kemper IGCC of $868 million and $1.2 billion , respectively, were recorded at Southern Company. These losses reflect revisions of estimated costs expected to be incurred on Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC in excess of the $2.88 billion cost cap established by the Mississippi PSC, net of $245 million of grants awarded to the project by the DOE under the Clean Coal Power Initiative Round 2 (DOE Grants) and excluding the cost of the lignite mine and equipment, the cost of the CO 2 pipeline facilities, AFUDC, and certain general exceptions, including change of law, force majeure, and beneficial capital (which exists when Mississippi Power demonstrates that the purpose and effect of the construction cost increase is to produce efficiencies that will result in a neutral or favorable effect on customers relative to the original proposal for the CPCN) (Cost Cap Exceptions). See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Construction Program" herein and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
AFUDC equity increased $55 million , or 28.9% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to additional capital expenditures at the traditional operating companies, primarily related to environmental and transmission projects, as well as Mississippi Power's Kemper IGCC.
AFUDC equity increased $47 million , or 32.9% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in CWIP related to Mississippi Power's Kemper IGCC and increased capital expenditures at Alabama Power, partially offset by the completion of Georgia Power's Plant McDonough-Atkinson Units 5 and 6 in 2012.
See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information regarding the Kemper IGCC.
Interest Expense, Net of Amounts Capitalized
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized increased $6 million , or 0.8% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to a higher amount of outstanding long-term debt and an increase in interest expense resulting from the deposits received by Mississippi Power in January and October 2014 related to SMEPA's pending purchase of an undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense related to the refinancing of long-term debt at lower rates and an increase in capitalized interest. See Note 6 to the financial statements for additional information.
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized decreased $32 million , or 3.9% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to lower interest rates, the timing of issuances and redemptions of long-term debt, an increase in capitalized interest primarily resulting from AFUDC debt associated with Mississippi Power's Kemper IGCC, and an increase in capitalized interest associated with the construction of Southern Power's Plants Campo Verde and Spectrum. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease in capitalized interest resulting from the completion of Southern Power's Plants Nacogdoches and Cleveland, a reduction in AFUDC debt due to the completion of Georgia Power's Plant McDonough-Atkinson Units 5 and 6, and the conclusion of certain state and federal tax audits in 2012.
II-19
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net decreased $18 million , or 32.7% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to an $8 million decrease in wholesale operating fee revenue at Georgia Power and $7 million associated with Mississippi Power's settlement with the Sierra Club. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Other Matters – Sierra Club Settlement Agreement" for additional information.
Income Taxes
Income taxes increased $118 million , or 12.6% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings, partially offset by an increase in non-taxable AFUDC equity and an increase in tax benefits related to federal ITCs.
Income taxes decreased $465 million , or 33.2% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings, an increase in tax benefits recognized from ITCs at Southern Power, and a net increase in non-taxable AFUDC equity, partially offset by a decrease in state income tax credits, primarily at Georgia Power.
Other Business Activities
Southern Company's other business activities include the parent company (which does not allocate operating expenses to business units), investments in leveraged lease projects, and telecommunications. These businesses are classified in general categories and may comprise one or both of the following subsidiaries: Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings) invests in various projects, including leveraged lease projects, and SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast.
A condensed statement of income for Southern Company's other business activities follows:
| Amount |
| Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year | ||||||||
| 2014 |
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 61 | |
| $ | 9 | |
| $ | (7 | ) |
Other operations and maintenance | 95 | |
| 27 | |
| (9 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 16 | |
| 1 | |
| - | | |||
Taxes other than income taxes | 2 | |
| - | |
| - | | |||
Total operating expenses | 113 | |
| 28 | |
| (9 | ) | |||
Operating income (loss) | (52 | ) |
| (19 | ) |
| 2 | | |||
Interest income | 1 | |
| - | |
| (17 | ) | |||
Other income (expense), net | 10 | |
| 36 | |
| (45 | ) | |||
Interest expense | 41 | |
| 5 | |
| (3 | ) | |||
Income taxes | (76 | ) |
| 10 | |
| (20 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) | $ | (6 | ) |
| $ | 2 | |
| $ | (37 | ) |
Operating Revenues
Southern Company's non-electric operating revenues for these other business activities increased $9 million , or 17.3% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily related to higher operating revenues at Southern Holdings, partially o ffset by decreases in revenues at SouthernLINC Wireless related to lower average per subscriber revenue and fewer subscribers due to continued competition in the industry. Non-electric operating revenues for these other businesses decreased $7 million , or 11.9% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily the result of decreases in revenues at SouthernLINC Wireless related to lower average per subscriber revenue and fewer subscribers due to continued competition in the industry.
Other Operations and Maintenance Expenses
Other operations and maintenance expenses for these other business activities increased $27 million , or 39.7% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to insurance proceeds received in 2013 related to a litigation settlement with MC Asset Recovery, LLC and higher operating expenses at Southern Holdings. Other operations and maintenance expenses for these other business activities decreased $9 million , or 11.7% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year. The decrease
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was primarily related to lower operating expenses at SouthernLINC Wireless and decreases in consulting and legal fees, partially offset by higher operating expenses at Southern Holdings and a decrease in the amount of insurance proceeds received in 2013 related to a litigation settlement with MC Asset Recovery, LLC as compared to the amount received in 2012. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Insurance Recovery" for additional information related to the litigation settlement with MC Asset Recovery, LLC.
Interest Income
Interest income for these other business activities decreased $17 million in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily due to the conclusion of certain federal income tax audits in 2012.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net for these other business activities increased $36 million in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to the restructuring of a leveraged lease investment in the first quarter of 2013 and a decrease in charitable contributions in 2014. Other income (expense), net for these other business activities decreased $45 million in 2013 as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to the restructuring of a leveraged lease investment and an increase in charitable contributions.
Southern Company has several leveraged lease agreements which relate to international and domestic energy generation, distribution, and transportation assets. Southern Company receives federal income tax deductions for depreciation and amortization, as well as interest on long-term debt related to these investments. See Note 1 under "Leveraged Leases" for additional information.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for these other business activities increased $5 million , or 13.9% , in 2014 as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a higher amount of outstanding long-term debt, partially offset by the refinancing of long-term debt at lower rates.
Income Taxes
Income taxes for these other business activities increased $10 million , or 11.6% , in 2014 and decreased $20 million , or 30.3% , in 2013 as compared to the prior year primarily as a result of changes in pre-tax earnings (losses).
Effects of Inflation
The traditional operating companies are subject to rate regulation that is generally based on the recovery of historical and projected costs. The effects of inflation can create an economic loss since the recovery of costs could be in dollars that have less purchasing power. Southern Power is party to long-term contracts reflecting market-based rates, including inflation expectations. Any adverse effect of inflation on Southern Company's results of operations has not been substantial in recent years.
FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL
General
The four traditional operating companies operate as vertically integrated utilities providing electricity to customers within their service areas in the Southeast. Prices for electricity provided to retail customers are set by state PSCs under cost-based regulatory principles. Prices for wholesale electricity sales, interconnecting transmission lines, and the exchange of electric power are regulated by the FERC. Retail rates and earnings are reviewed and may be adjusted periodically within certain limitations. Southern Power continues to focus on long-term capacity contracts, optimized by limited energy trading activities. See ACCOUNTING POLICIES – "Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Electric Utility Regulation" herein and Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information about regulatory matters.
The results of operations for the past three years are not necessarily indicative of future earnings potential. The level of Southern Company's future earnings depends on numerous factors that affect the opportunities, challenges, and risks of the Southern Company system's primary business of selling electricity. These factors include the traditional operating companies' ability to maintain a constructive regulatory environment that continues to allow for the timely recovery of prudently-incurred costs during a time of increasing costs and the completion and subsequent operation of the Kemper IGCC and Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 as well as other ongoing construction projects. Other major factors include the profitability of the competitive wholesale business and successfully expanding investments in renewable energy projects. Future earnings for the electricity business in the near term will depend, in part, upon maintaining and growing sales which are subject to a number of factors. These factors include weather, competition, new energy contracts with other utilities and other wholesale customers, energy conservation practiced by
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customers, the use of alternative energy sources by customers, the price of electricity, the price elasticity of demand, and the rate of economic growth or decline in the service territory. In addition, the level of future earnings for the wholesale business also depends on numerous factors including creditworthiness of customers, total generating capacity available and related costs, future acquisitions and construction of generating facilities, including the impact of ITCs, and the successful remarketing of capacity as current contracts expire. Changes in regional and global economic conditions may impact sales for the traditional operating companies and Southern Power, as the pace of the economic recovery remains uncertain. The timing and extent of the economic recovery will impact growth and may impact future earnings.
As part of its ongoing effort to adapt to changing market conditions, Southern Company continues to evaluate and consider a wide array of potential business strategies. These strategies may include business combinations, partnerships, and acquisitions involving other utility or non-utility businesses or properties, disposition of certain assets, internal restructuring, or some combination thereof. Furthermore, Southern Company may engage in new business ventures that arise from competitive and regulatory changes in the utility industry. Pursuit of any of the above strategies, or any combination thereof, may significantly affect the business operations, risks, and financial condition of Southern Company.
Environmental Matters
Compliance costs related to federal and state environmental statutes and regulations could affect earnings if such costs cannot continue to be fully recovered in rates on a timely basis or through market-based contracts. Environmental compliance spending over the next several years may differ materially from the amounts estimated. The timing, specific requirements, and estimated costs could change as environmental statutes and regulations are adopted or modified. Further, higher costs that are recovered through regulated rates could contribute to reduced demand for electricity, which could negatively affect results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Environmental Matters" for additional information.
New Source Review Actions
As part of a nationwide enforcement initiative against the electric utility industry which began in 1999, the EPA brought civil enforcement actions in federal district court against Alabama Power and Georgia Power alleging violations of the New Source Review provisions of the Clean Air Act at certain coal-fired electric generating units, including units co-owned by Gulf Power and Mississippi Power. An adverse outcome could require substantial capital expenditures that cannot be determined at this time and could possibly require payment of substantial penalties. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Environmental Matters – New Source Review Actions" for additional information. The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time.
Environmental Statutes and Regulations
General
The electric utilities' operations are subject to extensive regulation by state and federal environmental agencies under a variety of statutes and regulations governing environmental media, including air, water, and land resources. Applicable statutes include the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; the Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act; the Endangered Species Act; and related federal and state regulations. Compliance with these environmental requirements involves significant capital and operating costs, a major portion of which is expected to be recovered through existing ratemaking provisions. Through 2014 , the traditional operating companies had invested approximately $10.6 billion in environmental capital retrofit projects to comply with these requirements, with annual totals of approximately $1.1 billion, $0.7 billion, and $0.3 billion for 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 , respectively. The Southern Company system expects that capital expenditures to comply with environmental statutes and regulations will total approximately $2.1 billion from 2015 through 2017 , with annual totals of approximately $1.0 billion , $0.5 billion , and $0.6 billion for 2015 , 2016 , and 2017 , respectively. These estimated expenditures do not include any potential compliance costs that may arise from the EPA's proposed rules that would limit CO 2 emissions from new, existing, and modified or reconstructed fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units. See "Global Climate Issues" for additional information.
The Southern Company system's ultimate environmental compliance strategy, including potential unit retirement and replacement decisions, and future environmental capital expenditures will be affected by the final requirements of new or revised environmental regulations and regulations relating to global climate change that are promulgated, including the proposed environmental regulations described below; the outcome of any legal challenges to the environmental rules; the cost, availability, and existing inventory of emissions allowances; and the fuel mix of the electric utilities. Compliance costs may arise from existing unit retirements, installation of additional environmental controls, upgrades to the transmission system, closure and
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monitoring of CCR facilities, and adding or changing fuel sources for certain existing units. The ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be determined at this time. See "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Environmental Accounting Order" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Integrated Resource Plans" herein and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Other Matters – Sierra Club Settlement Agreement" for additional information on planned unit retirements and fuel conversions at Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Mississippi Power.
Compliance with any new federal or state legislation or regulations relating to air quality, water, CCR, global climate change, or other environmental and health concerns could significantly affect the Company. Although new or revised environmental legislation or regulations could affect many areas of the electric utilities' operations, the full impact of any such changes cannot be determined at this time. Additionally, many of the electric utilities' commercial and industrial customers may also be affected by existing and future environmental requirements, which for some may have the potential to ultimately affect their demand for electricity.
Air Quality
Compliance with the Clean Air Act and resulting regulations has been and will continue to be a significant focus for the Southern Company system. Since 1990, the electric utilities have spent approximately $9.5 billion in reducing and monitoring emissions pursuant to the Clean Air Act. Additional controls are currently planned or under consideration to further reduce air emissions, maintain compliance with existing regulations, and meet new requirements.
In 2012, the EPA finalized the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) rule, which imposes stringent emissions limits for acid gases, mercury, and particulate matter on coal- and oil-fired electric utility steam generating units. Compliance for existing sources is required by April 16, 2015 up to April 16, 2016 for affected units for which extensions have been granted. On November 25, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court granted a petition for review of the final MATS rule.
The EPA regulates ground level ozone concentrations through implementation of an eight-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). In 2008, the EPA adopted a more stringent eight-hour ozone NAAQS, which it began to implement in 2011. In 2012, the EPA published its final determination of nonattainment areas based on the 2008 eight-hour ozone NAAQS. The only area within the traditional operating companies' service territory designated as an ozone nonattainment area is a 15-county area within metropolitan Atlanta. On December 17, 2014, the EPA published a proposed rule to further reduce the current eight-hour ozone standard. The EPA is required by federal court order to complete this rulemaking by October 1, 2015. Finalization of a lower eight-hour ozone standard could result in the designation of new ozone nonattainment areas within the traditional operating companies' service territory.
The EPA regulates fine particulate matter concentrations on an annual and 24-hour average basis. All areas within the traditional operating companies' service territory have achieved attainment with the 1997 and 2006 particulate matter NAAQS and, with the exception of the Atlanta area, the EPA has officially redesignated former nonattainment areas within the service territory as attainment for these standards. A redesignation request for the Atlanta area is pending with the EPA. In 2012, the EPA issued a final rule that increases the stringency of the annual fine particulate matter standard. The EPA promulgated final designations for the 2012 annual standard on December 18, 2014, and no new nonattainment areas were designated within the traditional operating companies' service territory. The EPA has, however, deferred designation decisions for certain areas in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, so future nonattainment designations in these areas are possible.
Final revisions to the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) , which established a new one-hour standard, became effective in 2010. No areas within the Southern Company system's service territory have been designated as nonattainment under this rule. However, the EPA has announced plans to make additional designation decisions for SO 2 in the future, which could result in nonattainment designations for areas within the Southern Company system's service territory. Implementation of the revised SO 2 standard could require additional reductions in SO 2 emissions and increased compliance and operational costs.
On February 13, 2014, the EPA proposed to delete from the Alabama State Implementation Plan (SIP) the Alabama opacity rule that the EPA approved in 2008, which provides operational flexibility to affected units. In March 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit ruled in favor of Alabama Power and vacated an earlier attempt by the EPA to rescind its 2008 approval. The EPA's latest proposal characterizes the proposed deletion as an error correction within the meaning of the Clean Air Act. Alabama Power believes this interpretation of the Clean Air Act to be incorrect. If finalized, this proposed action could affect unit availability and result in increased operations and maintenance costs for affected units, including units owned by Alabama Power, units co-owned with Mississippi Power, and units owned by SEGCO, which is jointly owned by Alabama Power and Georgia Power.
Each of the states in which the Southern Company system has fossil generation is subject to the requirements of the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). CSAPR is an emissions trading program that limits SO 2 and nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants in 28 states in two phases, with Phase I beginning in 2015 and Phase II beginning in 2017. In 2012, the U.S. Court of
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Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated CSAPR in its entirety, but on April 29, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned that decision and remanded the case back to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for further proceedings. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted the EPA's motion to lift the stay of the rule, and the first phase of CSAPR took effect on January 1, 2015.
The EPA finalized the Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR) in 2005, with a goal of restoring natural visibility conditions in certain areas (primarily national parks and wilderness areas) by 2064. The rule involves the application of best available retrofit technology to certain sources, including fossil fuel-fired generating facilities, built between 1962 and 1977 and any additional emissions reductions necessary for each designated area to achieve reasonable progress toward the natural visibility conditions goal by 2018 and for each 10-year period thereafter.
In 2012, the EPA published proposed revisions to the New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for Stationary Combustion Turbines (CTs). If finalized as proposed, the revisions would apply the NSPS to all new, reconstructed, and modified CTs (including CTs at combined cycle units), during all periods of operation, including startup and shutdown, and alter the criteria for determining when an existing CT has been reconstructed.
In February 2013, the EPA proposed a rule that would require certain states to revise the provisions of their SIPs relating to the regulation of excess emissions at industrial facilities, including fossil fuel-fired generating facilities, during periods of startup, shut-down, or malfunction (SSM). The EPA proposed to supplement the 2013 proposed rule on September 17, 2014, making it more stringent. The EPA has entered into a settlement agreement requiring it to finalize the proposed rule by May 22, 2015. The proposed rule would require states subject to the rule (including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina) to revise their SSM provisions within 18 months after issuance of the final rule.
The Southern Company system has developed and continually updates a comprehensive environmental compliance strategy to assess compliance obligations associated with the current and proposed environmental requirements discussed above. As part of this strategy, certain of the traditional operating companies have developed a compliance plan for the MATS rule which includes reliance on existing emission control technologies, the construction of baghouses to provide an additional level of control on the emissions of mercury and particulates from certain generating units, the use of additives or other injection technology, the use of existing or additional natural gas capability, and unit retirements. Additionally, certain transmission system upgrades are required. The impacts of the eight-hour ozone, fine particulate matter and SO 2 NAAQS, the Alabama opacity rule, CSAPR, CAVR, the MATS rule, the NSPS for CTs, and the SSM rule on the Southern Company system cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the specific provisions of the proposed and final rules, the resolution of pending and future legal challenges, and/or the development and implementation of rules at the state level. These regulations could result in significant additional compliance costs that could affect future unit retirement and replacement decisions and results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
In addition to the federal air quality laws described above, Georgia Power is also subject to the requirements of the 2007 State of Georgia Multi-Pollutant Rule. The Multi-Pollutant Rule, as amended, is designed to reduce emissions of mercury, SO 2 , and nitrogen oxide state-wide by requiring the installation of specified control technologies at certain coal-fired generating units by specific dates between December 31, 2008 and April 16, 2015. A companion rule requires a 95% reduction in SO 2 emissions from the controlled units on the same or similar timetable. Through December 31, 2014 , Georgia Power had installed the required controls on 14 of its coal-fired generating units with two additional projects to be completed before the unit-specific installation deadlines.
