________________________________________________

 ________________________________________________

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2017

For the transition period from            to            

Commission File Number 1-33913

 ________________________________________________

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1800 West Loop South, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77027

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 961-4600

 ________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

1. Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Quanex Building Products Corporation is a component supplier to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the building products industry. These components can be categorized as window and door (fenestration) components and kitchen and bath cabinet components. Examples of fenestration components include: (1) energy-efficient flexible insulating glass spacers, (2) extruded vinyl profiles, (3) window and door screens, and (4) precision-formed metal and wood products. We also manufacture cabinet doors and other components for OEMs in the kitchen and bathroom cabinet industry. In addition, we provide certain other non-fenestration components and products, which include solar panel sealants, wood flooring, trim moldings, vinyl decking, fencing, water retention barriers, and conservatory roof components. We have organized our business into three reportable operating segments. For additional discussion of our reportable operating segments, see Note 14, "Segment Information." We use low-cost, short lead-time production processes and engineering expertise to provide our customers with specialized products for their specific window, door, and cabinet applications. We believe these capabilities provide us with unique competitive advantages. We serve a primary customer base in North America and the United Kingdom, and also serve customers in international markets through our operating plants in the United Kingdom and Germany, as well as through sales and marketing efforts in other countries.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to "Quanex", the "Company", "we", "us" and "our" refer to the consolidated business operations of Quanex Building Products Corporation and its subsidiaries.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Quanex Building Products Corporation. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These financial statements have been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial information, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 . In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements contain all adjustments (which consist of normal recurring adjustments, except as disclosed herein) necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or for any future periods.

In preparing financial statements, we make informed judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We review our estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to impairment of long lived assets and goodwill, contingencies and income taxes. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates and actual results may differ from these estimates.

Restructuring

We accrue one-time severance costs pursuant to an approved plan of restructuring at the communication date, when affected employees have been notified of the potential severance and sufficient information has been provided for the employee to calculate severance benefits, in the event the employee is involuntarily terminated. In addition, we accrue costs associated with the termination of contractual commitments including operating leases at the time the lease is terminated pursuant to the lease provisions or in accordance with another agreement with the landlord. Otherwise, we continue to recognize operating lease expense through the cease-use date. After the cease-use date, we determine if our operating lease payments are at market. We assume sublet of the facility at the market rate. To the extent our lease obligations exceed the fair value rentals, we discount to arrive at the present value and record a liability. If the facility is not sublet, we expense the amount of the rental in the current period. For other costs directly related to the restructuring effort, such as equipment moving costs, we expense in the period incurred.

In October 2016, we announced the closure of three operating plants, two related to our United States vinyl operations, and one related to our kitchen and bathroom cabinet door business in Mexico. We expensed $1.1 million and $0.5 million pursuant to these restructuring efforts during the three-month period ended January 31, 2017 and the year ended October 31, 2016, respectively. Our facility lease obligations were deemed to be at fair market value and we have not yet negotiated exit from these lease obligations. We expect to continue to incur costs related to equipment moves, potential fixed asset retirements and inventory adjustments related to these restructuring efforts during fiscal 2017.

In addition, we evaluated the remaining depreciable lives of property, plant and equipment that will be abandoned or otherwise disposed as of the cease-use date of these plants. In October 2016, we recorded a change in estimate associated with the remaining useful lives of these assets which resulted in an increase in depreciation expense of $1.6 million for the three months

ended January 31, 2017 and $1.0 million for the year ended October 31, 2016. We continue to evaluate our property, plant and equipment with regard to these restructuring efforts and are determining the best use of this equipment within our business. We may incur additional accelerated depreciation or gains or losses on asset disposals as management concludes this analysis. Concurrently, we evaluated the remaining service lives of intangible assets with defined lives associated with our United States vinyl extrusion business and recorded a change in estimate associated with the remaining useful lives of a customer relationship intangible and a utility process intangible asset resulting in an increase in amortization expense of $0.9 million for the three months ended January 31, 2017 and $0.3 million for the year ended October 31, 2016, and we expect to incur incremental amortization expense totaling $1.0 million associated with these intangible assets during the remainder of fiscal 2017.

2. Acquisitions

Woodcraft

On November 2, 2015, we completed a merger of QWMS, Inc., a Delaware corporation which was a newly-formed and wholly-owned Quanex subsidiary, and WII Holding, Inc. (WII), a Delaware corporation. Upon satisfaction or waiver of conditions set forth in the merger agreement, QWMS, Inc. merged with and into WII, and WII became our wholly-owned subsidiary, and, as a result, we acquired all the subsidiaries of WII (referred to collectively as Woodcraft). Woodcraft is a manufacturer of cabinet doors and other components to OEMs in the kitchen and bathroom cabinet industry. Woodcraft operates 12 plants within the United States. We paid $245.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired and including certain holdbacks with regard to potential indemnity claims, and received less than $0.1 million from the sellers as a working capital true-up, resulting in goodwill totaling $113.7 million. For the period from the date of acquisition, November 2, 2015 through January 31, 2016, our consolidated operating results included revenues of $48.5 million and a net loss of $0.3 million , respectively, associated with Woodcraft. We recorded a charge of $0.6 million related to restructuring efforts at Woodcraft for the three months ended January 31, 2017. See Note 1, "Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation - Restructuring." We believe this acquisition expanded our business into a new segment of the building products industry, which is experiencing favorable growth and which is less susceptible to the impact of seasonality due to inclement weather.

