Lantronix Inc (LTRX) SEC Quarterly Report (10-Q) for Q1 2016

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

OR

For the transition period from _________ to ___________.

Commission file number: 1-16027 

LANTRONIX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

7535 Irvine Center Drive, Suite 100, Irvine, California

(Address of principal executive offices)

92618

(Zip Code)

(949) 453-3990

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

                    Not Applicable                    

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of April 22, 2016, there were 15,225,206 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

LANTRONIX, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED

March 31, 2016

INDEX

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016, or the Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report, or incorporated by reference into this Report, are forward-looking statements. Throughout this Report, we have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as "may," "believe," "will," "could," "project," "anticipate," "expect," "estimate," "should," "continue," "potential," "plan," "forecasts," "goal," "seek," "intend," other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof. In particular, this Report contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other things:

We have based our forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about trends affecting our business and industry and other future events. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our future business, financial condition, results of operations or performance, to differ materially from our historical results or those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement contained in this Report. Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements are described in "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, or the Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on August 21, 2015, as well as in the other filings we make with the SEC. In addition, actual results may differ as a result of additional risks and uncertainties of which we are currently unaware or which we do not currently view as material to our business.

You should read this Report in its entirety, together with the Form 10-K, the documents that we file as exhibits to this Report and the documents that we incorporate by reference into this Report, with the understanding that our future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. The forward-looking statements we make speak only as of the date on which they are made. We expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our opinions or expectations, except as required by applicable law or the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC. If we do update or correct any forward-looking statements, investors should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

LANTRONIX, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(1) Includes net revenue from related parties

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2016

The Company

Lantronix, Inc. (the "Company," "Lantronix," "we," "our," or "us") is a specialized networking company providing machine to machine ("M2M") and Internet of Things ("IoT") solutions. Our products deliver secure connectivity, device management and mobility for today's increasingly connected world. By networking and managing devices and machines that have never before been connected, we enable our customers to realize the possibilities of the IoT.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Lantronix have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on August 21, 2015. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal recurring accruals and adjustments that in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of Lantronix at March 31, 2016 and the consolidated results of our operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2016 and our consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2016. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. It should be understood that accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year-end. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future interim periods.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial information to conform to the current period presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standard which will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance under current U.S. GAAP. The new standard is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, among other things, companies will generally need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. The standard permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. In July 2015, FASB deferred the effective date of the standard by an additional year; however, it provided companies the option to adopt one year earlier, commensurate with the original effective date. Accordingly, the standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018, with an option to adopt the standard for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating this standard and have not yet selected a transition method or the effective date on which we plan to adopt the standard, nor have we determined the effect of the standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2014, FASB issued a new standard that will require management of an entity to assess, for each annual and interim period, if there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the financial statement issuance date. The definition of substantial doubt within the new standard incorporates a likelihood threshold of "probable" similar to the use of that term under current U.S. GAAP for loss contingencies. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. The standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, FASB issued final guidance simplifying the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The new guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. As a result, each jurisdiction will now only have one net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability. The guidance does not change the existing requirement that only permits offsetting within a jurisdiction – that is, companies are still prohibited from offsetting deferred tax liabilities from one jurisdiction against deferred tax assets of another jurisdiction. Lantronix elected to adopt this guidance as of the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015. We have retrospectively applied this guidance to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2015, which had the effect of increasing our working capital by $442,000 as compared to what was originally reported as of that date.

In February 2016, FASB issued an accounting standard that revises lease accounting guidance. The standard requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets, but recognize expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to the previous guidance. The standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, FASB issued guidance that changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Among other things, under the new guidance companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in-capital ("APIC"), but will instead record such items as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, and APIC pools will be eliminated. Companies will apply this guidance prospectively. Another component of the new guidance allows companies to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards, whereby forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur. If elected, the change to recognize forfeitures when they occur needs to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. All of the guidance will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value and consist of the following:

Other Liabilities

The following table presents details of our other liabilities:

Computation of Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period.

The following table presents the computation of net loss per share:

The following table presents the common stock equivalents excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation, because they were anti-dilutive for the periods presented. These excluded common stock equivalents could be dilutive in the future.

Facility Lease

The lease for our new corporate headquarters in Irvine, California, commenced in July 2015. The lease agreement provided for a tenant improvement allowance from the landlord of up to $243,000 for tenant improvements and other qualified expenses. In connection with this allowance, the landlord paid for approximately $190,000 in tenant improvements, and, in September 2015, reimbursed Lantronix for the remaining $53,000.