Water Quality
The EPA's final rule establishing standards for reducing effects on fish and other aquatic life caused by new and existing cooling water intake structures at existing power plants and manufacturing facilities became effective on October 14, 2014. The effect of this final rule will depend on the results of additional studies and implementation of the rule by regulators based on site-specific factors. The ultimate impact of this rule will also depend on the outcome of ongoing legal challenges and cannot be determined at this time.
In June 2013, the EPA published a proposed rule which requested comments on a range of potential regulatory options for addressing revised technology-based limits for certain wastestreams from steam electric power plants and best management practices for CCR surface impoundments. The EPA has entered into a consent decree requiring it to finalize revisions to the steam electric effluent guidelines by September 30, 2015. The ultimate impact of the rule will also depend on the specific technology requirements of the final rule and the outcome of any legal challenges and cannot be determined at this time.
On April 21, 2014, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jointly published a proposed rule to revise the regulatory definition of waters of the U.S. for all Clean Water Act (CWA) programs, which would significantly expand the scope of federal jurisdiction under the CWA. In addition, the rule as proposed could have significant impacts on economic development projects
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which could affect customer demand growth. The ultimate impact of the proposed rule will depend on the specific requirements of the final rule and the outcome of any legal challenges and cannot be determined at this time. If finalized as proposed, this rule could significantly increase permitting and regulatory requirements and costs associated with the siting of new facilities and the installation, expansion, and maintenance of transmission and distribution lines.
These proposed and final water quality regulations could result in significant additional capital expenditures and compliance costs that could affect future unit retirement and replacement decisions. Also, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates or through PPAs.
Coal Combustion Residuals
The traditional operating companies currently manage CCR at onsite storage units consisting of landfills and surface impoundments (CCR Units) at 22 electric generating plants. In addition to on-site storage, the traditional operating companies also sell a portion of their CCR to third parties for beneficial reuse. Individual states regulate CCR and the states in the Southern Company system's service territory each have their own regulatory requirements. Each traditional operating company has an inspection program in place to assist in maintaining the integrity of its coal ash surface impoundments.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in CCR Units at active generating power plants. The CCR Rule does not mandate closure of CCR Units, but includes minimum criteria for active and inactive surface impoundments containing CCR and liquids, lateral expansions of existing units, and active landfills. Failure to meet the minimum criteria can result in the mandated closure of a CCR Unit. Although the EPA does not require individual states to adopt the final criteria, states have the option to incorporate the federal criteria into their state solid waste management plans in order to regulate CCR in a manner consistent with federal standards. The EPA's final rule continues to exclude the beneficial use of CCR from regulation.
The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the traditional operating companies' ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain ; however, Southern Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $860 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $140 million . Certain of the traditional operating companies have previously recorded asset retirement obligations (ARO) associated with ash ponds of $506 million , or $468 million on a nominal dollar basis, based on existing state requirements. During 2015, the traditional operating companies will record AROs for any incremental estimated closure costs resulting from acceleration in the timing of any currently planned closures and for differences between existing state requirements and the requirements of the CCR Rule. Southern Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Environmental Remediation
The Southern Company system must comply with other environmental laws and regulations that cover the handling and disposal of waste and releases of hazardous substances. Under these various laws and regulations, the Southern Company system could incur substantial costs to clean up properties. The traditional operating companies conduct studies to determine the extent of any required cleanup and the Company has recognized in its financial statements the costs to clean up known impacted sites. Amounts for cleanup and ongoing monitoring costs were not material for any year presented. The traditional operating companies have each received authority from their respective state PSCs to recover approved environmental compliance costs through regulatory mechanisms. These rates are adjusted annually or as necessary within limits approved by the state PSCs. The traditional operating companies may be liable for some or all required cleanup costs for additional sites that may require environmental remediation. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Environmental Matters – Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Global Climate Issues
In 2014, the EPA published three sets of proposed standards that would limit CO 2 emissions from new, existing, and modified or reconstructed fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units. On January 8, 2014, the EPA published proposed standards for new units, and, on June 18, 2014, the EPA published proposed standards governing existing units, known as the Clean Power Plan, and separate standards governing CO 2 emissions from modified and reconstructed units. The EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan establishes guidelines for states to develop plans to address CO 2 emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired electric generating units. The EPA's proposed guidelines establish state-specific interim and final CO 2 emission rate goals to be achieved between 2020 and 2029 and in 2030 and thereafter. The proposed guidelines and standards could result in operational restrictions and material compliance costs, including capital expenditures, which could affect future unit retirement and replacement decisions. Southern
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Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates or through market-based contracts.
The Southern Company system filed comments on the EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan on December 1, 2014. These comments addressed legal and technical issues in addition to providing a preliminary estimated cost of complying with the proposed guidelines utilizing one of the EPA's compliance scenarios. Costs associated with this proposal could be significant to the utility industry and the Southern Company system. However, the ultimate financial and operational impact of the proposed Clean Power Plan on the Southern Company system cannot be determined at this time and will depend upon numerous known and unknown factors. Some of the unknown factors include: the structure, timing, and content of the EPA's final guidelines; individual state implementation of these guidelines, including the potential that state plans impose different standards; additional rulemaking activities in response to legal challenges and related court decisions; the impact of future changes in generation and emissions-related technology and costs; the impact of future decisions regarding unit retirement and replacement, including the type and amount of any such replacement capacity; and the time periods over which compliance will be required.
Over the past several years, the U.S. Congress has also considered many proposals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mandate renewable or clean energy, and impose energy efficiency standards. Such proposals are expected to continue to be considered by the U.S. Congress. International climate change negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are also continuing.
The EPA's greenhouse gas reporting rule requires annual reporting of CO 2 equivalent emissions in metric tons for a company's operational control of facilities. Based on ownership or financial control of facilities, the Southern Company system's 2013 greenhouse gas emissions were approximately 102 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalent. The preliminary estimate of the Southern Company system's 2014 greenhouse gas emissions on the same basis is approximately 112 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalent. The level of greenhouse gas emissions from year to year will depend on the level of generation, the mix of fuel sources, and other factors.
Retail Regulatory Matters
Alabama Power
Alabama Power 's revenues from regulated retail operations are collected through various rate mechanisms subject to the oversight of the Alabama PSC. Alabama Power currently recovers its costs from the regulated retail business primarily through Rate RSE, Rate CNP, Rate ECR, and Rate NDR. In addition, the Alabama PSC issues accounting orders to address current events impacting Alabama Power. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power" for additional information regarding Alabama Power's rate mechanisms and accounting orders.
Rate RSE
Alabama Power's Rate RSE adjustments are based on forward-looking information for the applicable upcoming calendar year. Rate adjustments for any two -year period, when averaged together, cannot exceed 4.0% and any annual adjustment is limited to 5.0% . If Alabama Power's actual retail return is above the allowed weighted cost of equity (WCE) range, customer refunds will be required; however, there is no provision for additional customer billings should the actual retail return fall below the WCE range.
On December 1, 2014, Alabama Power submitted the required annual filing under Rate RSE to the Alabama PSC. The Rate RSE increase was 3.49%, or $181 million annually, effective January 1, 2015. The revenue adjustment includes the performance based adder of 0.07%. Under the terms of Rate RSE, the maximum increase for 2016 cannot exceed 4.51%.
Rate CNP
Alabama Power's retail rates, approved by the Alabama PSC, provide for adjustments to recognize the placing of new generating facilities into retail service under Rate CNP. Alabama Power may also recover retail costs associated with certificated PPAs under Rate CNP PPA. On March 4, 2014, the Alabama PSC issued a consent order that Alabama Power leave in effect the current Rate CNP PPA factor for billings for the period April 1, 2014 through March 31, 2015. It is anticipated that no adjustment will be made to Rate CNP PPA in 2015.
Alabama Power has elected the normal purchase normal sale (NPNS) scope exception under the derivative accounting rules for its two wind PPAs, which total approximately 400 MWs. The NPNS exception allows the PPAs to be recorded at a cost, rather than fair value, basis. The industry's application of the NPNS exception to certain physical forward transactions in nodal markets was previously under review by the SEC at the request of the electric utility industry. In June 2014, the SEC requested the Financial Accounting Standards Board to address the issue through the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF). Any accounting decisions will now be subject to EITF deliberations. The outcome of the EITF's deliberations cannot be determined at this time. If
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Alabama Power is ultimately required to record these PPAs at fair value, an offsetting regulatory asset or regulatory liability will be recorded.
Rate CNP Environmental allows for the recovery of Alabama Power's retail costs associated with environmental laws, regulations, or other such mandates. Rate CNP Environmental is based on forward-looking information and provides for the recovery of these costs pursuant to a factor that is calculated annually. Environmental costs to be recovered include operations and maintenance expenses, depreciation, and a return on certain invested capital. The Rate CNP Environmental increase effective January 1, 2015 is 1.5%, or $75 million annually, based upon projected billings.
Environmental Accounting Order
Based on an order from the Alabama PSC, Alabama Power is allowed to establish a regulatory asset to record the unrecovered investment costs, including the unrecovered plant asset balance and the unrecovered costs associated with site removal and closure associated with future unit retirements caused by environmental regulations. These costs would be amortized over the affected unit's remaining useful life, as established prior to the decision regarding early retirement. See "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations" herein for additional information regarding environmental regulations.
As part of its environmental compliance strategy, Alabama Power plans to retire Plant Gorgas Units 6 and 7. These units represent 200 MWs of Alabama Power's approximately 12,200 MWs of generating capacity. Alabama Power also plans to cease using coal at Plant Barry Units 1 and 2 (250 MWs), but such units will remain available on a limited basis with natural gas as the fuel source. Additionally, Alabama Power expects to cease using coal at Plant Barry Unit 3 (225 MWs) and Plant Greene County Units 1 and 2 (300 MWs) and begin operating those units solely on natural gas. These plans are expected to be effective no later than April 2016.
In accordance with an accounting order from the Alabama PSC, Alabama Power will transfer the unrecovered plant asset balances to a regulatory asset at their respective retirement dates. The regulatory asset will be amortized through Rate CNP Environmental over the remaining useful lives, as established prior to the decision for retirement. As a result, these decisions will not have a significant impact on Southern Company's financial statements.
Cost of Removal Accounting Order
In accordance with an accounting order issued on November 3, 2014 by the Alabama PSC, at December 31, 2014, Alabama Power fully amortized the balance of $123 million in certain regulatory asset accounts, and offset this amortization expense with the amortization of $120 million of the regulatory liability for other cost of removal obligations. The regulatory asset account balances amortized as of December 31, 2014 represented costs previously deferred under a compliance and pension cost accounting order as well as a non-nuclear outage accounting order, which were approved by the Alabama PSC in 2012 and August 2013, respectively. Approximately $95 million of non-nuclear outage costs and $28 million of compliance and pension costs were fully amortized at December 31, 2014.
The cost of removal accounting order also required Alabama Power to terminate, as of December 31, 2014, the regulatory asset accounts created pursuant to the compliance and pension cost accounting order and the non-nuclear outage accounting order. Consequently, Alabama Power will not defer any expenditures in 2015, 2016, and 2017 related to critical electric infrastructure and domestic nuclear facilities, as allowed under the previous orders.
Non-Environmental Federal Mandated Costs Accounting Order
On December 9, 2014, pending the development of a new cost recovery mechanism, the Alabama PSC issued an accounting order authorizing the deferral as a regulatory asset of up to $50 million of costs associated with non-environmental federal mandates that would otherwise impact rates in 2015.
On February 17, 2015, Alabama Power filed a proposed modification to Rate CNP Environmental with the Alabama PSC to include compliance costs for both environmental and non-environmental mandates. The non-environmental costs that would be recovered through the revised mechanism concern laws, regulations, and other mandates directed at the utility industry involving the security, reliability, safety, sustainability, or similar considerations impacting Alabama Power's facilities or operations. If approved as requested, the effective date for the revised mechanism would be March 20, 2015, upon which the regulatory asset balance would be reclassified to the under recovered balance for Rate CNP Environmental, and the related customer rates would not become effective before January 2016. The ultimate outcome of this matter cannot be determined at this time.
Georgia Power
Georgia Power's revenues from regulated retail operations are collected through various rate mechanisms subject to the oversight of the Georgia PSC. Georgia Power currently recovers its costs from the regulated retail business through the 2013 ARP, which
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includes traditional base tariff rates, Demand-Side Management (DSM) tariffs, Environmental Compliance Cost Recovery (ECCR) tariffs, and Municipal Franchise Fee (MFF) tariffs. In addition, financing costs related to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 are being collected through the NCCR tariff and fuel costs are collected through separate fuel cost recovery tariffs. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power" for additional information.
Rate Plans
In December 2013, the Georgia PSC voted to approve the 2013 ARP. The 2013 ARP reflects the settlement agreement among Georgia Power, the Georgia PSC's Public Interest Advocacy Staff, and 11 of the 13 intervenors, which was filed with the Georgia PSC in November 2013.
On January 1, 2014, in accordance with the 2013 ARP, Georgia Power increased its tariffs as follows: (1) traditional base tariff rates by approximately $80 million ; (2) ECCR tariff by approximately $25 million ; (3) DSM tariffs by approximately $1 million ; and (4) MFF tariff by approximately $4 million , for a total increase in base revenues of approximately $110 million .
On February 19, 2015, in accordance with the 2013 ARP, the Georgia PSC approved adjustments to traditional base, ECCR, DSM, and MFF tariffs effective January 1, 2015 as follows:
• | Traditional base tariffs by approximately $107 million to cover additional capacity costs; |
• | ECCR tariff by approximately $23 million ; |
• | DSM tariffs by approximately $3 million ; and |
• | MFF tariff by approximately $3 million to reflect the adjustments above. |
The sum of these adjustments resulted in a base revenue increase of approximately $136 million in 2015.
The 2016 base rate increase, which was approved in the 2013 ARP, will be determined through a compliance filing expected to be filed in late 2015, and will be subject to review by the Georgia PSC.
Under the 2013 ARP, Georgia Power's retail ROE is set at 10.95% and earnings are evaluated against a retail ROE range of 10.00% to 12.00%. Two-thirds of any earnings above 12.00% will be directly refunded to customers, with the remaining one-third retained by Georgia Power. There will be no recovery of any earnings shortfall below 10.00% on an actual basis. However, if at any time during the term of the 2013 ARP, Georgia Power projects that its retail earnings will be below 10.00% for any calendar year, it may petition the Georgia PSC for implementation of the Interim Cost Recovery (ICR) tariff that would be used to adjust Georgia Power's earnings back to a 10.00% retail ROE. The Georgia PSC would have 90 days to rule on Georgia Power's request. The ICR tariff will expire at the earlier of January 1, 2017 or the end of the calendar year in which the ICR tariff becomes effective. In lieu of requesting implementation of an ICR tariff, or if the Georgia PSC chooses not to implement the ICR tariff, Georgia Power may file a full rate case. In 2014, Georgia Power's retail ROE exceeded 12.00% , and Georgia Power expects to refund to retail customers approximately $13 million in 2015, subject to review and approval by the Georgia PSC.
Except as provided above, Georgia Power will not file for a general base rate increase while the 2013 ARP is in effect. Georgia Power is required to file a general rate case by July 1, 2016, in response to which the Georgia PSC would be expected to determine whether the 2013 ARP should be continued, modified, or discontinued.
Integrated Resource Plans
See "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations – Air Quality," "– Water Quality," "– Coal Combustion Residuals," and "– Global Climate Issues," and "Rate Plans" herein for additional information regarding proposed and final EPA rules and regulations, including the MATS rule for coal- and oil-fired electric utility steam generating units, revisions to effluent limitations guidelines for steam electric power plants, and additional regulations of CCR and CO 2 ; the State of Georgia's Multi-Pollutant Rule; and Georgia Power's analysis of the potential costs and benefits of installing the required controls on its fossil generating units in light of these regulations.
In July 2013, the Georgia PSC approved Georgia Power's latest triennial Integrated Resource Plan (2013 IRP) including Georgia Power's request to decertify 16 coal- and oil-fired units totaling 2,093 MWs. Several factors, including the cost to comply with existing and future environmental regulations, recent and forecasted economic conditions, and lower natural gas prices, contributed to the decision to close these units.
Plant Branch Units 3 and 4 (1,016 MWs), Plant Yates Units 1 through 5 (579 MWs), and Plant McManus Units 1 and 2 (122 MWs) will be decertified and retired by April 16, 2015, the compliance date of the MATS rule. The decertification date of Plant Branch Unit 1 (250 MWs) was extended from December 31, 2013 as specified in the final order in the 2011 Integrated Resource Plan Update (2011 IRP Update) to coincide with the decertification date of Plant Branch Units 3 and 4. The decertification and retirement of Plant Kraft Units 1 through 4 (316 MWs) were also approved and will be effective by April 16, 2016, based on a
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
one-year extension of the MATS rule compliance date that was approved by the State of Georgia Environmental Protection Division in September 2013 to allow for necessary transmission system reliability improvements. In July 2013, the Georgia PSC approved the switch to natural gas as the primary fuel for Plant Yates Units 6 and 7. In September 2013, Plant Branch Unit 2 (319 MWs) was retired as approved by the Georgia PSC in the 2011 IRP Update in order to comply with the State of Georgia's Multi-Pollutant Rule.
In the 2013 ARP, the Georgia PSC approved the amortization of the CWIP balances related to environmental projects that will not be completed at Plant Branch Units 1 through 4 and Plant Yates Units 6 and 7 over nine years beginning in January 2014 and the amortization of any remaining net book values of Plant Branch Unit 2 from October 2013 to December 2022, Plant Branch Unit 1 from May 2015 to December 2020, Plant Branch Unit 3 from May 2015 to December 2023, and Plant Branch Unit 4 from May 2015 to December 2024. The Georgia PSC deferred a decision regarding the appropriate recovery period for the costs associated with unusable materials and supplies remaining at the retiring plants to Georgia Power's next base rate case, which Georgia Power expects to file in 2016 (2016 Rate Case). In the 2013 IRP, the Georgia PSC also deferred decisions regarding the recovery of any fuel related costs that could be incurred in connection with the retirement units to be addressed in future fuel cases.