The Woodcraft purchase price is summarized in the table below.

We used recognized valuation techniques to determine the fair value of the assets and liabilities, including the income approach for customer relationships, with a discount rate that reflects the risk of the expected future cash flows. Intangible assets related to the Woodcraft acquisition included $62.8 million of customer relationships and other intangibles of less than $0.1 million , with original estimated useful lives of 12 years and 1 year, respectively. These intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill balance is not deductible for tax purposes. Woodcraft is allocated entirely to our North American Cabinet Components reportable operating segment.

HLP

As more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2016, we acquired the outstanding ownership shares of an extruder of vinyl lineal products and manufacturer of other plastic products incorporated and registered in England and Wales ("HLP") on June 15, 2015. The purchase agreement contained an earn-out provision which is calculated as a percentage of earnings before interest, tax and depreciation and amortization for a specified period, as defined in the purchase agreement. Pursuant to this earn-out provision, the former owner could select a base year upon which to calculate the earn-out (one of the next three succeeding twelve-month periods ended July 31). In August 2016, the former owner selected the twelve-month period ended July 31, 2016 as the measurement period for the earn-out calculation. On November 7, 2016, we paid $8.5 million to settle the earn-out, which included a foreign currency adjustment of $0.1 million . We have included this earn-out payment under the caption "Acquisitions, net of cash acquired" in the accompanying cash flow statement for the three months ending January 31, 2017.

We assumed operating leases associated with the HLP acquisition for which our lessors are entities that were either wholly-owned subsidiaries or affiliates of HLP prior to the acquisition, and in which a former owner, who is now our employee, has an ownership interest. These leases include our primary operating facilities, a finished goods warehouse and a mixing plant. The lease for the manufacturing plant has a 20 -year term which began in 2007, the lease for the warehouse has a 15 -year term which began in 2012, and the lease for the mixing plant has a 13.5 -year term which began in 2013. We have recorded rent expense pursuant to these agreements of approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016. Commitments under these lease arrangements are included in our operating lease commitments as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2016.

3. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following at January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 :

Fixed costs related to excess manufacturing capacity, if any, have been expensed in the period they were incurred and, therefore, are not capitalized into inventory.

Our inventories at January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 were valued using the following costing methods:

During interim periods, we estimate a LIFO reserve based on our expectations of year-end inventory levels and costs. If our calculations indicate that an adjustment at year-end will be required, we may record a proportionate share of this amount during the period. At year-end, we calculate the actual LIFO reserve and record an adjustment for the difference between the annual calculation and any estimates recognized during the interim periods.  Because the interim projections are subject to many factors beyond our control, the results could differ significantly from the year-end LIFO calculation. We recorded no interim LIFO reserve adjustment for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 .     

For inventories valued under the LIFO method, replacement cost exceeded the LIFO value by approximately $1.1 million at January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 .

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended January 31, 2017 was as follows:

During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016 , we evaluated our goodwill balances for indicators of impairment and performed our annual goodwill impairment test to determine the recoverability of these assets. At our annual testing date, August 31, 2016, we had six reportable units with goodwill balances. Three of these units were included in our NA Engineered Components segment, two units were included in our EU Engineered Components segment, and our NA Cabinet Components segment had one unit. One reporting unit included in our NA Engineered Components segment, our United States vinyl extrusion business, recorded an impairment charge of $12.6 million, or 100% of the remaining goodwill for this unit, as more fully described at Note 1, "Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Long-Lived Assets - Goodwill" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2016.

Identifiable Intangible Assets

Amortizable intangible assets consisted of the following as of January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 :

In October 2016, we recorded a change in estimate with regard to the remaining service lives of certain intangible assets and recorded incremental amortization expense of $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the year ended October 31, 2016 and the three months ended January 31, 2017, respectively. See additional disclosure at Note 1, "Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Restructuring."

For the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , we had aggregate amortization expense related to intangible assets of $5.4 million and $3.2 million , respectively.

Estimated remaining amortization expense, assuming current intangible balances and no new acquisitions, for each of the fiscal years ending October 31, is as follows (in thousands):

5. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Debt consisted of the following at January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 :

As described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2016, on July 29, 2016, we refinanced and retired our prior credit facilities and entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement comprised of a $150.0 million Term Loan A and a $300.0 million revolving credit facility (collectively, the "Credit Agreement"), with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent, Swingline Lender and Issuing Lender, and Bank of America, N.A. serving as Syndication Agent. The Credit Agreement has a five-year term, maturing on July 29, 2021, and requires interest payments calculated, at our election and depending upon our Consolidated Leverage Ratio, at either a Base Rate plus an applicable margin or the LIBOR Rate plus an applicable margin. At the time of the initial borrowing, the applicable rate was LIBOR + 2.00% . In addition, we are subject to commitment fees for the unused portion of the Credit Agreement.