Separation Agreement with Former Chief Executive Officer

In December 2015, we entered into a separation and release agreement (the "Separation Agreement") with Kurt F. Busch, our former President and Chief Executive Officer. The Separation Agreement provided for (i) release of all claims by Mr. Busch in favor of Lantronix; (ii) a cash payment to Mr. Busch of $271,000, which was paid in January 2016; and (iii) the acceleration of vesting of 50,000 restricted stock units, for which we recorded a net $52,000 share-based compensation charge. Both the $271,000 cash payment and the share-based compensation charge were recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2015 and are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended March 31, 2016.

Restructuring

In February 2016, we initiated a strategic realignment plan to enable us to reallocate resources intended to optimize our sales and product development efforts. The realignment activities were substantially completed in the three months ended March 31, 2016, and consisted of severance, lease termination and other associated costs. These activities resulted in total charges of approximately $247,000, and are included in the applicable functional line items within the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2016. We expect all remaining obligations accrued as of March 31, 2016 to be substantially paid by June 30, 2016.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table presents non-cash investing and financing transactions excluded from the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

The warranty periods for our products generally range from one to five years. We establish reserves for estimated product warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized based upon our historical warranty experience, and additionally, for any known product warranty issues. Our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, use of materials or service delivery costs that differ from our estimates. As a result, increases or decreases to warranty reserves could be required, which could impact our gross margins.

The following table presents details of our warranty reserve:

On September 30, 2014, we entered into an amendment (the "Amendment") to our existing Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2006 (as amended, the "Loan Agreement") with Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB"). The Amendment provides, among other things, for (i) a renewal of our $4.0 million revolving line of credit with an extended maturity date of September 30, 2016 and (ii) a modification of the revolving credit line borrowing base formula to include a portion of our foreign accounts receivable to the borrowing base and increase the borrowing limit related to domestic accounts receivable.

The Loan Agreement provides for an interest rate per annum equal to the greater of the prime rate plus 0.75% or 4.0%, provided that we maintain a monthly quick ratio of 1.0 or greater. The quick ratio measures our ability to use our cash and cash equivalents maintained at SVB to extinguish or retire our current liabilities immediately. If this ratio is not met, the interest rate will become the greater of the prime rate plus 1.25% or 4.0%. At March 31, 2016, we did not meet the 1.0 or higher quick ratio. 

The Loan Agreement includes a covenant requiring us to maintain a certain Minimum Tangible Net Worth ("Minimum TNW"), which is currently required to be at least $6.0 million. This amount is subject to adjustment upward to the extent we raise additional equity or debt financing or achieve net income in future quarters. Our Actual Tangible Net Worth ("Actual TNW") is calculated as total stockholders' equity, less goodwill. If we continue to incur net losses, we may have difficulty satisfying the Minimum TNW financial covenant in the future, in which case we may be unable to borrow funds under the Loan Agreement and any amounts outstanding may need to be repaid immediately.

The following table sets forth the Minimum TNW compared to our Actual TNW:

The following table presents certain information with respect to the Loan Agreement with SVB:

Our outstanding letters of credit were used as security deposits.

Stock Incentive Plans

Our stock incentive plans permit the granting of stock options (both incentive and nonqualified stock options), restricted stock units ("RSUs"), stock appreciation rights, non-vested stock, and performance shares to certain employees, directors and consultants. As of March 31, 2016, no stock appreciation rights, non-vested stock, or performance shares were outstanding.

Stock Options

The following table presents a summary of activity during the nine months ended March 31, 2016 with respect to our stock options:

Restricted Stock Units

The following table presents a summary of activity during the nine months ended March 31, 2016 with respect to our RSUs:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") is intended to provide employees with an opportunity to purchase our common stock through accumulated payroll deductions at the end of a specified purchase period. Each of our employees (including officers) is eligible to participate in the ESPP, subject to certain limitations as set forth in the ESPP.

The following table presents a summary of activity under our ESPP during the nine months ended March 31, 2016:

In accordance with the terms of our ESPP, the purchase price of the 93,000 shares that were issued on November 13, 2015 was adjusted to $1.02 per share, which represents 85% of the closing market price of our common stock on that date.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents a summary of share-based compensation expense included in each functional line item on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

The following table summarizes the remaining unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to our outstanding share-based awards as of March 31, 2016:

If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested share-based awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel remaining unearned share-based compensation expense. Future share-based compensation expense and unearned share-based compensation will increase to the extent that we grant additional share-based awards.

We utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes. The following table presents our effective tax rates based upon the income tax provision for the periods shown:

The difference between our effective tax rates in the periods presented above and the federal statutory rate is primarily due to a tax benefit from our domestic losses being recorded with a full valuation allowance, as well as the effect of foreign earnings taxed at rates differing from the federal statutory rate.

We record net deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. As a result of our cumulative losses and uncertainty of generating future taxable income, we have provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2015.

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that are expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial position, operating results or cash flows. However, legal proceedings and claims are inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurance that existing or future legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on our business in the future.

In December 2015, we were informed that our largest stockholder and Lantronix director, Bernhard Bruscha, had sold his investment in Barix AG ("Barix"). Barix is an international customer of Lantronix, for which we have historically reported net revenues as a related party transaction. While we continue to sell to Barix, subsequent to December 2015, such revenues are no longer classified as net revenue from related parties.  

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 1 of this Report, the "Risk Factors" included in Item 1A of this Report and in the Form 10-K, as well as the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements described elsewhere in this Report, before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock.

Overview

Lantronix, Inc., which we refer to herein as the Company, Lantronix, we, our or us, is a specialized networking company providing machine to machine, or M2M, and Internet of Things, or IoT, solutions. Our products deliver secure connectivity, device management and mobility for today's increasingly connected world. By networking and managing devices and machines that have never before been connected, we enable our customers to realize the possibilities of the IoT.

We provide a broad portfolio of products intended to enhance the value of electronic devices and machines. Our products are typically used by enterprise and commercial businesses, government institutions, telecommunication and utility companies, financial institutions, healthcare providers and individual consumers.

We organize our solutions into two product lines based on how they are marketed, sold and deployed: IoT Modules and Enterprise Solutions. We conduct our business globally and manage our sales teams by geography. As a result of a strategic realignment plan that we executed during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we now manage according to three geographic regions; the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa, or EMEA, and Asia Pacific Japan.

Products and Solutions Overview

For purposes of the following discussion and analysis, "New Products" are defined as products that have been released since the beginning of the second quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012. All other products are referred to as "Legacy Products."

IoT Modules

IoT Modules are electronic products that serve as building blocks embedded within modern electronic systems and equipment. Each module consists of one or more silicon integrated circuits combined with specialized firmware to provide a self-contained function. Many modules are pre-certified in a number of countries thereby significantly reducing the customer's regulatory certification costs and accelerating time to market. Our IoT Modules product line includes wired and wireless products that are designed to enhance the value and utility of modern electronic systems and equipment by providing secure network connectivity, application hosting, protocol conversion and other functions. The products are offered with a software suite intended to further decrease our customer's time-to-market and increase their value add. Among others, the following product families are included in our IoT Modules product line: MatchPort ® , PremiereWave ® EN, WiPort ® , xPico ® , xPico ® Wi-Fi, and XPort ® .

Our IoT Modules are typically sold to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, original design manufacturers, or ODMs, contract manufacturers and distributors. OEMs design and sell products under their own brand that are either manufactured by the OEM in-house or by third-party contract manufacturers. ODMs design and manufacture products for third parties, which then sell those products under their own brand. The design cycles using our IoT Modules typically range from 12 to 24 months and can generate revenue for the entire life-cycle of an end-user's product.

Enterprise Solutions

Our Enterprise Solutions consist of electronic products that typically connect to one or more existing machines and devices and provide network connectivity or additional functionality. Our Enterprise Solutions are designed to enhance the value and utility of machines and devices by making the data from them available to users, systems and processes or by controlling their properties and features over the network. Our Enterprise Solutions primarily serve three markets: IoT Gateways, IT Infrastructure Management and Mobile Printing, based on the target application while relying on a common set of core technologies such as network connectivity, routing, switching and remote management. IoT Gateways encompass our line of wired and wireless device servers and terminal servers that add network connectivity to legacy or existing machines and intelligent gateways that add application hosting, protocol conversion and secure access for distributed Enterprise IoT deployments. IT Infrastructure Management includes console management, power management and keyboard video mouse products that provide out-of-band management access to IT and networking infrastructure deployed in data centers and server rooms. Mobile Printing covers the lineup of print servers that enhances the installed base of printers to work with Google Cloud Print and Apple Airprint. The following product families are included in our Enterprise Solutions product line: EDS, PremierWave ® XC, PremierWave ® XN, SLB ™ , SLC ™ , SLP ™ , Spider ™ , UDS, xDirect ® , xPress ™ , xPrintServer ® , and xSenso ® .