On July 1, 2014, the Georgia PSC approved Georgia Power's request to cancel the proposed biomass fuel conversion of Plant Mitchell Unit 3 (155 MWs) because it would not be cost effective for customers. Georgia Power expects to request decertification of Plant Mitchell Unit 3 in connection with the triennial Integrated Resource Plan to be filed in 2016. Georgia Power plans to continue to operate the unit as needed until the MATS rule becomes effective in April 2015.
The decertification of these units and fuel conversions are not expected to have a material impact on Southern Company's financial statements; however, the ultimate outcome depends on the Georgia PSC's order in the 2016 Rate Case and future fuel cases and cannot be determined at this time.
Retail Fuel Cost Recovery
The traditional operating companies each have established fuel cost recovery rates approved by their respective state PSCs. Fuel cost recovery revenues are adjusted for differences in actual recoverable fuel costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates. Accordingly, changes in the billing factor will not have a significant effect on Southern Company's revenues or net income, but will affect cash flow. The traditional operating companies continuously monitor their under or over recovered fuel cost balances. On January 20, 2015, the Georgia PSC approved the deferral of Georgia Power's next fuel case filing until at least June 30, 2015.
See Note 1 to the financial statements under "Revenues" and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Rate ECR" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Fuel Cost Recovery" for additional information.
Construction Program
The subsidiary companies of Southern Company are engaged in continuous construction programs to accommodate existing and estimated future loads on their respective systems. The Southern Company system intends to continue its strategy of developing and constructing new generating facilities, as well as adding or changing fuel sources for certain existing units, adding environmental control equipment, and expanding the transmission and distribution systems. For the traditional operating companies, major generation construction projects are subject to state PSC approval in order to be included in retail rates. While Southern Power generally constructs and acquires generation assets covered by long-term PPAs, any uncontracted capacity could negatively affect future earnings. The construction programs of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power are currently estimated to include an investment of approximately $6.7 billion , $5.4 billion , and $4.3 billion for 2015 , 2016 , and 2017 , respectively.
The two largest construction projects currently underway in the Southern Company system are Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and the Kemper IGCC. Georgia Power has a 45.7% ownership interest in Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, each with approximately 1,100 MWs, and Mississippi Power is ultimately expected to hold an 85% ownership interest in the 582-MW Kemper IGCC. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
From 2013 through December 31, 2014 , the Company recorded pre-tax charges totaling $2.05 billion ( $1.26 billion after-tax) for revisions of estimated costs expected to be incurred on Mississippi Power's construction of the Kemper IGCC above the $2.88 billion cost cap established by the Mississippi PSC, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions. In subsequent periods, any further changes in the estimated costs to complete construction of the Kemper IGCC subject to the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions, will be reflected in the Company's statements of income and these changes could be material.
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On January 29, 2015, Georgia Power announced that it was notified by the consortium consisting of Westinghouse Electric Company LLC and Stone & Webster, Inc., a subsidiary of The Shaw Group Inc., which was acquired by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. (collectively, Contractor) of the Contractor's revised forecast for completion of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, which would incrementally delay the previously disclosed estimated in-service dates by 18 months (from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the second quarter of 2019 for Unit 3 and from the fourth quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2020 for Unit 4).
While Georgia Power has not agreed to any change to the guaranteed substantial completion dates (April 2016 for Unit 3 and April 2017 for Unit 4) included in the engineering, procurement, and construction agreement relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, Georgia Power's twelfth Vogtle Construction Monitoring (VCM) report, filed February 27, 2015, includes a requested amendment to the Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 certificate to reflect the Contractor's revised forecast, to include the estimated owner's costs associated with the proposed 18-month Contractor delay, and to increase the estimated in-service capital cost of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 from $4.4 billion to $5.0 billion. No Contractor costs related to the Contractor's proposed 18-month delay are included in the twelfth VCM report. The twelfth VCM report estimates total associated financing costs during the construction period to be approximately $2.5 billion.
Additionally, there are certain risks associated with the construction program in general and certain risks associated with the licensing, construction, and operation of nuclear generating units in particular, including potential impacts that could result from a major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world. The ultimate outcome of these events cannot be determined at this time.
See FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY – "Capital Requirements and Contractual Obligations" for additional information.
Income Tax Matters
See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information about the Kemper IGCC. The ultimate outcome of these tax matters cannot be determined at this time.
Bonus Depreciation
On December 19, 2014, the Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (TIPA) was signed into law. The TIPA retroactively extended several tax credits through 2014 and extended 50% bonus depreciation for property placed in service in 2014 (and for certain long-term production-period projects to be placed in service in 2015). The extension of 50% bonus depreciation will have a positive impact on Southern Company's cash flows and, combined with bonus depreciation allowed under the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA), will result in approximately $630 million of positive cash flows. Additionally, the estimated cash flow benefit impact of bonus depreciation for long-term production-period projects to be placed in service in 2015 related to TIPA is expected to be approximately $220 million to $240 million for the 2015 tax year.
Tax Credits
The IRS allocated $279 million (Phase II) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code) Section 48A tax credits to Mississippi Power in connection with the Kemper IGCC. Through December 31, 2014 , Southern Company had recorded tax benefits totaling $276 million for the Phase II credits, of which approximately $210 million had been utilized through that date. These credits will be amortized as a reduction to depreciation and amortization over the life of the Kemper IGCC and are dependent upon meeting the IRS certification requirements, including an in-service date no later than April 19, 2016 and the capture and sequestration (via enhanced oil recovery) of at least 65% of the CO 2 produced by the Kemper IGCC during operations in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. Mississippi Power currently expects to place the Kemper IGCC in service in the first half of 2016. In addition, a portion of the Phase II tax credits will be subject to recapture upon completion of SMEPA's proposed purchase of an undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC.
In 2009, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). Major tax incentives in the ARRA included renewable energy incentives. In January 2013, the ATRA was signed into law. The ATRA retroactively extended several renewable energy incentives through 2013, including extending federal ITCs for biomass projects which began construction before January 1, 2014. The current law provides for a 30% federal ITC for solar facilities placed in service through 2016 and, unless extended, will adjust to 10% for solar facilities placed in service thereafter. The Company has received ITCs in connection with Southern Power's investments in solar and biomass facilities. See Note 1 to the financial statements under "Income and Other Taxes" for additional information regarding credits amortized and the tax benefit related to basis differences in 2014, 2013, and 2012.
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Additionally, the TIPA extended the production tax credit for wind and certain other renewable sources of electricity to facilities for which construction had commenced by the end of 2014.
Section 174 Research and Experimental Deduction
Southern Company reduced tax payments for 2014 and included in its 2013 consolidated federal income tax return deductions for research and experimental expenditures related to the Kemper IGCC. Due to the uncertainty related to this tax position, Southern Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit of approximately $160 million as of December 31, 2014 . See Note 5 to the financial statements under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Other Matters
Southern Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various other matters being litigated and regulatory matters that could affect future earnings. In addition, Southern Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The business activities of Southern Company's subsidiaries are subject to extensive governmental regulation related to public health and the environment, such as regulation of air emissions and water discharges. Litigation over environmental issues and claims of various types, including property damage, personal injury, common law nuisance, and citizen enforcement of environmental requirements, such as air quality and water standards, has occurred throughout the U.S. This litigation has included claims for damages alleged to have been caused by CO 2 and other emissions, CCR, and alleged exposure to hazardous materials, and/or requests for injunctive relief in connection with such matters.
The ultimate outcome of such pending or potential litigation against Southern Company and its subsidiaries cannot be predicted at this time; however, for current proceedings not specifically reported herein or in Note 3 to the financial statements, management does not anticipate that the ultimate liabilities, if any, arising from such current proceedings would have a material effect on Southern Company's financial statements. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a discussion of various other contingencies, regulatory matters, and other matters being litigated which may affect future earnings potential.
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Southern Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the financial statements. In the application of these policies, certain estimates are made that may have a material impact on Southern Company's results of operations and related disclosures. Different assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that are significantly different from those recorded in the financial statements. Senior management has reviewed and discussed the following critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of Southern Company's Board of Directors.
Electric Utility Regulation
Southern Company's traditional operating companies, which comprised approximately 94% of Southern Company's total operating revenues for 2014 , are subject to retail regulation by their respective state PSCs and wholesale regulation by the FERC. These regulatory agencies set the rates the traditional operating companies are permitted to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity. As a result, the traditional operating companies apply accounting standards which require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation. Through the ratemaking process, the regulators may require the inclusion of costs or revenues in periods different than when they would be recognized by a non-regulated company. This treatment may result in the deferral of expenses and the recording of related regulatory assets based on anticipated future recovery through rates or the deferral of gains or creation of liabilities and the recording of related regulatory liabilities. The application of the accounting standards has a further effect on the Company's financial statements as a result of the estimates of allowable costs used in the ratemaking process. These estimates may differ from those actually incurred by the traditional operating companies; therefore, the accounting estimates inherent in specific costs such as depreciation, AROs, and pension and postretirement benefits have less of a direct impact on the Company's results of operations and financial condition than they would on a non-regulated company.
As reflected in Note 1 to the financial statements, significant regulatory assets and liabilities have been recorded. Management reviews the ultimate recoverability of these regulatory assets and any requirement to refund these regulatory liabilities based on applicable regulatory guidelines and GAAP. However, adverse legislative, judicial, or regulatory actions could materially impact the amounts of such regulatory assets and liabilities and could adversely impact the Company's financial statements.
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Contingent Obligations
Southern Company is subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations, as well as other factors and conditions that subject it to environmental, litigation, income tax, and other risks. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL herein and Note 3 to the financial statements for more information regarding certain of these contingencies. Southern Company periodically evaluates its exposure to such risks and, in accordance with GAAP, records reserves for those matters where a non-tax-related loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable and records a tax asset or liability if it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained. The adequacy of reserves can be significantly affected by external events or conditions that can be unpredictable; thus, the ultimate outcome of such matters could materially affect Southern Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Southern Company's calculation of pension and other postretirement benefits expense is dependent on a number of assumptions. These assumptions include discount rates, healthcare cost trend rates, expected long-term return on plan assets, mortality rates, expected salary and wage increases, and other factors. Components of pension and other postretirement benefits expense include interest and service cost on the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, expected return on plan assets, and amortization of certain unrecognized costs and obligations. Actual results that differ from the assumptions utilized are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation in future periods. While the Company believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or significant changes in assumptions would affect its pension and other postretirement benefits costs and obligations.
Key elements in determining Southern Company's pension and other postretirement benefit expense in accordance with GAAP are the expected long-term return on plan assets and the discount rate used to measure the benefit plan obligations and the periodic benefit plan expense for future periods. The expected long-term return on postretirement benefit plan assets is based on Southern Company's investment strategy, historical experience, and expectations for long-term rates of return that consider external actuarial advice. Southern Company determines the long-term return on plan assets by applying the long-term rate of expected returns on various asset classes to Southern Company's target asset allocation. Southern Company discounts the future cash flows related to its postretirement benefit plans using a single-point discount rate for each plan developed from the weighted average of market-observed yields for high quality fixed income securities with maturities that correspond to expected benefit payments.
For purposes of its December 31, 2014 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension plans and retiree life and medical plans, which reflect increased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables increased the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $636 million and $92 million, respectively. The adoption of new mortality tables will increase net periodic costs related to the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans in 2015 by $86 million and $10 million, respectively.
The following table illustrates the sensitivity to changes in Southern Company's long-term assumptions with respect to the assumed discount rate, the assumed salaries, and the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets:
Change in Assumption | Increase/(Decrease) in Total Benefit Expense for 2015 |
| Increase/(Decrease) in Projected Obligation for Pension Plan at December 31, 2014 |
| Increase/(Decrease) in Projected Obligation for Other Postretirement Benefit Plans at December 31, 2014 |
| (in millions) | ||||
25 basis point change in discount rate | $36/$(34) |
| $409/$(385) |
| $64/$(61) |
25 basis point change in salaries | $19/$(18) |
| $103/$(99) |
| $–/$– |
25 basis point change in long-term return on plan assets | $24/$(24) |
| N/A |
| N/A |
N/A – Not applicable
Kemper IGCC Estimated Construction Costs, Project Completion Date, and Rate Recovery
During 2014, Mississippi Power further extended the scheduled in-service date for the Kemper IGCC to the first half of 2016 and revised its cost estimate to complete construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC to an amount that exceeds the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions. Mississippi Power does not intend to seek any rate recovery or any joint owner contributions for any costs related to the construction of the Kemper IGCC that exceed the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions.
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As a result of the revisions to the cost estimate, Southern Company recorded total pre-tax charges to income for the estimated probable losses on the Kemper IGCC of $70.0 million ( $43.2 million after tax) in the fourth quarter 2014, $418.0 million ( $258.1 million after tax) in the third quarter 2014, $380.0 million ( $234.7 million after tax) in the first quarter 2014, $40.0 million ($24.7 million after tax) in the fourth quarter 2013, $150.0 million ($92.6 million after tax) in the third quarter 2013, $450.0 million ($277.9 million after tax) in the second quarter 2013, and $540.0 million ($333.5 million after tax) in the first quarter 2013. In the aggregate, Southern Company has incurred charges of $2.05 billion ( $1.26 billion after tax) as a result of changes in the cost estimate for the Kemper IGCC through December 31, 2014 .
Mississippi Power has experienced, and may continue to experience, material changes in the cost estimate for the Kemper IGCC. In subsequent periods, any further changes in the estimated costs to complete construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC subject to the $2.88 billion cost cap, net of the DOE Grants and excluding the Cost Cap Exceptions, will be reflected in Southern Company's statements of income and these changes could be material. Any further cost increases and/or extensions of the in-service date with respect to the Kemper IGCC may result from factors including, but not limited to, labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities for this first-of-a-kind technology (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by the Mississippi PSC).
Mississippi Power's revised cost estimate includes costs through March 31, 2016. Any further extension of the in-service date is currently estimated to result in additional base costs of approximately $25 million to $30 million per month, w hich includes maintaining necessary levels of start-up labor, materials, and fuel, as well as operational resources required to execute start-up and commissioning activities. Any further extension of the in-service date with respect to the Kemper IGCC would also increase costs for the Cost Cap Exceptions, which are not subject to the $2.88 billion cost cap established by the Mississippi PSC. These costs include AFUDC, which is currently estimated to total approximately $13 million per month, as well as carrying costs and operating expenses on Kemper IGCC assets placed in service and consulting fees and legal fees which are being deferred as regulatory assets and are estimated to total approximately $7 million per month.
Given the significant judgment involved in estimating the future costs to complete construction and start-up, the project completion date, the ultimate rate recovery for the Kemper IGCC, and the potential impact on Southern Company's results of operations, Southern Company considers these items to be critical accounting estimates. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Southern Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY
Overview
Earnings in 2014 and 2013 were negatively affected by revisions to the cost estimate for the Kemper IGCC; however, Southern Company's financial condition remained stable at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Through December 31, 2014 , Southern Company has incurred non-recoverable cash expenditures of $1.3 billion and is expected to incur approximately $702 million in additional non-recoverable cash expenditures through completion of the Kemper IGCC. Southern Company's cash requirements primarily consist of funding ongoing operations, common stock dividends, capital expenditures, and debt maturities. The Southern Company system's capital expenditures and other investing activities include investments to meet projected long-term demand requirements, to comply with environmental regulations, and for restoration following major storms. Operating cash flows provide a substantial portion of the Southern Company system's cash needs. For the three-year period from 2015 through 2017 , Southern Company's projected common stock dividends, capital expenditures, and debt maturities are expected to exceed operating cash flows. The Southern Company system's projected capital expenditures in that period include investments to build new generation facilities, to maintain existing generation facilities, to add environmental equipment for existing generating units, to add or change fuel sources for certain existing units, and to expand and improve transmission and distribution facilities. Southern Company plans to finance future cash needs in excess of its operating cash flows primarily by accessing borrowings from financial institutions and through debt and equity issuances in the capital markets. Southern Company intends to continue to monitor its access to short-term and long-term capital markets as well as its bank credit arrangements to meet future capital and
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liquidity needs. See "Sources of Capital," "Financing Activities," and "Capital Requirements and Contractual Obligations" herein for additional information.
Southern Company's investments in the qualified pension plan and the nuclear decommissioning trust funds increased in value as of December 31, 2014 as compared to December 31, 2013 . In December 2014, certain of the traditional operating companies and other subsidiaries voluntarily contributed an aggregate of $500 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2015 . See "Contractual Obligations" herein and Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements under "Nuclear Decommissioning" and "Pension Plans," respectively, for additional information.
Net cash provided from operating activities in 2014 totaled $5.8 billion , a decrease of $282 million from 2013 . Significant changes in operating cash flow for 2014 as compared to 2013 include $500 million of voluntary contributions to the qualified pension plan and an increase in receivables due to under recovered fuel costs, partially offset by an increase in accrued compensation. Net cash provided from operating activities in 2013 totaled $6.1 billion , an increase of $1.2 billion from 2012 . The most significant change in operating cash flow for 2013 as compared to 2012 was a decrease in fossil fuel stock due to an increase in KWH generation.
Net cash used for investing activities in 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 totaled $6.4 billion , $5.7 billion , and $5.2 billion , respectively. The cash used for investing activities in each of these years was primarily due to gross property additions for installation of equipment to comply with environmental standards, construction of generation, transmission, and distribution facilities, acquisitions of solar facilities, and purchases of nuclear fuel.
Net cash provided from financing activities totaled $644 million in 2014 due to issuances of long-term debt and common stock, partially offset by common stock dividend payments, redemptions of long-term debt, and a reduction in short-term debt. Net cash used for financing activities totaled $324 million in 2013 due to redemptions of long-term debt and payments of common stock dividends, partially offset by issuances of long-term debt and common stock and an increase in notes payable. Fluctuations in cash flow from financing activities vary from year to year based on capital needs and the maturity or redemption of securities.