The applicable margin and commitment fees are outlined in the following table:

In the event of default, outstanding borrowings would accrue interest at the Default Rate, as defined, whereby the obligations will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to 2% above the total per annum rate otherwise applicable.

The term loan portion of the Credit Agreement requires quarterly principal payments on the last business day of each fiscal quarter in accordance with a stated repayment schedule. Required aggregate principal repayments total $11.3 million for the

succeeding twelve-month period, and are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet under the caption "Current Maturities of Long-term Debt." No stated principal payments are required under the revolving credit portion of the Credit Agreement, except upon maturity. If our Consolidated Leverage Ratio is less than 2.25 to 1.00, then we are required to make mandatory prepayments of "excess cash flow" as defined in the agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains a: (1) Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement whereby we must not permit the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, as defined, to be less than 1.10 to 1.00, and (2) Consolidated Leverage Ratio requirement, as summarized by period in the following table:

In addition to maintaining these financial covenants, the Credit Agreement also limits our ability to enter into certain business transactions, such as to incur indebtedness or liens, to acquire businesses or dispose of material assets, make restricted payments, pay dividends (limited to $10.0 million per year) and other transactions as further defined in the Credit Agreement. Substantially all of our domestic assets, with the exception of real property, are utilized as collateral for the Credit Agreement.

As of January 31, 2017 , we had $271.3 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement (reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $2.5 million ), $5.8 million of outstanding letters of credit and $3.7 million outstanding under capital leases and other debt vehicles. We had $169.2 million available for use under the Credit Agreement at January 31, 2017. These borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at 2.8% per annum. Our weighted average borrowing rate for borrowings outstanding during the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 was 2.65% and 6.02% , respectively. We were in compliance with our debt covenants as of January 31, 2017.

Other Debt Instruments

We maintain certain capital lease obligations related to equipment purchases. In conjunction with the acquisition of HLP, we assumed additional capital lease obligations of approximately $7.7 million . These capital lease obligations relate to equipment purchases and accrue interest at an average rate of 4.9% , and extend through the year 2020 . As of January 31, 2017 , our obligations under the HLP capital leases total $3.3 million , of which $1.6 million is classified as the current portion of long-term debt and $1.8 million is classified as long-term debt on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

6. Retirement Plans

Pension Plan

Our non-contributory, single employer defined benefit pension plan covers a majority of our employees in the United States excluding employees of recent acquisitions. Employees of acquired companies may be covered after a transitional period. The net periodic pension cost for this plan for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:

During 2016, we contributed $3.7 million to fund our plan, and we expect to make a contribution to our plan in September 2017 of approximately $3.9 million .

Other Plans

We also have a supplemental benefit plan covering certain executive officers and a non-qualified deferred compensation plan covering members of the Board of Directors and certain key employees. As of January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 , our liability under the supplemental benefit plan was approximately $2.8 million and $2.7 million , respectively, and the liability associated with the deferred compensation plan was approximately $3.7 million and $3.5 million , respectively. We record the current portion of liabilities associated with these plans under the caption "Accrued Liabilities," and the long-term portion under the caption "Other Liabilities" in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

7. Warranty Obligations

We accrue warranty obligations as we recognize revenue associated with certain products. We make provisions for our warranty obligations based upon historical experience of costs incurred for such obligations adjusted, as necessary, for current conditions and factors. There are significant uncertainties and judgments involved in estimating our warranty obligations, including changing product designs, differences in customer installation processes and future claims experience which may vary from historical claims experience. Therefore, the ultimate amount we incur as warranty costs in the near and long-term may not be consistent with our current estimate.

A reconciliation of the activity related to our accrued warranty, including both the current and long-term portions (reported in accrued liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet) follows:

8. Income Taxes

To determine our income tax expense for interim periods, consistent with accounting standards, we apply the estimated annual effective income tax rate to year-to-date results. Our estimated annual effective tax rates for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 were 30.2% and 34.0% , respectively. The 2016 effective rate was impacted by an additional discrete benefit item for the R&D credit which was made permanent in December 2015. Excluding this item, the effective tax rate would have been 32.0% .

The acquisition of Woodcraft in November 2015 established a net noncurrent deferred tax liability of $37.4 million primarily reflecting the book to tax basis difference in intangibles, fixed assets and inventory.

As of January 31, 2017 , our liability for uncertain tax positions (UTP) of $0.6 million relates to certain state tax items regarding the interpretation of tax laws and regulations. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The final outcome of the future tax consequences of legal proceedings, if any, as well as the outcome of competent authority proceedings, changes in regulatory tax laws, or interpretation of those tax laws could impact our financial statements. We are subject to the effect of these matters occurring in various jurisdictions. The disallowance of the UTP would not materially affect the annual effective tax rate. We do not believe any of the UTP at January 31, 2017 will be recognized within the next twelve months.