Significant balance sheet changes in 2014 included an increase of $3.7 billion in total property, plant, and equipment for the installation of equipment to comply with environmental standards and construction of generation, transmission, and distribution facilities and a $1.8 billion increase in other regulatory assets, deferred related to pension and other postretirement benefits. Other significant changes included a $2.9 billion increase in short-term debt primarily related to debt maturing within the next year and borrowings to fund the Southern Company subsidiaries' continuous construction programs, a $1.2 billion increase in stockholders' equity, a $1.0 billion increase in accumulated deferred income taxes primarily as a result of bonus depreciation, and a $971 million increase in employee benefit obligations primarily as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions. See Note 2 and Note 5 to the financial statements for additional information regarding retirement benefits and deferred income taxes, respectively.
At the end of 2014 , the market price of Southern Company's common stock was $49.11 per share (based on the closing price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange) and the book value was $21.98 per share, representing a market-to-book value ratio of 223 %, compared to $41.11, $21.43, and 192%, respectively, at the end of 2013 .
Sources of Capital
Southern Company intends to meet its future capital needs through operating cash flow, short-term debt, term loans, and external security issuances. Equity capital can be provided from any combination of the Company's stock plans, private placements, or public offerings. The amount and timing of additional equity capital to be raised in 2015 , as well as in subsequent years, will be contingent on Southern Company's investment opportunities and the Southern Company system's capital requirements.
Except as described herein, the traditional operating companies and Southern Power plan to obtain the funds required for construction and other purposes from operating cash flows, external security issuances, term loans, short-term borrowings, and equity contributions or loans from Southern Company. However, the amount, type, and timing of any future financings, if needed, will depend upon prevailing market conditions, regulatory approval, and other factors.
On February 20, 2014, Georgia Power and the DOE entered into a loan guarantee agreement (Loan Guarantee Agreement), pursuant to which the DOE agreed to guarantee borrowings to be made by Georgia Power under a multi-advance credit facility (FFB Credit Facility) among Georgia Power, the DOE, and the FFB. Georgia Power is obligated to reimburse the DOE for any payments the DOE is required to make to the FFB under the guarantee. Georgia Power's reimbursement obligations to the DOE are full recourse and also are secured by a first priority lien on (i) Georgia Power's 45.7% ownership interest in Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 (primarily the units under construction, the related real property, and any nuclear fuel loaded in the reactor core) and (ii) Georgia Power's rights and obligations under the principal contracts relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. Under the FFB Credit Facility, Georgia Power may make term loan borrowings through the FFB. Proceeds of borrowings made under the FFB Credit
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Facility will be used to reimburse Georgia Power for a portion of certain costs of construction relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 that are eligible for financing under the Loan Guarantee Agreement (Eligible Project Costs). Aggregate borrowings under the FFB Credit Facility may not exceed the lesser of (i) 70% of Eligible Project Costs or (ii) approximately $3.46 billion . See Note 6 to the financial statements under "DOE Loan Guarantee Borrowings" for additional information regarding the Loan Guarantee Agreement and Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" for additional information regarding Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
Eligible Project Costs incurred through December 31, 2014 would allow for borrowings of up to $2.1 billion under the FFB Credit Facility. Through December 31, 2014 , Georgia Power had borrowed $1.2 billion under the FFB Credit Facility, leaving $0.9 billion of currently available borrowing ability.
Mississippi Power received $245 million of DOE Grants in prior years that were used for the construction of the Kemper IGCC. An additional $25 million of DOE Grants is expected to be received for the commercial operation of the Kemper IGCC. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for information regarding legislation related to the securitization of certain costs of the Kemper IGCC.
The issuance of securities by the traditional operating companies is generally subject to the approval of the applicable state PSC. The issuance of all securities by Mississippi Power and Southern Power and short-term securities by Georgia Power is generally subject to regulatory approval by the FERC. Additionally, with respect to the public offering of securities, Southern Company and certain of its subsidiaries file registration statements with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act). The amounts of securities authorized by the appropriate regulatory authorities, as well as the securities registered under the 1933 Act, are continuously monitored and appropriate filings are made to ensure flexibility in the capital markets.
Southern Company, each traditional operating company, and Southern Power obtain financing separately without credit support from any affiliate. See Note 6 to the financial statements under "Bank Credit Arrangements" for additional information. The Southern Company system does not maintain a centralized cash or money pool. Therefore, funds of each company are not commingled with funds of any other company in the Southern Company system.
As of December 31, 2014, Southern Company's current liabilities exceeded current assets by $2.6 billion , primarily due to long-term debt of the traditional operating companies and Southern Power that is due within one year of $3.3 billion . To meet short-term cash needs and contingencies, Southern Company has substantial cash flow from operating activities and access to capital markets and financial institutions.
At December 31, 2014 , Southern Company and its subsidiaries had approximately $710 million of cash and cash equivalents. Committed credit arrangements with banks at December 31, 2014 were as follows:
| Expires |
|
|
| Executable Term Loans |
| Due Within One Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Company | 2015 |
| 2016 |
| 2017 |
| 2018 |
| Total |
| Unused |
| One Year |
| Two Years |
| Term Out |
| No Term Out | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
| (in millions) |
| (in millions) |
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Company | $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | 1,000 | |
| $ | 1,000 | |
| $ | 1,000 | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
Alabama Power | 228 | |
| 50 | |
| - | |
| 1,030 | |
| 1,308 | |
| 1,308 | |
| 58 | |
| - | |
| 58 | |
| 170 | | ||||||||||
Georgia Power | - | |
| 150 | |
| - | |
| 1,600 | |
| 1,750 | |
| 1,736 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | ||||||||||
Gulf Power | 80 | |
| 165 | |
| 30 | |
| - | |
| 275 | |
| 275 | |
| 50 | |
| - | |
| 50 | |
| 30 | | ||||||||||
Mississippi Power | 135 | |
| 165 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 300 | |
| 300 | |
| 25 | |
| 40 | |
| 65 | |
| 70 | | ||||||||||
Southern Power | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 500 | |
| 500 | |
| 488 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | ||||||||||
Other | 70 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 70 | |
| 70 | |
| 20 | |
| - | |
| 20 | |
| 50 | | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 513 | |
| $ | 530 | |
| $ | 30 | |
| $ | 4,130 | |
| $ | 5,203 | |
| $ | 5,177 | |
| $ | 153 | |
| $ | 40 | |
| $ | 193 | |
| $ | 320 | |
See Note 6 to the financial statements under "Bank Credit Arrangements" for additional information.
A portion of the unused credit with banks is allocated to provide liquidity support to the traditional operating companies' variable rate pollution control revenue bonds and commercial paper programs. The amount of variable rate pollution control revenue bonds outstanding requiring liquidity support as of December 31, 2014 was approximately $1.8 billion . In addition, at December 31, 2014 , the traditional operating companies had $476 million of fixed rate pollution control revenue bonds outstanding that were required to be remarketed within the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2014, $98 million of certain
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
pollution control revenue bonds of Georgia Power were reclassified to securities due within one year in anticipation of their redemption in connection with unit retirement decisions.
Subject to applicable market conditions, Southern Company and its subsidiaries expect to renew their bank credit arrangements as needed, prior to expiration.
Most of these bank credit arrangements contain covenants that limit debt levels and contain cross default provisions to other indebtedness (including guarantee obligations) that are restricted only to the indebtedness of the individual company. Such cross default provisions to other indebtedness would trigger an event of default if the applicable borrower defaulted on indebtedness or guarantee obligations over a specified threshold. Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power are currently in compliance with all such covenants. None of the bank credit arrangements contain material adverse change clauses at the time of borrowings.
Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power make short-term borrowings primarily through commercial paper programs that have the liquidity support of the committed bank credit arrangements described above. Southern Company, the traditional operating companies, and Southern Power may also borrow through various other arrangements with banks. Commercial paper and short-term bank term loans are included in notes payable in the balance sheets.
Details of short-term borrowings were as follows:
| Short-term Debt at the End of the Period |
| Short-term Debt During the Period (a) | ||||||||||||||
| Amount Outstanding |
| Weighted Average Interest Rate |
| Average Outstanding |
| Weighted Average Interest Rate |
| Maximum Amount Outstanding | ||||||||
| (in millions) |
|
|
| (in millions) |
|
|
| (in millions) | ||||||||
December 31, 2014: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 803 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 754 | |
| 0.2 | % |
| $ | 1,582 | |
Short-term bank debt | - | |
| - | % |
| 98 | |
| 0.8 | % |
| 400 | | |||
Total | $ | 803 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 852 | |
| 0.3 | % |
|
| ||
December 31, 2013: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 1,082 | |
| 0.2 | % |
| $ | 993 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 1,616 | |
Short-term bank debt | 400 | |
| 0.9 | % |
| 107 | |
| 0.9 | % |
| 400 | | |||
Total | $ | 1,482 | |
| 0.4 | % |
| $ | 1,100 | |
| 0.3 | % |
|
| ||
December 31, 2012: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 820 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 550 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 938 | |
Short-term bank debt | - | |
| - | % |
| 116 | |
| 1.2 | % |
| 300 | | |||
Total | $ | 820 | |
| 0.3 | % |
| $ | 666 | |
| 0.5 | % |
|
|
(a) | Average and maximum amounts are based upon daily balances during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 . |
The Company believes the need for working capital can be adequately met by utilizing commercial paper programs, lines of credit, bank notes, and cash from operations.
Financing Activities
During 2014 , Southern Company issued approximately 20.8 million shares of common stock (including approximately 5.0 million treasury shares) for approximately $806 million through the employee and director stock plans and the Southern Investment Plan. The Company may satisfy its obligations with respect to the plans in several ways, including through using newly issued shares or treasury shares or acquiring shares on the open market through the independent plan administrators.
From August 2013 through December 2014, Southern Company used shares held in treasury, to the extent available, and newly issued shares to satisfy the requirements under the Southern Investment Plan and the employee savings plan. Beginning in January 2015, Southern Company ceased issuing additional shares under the Southern Investment Plan and the employee savings plan. All sales under these plans are now being funded with shares acquired on the open market by the independent plan administrators.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Beginning in 2015, Southern Company expects to repurchase shares of common stock to offset all or a portion of the incremental shares issued under its employee and director stock plans, including through stock option exercises. The Southern Company Board of Directors has approved the repurchase of up to 20 million shares of common stock for such purpose until December 31, 2017. Repurchases may be made by means of open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or accelerated or other share repurchase programs, in accordance with applicable securities laws.
The following table outlines the long-term debt financing activities for Southern Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2014:
Company | Senior Note Issuances |
| Senior Note Maturities |
| Revenue Bond Issuances and Remarketings of Purchased Bonds (a) |
| Revenue Bond Redemptions |
| Other Long-Term Debt Issuances |
| Other Long-Term Debt Redemptions (b) and Maturities | ||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Company | $ | 750 | |
| $ | 350 | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
Alabama Power | 400 | |
| - | |
| 254 | |
| 254 | |
| - | |
| - | | ||||||
Georgia Power | - | |
| - | |
| 40 | |
| 37 | |
| 1,200 | |
| 5 | | ||||||
Gulf Power | 200 | |
| 75 | |
| 42 | |
| 29 | |
| - | |
| - | | ||||||
Mississippi Power | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 493 | |
| 256 | | ||||||
Southern Power | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 10 | |
| 10 | | ||||||
Other | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 19 | | ||||||
Elimination (c) | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (220 | ) |
| (220 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,350 | |
| $ | 425 | |
| $ | 336 | |
| $ | 320 | |
| $ | 1,483 | |
| $ | 70 | |
(a) | Includes remarketing by Gulf Power of $13 million aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds previously purchased and held by Gulf Power since December 2013 and remarketing by Georgia Power of $40 million aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds previously purchased and held by Georgia Power since 2010. |
(b) | Includes reductions in capital lease obligations resulting from cash payments under capital leases. |
(c) | Intercompany loan from Southern Company to Mississippi Power eliminated in Southern Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. This loan was repaid on September 29, 2014. |
In May 2014, Southern Company's $350 million aggregate principal amount of its Series 2009A 4.15% Senior Notes due May 15, 2014 matured.
In August 2014, Southern Company issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of Series 2014A 1.30% Senior Notes due August 15, 2017 and $350 million aggregate principal amount of Series 2014B 2.15% Senior Notes due September 1, 2019. The proceeds were used to pay a portion of Southern Company's outstanding short-term indebtedness and for other general corporate purposes.
Southern Company's subsidiaries used the proceeds of the debt issuances shown in the table above for the redemptions and maturities shown in the table above, to repay short-term indebtedness, and for general corporate purposes, including their respective continuous construction programs.
In addition to the amounts reflected in the table above, in June 2014, Southern Company entered into a 90 -day floating rate bank loan bearing interest based on one-month LIBOR. This short-term loan was for $250 million aggregate principal amount and the proceeds were used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the investment by Southern Company in its subsidiaries. This bank loan was repaid in August 2014.
In addition to the amounts reflected in the table above, in January 2014 and October 2014, Mississippi Power received an additional $75 million and $50 million , respectively, of interest-bearing refundable deposits from SMEPA to be applied to the sale price for the pending sale of an undivided interest in the Kemper IGCC. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Proposed Sale of Undivided Interest to SMEPA" for additional information.
Georgia Power's "Other Long-Term Debt Issuances" reflected in the table above include borrowings under the FFB Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion on February 20, 2014 and $200 million on December 11, 2014. The interest rate applicable to $500 million of the initial advance under the FFB Credit Facility is 3.860% for an interest period that extends to 2044 and the interest rate applicable to the remaining $500 million is 3.488% for an interest period that extends to 2029 and is expected to be reset from time to time thereafter through 2044. The interest rate applicable to the $200 million advance in
II-37
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
December 2014 is 3.002% for an interest period that extends to 2044. The final maturity date for all advances under the FFB Credit Facility is February 20, 2044. The proceeds of the borrowings in 2014 under the FFB Credit Facility were used to reimburse Georgia Power for Eligible Project Costs relating to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. In connection with its entry into the agreements with the DOE and the FFB, Georgia Power incurred issuance costs of approximately $66 million , which are being amortized over the life of the borrowings under the FFB Credit Facility.
Under the Loan Guarantee Agreement, Georgia Power is subject to customary events of default, as well as cross-defaults to other indebtedness and events of default relating to any failure to make payments under the engineering, procurement, and construction contract, as amended, relating to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 or certain other agreements providing intellectual property rights for Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. The Loan Guarantee Agreement also includes events of default specific to the DOE loan guarantee program, including the failure of Georgia Power or Southern Nuclear to comply with requirements of law or DOE loan guarantee program requirements. See Note 6 to the financial statements under "DOE Loan Guarantee Borrowings" for additional information.
In February 2014, Georgia Power repaid three four -month floating rate bank loans in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million .
During 2014, Alabama Power entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate changes related to an anticipated debt issuance. The notional amount of the swaps totaled $200 million.
In October 2014, Georgia Power entered into interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate changes related to existing debt. The notional amount of the swaps totaled $900 million.
In November and December 2014, Georgia Power entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate changes related to anticipated borrowings under the FFB Credit Facility in 2015. The notional amount of the swaps totaled $700 million.
Subsequent to December 31, 2014, Alabama Power announced the redemption of $250 million aggregate principal amount of its Series DD 5.65% Senior Notes due March 15, 2035, which will occur on March 16, 2015.
In addition to any financings that may be necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, Southern Company and its subsidiaries plan to continue, when economically feasible, a program to retire higher-cost securities and replace these obligations with lower-cost capital if market conditions permit.
Credit Rating Risk
Southern Company and its subsidiaries do not have any credit arrangements that would require material changes in payment schedules or terminations as a result of a credit rating downgrade.
There are certain contracts that could require collateral, but not accelerated payment, in the event of a credit rating change of certain subsidiaries to BBB and Baa2, or BBB- and/or Baa3 or below. These contracts are for physical electricity purchases and sales, fuel purchases, fuel transportation and storage, energy price risk management, interest rate derivatives, and construction of new generation at Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.
The maximum potential collateral requirements under these contracts at December 31, 2014 were as follows:
Credit Ratings | Maximum Potential Collateral Requirements | ||
| (in millions) | ||
At BBB and Baa2 | $ | 9 | |
At BBB- and/or Baa3 | 435 | | |
Below BBB- and/or Baa3 | 2,305 | |
Subsequent to December 31, 2014, Moody's affirmed the senior unsecured debt rating of Mississippi Power and revised the ratings outlook for Mississippi Power from stable to negative.
Generally, collateral may be provided by a Southern Company guaranty, letter of credit, or cash. Additionally, any credit rating downgrade could impact the ability of Southern Company and its subsidiaries to access capital markets, particularly the short-term debt market and the variable rate pollution control revenue bond market.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Market Price Risk
The Southern Company system is exposed to market risks, primarily commodity price risk and interest rate risk. The Southern Company system may also occasionally have limited exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. To manage the volatility attributable to these exposures, the applicable company nets the exposures, where possible, to take advantage of natural offsets and enters into various derivative transactions for the remaining exposures pursuant to the applicable company's policies in areas such as counterparty exposure and risk management practices. The Southern Company system's policy is that derivatives are to be used primarily for hedging purposes and mandates strict adherence to all applicable risk management policies. Derivative positions are monitored using techniques including, but not limited to, market valuation, value at risk, stress testing, and sensitivity analysis.
To mitigate future exposure to a change in interest rates, Southern Company and certain of its subsidiaries enter into derivatives that have been designated as hedges. Derivatives outstanding at December 31, 2014 have a notional amount of $2.1 billion and are related to fixed and floating rate obligations. The weighted average interest rate on $3.4 billion of long-term variable interest rate exposure at January 1, 2015 was 0.94%. If Southern Company sustained a 100 basis point change in interest rates for all long-term variable interest rate exposure, the change would affect annualized interest expense by approximately $34 million at January 1, 2015 . See Note 1 to the financial statements under "Financial Instruments" and Note 11 to the financial statements for additional information.
Due to cost-based rate regulation and other various cost recovery mechanisms, the traditional operating companies continue to have limited exposure to market volatility in interest rates, foreign currency, commodity fuel prices, and prices of electricity. In addition, Southern Power's exposure to market volatility in commodity fuel prices and prices of electricity is limited because its long-term sales contracts shift substantially all fuel cost responsibility to the purchaser. However, Southern Power has been and may continue to be exposed to market volatility in energy-related commodity prices as a result of uncontracted generating capacity. To mitigate residual risks relative to movements in electricity prices, the traditional operating companies enter into physical fixed-price contracts for the purchase and sale of electricity through the wholesale electricity market and, to a lesser extent, financial hedge contracts for natural gas purchases. The traditional operating companies continue to manage fuel-hedging programs implemented per the guidelines of their respective state PSCs. Southern Company had no material change in market risk exposure for the year ended December 31, 2014 when compared to the year ended December 31, 2013 .
The changes in fair value of energy-related derivative contracts are substantially attributable to both the volume and the price of natural gas. For the years ended December 31, the changes in fair value of energy-related derivative contracts, the majority of which are composed of regulatory hedges, were as follows:
| 2014 Changes |
| 2013 Changes | ||||
| Fair Value | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Contracts outstanding at the beginning of the period, assets (liabilities), net | $ | (32 | ) |
| $ | (85 | ) |
Contracts realized or settled: |
|
|
| ||||
Swaps realized or settled | (9 | ) |
| 43 | | ||
Options realized or settled | 6 | |
| 19 | | ||
Current period changes (a) : |
|
|
| ||||
Swaps | (131 | ) |
| 2 | | ||
Options | (22 | ) |
| (11 | ) | ||
Contracts outstanding at the end of the period, assets (liabilities), net | $ | (188 | ) |
| $ | (32 | ) |
(a) Current period changes also include the changes in fair value of new contracts entered into during the period, if any.
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
The net hedge volumes of energy-related derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||
| mmBtu Volume | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||
Commodity – Natural gas swaps | 200 | |
| 216 | |
Commodity – Natural gas options | 44 | |
| 59 | |
Total hedge volume | 244 | |
| 275 | |
The weighted average swap contract cost above market prices was approximately $0.84 per mmBtu as of December 31, 2014 and $0.10 per mmBtu as of December 31, 2013 . The change in option fair value is primarily attributable to the volatility of the market and the underlying change in the natural gas price. The majority of the natural gas hedge gains and losses are recovered through the traditional operating companies' fuel cost recovery clauses.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013 , substantially all of the Southern Company system's energy-related derivative contracts were designated as regulatory hedges and were related to the applicable company's fuel-hedging program. Therefore, gains and losses are initially recorded as regulatory liabilities and assets, respectively, and then are included in fuel expense as they are recovered through the energy cost recovery clause. Certain other gains and losses on energy-related derivatives, designated as cash flow hedges, are initially deferred in OCI before being recognized in income in the same period as the hedged transaction. Gains and losses on energy-related derivative contracts that are not designated or fail to qualify as hedges are recognized in the statements of income as incurred and were not material for any year presented.
Southern Company uses over-the-counter contracts that are not exchange traded but are fair valued using prices which are market observable, and thus fall into Level 2. See Note 10 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value measurements. The maturities of the energy-related derivative contracts, which are all Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, at December 31, 2014 were as follows:
| Fair Value Measurements | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Fair Value |
| Maturity | ||||||||||||
|
| Year 1 |
| Years 2&3 |
| Years 4&5 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Level 1 | $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
Level 2 | (188 | ) |
| (109 | ) |
| (76 | ) |
| (3 | ) | ||||
Level 3 | - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | ||||
Fair value of contracts outstanding at end of period | $ | (188 | ) |
| $ | (109 | ) |
| $ | (76 | ) |
| $ | (3 | ) |
Southern Company is exposed to market price risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to energy-related and interest rate derivative contracts. Southern Company only enters into agreements and material transactions with counterparties that have investment grade credit ratings by Moody's and S&P, or with counterparties who have posted collateral to cover potential credit exposure. Therefore, Southern Company does not anticipate market risk exposure from nonperformance by the counterparties. For additional information, see Note 1 to the financial statements under "Financial Instruments" and Note 11 to the financial statements.
Southern Company performs periodic reviews of its leveraged lease transactions, both domestic and international, and the creditworthiness of the lessees, including a review of the value of the underlying leased assets and the credit ratings of the lessees. Southern Company's domestic lease transactions generally do not have any credit enhancement mechanisms; however, the lessees in its international lease transactions have pledged various deposits as additional security to secure the obligations. The lessees in the Company's international lease transactions are also required to provide additional collateral in the event of a credit downgrade below a certain level.
Capital Requirements and Contractual Obligations
The Southern Company system's construction program is currently estimated to be $6.7 billion for 2015 , $5.4 billion for 2016 , and $4.3 billion for 2017 , which includes expenditures related to the construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC of $801 million for 2015 and $132 million for 2016. The amounts related to the construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC exclude
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
SMEPA's proposed acquisition of a 15% ownership share of the Kemper IGCC for approximately $596 million (including construction costs for all prior periods relating to its proposed ownership interest). Capital expenditures to comply with environmental statutes and regulations included in these estimated amounts are $1.0 billion , $0.5 billion , and $0.6 billion for 2015 , 2016 , and 2017 , respectively. The Southern Company system's amounts include capital expenditures related to contractual purchase commitments for nuclear fuel and capital expenditures covered under long-term service agreements. These estimated expenditures do not include any potential compliance costs that may arise from the EPA's proposed rules that would limit CO 2 emissions from new, existing, and modified or reconstructed fossil-fuel-fired electric generating units. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Global Climate Issues" for additional information.
See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations" herein for additional information.
The construction programs are subject to periodic review and revision, and actual construction costs may vary from these estimates because of numerous factors. These factors include: changes in business conditions; changes in load projections; changes in environmental statutes and regulations; the outcome of any legal challenges to the environmental rules; changes in generating plants, including unit retirements and replacements and adding or changing fuel sources at existing units, to meet regulatory requirements; changes in FERC rules and regulations; PSC approvals; changes in the expected environmental compliance program; changes in legislation; the cost and efficiency of construction labor, equipment, and materials; project scope and design changes; storm impacts; and the cost of capital. In addition, there can be no assurance that costs related to capital expenditures will be fully recovered. Additionally, planned expenditures for plant acquisitions may vary due to market opportunities and Southern Power's ability to execute its growth strategy. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Nuclear Construction" and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for information regarding additional factors that may impact construction expenditures.
In addition, the construction program includes the development and construction of new generating facilities with designs that have not been finalized or previously constructed, including first-of-a-kind technology, which may result in revised estimates during construction. The ability to control costs and avoid cost overruns during the development and construction of new facilities is subject to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by any PSC).
As a result of NRC requirements, Alabama Power and Georgia Power have external trust funds for nuclear decommissioning costs; however, Alabama Power currently has no additional funding requirements. For additional information, see Note 1 to the financial statements under "Nuclear Decommissioning."
In addition, as discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, Southern Company provides postretirement benefits to substantially all employees and funds trusts to the extent required by the traditional operating companies' respective regulatory commissions.
Other funding requirements related to obligations associated with scheduled maturities of long-term debt, as well as the related interest, derivative obligations, preferred and preference stock dividends, leases, and other purchase commitments are detailed in the contractual obligations table that follows. See Notes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 11 to the financial statements for additional information.
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Contractual Obligations
| 2015 |
| 2016- 2017 |
| 2018- 2019 |
| After 2019 |
| Total | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (a) - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
Principal | $ | 3,302 | |
| $ | 3,345 | |
| $ | 2,050 | |
| $ | 15,282 | |
| $ | 23,979 | |
Interest | 857 | |
| 1,563 | |
| 1,355 | |
| 11,379 | |
| 15,154 | | |||||
Preferred and preference stock dividends (b) | 68 | |
| 136 | |
| 136 | |
| - | |
| 340 | | |||||
Financial derivative obligations (c) | 138 | |
| 76 | |
| 3 | |
| - | |
| 217 | | |||||
Operating leases (d) | 100 | |
| 154 | |
| 73 | |
| 248 | |
| 575 | | |||||
Capital leases (d) | 31 | |
| 25 | |
| 22 | |
| 81 | |
| 159 | | |||||
Unrecognized tax benefits (e) | 170 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 170 | | |||||
Purchase commitments - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | |||||||||
Capital (f) | 6,222 | |
| 8,899 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 15,121 | | |||||
Fuel (g) | 4,012 | |
| 5,155 | |
| 3,321 | |
| 9,869 | |
| 22,357 | | |||||
Purchased power (h) | 327 | |
| 738 | |
| 761 | |
| 3,892 | |
| 5,718 | | |||||
Other (i) | 233 | |
| 476 | |
| 378 | |
| 1,369 | |
| 2,456 | | |||||
Trusts - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | |||||||||
Nuclear decommissioning (j) | 5 | |
| 11 | |
| 11 | |
| 110 | |
| 137 | | |||||
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans (k) | 112 | |
| 224 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 336 | | |||||
Total | $ | 15,577 | |
| $ | 20,802 | |
| $ | 8,110 | |
| $ | 42,230 | |
| $ | 86,719 | |
(a) | All amounts are reflected based on final maturity dates. Southern Company and its subsidiaries plan to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost securities and replace these obligations with lower-cost capital if market conditions permit. Variable rate interest obligations are estimated based on rates as of January 1, 2015 , as reflected in the statements of capitalization. Fixed rates include, where applicable, the effects of interest rate derivatives employed to manage interest rate risk. Long-term debt excludes capital lease amounts (shown separately). |
(b) | Represents preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries. Preferred and preference stock do not mature; therefore, amounts are provided for the next five years only. |
(c) | Includes derivative liabilities related to cash flow hedges of forecasted debt, as well as energy-related derivatives. For additional information, see Notes 1 and 11 to the financial statements. |
(d) | Excludes PPAs that are accounted for as leases and included in purchased power. |
(e) | See Note 5 to the financial statements under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information. |
(f) | The Southern Company system provides estimated capital expenditures for a three-year period, including capital expenditures and compliance costs associated with environmental regulations. Estimates related to the construction and start-up of the Kemper IGCC exclude SMEPA's proposed acquisition of a 15% ownership share of the Kemper IGCC. See Note 3 to the financial statements under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information. These amounts exclude contractual purchase commitments for nuclear fuel and capital expenditures covered under long-term service agreements which are reflected separately. At December 31, 2014 , significant purchase commitments were outstanding in connection with the construction program. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Environmental Matters – Environmental Statutes and Regulations" herein for additional information. |
(g) | Primarily includes commitments to purchase coal, nuclear fuel, and natural gas, as well as the related transportation and storage. In most cases, these contracts contain provisions for price escalation, minimum purchase levels, and other financial commitments. Natural gas purchase commitments are based on various indices at the time of delivery. Amounts reflected for natural gas purchase commitments have been estimated based on the New York Mercantile Exchange future prices at December 31, 2014 . |
(h) | Estimated minimum long-term obligations for various PPA purchases from gas-fired, biomass, and wind-powered facilities. A total of $1.1 billion of biomass PPAs is contingent upon the counterparties meeting specified contract dates for commercial operation and may change as a result of regulatory action. See FUTURE EARNINGS POTENTIAL – "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Renewables Development" for additional information. |
(i) | Includes long-term service agreements and contracts for the procurement of limestone. Long-term service agreements include price escalation based on inflation indices. |
(j) | Projections of nuclear decommissioning trust fund contributions for Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 are based on the 2013 ARP for Georgia Power. Alabama Power also has external trust funds for nuclear decommissioning costs; however, Alabama Power currently has no additional funding requirements. See Note 1 to the financial statements under "Nuclear Decommissioning" for additional information. |
(k) | The Southern Company system forecasts contributions to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans over a three-year period. Southern Company anticipates no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan during the next three years. Amounts presented represent estimated benefit payments for the nonqualified pension plans, estimated non-trust benefit payments for the other postretirement benefit plans, and estimated contributions to the other postretirement benefit plan trusts, all of which will be made from corporate assets of Southern Company's subsidiaries. See Note 2 to the financial statements for additional information related to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans, including estimated benefit payments. Certain benefit payments will be made through the related benefit plans. Other benefit payments will be made from corporate assets of Southern Company's subsidiaries. |
II-42
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Southern Company's 2014 Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements concerning retail rates, the strategic goals for the wholesale business, economic recovery, fuel and environmental cost recovery and other rate actions, current and proposed environmental regulations and related compliance plans and estimated expenditures, access to sources of capital, projections for the qualified pension plan , postretirement benefit plan , and nuclear decommissioning trust fund contributions, financing activities, completion dates of acquisitions and construction projects, filings with state and federal regulatory authorities, impact of the TIPA, estimated sales and purchases under power sale and purchase agreements, and estimated construction and other plans and expenditures. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "could," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "projects," "predicts," "potential," or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar terminology. There are various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements; accordingly, there can be no assurance that such indicated results will be realized. These factors include:
• | the impact of recent and future federal and state regulatory changes, including legislative and regulatory initiatives regarding deregulation and restructuring of the electric utility industry, environmental laws including regulation of water , CCR, and emissions of sulfur, nitrogen, CO 2 , soot, particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants, including mercury, and other substances, and also changes in tax and other laws and regulations to which Southern Company and its subsidiaries are subject, as well as changes in application of existing laws and regulations; |
• | current and future litigation, regulatory investigations, proceedings, or inquiries, including pending EPA civil actions against certain Southern Company subsidiaries, FERC matters, and IRS and state tax audits; |
• | the effects, extent, and timing of the entry of additional competition in the markets in which Southern Company's subsidiaries operate; |
• | variations in demand for electricity, including those relating to weather, the general economy and recovery from the last recession, population and business growth (and declines), the effects of energy conservation and efficiency measures, including from the development and deployment of alternative energy sources such as self-generation and distributed generation technologies, and any potential economic impacts resulting from federal fiscal decisions; |
• | available sources and costs of fuels; |
• | effects of inflation; |
• | the ability to control costs and avoid cost overruns during the development and construction of facilities, which include the development and construction of generating facilities with designs that have not been finalized or previously constructed, including changes in labor costs and productivity, adverse weather conditions, shortages and inconsistent quality of equipment, materials, and labor, contractor or supplier delay, non-performance under construction or other agreements, operational readiness, including specialized operator training and required site safety programs, unforeseen engineering or design problems, start-up activities (including major equipment failure and system integration), and/or operational performance (including additional costs to satisfy any operational parameters ultimately adopted by any PSC); |
• | the ability to construct facilities in accordance with the requirements of permits and licenses, to satisfy any operational and environmental performance standards , including any PSC requirements and the requirements of tax credits and other incentives , and to integrate facilities into the Southern Company system upon completion of construction; |
• | investment performance of Southern Company's employee and retiree benefit plans and the Southern Company system's nuclear decommissioning trust funds; |
• | advances in technology; |
• | state and federal rate regulations and the impact of pending and future rate cases and negotiations, including rate actions relating to fuel and other cost recovery mechanisms; |
• | legal proceedings and regulatory approvals and actions related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, including Georgia PSC approvals and NRC actions and related legal proceedings involving the commercial parties; |
• | actions related to cost recovery for the Kemper IGCC, including actions relating to proposed securitization, Mississippi PSC approval of a rate recovery plan, including the ability to complete the proposed sale of an interest in the Kemper IGCC to SMEPA, the ability to utilize bonus depreciation, which currently requires that assets be placed in service in 2015, and satisfaction of requirements to utilize ITCs and grants; |
• | Mississippi PSC review of the prudence of Kemper IGCC costs; |
II-43
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
• | the ultimate outcome and impact of the February 2015 decision of the Mississippi Supreme Court and any further legal or regulatory proceedings regarding any settlement agreement between Mississippi Power and the Mississippi PSC, the March 2013 rate order regarding retail rate increases, or the Baseload Act; |
• | the ability to successfully operate the electric utilities' generating, transmission, and distribution facilities and the successful performance of necessary corporate functions; |
• | the inherent risks involved in operating and constructing nuclear generating facilities, including environmental, health, regulatory, natural disaster, terrorism, or financial risks; |
• | the performance of projects undertaken by the non-utility businesses and the success of efforts to invest in and develop new opportunities; |
• | internal restructuring or other restructuring options that may be pursued; |
• | potential business strategies, including acquisitions or dispositions of assets or businesses, which cannot be assured to be completed or beneficial to Southern Company or its subsidiaries; |
• | the ability of counterparties of Southern Company and its subsidiaries to make payments as and when due and to perform as required; |
• | the ability to obtain new short- and long-term contracts with wholesale customers; |
• | the direct or indirect effect on the Southern Company system's business resulting from cyber intrusion or terrorist incidents and the threat of terrorist incidents; |
• | interest rate fluctuations and financial market conditions and the results of financing efforts; |
• | changes in Southern Company's or any of its subsidiaries' credit ratings, including impacts on interest rates, access to capital markets, and collateral requirements; |
• | the impacts of any sovereign financial issues, including impacts on interest rates, access to capital markets, impacts on currency exchange rates, counterparty performance, and the economy in general , as well as potential impacts on the benefits of the DOE loan guarantees; |
• | the ability of Southern Company's subsidiaries to obtain additional generating capacity at competitive prices; |
• | catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, explosions, floods, hurricanes and other storms, droughts, pandemic health events such as influenzas, or other similar occurrences; |
• | the direct or indirect effects on the Southern Company system's business resulting from incidents affecting the U.S. electric grid or operation of generating resources; |