We evaluate the likelihood of realization of our deferred tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence. We believe there is no need for a valuation allowance of the federal net operating losses. We will continue to evaluate our position throughout the year. We maintain a valuation allowance for certain state net operating losses which totaled $1.3 million at January 31, 2017 .

9. Contingencies

Remediation and Environmental Compliance Costs

Under applicable state and federal laws, we may be responsible for, among other things, all or part of the costs required to remove or remediate wastes or hazardous substances at locations we, or our predecessors, have owned or operated. From time to time, we also have been alleged to be liable for all or part of the costs incurred to clean up third-party sites where there might have been an alleged improper disposal of hazardous substances. At present, we are not involved in any such matters.

From time to time, we incur routine expenses and capital expenditures associated with compliance with existing environmental regulations, including control of air emissions and water discharges, and plant decommissioning costs. We have not incurred any material expenses or capital expenditures related to environmental matters during the past three fiscal years, and do not expect to incur a material amount of such costs in fiscal 2017. While we will continue to have future expenditures related to environmental matters, any such amounts are impossible to reasonably estimate at this time. Based upon our experience to date, we do not believe that our compliance with environmental requirements will have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Spacer Migration

We were notified by certain customers through our German operation that the vapor barrier employed on certain spacer products manufactured prior to March 2014 may permit spacer migration in certain extreme circumstances. This product does not have a specific customer warranty, but we have received claims from customers related to this issue, which we continue to investigate. The balance of the accrual for this matter at October 31, 2016 and January 31, 2017 was $0.8 million , respectively. During the three months ended January 31, 2017 , we incurred additional claims of $0.4 million and settled $0.4 million of claims. We cannot estimate any future liability with regard to unasserted claims. We evaluate this reserve at each balance sheet date. We investigate any claims, but we are not obligated to honor any future claims.

Litigation

From time to time, we, along with our subsidiaries, are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of our business, including those arising from or related to contractual matters, commercial disputes, intellectual property, personal injury, environmental matters, product performance or warranties, product liability, insurance coverage and personnel and employment disputes. We regularly review the status of all on-going proceedings with legal counsel and maintain insurance against these risks to the extent deemed prudent by our management and to the extent insurance is available. Given our defenses and existing insurance coverage, we believe that the ultimate disposition of our pending litigation matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on us. However, there is no assurance that we will prevail in these matters, and we could, in the future, incur judgments, enter into settlements of claims or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of matters we face, which could materially impact our results of operations. For example, we are currently party to litigation incidental to our business relating to alleged defects in a sealant product manufactured and sold by one of our subsidiaries during the 2000s. One such claim is currently scheduled for a trial beginning in March 2017, and the plaintiff in that case is seeking a substantial amount in monetary damages from us and four other co-defendants. Related claims are expected to follow. While we strongly believe that our product was not defective and that we will prevail in this and related claims, the ultimate resolution and impact of the litigation is not presently determinable. Nevertheless, after taking into account all currently available information, advice of counsel, and our existing insurance coverage, we believe that the eventual outcome of this litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, and we have not recorded any accrual with regard to claims associated with this litigation.

10. Derivative Instruments

Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction, and control of the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer. Certain transactions in excess of specified levels require further approval from the Board of Directors.

The nature of our business activities requires the management of various financial and market risks, including those related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We have historically used foreign currency forwards and options to mitigate or eliminate certain of those risks at our subsidiaries. We use foreign currency contracts to offset fluctuations in the value of accounts receivable and accounts payable balances that are denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar, including the Euro, British Pound and Canadian Dollar. Currently, we do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to our derivative transactions. We attempt to mitigate this risk by monitoring the creditworthiness of our counterparties and limiting our exposure to individual counterparties.

In addition, we have established master netting agreements in certain cases to facilitate the settlement of gains and losses on specific derivative contracts.

We have not designated any of our derivative contracts as hedges for accounting purposes in accordance with the provisions under the Accounting Standards Codification Topic 815 "Derivatives and Hedging " (ASC 815). Therefore, changes in the fair value of these contracts and the realized gains and losses are recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows (in thousands):

We have chosen not to offset any of our derivative instruments in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815. Therefore, the assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Less than $0.1 million of fair value related to foreign currency derivatives was included in prepaid and other current assets as of January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016, and less than $0.1 million of fair value related to foreign currency derivatives was included in accrued liabilities as of January 31, 2017 .

The following table summarizes the notional amounts and fair value of outstanding derivative contracts at January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 (in thousands):

For the classification in the fair value hierarchy, see Note 11, "Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities", included herewith.

11. Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity's own assumptions about market data developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to Level 1 and the lowest priority to Level 3. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis per the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

All of our derivative contracts are valued using quoted market prices from brokers or exchanges and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Contingent consideration of $8.4 million associated with the HLP acquisition was included above as an October 31, 2016 Level 3 measurement (see Note 2, "Acquisitions"). This contingent consideration was settled in November 2016, resulting in a foreign exchange loss of $0.1 million .