• | the effect of accounting pronouncements issued periodically by standard-setting bodies; and |
• | other factors discussed elsewhere herein and in other reports (including the Form 10-K) filed by Southern Company from time to time with the SEC. |
Southern Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
II-44
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2012 | | |||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Operating Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Retail revenues | $ | 15,550 | |
| $ | 14,541 | |
| $ | 14,187 | |
Wholesale revenues | 2,184 | |
| 1,855 | |
| 1,675 | | |||
Other electric revenues | 672 | |
| 639 | |
| 616 | | |||
Other revenues | 61 | |
| 52 | |
| 59 | | |||
Total operating revenues | 18,467 | |
| 17,087 | |
| 16,537 | | |||
Operating Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Fuel | 6,005 | |
| 5,510 | |
| 5,057 | | |||
Purchased power | 672 | |
| 461 | |
| 544 | | |||
Other operations and maintenance | 4,354 | |
| 3,846 | |
| 3,772 | | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,945 | |
| 1,901 | |
| 1,787 | | |||
Taxes other than income taxes | 981 | |
| 934 | |
| 914 | | |||
Estimated loss on Kemper IGCC | 868 | |
| 1,180 | |
| - | | |||
Total operating expenses | 14,825 | |
| 13,832 | |
| 12,074 | | |||
Operating Income | 3,642 | |
| 3,255 | |
| 4,463 | | |||
Other Income and (Expense): |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | 245 | |
| 190 | |
| 143 | | |||
Interest income | 19 | |
| 19 | |
| 40 | | |||
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | (835 | ) |
| (824 | ) |
| (859 | ) | |||
Other income (expense), net | (63 | ) |
| (81 | ) |
| (38 | ) | |||
Total other income and (expense) | (634 | ) |
| (696 | ) |
| (714 | ) | |||
Earnings Before Income Taxes | 3,008 | |
| 2,559 | |
| 3,749 | | |||
Income taxes | 977 | |
| 849 | |
| 1,334 | | |||
Consolidated Net Income | 2,031 | |
| 1,710 | |
| 2,415 | | |||
Dividends on Preferred and Preference Stock of Subsidiaries | 68 | |
| 66 | |
| 65 | | |||
Consolidated Net Income After Dividends on Preferred and Preference Stock of Subsidiaries | $ | 1,963 | |
| $ | 1,644 | |
| $ | 2,350 | |
Common Stock Data: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Earnings per share (EPS) - |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Basic EPS | $ | 2.19 | |
| $ | 1.88 | |
| $ | 2.70 | |
Diluted EPS | 2.18 | |
| 1.87 | |
| 2.67 | | |||
Average number of shares of common stock outstanding - (in millions) |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Basic | 897 | |
| 877 | |
| 871 | | |||
Diluted | 901 | |
| 881 | |
| 879 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-45
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2012 | | |||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Consolidated Net Income | $ | 2,031 | |
| $ | 1,710 | |
| $ | 2,415 | |
Other comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Qualifying hedges: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Changes in fair value, net of tax of $(6), $-, and $(7), respectively | (10 | ) |
| - | |
| (12 | ) | |||
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net | 5 | |
| 9 | |
| 11 | | |||
Marketable securities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Change in fair value, net of tax of $-, $(2), and $-, respectively | - | |
| (3 | ) |
| - | | |||
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Benefit plan net gain (loss), net of tax of $(32), $22, and $(2), | (51 | ) |
| 36 | |
| (3 | ) | |||
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net income, net of | 3 | |
| 6 | |
| (8 | ) | |||
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (53 | ) |
| 48 | |
| (12 | ) | |||
Dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | (68 | ) |
| (66 | ) |
| (65 | ) | |||
Consolidated Comprehensive Income | $ | 1,910 | |
| $ | 1,692 | |
| $ | 2,338 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-46
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2012 | | |||
|
|
| (in millions) | ||||||||
Operating Activities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 2,031 | |
| $ | 1,710 | |
| $ | 2,415 | |
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided from operating activities - |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Depreciation and amortization, total | 2,293 | |
| 2,298 | |
| 2,145 | | |||
Deferred income taxes | 709 | |
| 496 | |
| 1,096 | | |||
Investment tax credits | 35 | |
| 302 | |
| 128 | | |||
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (245 | ) |
| (190 | ) |
| (143 | ) | |||
Pension, postretirement, and other employee benefits | (515 | ) |
| 131 | |
| (398 | ) | |||
Stock based compensation expense | 63 | |
| 59 | |
| 55 | | |||
Estimated loss on Kemper IGCC | 868 | |
| 1,180 | |
| - | | |||
Other, net | (38 | ) |
| (41 | ) |
| 51 | | |||
Changes in certain current assets and liabilities - |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
-Receivables | (352 | ) |
| (153 | ) |
| 234 | | |||
-Fossil fuel stock | 408 | |
| 481 | |
| (452 | ) | |||
-Materials and supplies | (67 | ) |
| 36 | |
| (97 | ) | |||
-Other current assets | (57 | ) |
| (11 | ) |
| (37 | ) | |||
-Accounts payable | 267 | |
| 72 | |
| (89 | ) | |||
-Accrued taxes | (105 | ) |
| (85 | ) |
| (71 | ) | |||
-Accrued compensation | 255 | |
| (138 | ) |
| (28 | ) | |||
-Mirror CWIP | 180 | |
| - | |
| - | | |||
-Other current liabilities | 85 | |
| (50 | ) |
| 89 | | |||
Net cash provided from operating activities | 5,815 | |
| 6,097 | |
| 4,898 | | |||
Investing Activities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Property additions | (5,977 | ) |
| (5,463 | ) |
| (4,809 | ) | |||
Investment in restricted cash | (11 | ) |
| (149 | ) |
| (280 | ) | |||
Distribution of restricted cash | 57 | |
| 96 | |
| 284 | | |||
Nuclear decommissioning trust fund purchases | (916 | ) |
| (986 | ) |
| (1,046 | ) | |||
Nuclear decommissioning trust fund sales | 914 | |
| 984 | |
| 1,043 | | |||
Cost of removal, net of salvage | (170 | ) |
| (131 | ) |
| (149 | ) | |||
Change in construction payables, net | (107 | ) |
| (126 | ) |
| (84 | ) | |||
Prepaid long-term service agreement | (181 | ) |
| (91 | ) |
| (146 | ) | |||
Other investing activities | (17 | ) |
| 124 | |
| 19 | | |||
Net cash used for investing activities | (6,408 | ) |
| (5,742 | ) |
| (5,168 | ) | |||
Financing Activities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Increase (decrease) in notes payable, net | (676 | ) |
| 662 | |
| (30 | ) | |||
Proceeds - |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Long-term debt issuances | 3,169 | |
| 2,938 | |
| 4,404 | | |||
Interest-bearing refundable deposit | 125 | |
| - | |
| 150 | | |||
Preference stock | - | |
| 50 | |
| - | | |||
Common stock issuances | 806 | |
| 695 | |
| 397 | | |||
Redemptions and repurchases - |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Long-term debt | (816 | ) |
| (2,830 | ) |
| (3,169 | ) | |||
Common stock repurchased | (5 | ) |
| (20 | ) |
| (430 | ) | |||
Payment of common stock dividends | (1,866 | ) |
| (1,762 | ) |
| (1,693 | ) | |||
Payment of dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | (68 | ) |
| (66 | ) |
| (65 | ) | |||
Other financing activities | (25 | ) |
| 9 | |
| 19 | | |||
Net cash provided from (used for) financing activities | 644 | |
| (324 | ) |
| (417 | ) | |||
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 51 | |
| 31 | |
| (687 | ) | |||
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | 659 | |
| 628 | |
| 1,315 | | |||
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | 710 | |
| $ | 659 | |
| $ | 628 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-47
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
At December 31, 2014 and 2013
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Assets | 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Current Assets: |
|
|
| ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 710 | |
| $ | 659 | |
Receivables - |
|
|
| ||||
Customer accounts receivable | 1,090 | |
| 1,027 | | ||
Unbilled revenues | 432 | |
| 448 | | ||
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues | 136 | |
| 58 | | ||
Other accounts and notes receivable | 307 | |
| 304 | | ||
Accumulated provision for uncollectible accounts | (18 | ) |
| (18 | ) | ||
Fossil fuel stock, at average cost | 930 | |
| 1,339 | | ||
Materials and supplies, at average cost | 1,039 | |
| 959 | | ||
Vacation pay | 177 | |
| 171 | | ||
Prepaid expenses | 665 | |
| 278 | | ||
Deferred income taxes, current | 506 | |
| 143 | | ||
Other regulatory assets, current | 346 | |
| 207 | | ||
Other current assets | 50 | |
| 39 | | ||
Total current assets | 6,370 | |
| 5,614 | | ||
Property, Plant, and Equipment: |
|
|
| ||||
In service | 70,013 | |
| 66,021 | | ||
Less accumulated depreciation | 24,059 | |
| 23,059 | | ||
Plant in service, net of depreciation | 45,954 | |
| 42,962 | | ||
Other utility plant, net | 211 | |
| 240 | | ||
Nuclear fuel, at amortized cost | 911 | |
| 855 | | ||
Construction work in progress | 7,792 | |
| 7,151 | | ||
Total property, plant, and equipment | 54,868 | |
| 51,208 | | ||
Other Property and Investments: |
|
|
| ||||
Nuclear decommissioning trusts, at fair value | 1,546 | |
| 1,465 | | ||
Leveraged leases | 743 | |
| 665 | | ||
Miscellaneous property and investments | 203 | |
| 218 | | ||
Total other property and investments | 2,492 | |
| 2,348 | | ||
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |
|
|
| ||||
Deferred charges related to income taxes | 1,510 | |
| 1,436 | | ||
Prepaid pension costs | - | |
| 419 | | ||
Unamortized debt issuance expense | 202 | |
| 139 | | ||
Unamortized loss on reacquired debt | 243 | |
| 269 | | ||
Other regulatory assets, deferred | 4,334 | |
| 2,495 | | ||
Other deferred charges and assets | 904 | |
| 618 | | ||
Total deferred charges and other assets | 7,193 | |
| 5,376 | | ||
Total Assets | $ | 70,923 | |
| $ | 64,546 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-48
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
At December 31, 2014 and 2013
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Current Liabilities: |
|
|
| ||||
Securities due within one year | $ | 3,333 | |
| $ | 469 | |
Interest-bearing refundable deposit | 275 | |
| 150 | | ||
Notes payable | 803 | |
| 1,482 | | ||
Accounts payable | 1,593 | |
| 1,376 | | ||
Customer deposits | 390 | |
| 380 | | ||
Accrued taxes - |
|
|
| ||||
Accrued income taxes | 151 | |
| 13 | | ||
Other accrued taxes | 487 | |
| 456 | | ||
Accrued interest | 295 | |
| 251 | | ||
Accrued vacation pay | 223 | |
| 217 | | ||
Accrued compensation | 576 | |
| 303 | | ||
Other regulatory liabilities, current | 26 | |
| 82 | | ||
Mirror CWIP | 271 | |
| - | | ||
Other current liabilities | 544 | |
| 346 | | ||
Total current liabilities | 8,967 | |
| 5,525 | | ||
Long-Term Debt ( See accompanying statements ) | 20,841 | |
| 21,344 | | ||
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 11,568 | |
| 10,563 | | ||
Deferred credits related to income taxes | 192 | |
| 203 | | ||
Accumulated deferred investment tax credits | 1,208 | |
| 966 | | ||
Employee benefit obligations | 2,432 | |
| 1,461 | | ||
Asset retirement obligations | 2,168 | |
| 2,006 | | ||
Other cost of removal obligations | 1,215 | |
| 1,275 | | ||
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred | 398 | |
| 479 | | ||
Other deferred credits and liabilities | 594 | |
| 585 | | ||
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 19,775 | |
| 17,538 | | ||
Total Liabilities | 49,583 | |
| 44,407 | | ||
Redeemable Preferred Stock of Subsidiaries ( See accompanying statements ) | 375 | |
| 375 | | ||
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (See accompanying statements) | 39 | |
| - | | ||
Total Stockholders' Equity ( See accompanying statements ) | 20,926 | |
| 19,764 | | ||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 70,923 | |
| $ | 64,546 | |
Commitments and Contingent Matters ( See notes ) | |
| |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-49
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITALIZATION
At December 31, 2014 and 2013
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
|
|
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||
|
|
| (in millions) |
|
| (percent of total) | |||||||||
Long-Term Debt: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Long-term debt payable to affiliated trusts - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Variable rate (3.36% at 1/1/15) due 2042 |
|
| $ | 206 | |
| $ | 206 | |
|
|
|
| ||
Total long-term debt payable to affiliated trusts |
|
| 206 | |
| 206 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Long-term senior notes and debt - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Maturity | Interest Rates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
2014 | 3.25% to 4.90% |
| - | |
| 428 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2015 | 0.55% to 5.25% |
| 2,375 | |
| 2,375 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2016 | 1.95% to 5.30% |
| 1,360 | |
| 1,360 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2017 | 1.30% to 5.90% |
| 1,495 | |
| 1,095 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2018 | 2.20% to 5.40% |
| 850 | |
| 850 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2019 | 2.15% to 5.55% |
| 1,175 | |
| 825 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2020 through 2051 | 1.63% to 6.38% |
| 10,574 | |
| 9,973 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rate (1.29% at 1/1/14) due 2014 |
|
| - | |
| 11 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rates (0.77% to 1.17% at 1/1/15) due 2015 |
|
| 775 | |
| 525 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rates (0.56% to 0.63% at 1/1/15) due 2016 |
|
| 450 | |
| 450 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total long-term senior notes and debt |
|
| 19,054 | |
| 17,892 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Other long-term debt - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Pollution control revenue bonds - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Maturity | Interest Rates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
2019 | 4.55% |
| 25 | |
| 25 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
2022 through 2049 | 0.28% to 6.00% |
| 1,466 | |
| 1,453 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rates (0.03% to 0.04% at 1/1/15) due 2015 |
|
| 152 | |
| 54 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rate (0.04% at 1/1/15) due 2016 |
|
| 4 | |
| 4 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rate (0.04% to 0.06% at 1/1/15) due 2017 |
|
| 36 | |
| 36 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rate (0.04% at 1/1/14) due 2018 |
|
| - | |
| 19 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Variable rates (0.01% to 0.09% at 1/1/15) due 2020 to 2052 |
|
| 1,566 | |
| 1,642 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Plant Daniel revenue bonds (7.13%) due 2021 |
|
| 270 | |
| 270 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
FFB loans (3.00% to 3.86%) due 2044 |
|
| 1,200 | |
| - | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total other long-term debt |
|
| 4,719 | |
| 3,503 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Capitalized lease obligations |
|
| 159 | |
| 163 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Unamortized debt premium |
|
| 69 | |
| 79 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Unamortized debt discount |
|
| (33 | ) |
| (30 | ) |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total long-term debt (annual interest requirement - $857 million) |
| 24,174 | |
| 21,813 | |
|
|
|
| |||||
Less amount due within one year |
|
| 3,333 | |
| 469 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Long-term debt excluding amount due within one year |
|
| 20,841 | |
| 21,344 | |
| 49.4 | % |
| 51.5 | % | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
II-50
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITALIZATION (continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
|
|
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||
|
|
| (in millions) |
|
| (percent of total) | |||||||||
Redeemable Preferred Stock of Subsidiaries: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cumulative preferred stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
$100 par or stated value - 4.20% to 5.44% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Authorized - 20 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Outstanding - 1 million shares |
|
| 81 | |
| 81 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
$1 par value - 5.20% to 5.83% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Authorized - 28 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Outstanding - 12 million shares: $25 stated value |
|
| 294 | |
| 294 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total redeemable preferred stock of subsidiaries |
|
| 375 | |
| 375 | |
| 0.9 | |
| 0.9 | | ||
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |
|
| 39 | |
| - | |
| 0.1 | |
| - | | ||
Common Stockholders' Equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Common stock, par value $5 per share - |
|
| 4,539 | |
| 4,461 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Authorized - 1.5 billion shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Issued - 2014: 909 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
- 2013: 893 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Treasury - 2014: 0.7 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
- 2013: 5.7 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Paid-in capital |
|
| 5,955 | |
| 5,362 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Treasury, at cost |
|
| (26 | ) |
| (250 | ) |
|
|
|
| ||||
Retained earnings |
|
| 9,609 | |
| 9,510 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
|
| (128 | ) |
| (75 | ) |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total common stockholders' equity |
|
| 19,949 | |
| 19,008 | |
| 47.3 | |
| 45.8 | | ||
Preferred and Preference Stock of Subsidiaries and Noncontrolling Interest: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Non-cumulative preferred stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
$25 par value - 6.00% to 6.13% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Authorized - 60 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Outstanding - 2 million shares |
|
| 45 | |
| 45 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Preference stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Authorized - 65 million shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Outstanding - $1 par value |
|
| 343 | |
| 343 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
- 5.63% to 6.50% - 14 million shares (non-cumulative) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Outstanding - $100 par or stated value |
|
| 368 | |
| 368 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
- 5.60% to 6.50% - 4 million shares (non-cumulative) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Noncontrolling Interest |
|
| 221 | |
| - | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries and noncontrolling |
|
| 977 | |
| 756 | |
| 2.3 | |
| 1.8 | | ||
Total stockholders' equity |
|
| 20,926 | |
| 19,764 | |
|
|
|
| ||||
Total Capitalization |
|
| $ | 42,181 | |
| $ | 41,483 | |
| 100.0 | % |
| 100.0 | % |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-51
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
| Southern Company Common Stockholders' Equity |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares |
| Common Stock |
|
|
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
| Preferred and Preference Stock of Subsidiaries |
| Noncontrolling Interest |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issued |
| Treasury |
| Par Value |
| Paid-In Capital |
| Treasury |
| Retained Earnings |
|
|
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) |
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at | 865,664 | |
| (539) |
| $ | 4,328 | |
| $ | 4,410 | |
| $ | (17 | ) |
| $ | 8,968 | |
| $ | (111 | ) |
| $ | 707 | |
| $ | - | | $ | 18,285 | |
Net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 2,350 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 2,350 | | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (12 | ) |
| - | |
| - | | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Stock issued | 12,139 | |
| - |
| 61 | |
| 336 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 397 | | ||||||||
Stock repurchased, at cost | - | |
| (9,440) |
| - | |
| - | |
| (430 | ) |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | (430 | ) | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| 106 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 106 | | ||||||||
Cash dividends of $1.9425 per share | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (1,693 | ) |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | (1,693 | ) | ||||||||
Other | - | |
| (56) |
| - | |
| 3 | |
| (3 | ) |
| 1 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 1 | | ||||||||
Balance at | 877,803 | |
| (10,035) |
| 4,389 | |
| 4,855 | |
| (450 | ) |
| 9,626 | |
| (123 | ) |
| 707 | |
| - | | 19,004 | | ||||||||
Net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 1,644 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 1,644 | | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 48 | |
| - | |
| - | | 48 | | ||||||||
Stock issued | 14,930 | |
| 4,443 |
| 72 | |
| 441 | |
| 203 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 49 | |
| - | | 765 | | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| 65 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 65 | | ||||||||
Cash dividends of $2.0125 per share | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (1,762 | ) |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | (1,762 | ) | ||||||||
Other | - | |
| (55) |
| - | |
| 1 | |
| (3 | ) |
| 2 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | - | | ||||||||
Balance at | 892,733 | |
| (5,647) |
| 4,461 | |
| 5,362 | |
| (250 | ) |
| 9,510 | |
| (75 | ) |
| 756 | |
| - | | 19,764 | | ||||||||
Net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 1,963 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 1,963 | | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (53 | ) |
| - | |
| - | | (53 | ) | ||||||||
Stock issued | 15,769 | |
| 4,996 |
| 78 | |
| 501 | |
| 227 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 806 | | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| 86 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | 86 | | ||||||||
Cash dividends of $2.0825 per share | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (1,866 | ) |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | | (1,866 | ) | ||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interest | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 221 | | 221 | | ||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | - | |
| - |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Other | - | |
| (74) |
| - | |
| 6 | |
| (3 | ) |
| 2 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 2 | | 7 | | ||||||||
Balance at | 908,502 | |
| (725) |
| $ | 4,539 | |
| $ | 5,955 | |
| $ | (26 | ) |
| $ | 9,609 | |
| $ | (128 | ) |
| $ | 756 | |
| $ | 221 | | $ | 20,926 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
II-52
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Index to the Notes to Financial Statements
Note |
| Page |
1 | Summary of Significant Accounting Polices | II-54 |
2 | Retirement Benefits | II-63 |
3 | Contingencies and Regulatory Matters | II-76 |
4 | Joint Ownership Agreements | II-94 |
5 | Income Taxes | II-94 |
6 | Financing | II-98 |
7 | Commitments | II-103 |
8 | Common Stock | II-105 |
9 | Nuclear Insurance | II-107 |
10 | Fair Value Measurements | II-108 |
11 | Derivatives | II-112 |
12 | Segment and Related Information | II-117 |
13 | Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) | II-119 |
II-53
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
The Southern Company (Southern Company or the Company) is the parent company of four traditional operating companies, Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants.