We have recorded land totaling approximately $2.4 million at fair value on a non-recurring basis which is classified as Level 3 as of January 31, 2017 and October 31, 2016 . The fair value was based on broker opinions.

Carrying amounts reported on the balance sheet for cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Our outstanding debt is variable rate debt that re-prices frequently, thereby limiting our exposure to significant change in interest rate risk. As a result, the fair value of our debt instruments approximates carrying value at January 31, 2017 , and October 31, 2016 (Level 3 measurement).

12. Stock-Based Compensation

We have established and maintain an Omnibus Incentive Plan (2008 Plan) that provides for the granting of restricted stock awards, stock options, restricted stock units, performance share awards and other stock-based and cash-based awards. The 2008 Plan is administered by the Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors.

The aggregate number of shares of common stock originally authorized for grant under the 2008 Plan was 2,900,000 . In February 2011 and February 2014, shareholders approved an increase of the aggregate shares available for grant by 2,400,000 shares and 2,350,000 shares, respectively. Any officer, key employee and/or non-employee director is eligible for awards under the 2008 Plan. Historically, our practice has been to grant stock options and restricted stock units to non-employee directors on the last business day of each fiscal year, with an additional grant of options to each director on the date of his or her first anniversary of service. In May 2015, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors changed the annual grant to our directors to a grant of restricted stock units on the first day of the new fiscal year, November 1, eliminating the grant of stock options to the directors. Once approved by the Compensation & Management Development Committee of our Board of Directors in December, we grant stock options, restricted stock awards, and/or performance shares to officers, management and key employees. Occasionally, we may make additional grants to key employees at other times during the year.

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock awards are granted to key employees and officers annually, and typically cliff vest over a three -year period with service and continued employment as the only vesting criteria. The recipient of the restricted stock awards is entitled to all of the rights of a shareholder, except that the awards are nontransferable during the vesting period. The fair value of the restricted stock award is established on the grant date and then expensed over the vesting period resulting in an increase in additional paid-in-capital. Shares are generally issued from treasury stock at the time of grant.

A summary of non-vested restricted stock awards activity during the three months ended January 31, 2017 is presented below:

The total weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during each of the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.2 million and $0.5 million , respectively. As of January 31, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to unamortized restricted stock awards was $3.5 million . We expect to recognize this expense over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.2 years .

Stock Options

Historically, stock options have been awarded to key employees, officers and non-employee directors. Effective May 2015, the director compensation structure was revised to eliminate the annual grant of stock options to non-employee directors. Officer stock options typically vest ratably over a three -year period with service and continued employment as the vesting conditions. Our stock options may be exercised up to a maximum of ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of the stock options is determined on the grant date and expensed over the vesting period resulting in an increase in additional paid-in-capital. For employees who are nearing retirement-eligibility, we recognize stock option expense ratably over the shorter of the vesting period or the period from the grant-date to the retirement-eligibility date.

We use a Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. A description of the methodology for the valuation assumptions was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 .

The following table provides a summary of assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our stock options issued during the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 .

The following table summarizes our stock option activity for the three months ended January 31, 2017 :

Intrinsic value is the amount by which the market price of the common stock on the date of exercise exceeds the exercise price of the stock option. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.5 million and $0.8 million . The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.8 million and $1.9 million , respectively. As of January 31, 2017 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $1.3 million . We expect to recognize this expense over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.2 years .

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units may be awarded to key employees and officers from time to time, and annually to non-employee directors. The non-employee director restricted stock units vest immediately but are payable only upon the director's cessation of service unless an election is made by the non-employee director to settle and pay the award on an earlier specified date. Restricted stock units awarded to employees and officers typically cliff vest after a three -year period with service and continued employment as the vesting conditions. Restricted stock units are not considered outstanding shares and do not have voting rights, although the holder does receive a cash payment equivalent to the dividend paid, on a one-for-one basis, on our outstanding common shares. Once the criteria is met, each restricted stock unit is payable to the holder in cash based on the market value of one share of our common stock. Accordingly, we record a liability for the restricted stock units on our balance sheet and recognize any changes in the market value during each reporting period as compensation expense.

As of January 31, 2017 , there were no non-vested restricted stock units. During the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , directors received 24,560 and 20,445 restricted stock units, respectively, at a grant date fair value of $15.65 and $19.56 , respectively, which vested immediately. During the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were no payments to settle restricted stock units.

Performance Share Awards

We have awarded annual grants of performance shares to key employees and officers. These awards cliff vest after a three -year period with service and performance measures (relative total shareholder return and earnings per share growth) as vesting conditions. However, the number of shares earned is variable depending on the metrics achieved, and the settlement method is 50% in cash and 50% in our common stock.

To account for these awards, we have bifurcated the portion subject to a market condition (relative total shareholder return) and the portion subject to an internal performance measure (earnings per share growth). We have further bifurcated these awards based on the settlement method, as the portion expected to settle in stock (equity component) and the portion expected to settle in cash (liability component).