The financial statements reflect Southern Company's investments in the subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The equity method is used for entities in which the Company has significant influence but does not control and for variable interest entities where the Company has an equity investment, but is not the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and certain of their subsidiaries are subject to regulation by the FERC, and the traditional operating companies are also subject to regulation by their respective state PSCs. The companies follow GAAP in the U.S. and comply with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by their respective commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Southern Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The traditional operating companies are subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
II-54
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| Note | ||
| (in millions) |
|
| ||||||
Retiree benefit plans | $ | 3,469 | |
| $ | 1,760 | |
| (a,p) |
Deferred income tax charges | 1,458 | |
| 1,376 | |
| (b) | ||
Loss on reacquired debt | 267 | |
| 293 | |
| (c) | ||
Fuel-hedging-asset | 202 | |
| 58 | |
| (d,p) | ||
Deferred PPA charges | 185 | |
| 180 | |
| (e,p) | ||
Vacation pay | 177 | |
| 171 | |
| (f,p) | ||
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues | 157 | |
| 70 | |
| (g) | ||
Kemper IGCC regulatory assets | 148 | |
| 76 | |
| (h) | ||
Asset retirement obligations-asset | 119 | |
| 145 | |
| (b,p) | ||
Nuclear outage | 99 | |
| 78 | |
| (g) | ||
Property damage reserves-asset | 98 | |
| 37 | |
| (i) | ||
Cancelled construction projects | 67 | |
| 70 | |
| (j) | ||
Environmental remediation-asset | 64 | |
| 62 | |
| (k,p) | ||
Deferred income tax charges - Medicare subsidy | 57 | |
| 65 | |
| (l) | ||
Other regulatory assets | 195 | |
| 222 | |
| (m) | ||
Other cost of removal obligations | (1,229 | ) |
| (1,289 | ) |
| (b) | ||
Kemper regulatory liability (Mirror CWIP) | (271 | ) |
| (91 | ) |
| (h) | ||
Deferred income tax credits | (192 | ) |
| (203 | ) |
| (b) | ||
Property damage reserves-liability | (181 | ) |
| (191 | ) |
| (n) | ||
Asset retirement obligations-liability | (130 | ) |
| (139 | ) |
| (b,p) | ||
Other regulatory liabilities | (95 | ) |
| (126 | ) |
| (o) | ||
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net | $ | 4,664 | |
| $ | 2,624 | |
|
|
Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a) | Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 15 years . See Note 2 for additional information. |
(b) | Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities are recorded, deferred income tax assets are recovered, and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 70 years . Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. At December 31, 2014 , other cost of removal obligations included $29 million that will be amortized over the two -year period from January 2015 through December 2016 in accordance with Georgia Power's 2013 ARP. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Rate Plans" for additional information. At December 31, 2014 , other cost of removal obligations included $8.4 million recorded as authorized by the Florida PSC in the Settlement Agreement approved in December 2013 (Gulf Power Settlement Agreement). |
(c) | Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue, which may range up to 50 years . |
(d) | Recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed five years . Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the energy cost recovery clause. |
(e) | Recovered over the life of the PPA for periods up to nine years . |
(f) | Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year . This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay. |
(g) | Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved or accepted by the appropriate state PSCs over periods not exceeding 10 years . |
(h) | For additional information, see Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Rate Recovery of Kemper IGCC Costs – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities." |
(i) | Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved or accepted by the appropriate state PSCs over periods generally not exceeding eight years . |
(j) | Costs associated with construction of environmental controls that will not be completed as a result of unit retirements being amortized as approved by the Georgia PSC over periods not exceeding nine years or through 2022. |
(k) | Recovered through the environmental cost recovery clause when the remediation is performed. |
(l) | Recovered and amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSCs over periods not exceeding 15 years . |
(m) | Comprised of numerous immaterial components including property taxes, generation site selection/evaluation costs, demand side management cost deferrals, regulatory deferrals, building leases, net book value of retired generating units, Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 regulatory assets, and other miscellaneous assets. These costs are recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSC over periods generally not exceeding 10 years or, as applicable, over the remaining life of the asset but not beyond 2031. |
(n) | Recovered as storm restoration and potential reliability-related expenses are incurred as approved by the appropriate state PSCs. |
(o) | Comprised of numerous immaterial components including over-recovered regulatory clause revenues, fuel-hedging liabilities, mine reclamation and remediation liabilities, PPA credits, nuclear disposal fees, and other liabilities that are recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSCs generally over periods not exceeding 10 years . |
(p) | Not earning a return as offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability. |
II-55
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
In the event that a portion of a traditional operating company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, such company would be required to write off to income or reclassify to accumulated OCI related regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the traditional operating company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power," "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power," and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Revenues
Wholesale capacity revenues from PPAs are recognized either on a levelized basis over the appropriate contract period or the amount billable under the contract terms. Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. Electric rates for the traditional operating companies include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, fuel hedging, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between these actual costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates. Under or over recovered regulatory clause revenues are recorded in the balance sheets and are recovered or returned to customers through adjustments to the billing factors.
Southern Company's electric utility subsidiaries have a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel expense also includes the amortization of the cost of nuclear fuel and a charge, based on nuclear generation, for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
Income and Other Taxes
Southern Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of income.
In accordance with regulatory requirements, deferred federal ITCs for the traditional operating companies are amortized over the average lives of the related property with such amortization normally applied as a credit to reduce depreciation in the statements of income. Credits amortized in this manner amounted to $22 million in 2014 , $16 million in 2013 , and $23 million in 2012 . At December 31, 2014 , all ITCs available to reduce federal income taxes payable had not been utilized. The remaining ITCs will be carried forward and utilized in future years. Additionally, several subsidiaries have state ITCs, which are recognized in the period in which the credit is claimed on the state income tax return. A portion of the state ITCs available to reduce state income taxes payable was not utilized currently and will be carried forward and utilized in future years.
Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA), certain projects at Southern Power are eligible for federal ITCs or cash grants. Southern Power has elected to receive ITCs. The credits are recorded as a deferred credit and are amortized to income tax expense over the life of the asset. Credits amortized in this manner amounted to $11.4 million in 2014 , $5.5 million in 2013 , and $2.6 million in 2012 . Also, Southern Power received cash related to federal ITCs under the renewable energy incentives of $74 million , $158 million , and $45 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, which had a material impact on cash flows. Furthermore, the tax basis of the asset is reduced by 50% of the credits received, resulting in a net deferred tax asset. Southern Power has elected to recognize the tax benefit of this basis difference as a reduction to income tax expense in the year in which the plant reaches commercial operation. The tax benefit of the related basis differences reduced income tax expense by $48 million in 2014, $31 million in 2013, and $8 million in 2012.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, Southern Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the interest capitalized and cost of equity funds used during construction.
II-56
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
The Southern Company system's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Generation | $ | 37,892 | |
| $ | 35,360 | |
Transmission | 9,884 | |
| 9,289 | | ||
Distribution | 17,123 | |
| 16,499 | | ||
General | 4,198 | |
| 3,958 | | ||
Plant acquisition adjustment | 123 | |
| 123 | | ||
Utility plant in service | 69,220 | |
| 65,229 | | ||
Information technology equipment and software | 244 | |
| 242 | | ||
Communications equipment | 439 | |
| 437 | | ||
Other | 110 | |
| 113 | | ||
Other plant in service | 793 | |
| 792 | | ||
Total plant in service | $ | 70,013 | |
| $ | 66,021 | |
The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred or performed with the exception of nuclear refueling costs, which are recorded in accordance with specific state PSC orders. Alabama Power and Georgia Power defer and amortize nuclear refueling costs over the unit's operating cycle. The refueling cycles for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and Georgia Power's Plants Hatch and Vogtle Units 1 and 2 range from 18 to 24 months , depending on the unit.
Assets acquired under a capital lease are included in property, plant, and equipment and are further detailed in the table below:
| Asset Balances at December 31, | ||||||
| 2014 | | 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Office building | $ | 61 | | | $ | 61 | |
Nitrogen plant | 83 | | | 83 | | ||
Computer-related equipment | 60 | | | 62 | | ||
Gas pipeline | 6 | | | 6 | | ||
Less: Accumulated amortization | (49 | ) | | (48 | ) | ||
Balance, net of amortization | $ | 161 | | | $ | 164 | |
The amount of non-cash property additions recognized for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 was $528 million , $411 million , and $524 million , respectively. These amounts are comprised of construction-related accounts payable outstanding at each year end. Also, the amount of non-cash property additions associated with capitalized leases for the years ended December 31, 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 was $25 million , $107 million , and $14 million , respectively.
Acquisitions
Southern Power acquires generation assets as part of its overall growth strategy. Southern Power accounts for business acquisitions from non-affiliates as business combinations. Accordingly, Southern Power has included these operations in the consolidated financial statements from the respective date of acquisition. The purchase price, including contingent consideration, if any, of each acquisition was allocated based on the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities. Assets acquired that do not meet the definition of a business in accordance with GAAP are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The purchase price of each asset acquisition was allocated based on the relative fair value of assets acquired. Any due diligence or transition costs incurred by Southern Power for successful or potential acquisitions have been expensed as incurred.
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Acquisitions entered into or made by Southern Power during 2014 and 2013 are detailed in the table below:
| MW Capacity | Percentage Ownership | Year of Operation | Party Under PPA Contract for Plant Output | PPA Contract Period | Purchase Price |
| |
| |
| | | | (millions) |
| |
SG2 Imperial Valley, LLC (a) | 150 | | 51% | 2014 | San Diego Gas & Electric Company | 25 years | $504.7 | (c) |
Macho Springs Solar LLC (b) | 50 | | 90 | 2014 | El Paso Electric Company | 20 years | $130.0 | (d) |
Adobe Solar, LLC (b) | 20 | | 90 | 2014 | Southern California Edison Company | 20 years | $96.2 | (d) |
Campo Verde Solar, LLC (b)(e) | 139 | | 90 | 2013 | San Diego Gas & Electric Company | 20 years | $136.6 | (d) |
(a) | This acquisition was made by Southern Power through its subsidiaries Southern Renewable Partnerships, LLC and SG2 Holdings, LLC. SG2 Holdings, LLC is jointly-owned by Southern Power and First Solar, Inc. |
(b) | This acquisition was made by Southern Power and Turner Renewable Energy, LLC through Southern Turner Renewable Energy, LLC. |
(c) | Reflects Southern Power's portion of the purchase price. |
(d) | Reflects 100% of the purchase price, including Turner Renewable Energy, LLC's 10% equity contribution. |
(e) | Under an engineering, procurement, and construction agreement, an additional $355.5 million was paid to a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. to complete the construction of the solar facility. |
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of utility plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 3.1% in 2014 , 3.3% in 2013 , and 3.2% in 2012 . Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates. These studies are filed with the respective state PSC and the FERC for the traditional operating companies. Accumulated depreciation for utility plant in service totaled $23.5 billion and $22.5 billion at December 31, 2014 and 2013 , respectively. When property subject to composite depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet accounts, and a gain or loss is recognized. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired. Certain of Southern Power's generation assets are now depreciated on a units-of-production basis, using hours or starts, to better match outage and maintenance costs to the usage of and revenues from these assets. Cost, net of salvage value, of these assets is depreciated on an hours or starts units-of-production basis. The book value of plant-in-service as of December 31, 2014 that is depreciated on a units-of-production basis was approximately $470.2 million .
In 2009, the Georgia PSC approved an accounting order allowing Georgia Power to amortize a portion of its regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations. Under the terms of Georgia Power's Alternate Rate Plan for the years 2011 through 2013 (2010 ARP), Georgia Power amortized approximately $31 million annually of the remaining regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations over the three years ended December 31, 2013. Under the terms of the 2013 ARP, an additional $14 million is being amortized annually by Georgia Power over the three years ending December 31, 2016. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Rate Plans" for additional information.
Depreciation of the original cost of other plant in service is provided primarily on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to 25 years . Accumulated depreciation for other plant in service totaled $533 million and $513 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013 , respectively.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. Each traditional operating company has received accounting guidance from the various state PSCs allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that it does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The liability for AROs primarily relates to the decommissioning of the Southern Company system's nuclear facilities, Plants Farley, Hatch, and Vogtle. In addition, the Southern Company system has retirement obligations related to various landfill sites, ash ponds, asbestos removal, mine reclamation, and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls in certain transformers. The Southern Company system also has identified retirement obligations related to certain transmission and distribution facilities, certain
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
wireless communication towers, property associated with the Southern Company system's rail lines and natural gas pipelines, and certain structures authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the retirement obligations related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of income allowed removal costs in accordance with regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability, as ordered by the various state PSCs, and are reflected in the balance sheets. See "Nuclear Decommissioning" herein for additional information on amounts included in rates.
Details of the AROs included in the balance sheets are as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 2,018 | |
| $ | 1,757 | |
Liabilities incurred | 18 | |
| 6 | | ||
Liabilities settled | (17 | ) |
| (16 | ) | ||
Accretion | 102 | |
| 97 | | ||
Cash flow revisions | 80 | |
| 174 | | ||
Balance at end of year | $ | 2,201 | |
| $ | 2,018 | |
The cash flow revisions in 2014 are primarily related to Alabama Power's and SEGCO's AROs associated with asbestos at their steam generation facilities. The cash flow revisions in 2013 are primarily related to revisions to the nuclear decommissioning ARO based on Alabama Power's updated decommissioning study and Georgia Power's updated estimates for ash ponds in connection with the retirement of certain coal-fired generating units.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the traditional operating companies' ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain ; however, Southern Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $860 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $140 million . Certain of the traditional operating companies have previously recorded AROs associated with ash ponds of $506 million , or $468 million on a nominal dollar basis, based on existing state requirements. During 2015, the traditional operating companies will record AROs for any incremental estimated closure costs resulting from acceleration in the timing of any currently planned closures and for differences between existing state requirements and the requirements of the CCR Rule. Southern Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Nuclear Decommissioning
The NRC requires licensees of commercial nuclear power reactors to establish a plan for providing reasonable assurance of funds for future decommissioning. Alabama Power and Georgia Power have external trust funds (Funds) to comply with the NRC's regulations. Use of the Funds is restricted to nuclear decommissioning activities. The Funds are managed and invested in accordance with applicable requirements of various regulatory bodies, including the NRC, the FERC, and state PSCs, as well as the IRS. While Alabama Power and Georgia Power are allowed to prescribe an overall investment policy to the Funds' managers, neither Southern Company nor its subsidiaries or affiliates are allowed to engage in the day-to-day management of the Funds or to mandate individual investment decisions. Day-to-day management of the investments in the Funds is delegated to unrelated third party managers with oversight by the management of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Georgia Power. The Funds' managers are authorized, within certain investment guidelines, to actively buy and sell securities at their own discretion in order to maximize the return on the Funds' investments. The Funds are invested in a tax-efficient manner in a diversified mix of equity and fixed income securities and are reported as trading securities.
Southern Company records the investment securities held in the Funds at fair value, as disclosed in Note 10, as management believes that fair value best represents the nature of the Funds. Gains and losses, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
the regulatory liability for AROs in the balance sheets and are not included in net income or OCI. Fair value adjustments and realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis.
The Funds at Georgia Power participate in a securities lending program through the managers of the Funds. Under this program, the Funds' investment securities are loaned to institutional investors for a fee. Securities loaned are fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit, and/or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013 , approximately $51 million and $32 million , respectively, of the fair market value of the Funds' securities were on loan and pledged to creditors under the Funds' managers' securities lending program. The fair value of the collateral received was approximately $52 million and $33 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013 , respectively, and can only be sold by the borrower upon the return of the loaned securities. The collateral received is treated as a non-cash item in the statements of cash flows.
At December 31, 2014 , investment securities in the Funds totaled $1.5 billion , consisting of equity securities of $886 million , debt securities of $638 million , and $19 million of other securities. At December 31, 2013 , investment securities in the Funds totaled $1.5 billion , consisting of equity securities of $896 million , debt securities of $528 million , and $40 million of other securities. These amounts include the investment securities pledged to creditors and collateral received and exclude receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales and payables related to pending investment purchases and the lending pool.
Sales of the securities held in the Funds resulted in cash proceeds of $913 million , $1.0 billion , and $1.0 billion in 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 , respectively, all of which were reinvested. For 2014 , fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $98 million , of which $2 million related to realized gains and $19 million related to unrealized gains and losses related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2014 . For 2013 , fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $181 million , of which $5 million related to realized gains and $119 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2013 . For 2012 , fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $137 million , of which $4 million related to realized gains and $75 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2012 . While the investment securities held in the Funds are reported as trading securities, the Funds continue to be managed with a long-term focus. Accordingly, all purchases and sales within the Funds are presented separately in the statements of cash flows as investing cash flows, consistent with the nature of the securities and purpose for which the securities were acquired.
For Alabama Power, amounts previously recorded in internal reserves are being transferred into the Funds over periods approved by the Alabama PSC. The NRC's minimum external funding requirements are based on a generic estimate of the cost to decommission only the radioactive portions of a nuclear unit based on the size and type of reactor. Alabama Power and Georgia Power have filed plans with the NRC designed to ensure that, over time, the deposits and earnings of the Funds will provide the minimum funding amounts prescribed by the NRC.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013 , the accumulated provisions for decommissioning were as follows:
| External Trust Funds |
| Internal Reserves |
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Farley | $ | 754 | |
| $ | 713 | |
| $ | 21 | |
| $ | 21 | |
| $ | 775 | |
| $ | 734 | |
Plant Hatch | 496 | |
| 469 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 496 | |
| 469 | | ||||||
Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 | 293 | |
| 277 | |
| - | |
| - | |
| 293 | |
| 277 | |
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Site study cost is the estimate to decommission a specific facility as of the site study year. The decommissioning cost estimates are based on prompt dismantlement and removal of the plant from service. The actual decommissioning costs may vary from these estimates because of changes in the assumed date of decommissioning, changes in NRC requirements, or changes in the assumptions used in making these estimates. The estimated costs of decommissioning as of December 31, 2014 based on the most current studies, which were performed in 2013 for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and in 2012 for the Georgia Power plants, were as follows for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and Georgia Power's ownership interests in Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2:
| Plant Farley |
| Plant Hatch |
| Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 | ||||||
Decommissioning periods: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Beginning year | 2037 | |
| 2034 | |
| 2047 | | |||
Completion year | 2076 | |
| 2068 | |
| 2072 | | |||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Site study costs: |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Radiated structures | $ | 1,362 | |
| $ | 549 | |
| $ | 453 | |
Spent fuel management | - | |
| 131 | |
| 115 | | |||
Non-radiated structures | 80 | |
| 51 | |
| 76 | | |||
Total site study costs | $ | 1,442 | |
| $ | 731 | |
| $ | 644 | |
For ratemaking purposes, Alabama Power's decommissioning costs are based on the site study, and Georgia Power's decommissioning costs are based on the NRC generic estimate to decommission the radioactive portion of the facilities and the site study estimate for spent fuel management as of 2012. Under the 2013 ARP, the Georgia PSC approved Georgia Power's annual decommissioning cost through 2016 for ratemaking of $4 million and $2 million for Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2, respectively. Georgia Power expects the Georgia PSC to periodically review and adjust, if necessary, the amounts collected in rates for nuclear decommissioning costs. Significant assumptions used to determine these costs for ratemaking were an inflation rate of 4.5% and 2.4% for Alabama Power and Georgia Power, respectively, and a trust earnings rate of 7.0% and 4.4% for Alabama Power and Georgia Power, respectively.
Amounts previously contributed to the Funds for Plant Farley are currently projected to be adequate to meet the decommissioning obligations. Alabama Power will continue to provide site-specific estimates of the decommissioning costs and related projections of funds in the external trust to the Alabama PSC and, if necessary, would seek the Alabama PSC's approval to address any changes in a manner consistent with NRC and other applicable requirements.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction and Interest Capitalized
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the traditional operating companies record AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in calculating taxable income. Interest related to the construction of new facilities not included in the traditional operating companies' regulated rates is capitalized in accordance with standard interest capitalization requirements. AFUDC and interest capitalized, net of income taxes were 16.0% , 15.0% , and 8.2% of net income for 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 , respectively.
Cash payments for interest totaled $732 million , $759 million , and $803 million in 2014 , 2013 , and 2012 , respectively, net of amounts capitalized of $111 million , $92 million , and $83 million , respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
Southern Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Storm Damage Reserves
Each traditional operating company maintains a reserve to cover or is allowed to defer and recover the cost of damages from major storms to its transmission and distribution lines and generally the cost of uninsured damages to its generation facilities and other property. In accordance with their respective state PSC orders, the traditional operating companies accrued $40 million in 2014 and $28 million in 2013 . Alabama Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power also have authority based on orders from their state PSCs to accrue certain additional amounts as circumstances warrant. In 2014 and 2013 , there were no such additional accruals. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Natural Disaster Reserve" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" for additional information regarding Alabama Power's NDR and Georgia Power's deferred storm costs, respectively.
Leveraged Leases
Southern Company has several leveraged lease agreements, with original terms ranging up to 45 years , which relate to international and domestic energy generation, distribution, and transportation assets. Southern Company receives federal income tax deductions for depreciation and amortization, as well as interest on long-term debt related to these investments. The Company reviews all important lease assumptions at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that a change in assumptions has occurred or may occur. These assumptions include the effective tax rate, the residual value, the credit quality of the lessees, and the timing of expected tax cash flows.
Southern Company's net investment in domestic and international leveraged leases consists of the following at December 31:
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | | ||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Net rentals receivable | $ | 1,495 | |
| $ | 1,440 | |
Unearned income | (752 | ) |
| (775 | ) | ||
Investment in leveraged leases | 743 | |
| 665 | | ||
Deferred taxes from leveraged leases | (299 | ) |
| (287 | ) | ||
Net investment in leveraged leases | $ | 444 | |
| $ | 378 | |
A summary of the components of income from the leveraged leases follows:
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2012 | | |||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Pretax leveraged lease income (loss) | $ | 24 | |
| $ | (5 | ) |
| $ | 21 | |
Income tax expense | (9 | ) |
| 2 | |
| (8 | ) | |||
Net leveraged lease income (loss) | $ | 15 | |
| $ | (3 | ) |
| $ | 13 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of coal, natural gas, oil, transportation, and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used and recovered by the traditional operating companies through fuel cost recovery rates approved by each state PSC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Financial Instruments
Southern Company and its subsidiaries use derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, electricity purchases and sales, and occasionally foreign currency exchange rates. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Southern Company system's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the traditional operating companies' fuel-hedging programs result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. Any ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of income. See Note 11 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. At December 31, 2014 , the amount included in accounts payable in the balance sheets that the Company has recognized for the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments was immaterial.
Southern Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges and marketable securities, certain changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plans, reclassifications for amounts included in net income, and dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries.
Accumulated OCI (loss) balances, net of tax effects, were as follows:
| Qualifying Hedges |
| Marketable Securities |
| Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans |
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | (36 | ) |
| $ | - | |
| $ | (39 | ) |
| $ | (75 | ) |
Current period change | (5 | ) |
| - | |
| (48 | ) |
| (53 | ) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | (41 | ) |
| $ | - | |
| $ | (87 | ) |
| $ | (128 | ) |
2. RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Southern Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). In December 2014 , certain of the traditional operating companies and other subsidiaries voluntarily contributed an aggregate of $500 million to the qualified pension plan. No mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2015 . Southern Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, Southern Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The traditional operating companies fund related other postretirement trusts to the extent required by their respective regulatory commissions. For the year ending December 31, 2015 , other postretirement trust contributions are expected to total approximately $19 million .
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the benefit obligations as of the measurement date and the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year are presented below. Net periodic benefit costs were calculated i n 2011 for the 2012 plan year using discount rates for the pension plans and the other postretirement benefit plans of 4.98% and 4.88% , respectively, and an annual salary increase of 3.84% .
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | |||
Discount rate: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Pension plans | 4.17 | % |
| 5.02 | % |
| 4.26 | % |
Other postretirement benefit plans | 4.04 | |
| 4.85 | |
| 4.05 | |
Annual salary increase | 3.59 | |
| 3.59 | |
| 3.59 | |
Long-term return on plan assets: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Pension plans | 8.20 | |
| 8.20 | |
| 8.20 | |
Other postretirement benefit plans | 7.15 | |
| 7.13 | |
| 7.29 | |
The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2014 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension plans and retiree life and medical plans, which reflect increased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables increased the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $636 million and $92 million , respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2014 were as follows:
|
| Initial Cost Trend Rate |
| Ultimate Cost Trend Rate |
| Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached | ||
Pre-65 |
| 9.00 | % |
| 4.50 | % |
| 2024 |
Post-65 medical |
| 6.00 | |
| 4.50 | |
| 2024 |
Post-65 prescription |
| 6.75 | |
| 4.50 | |
| 2024 |
An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2014 as follows:
| 1 Percent Increase |
| 1 Percent Decrease | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Benefit obligation | $ | 140 | |
| $ | (117 | ) |
Service and interest costs | 6 | |
| (5 | ) |
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Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $10.0 billion at December 31, 2014 and $8.1 billion at December 31, 2013 . Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Change in benefit obligation |
|
|
| ||||
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 8,863 | |
| $ | 9,302 | |
Service cost | 213 | |
| 232 | | ||
Interest cost | 435 | |
| 389 | | ||
Benefits paid | (382 | ) |
| (357 | ) | ||
Actuarial (gain) loss | 1,780 | |
| (703 | ) | ||
Balance at end of year | 10,909 | |
| 8,863 | | ||
Change in plan assets |
|
|
| ||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 8,733 | |
| 7,953 | | ||
Actual return on plan assets | 797 | |
| 1,098 | | ||
Employer contributions | 542 | |
| 39 | | ||
Benefits paid | (382 | ) |
| (357 | ) | ||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 9,690 | |
| 8,733 | | ||
Accrued liability | $ | (1,219 | ) |
| $ | (130 | ) |
At December 31, 2014 , the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $10.3 billion and $617 million , respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Prepaid pension costs | $ | - | |
| $ | 419 | |
Other regulatory assets, deferred | 3,073 | |
| 1,651 | | ||
Other current liabilities | (42 | ) |
| (40 | ) | ||
Employee benefit obligations | (1,177 | ) |
| (509 | ) | ||
Accumulated OCI | 134 | |
| 64 | |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and regulatory assets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2015 .
| Prior Service Cost |
| Net (Gain) Loss | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2014: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | 4 | |
| $ | 130 | |
Regulatory assets | 51 | |
| 3,022 | | ||
Total | $ | 55 | |
| $ | 3,152 | |
Balance at December 31, 2013: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | 5 | |
| $ | 59 | |
Regulatory assets | 75 | |
| 1,575 | | ||
Total | $ | 80 | |
| $ | 1,634 | |
Estimated amortization in net periodic pension cost in 2015: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | 1 | |
| $ | 9 | |
Regulatory assets | 24 | |
| 206 | | ||
Total | $ | 25 | |
| $ | 215 | |
The components of OCI and the changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are presented in the following table:
| Accumulated OCI |
| Regulatory Assets | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 125 | |
| $ | 3,013 | |
Net gain | (52 | ) |
| (1,145 | ) | ||
Change in prior service costs | - | |
| 1 | | ||
Reclassification adjustments: |
|
|
| ||||
Amortization of prior service costs | (1 | ) |
| (26 | ) | ||
Amortization of net gain (loss) | (8 | ) |
| (192 | ) | ||
Total reclassification adjustments | (9 | ) |
| (218 | ) | ||
Total change | (61 | ) |
| (1,362 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 64 | |
| $ | 1,651 | |
Net gain | 75 | |
| 1,552 | | ||
Change in prior service costs | - | |
| 1 | | ||
Reclassification adjustments: |
|
|
| ||||
Amortization of prior service costs | (1 | ) |
| (25 | ) | ||
Amortization of net gain (loss) | (4 | ) |
| (106 | ) | ||
Total reclassification adjustments | (5 | ) |
| (131 | ) | ||
Total change | 70 | |
| 1,422 | | ||
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 134 | |
| $ | 3,073 | |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 213 | |
| $ | 232 | |
| $ | 198 | |
Interest cost | 435 | |
| 389 | |
| 393 | | |||
Expected return on plan assets | (645 | ) |
| (603 | ) |
| (581 | ) | |||
Recognized net loss | 110 | |
| 200 | |
| 95 | | |||
Net amortization | 26 | |
| 27 | |
| 30 | | |||
Net periodic pension cost | $ | 139 | |
| $ | 245 | |
| $ | 135 | |
Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2014 , estimated benefit payments were as follows:
| Benefit Payments | ||
| (in millions) | ||
2015 | $ | 522 | |
2016 | 450 | | |
2017 | 478 | | |
2018 | 499 | | |
2019 | 524 | | |
2020 to 2024 | 2,962 | |
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Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Change in benefit obligation |
|
|
| ||||
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 1,682 | |
| $ | 1,872 | |
Service cost | 21 | |
| 24 | | ||
Interest cost | 79 | |
| 74 | | ||
Benefits paid | (102 | ) |
| (94 | ) | ||
Actuarial (gain) loss | 300 | |
| (200 | ) | ||
Plan amendments | (2 | ) |
| - | | ||
Retiree drug subsidy | 8 | |
| 6 | | ||
Balance at end of year | 1,986 | |
| 1,682 | | ||
Change in plan assets |
|
|
| ||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 901 | |
| 821 | | ||
Actual return on plan assets | 54 | |
| 129 | | ||
Employer contributions | 39 | |
| 39 | | ||
Benefits paid | (94 | ) |
| (88 | ) | ||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 900 | |
| 901 | | ||
Accrued liability | $ | (1,086 | ) |
| $ | (781 | ) |
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
| 2014 |
| 2013 | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Other regulatory assets, deferred | $ | 387 | |
| $ | 109 | |
Other current liabilities | (4 | ) |
| (4 | ) | ||
Employee benefit obligations | (1,082 | ) |
| (777 | ) | ||
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred | (21 | ) |
| (36 | ) | ||
Accumulated OCI | 8 | |
| 1 | |
II-68
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2014 and 2013 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2015 .
| Prior Service Cost |
| Net (Gain) Loss | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2014: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | - | |
| $ | 8 | |
Net regulatory assets (liabilities) | 2 | |
| 364 | | ||
Total | $ | 2 | |
| $ | 372 | |
Balance at December 31, 2013: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | - | |
| $ | 1 | |
Net regulatory assets (liabilities) | 9 | |
| 64 | | ||
Total | $ | 9 | |
| $ | 65 | |
Estimated amortization as net periodic postretirement benefit cost in 2015: |
|
|
| ||||
Accumulated OCI | $ | - | |
| $ | - | |
Net regulatory assets (liabilities) | 4 | |
| 17 | | ||
Total | $ | 4 | |
| $ | 17 | |
The components of OCI, along with the changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities), related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are presented in the following table:
| Accumulated OCI |
| Net Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 7 | |
| $ | 360 | |
Net loss | (6 | ) |
| (266 | ) | ||
Reclassification adjustments: |
|
|
| ||||
Amortization of transition obligation | - | |
| (5 | ) | ||
Amortization of prior service costs | - | |
| (4 | ) | ||
Amortization of net gain (loss) | - | |
| (12 | ) | ||
Total reclassification adjustments | - | |
| (21 | ) | ||
Total change | (6 | ) |
| (287 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 1 | |
| $ | 73 | |
Net gain | 7 | |
| 301 | | ||
Change in prior service costs | - | |
| (2 | ) | ||
Reclassification adjustments: |
|
|
| ||||
Amortization of prior service costs | - | |
| (4 | ) | ||
Amortization of net gain (loss) | - | |
| (2 | ) | ||
Total reclassification adjustments | - | |
| (6 | ) | ||
Total change | 7 | |
| 293 | | ||
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 8 | |
| $ | 366 | |
II-69
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
| 2014 |
| 2013 |
| 2012 | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 21 | |
| $ | 24 | |
| $ | 21 | |
Interest cost | 79 | |
| 74 | |
| 85 | | |||
Expected return on plan assets | (59 | ) |
| (56 | ) |
| (60 | ) | |||
Net amortization | 6 | |
| 21 | |
| 20 | | |||
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost | $ | 47 | |
| $ | 63 | |
| $ | 66 | |
Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
| Benefit Payments |
| Subsidy Receipts |
| Total | ||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
2015 | $ | 118 | |
| $ | (10 | ) |
| $ | 108 | |
2016 | 124 | |
| (11 | ) |
| 113 | | |||
2017 | 129 | |
| (12 | ) |
| 117 | | |||
2018 | 132 | |
| (13 | ) |
| 119 | | |||
2019 | 134 | |
| (15 | ) |
| 119 | | |||
2020 to 2024 | 670 | |
| (79 | ) |
| 591 | |
Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code). The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
II-70
Table of Contents Index to Financial Statements
NOTES (continued)
Southern Company and Subsidiary Companies 2014 Annual Report
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 , along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
| Target |
| 2014 |
| 2013 | |||
Pension plan assets: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Domestic equity | 26 | % |
| 30 | % |
| 31 | % |
International equity | 25 | |
| 23 | |
| 25 | |
Fixed income | 23 | |
| 27 | |
| 23 | |
Special situations | 3 | |
| 1 | |
| 1 | |
Real estate investments | 14 | |
| 14 | |
| 14 | |
Private equity | 9 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
Total | 100 | % |
| 100 | % |
| 100 | % |
Other postretirement benefit plan assets: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Domestic equity | 42 | % |
| 41 | % |
| 40 | % |
International equity | 21 | |
| 23 | |
| 25 | |
Domestic fixed income | 24 | |
| 26 | |
| 24 | |
Global fixed income | 4 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | |
Special situations | 1 | |
| - | |
| - | |
Real estate investments | 5 | |
| 5 | |
| 5 | |
Private equity | 3 | |
| 2 | |
| 2 | |
Total | 100 | % |
| 100 | % |
| 100 | % |
The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
• | Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches. |
• | International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches. |
• | Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds. |
• | Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's |