To value the shares subject to the market condition, we utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to arrive at a grant-date fair value. This amount will be expensed over the three-year term of the award with a credit to additional paid-in-capital. To value the shares subject to the internal performance measure, we used the value of our common stock on the date of grant as the grant-date fair value per share. This amount is being expensed over the three -year term of the award, with a credit to additional paid-in-capital, and could fluctuate depending on the number of shares ultimately expected to vest based on our assessment of the probability that the performance conditions will be achieved. For both performance conditions, the portion of the award expected to settle in cash is recorded as a liability and is being marked to market over the three -year term of the award, and can fluctuate

depending on the number of shares ultimately expected to vest, the change in valuation of the Monte Carlo simulation over the vesting period, and the underlying price of our common stock.

We granted performance shares as follows: November 2016 - 186,500 shares, January 2016 - 4,300 shares, December 2015 - 158,100 shares, December 2014 - 137,400 shares and December 2013 - 155,800 shares. Depending on the achievement of the performance conditions, 0% to 200% of the awarded performance shares may ultimately vest. As of January 31, 2017, 9,100 of the performance shares granted in 2015 were forfeited, and 12,100 of the performance shares granted in 2014 were forfeited. On December 5, 2016, 135,100 shares vested pursuant to the December 2013 grant, resulting in the issuance of 67,550 shares of common stock and a cash payment of $1.2 million . The November 2016 grant includes a return on invested capital (ROIC) metric which, if achieved, could enhance the number of shares that are ultimately issued but cannot exceed the maximum (200%). Due to the uncertainty with regard to achieving this metric, no value has been assigned. In the event and at such time the metric is deemed achievable, compensation expense will begin to be recognized through the remaining vesting period. For the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , we have recorded $1.0 million and $0.5 million , respectively, of compensation expense related to our performance share awards.

Performance share awards are not considered outstanding shares and do not have voting rights, although dividends are accrued over the performance period and will be payable in cash based upon the number of performance shares ultimately earned.

The performance shares are excluded from the diluted weighted-average shares used to calculate earnings per share until the performance criteria is probable to result in the issuance of contingent shares. As of January 31, 2017 , we have deemed 62,650 shares related to the December 2014 grant of performance shares as probable to be issued. The value of the equivalent number of shares is expected to be paid in cash when settled, along with accrued dividends thereon.

Treasury Shares

We record treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. Shares are generally issued from treasury stock at the time of grant of restricted stock awards, and upon the exercise of stock options and upon the issuance of performance shares. On the subsequent issuance of treasury shares, we record proceeds in excess of cost as an increase in additional paid in capital. A deficiency of such proceeds relative to costs would be applied to reduce paid-in-capital associated with prior issuances to the extent available, with the remainder recorded as a charge to retained earnings. We recorded a charge to retained earnings of $0.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2017 .

The following table summarizes the treasury stock activity during the three months ended January 31, 2017 :

13. Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) included under the caption "Other, net" on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income (loss), consisted of the following for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 :

14. Segment Information

We present three reportable business segments in accordance with Topic 280-10-50, "Segment Reporting" (ASC 280): (1) North American Engineered Components segment ("NA Engineered Components"), comprised of four operating segments primarily focused on the fenestration market in North America including vinyl profiles, insulating glass (IG) spacers, screens & other fenestration components; (2) European Engineered Components segment ("EU Engineered Components"), comprised of our United Kingdom-based vinyl extrusion business, manufacturing vinyl profiles & conservatories, and the European insulating glass business manufacturing IG spacers; and (3) North American Cabinet Components segment ("NA Cabinet Components"), comprised solely of the North American cabinet door and components business acquired in November 2015. We maintain an Unallocated Corporate & Other grouping which includes LIFO inventory adjustments, corporate office charges, and inter-segment eliminations, less an allocation of a portion of the general and administrative costs associated with the corporate office which have been allocated to the reportable business segments, based upon a relative measure of profitability, in order to more accurately reflect each reportable business segment's administrative cost. Certain costs are not allocated to the reportable operating segments, but remain in Unallocated Corporate & Other, including transaction expenses, stock-based compensation, long-term incentive awards based on the performance of our common stock and other factors, certain severance and legal costs not deemed to be allocable to all segments, depreciation of corporate assets, interest expense, other, net, income taxes and inter-segment eliminations. The accounting policies of our operating segments are the same as those used to prepare the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes corporate general and administrative expense allocated during the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 :

(1) Amounts allocated to reportable segments for the three months ended January 31, 2016 include severance costs, which were not previously allocated when these results were presented during 2016. The impact was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million , 55% of which was attributable to NA Engineered Components, 20% attributable to EU Engineered Components, and 25% attributable to NA Cabinet Components. As a result, operating income (loss) by segment, as included below, reflects this change.

ASC Topic 280-10-50, " Segment Reporting " (ASC 280) permits aggregation of operating segments based on factors including, but not limited to: (1) similar nature of products serving the building products industry, primarily the fenestration business; (2) similar production processes, although there are some differences in the amount of automation amongst operating plants; (3) similar types or classes of customers, namely the primary OEMs; (4) similar distribution methods for product delivery, although the extent of the use of third-party distributors will vary amongst the businesses; (5) similar regulatory environment; and (6) converging long-term economic similarities.

The following table summarizes the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the three months ended January 31, 2017 (in thousands):

For further details of Goodwill, see Note 4, "Goodwill & Intangible Assets", located herewith.

We did not allocate non-operating income (expense) or income tax expense to the reportable segments. The following table reconciles operating income (loss) as reported above to net loss for the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016:

Product Sales

We produce a wide variety of products that are used in the fenestration industry, including: window and door systems; accessory trim profiles with real wood veneers and wood grain laminate finishes; window spacer systems; extruded vinyl products; metal fabrication; and astragals, thresholds and screens. In addition, we produce certain non-fenestration products, including kitchen and bath cabinet doors and components, flooring and trim moldings, solar edge tape, plastic decking, fencing, water retention barriers, conservatory roof components, and other products.

The following table summarizes our product sales for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 into general groupings by segment to provide additional information to our shareholders.

15. Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common and potential common shares include the weighted average of additional shares associated with the incremental effect of dilutive employee stock options, non-vested restricted stock as determined using the treasury stock method prescribed by U.S. GAAP and contingent shares associated with performance share awards, if dilutive.

Basic and diluted loss per share was $0.11 and $0.21 for the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes outstanding stock options and other common stock equivalents when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. This is always the case when an entity incurs a net loss. During the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , 420,603 and 326,897 shares of common stock equivalents, respectively, and 121,857 and 166,343 shares of restricted stock, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. In addition, 62,650 and 67,550 potentially dilutive contingent shares related to performance share awards for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, were excluded.

For the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , we had 1,033,246 and 960,672 common stock equivalents, respectively, that were potentially dilutive in future earnings per share calculations. Such dilution will be dependent on the excess of the market price of our stock over the exercise price and other components of the treasury stock method.

16. New Accounting Guidance Adopted

In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The amendment requires recognition of adjustments to estimated amounts identified during the measurement period in the reporting period that the adjustments are determined. The guidance requires the acquirer to record, in the same period's financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the estimated amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The guidance also requires an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the estimated amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. We adopted this guidance prospectively as of November 1, 2016 with no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , which requires management to evaluate whether conditions exist which raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the financial statements (or within one year of when the financial statements are available to be issued). If such conditions exist, disclosure is required of: (1) the principal conditions; (2) management's evaluation of the significance of the conditions on the entity's ability to meet obligations; and (3) management's plans to alleviate this substantial doubt related to the ability to continue as a going concern. If management's plans do not alleviate this substantial doubt, management must specifically disclose that there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the financial statements (or the date the financial statements are available to be issued), in addition to the disclosure noted above. We adopted this guidance as of November 1, 2016 with no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period.  This amendment requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition that affects vesting or as a nonvesting condition that affects the grant-date fair value of an award, and provides explicit guidance for those awards. This guidance became effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2015.  We adopted this guidance as of November 1, 2016 with no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to "Quanex", the "Company", "we", "us" and "our" refer to the consolidated business operations of Quanex Building Products Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements contained in this document and in documents incorporated by reference herein, including those made under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" are "forward-looking" statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Generally, the words "expect," "believe," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "will" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. Forward looking statements are (1) all statements which address future operating performance, (2) events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to volume, sales, operating income and earnings per share, and (3) statements expressing general outlook about future operating results. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our current projections or expectations. As and when made, we believe that these forward-looking statements are reasonable. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements since such statements speak only as of the date when made and there can be no assurance that such forward-looking statements will occur. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following:

For information on additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, please refer to the section entitled "Item 1A. Risk Factors " in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 .

About Third-Party Information

In this report, we rely on and refer to information regarding industry data obtained from market research, publicly available information, industry publications, United States government sources and other third parties. Although we believe this information is reliable, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information and have not independently verified it.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes as of January 31, 2017 , and for the three -month periods ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 , included elsewhere herein. For additional information pertaining to our business, including risk factors which should be considered before investing in our common stock, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 .

Our Business

We manufacture components for original equipment manufacturers in the building products industry. These components can be categorized as window and door (fenestration) components and kitchen and bath cabinet components. Examples of fenestration components include (1) energy-efficient flexible insulating glass spacers, (2) extruded vinyl profiles, (3) window and door screens, and (4) precision-formed metal and wood products. We also manufacture cabinet doors and other components for OEMs in the kitchen and bathroom cabinet industry. In addition, we provide certain other non-fenestration components and products, which include solar panel sealants, wood flooring, trim moldings, vinyl decking, fencing, water retention barriers, and conservatory roof components. We use low-cost, short lead-time production processes and engineering expertise to provide our customers with specialized products for their specific window, door, and cabinet applications. We believe these capabilities provide us with unique competitive advantages. We serve a primary customer base in North America and the United Kingdom, and also serve customers in international markets through our operating plants in the United Kingdom and Germany, as well as through sales and marketing efforts in other countries.

We continue to invest in organic growth initiatives and intend to continue to pursue business acquisitions that allow us to expand our existing fenestration and cabinet component footprint, enhance our product offerings, provide new complementary technology, enhance our leadership position within the markets we serve, and expand into new markets or service lines. We have disposed of non-core businesses in the past, and continue to evaluate our business portfolio to ensure that we are investing in markets where we believe there is potential future growth.

We currently have three reportable business segments: (1) North American Engineered Components segment ("NA Engineered Components"), comprised of four operating segments primarily focused on the fenestration market in North America manufacturing vinyl profiles, IG spacers, screens & other fenestration components; (2) European Engineered Components segment ("EU Engineered Components"), comprised of our United Kingdom-based vinyl extrusion business, manufacturing vinyl profiles and conservatories, and the European insulating glass business manufacturing IG spacers; and (3) North American Cabinet Components segment ("NA Cabinet Components"), comprised solely of the North American cabinet door and components business acquired in November 2015. We maintain the grouping called Unallocated Corporate & Other for certain administrative costs, but a portion of the general and administrative costs associated with the corporate office have been allocated to the reportable business segments, based upon a relative measure of profitability in order to more accurately reflect each reportable business segment's administrative costs. Certain costs were not allocated and remain in Unallocated Corporate & Other, including transaction expenses, stock-based compensation, long-term incentive awards based on the performance of our common stock and other factors, certain severance and legal costs not deemed to be allocable to all segments, depreciation of corporate assets, interest expense, other, net, income taxes and inter-segment eliminations. The accounting policies of our operating segments are the same as those used to prepare our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Transactions and Events

On November 2, 2015, we acquired Woodcraft, a manufacturer of cabinet doors and other components to OEMs in the kitchen and bathroom cabinet industry. We paid $245.9 million in cash, resulting in goodwill totaling $113.7 million. For additional details, see Note 2, "Acquisitions," to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere herein.

In an effort to focus on protecting margins and improving cash flows, we announced in December 2016 that we will stop manufacturing $50.0 million to $70.0 million of business, thereby reducing our sales volume with certain low-margin customers. We have further assessed the timing of this strategy and believe the range of business is now $65.0 million to $85.0 million. We have begun to see this decrease in sales volume impacting our operating results with regard to our United States vinyl business and Woodcraft for the three months ended January 31, 2017. We have taken appropriate actions to rationalize capacity by closing two United States vinyl plants and one cabinet door plant in recent months and are relocating assets to improve overall operational efficiency.

We incurred restructuring charges of $0.5 million and $0.6 million at the United States vinyl business and Woodcraft, respectively, during the three months ended January 31, 2017, and expect to incur other charges during fiscal 2017, as further described at Note 1, "Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation - Restructuring," to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere herein.

Market Overview and Outlook

We believe the primary drivers of our operating results continue to be North American new home construction and residential remodeling and replacement (R&R) activity. We believe that housing starts and window shipments are indicators of activity levels in the homebuilding and window industries, and we use this data, as published by or derived from third-party sources, to evaluate the market. We have historically evaluated the market using data from the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) with regard to housing starts, and published reports by Ducker Worldwide, LLC (Ducker), a consulting and research firm, with regard to window shipments in the United States. To assess the housing market in the United Kingdom, we use published reports by D&G Consulting, a consulting and research firm. And, we obtain market data from Freedonia Group, a consulting and research firm, for insight into the United States residential cabinet demand.

Reports and forecasts from these sources indicate continued growth in the markets we serve. The NAHB has forecasted calendar-year housing starts (excluding manufactured units) to increase from 1.2 million units in 2016 and 2017 to 1.3 million units in 2018, reflecting increasing consumer confidence and a healthier economy. Ducker indicated that window shipments in the R&R market are expected to increase from 27.3 million units in 2016 to 28.2 million units in 2017 and 29.0 million units in 2018, and new construction window shipments are forecasted to increase at a higher pace. Derived from reports published by Ducker, the overall growth in window shipments for the trailing twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016 was 3.0%. During this period, growth in new construction increased 5.9%, while growth in R&R activity increased 0.8%. Growth in new construction continues to outpace the growth in R&R. D&G Consulting forecasts an increase in private housing in the United Kingdom through 2018, with a decline in public housing during this period, which should benefit HLP's primary customers. The Freedonia Group projects residential cabinet demand in the U.S. to grow at 6.9% annually through 2019.

We utilize several commodities in our business for which pricing can fluctuate, including polyvinyl resin (PVC), petroleum products, aluminum and wood. For the majority of our customers and critical suppliers, we have price adjusters in place which effectively share the base pass-through price changes for these commodities with our customers commensurate with the market at large. Our long-term exposure to these price fluctuations is somewhat mitigated due to the contractual component of the adjuster program. However, these adjusters are not in place with all customers, and there is a level of exposure to such volatility due to the lag associated with the timing of price updates in accordance with our customer agreements.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended January 31, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended January 31, 2016

Our period-over-period results by reportable segment follow.

Changes Related to Operating Income (Loss) by Reportable Segment:

NA Engineered Components