Enterprise Solutions are typically sold through value added resellers, systems integrators, distributors, e-tailers and to a lesser extent to OEMs. Sales are often project-based and may result in significant quarterly fluctuations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 1 of this Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The accounting policies that have the greatest impact on our financial condition and results of operations and that require the most judgment are those relating to revenue recognition, warranty reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, valuation of deferred income taxes, and goodwill. These policies are described in further detail in the Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to what was previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.

Results of Operations – Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015

Summary

In the three months ended March 31, 2016 our net revenue decreased by $480,000, or 4.6%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decline in net revenue was primarily due to lower sales of our Enterprise Solutions Legacy Products, which was partially offset by growth in sales of our Enterprise Solutions New Products. Our net loss was $456,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to a net loss of $839,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2015. The net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included a restructuring charge of $247,000. Our net loss in the three months ended March 31, 2016 was lower than the three months ended March 31, 2015 principally as a result of reduced selling and marketing expenses and lower inventory reserve charges.

Net Revenue

The following tables present our fiscal quarter net revenue by product line and geographic region:

IoT Modules

Net revenue from our IoT Modules product line for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was flat as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, which was an improvement from the approximate 10% annual rate of decline that we experienced in our Legacy Products during fiscal 2014 and 2015.

Enterprise Solutions

Net revenue from our Enterprise Solutions product line decreased primarily as a result of lower unit sales of our Legacy Products such as the SLC and UDS product families. The decline in Legacy Products was greater than the approximate 10% annual rate of decline that we experienced in our Legacy Products during fiscal 2014 and 2015 as many of our customers began transitioning from the Legacy SLC to the new SLC8000. The overall decline in Enterprise Solutions was partially offset by an increase in unit sales of the SLC8000, one of our New Products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit represents net revenue less cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of raw material components, subcontract labor assembly from contract manufacturers, manufacturing overhead, establishing or relieving inventory reserves for excess and obsolete products or raw materials, warranty costs, royalties and share-based compensation.

The following table presents our fiscal quarter gross profit:

Gross profit as a percent of revenue (referred to as "gross margin") for the three months ended March 31, 2016 improved compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to lower charges for excess inventories, and to a lesser extent, lower material production costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, including salaries and commissions, share-based compensation, facility expenses, information technology, trade show expenses, advertising, and legal and accounting fees. 

The following table presents our fiscal quarter selling, general and administrative expenses:

Overall, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to (i) lower headcount-related expenses, as we reduced headcount during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and at the end of the prior fiscal year in order to reduce our ongoing operating expenses, (ii) lower variable compensation expenses and (iii) a decrease in outside legal and marketing spending.

In February 2016, we initiated a strategic realignment plan to enable us to reallocate resources intended to optimize our sales and product development efforts. The restructuring activities were substantially completed in the three months ended March 31, 2016, and consisted of severance, lease termination and other associated costs. Of the total $247,000 in charges that we recorded related to these activities, $188,000 were recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2016. Also included in the "Restructuring and severance expenses" line item in the table above is $62,000 in severance expenses related to our former Vice President of Worldwide Sales.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, including share-based compensation, as well as expenditures to third-party vendors for research and development activities and product certification costs. Our quarterly costs related to outside services and product certifications can vary from period to period depending on our level of development activities.

The following table presents our fiscal quarter research and development expenses:

Overall, we saw a moderate increase in research and development expenses due to slightly higher wage and headcount-related expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2016, along with higher outside services and materials expenses related to development projects. We also incurred approximately $35,000 in restructuring charges recorded in connection with our strategic realignment plan further discussed above. 

Results of Operations – Nine Months Ended March 31, 2016 Compared to the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2015

Summary

In the nine months ended March 31, 2016 our net revenue decreased by $2.6 million, or 8.1%, compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2015. Our net loss was $1.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The decline in net revenue is primarily due to lower sales of our Legacy Products that was partially offset by growth in sales of New Products. Our net loss in the nine months ended March 31, 2016 was largely impacted by a decrease in our net revenue and decrease in gross profit by 6.7%. The impact on our current year net loss was largely offset by a 5.8% decrease in operating expenses.

Net Revenue

The following tables present fiscal year-to-date net revenue by product line and geographic region:

IoT Modules

Net revenue from our IoT Modules product line decreased as we experienced a decline in unit shipments for many of our Legacy Product families. The decline in Legacy Products was relatively consistent with the approximate 10% annual rate of decline that we experienced in our Legacy Products during fiscal 2014 and 2015. The decrease was partially offset by increased unit sales in the xPico Wi-Fi, a New Product, primarily in the EMEA region.

Enterprise Solutions

Net revenue from our Enterprise Solutions product line decreased primarily as a result of (i) decreased unit sales of our Legacy Products, in particular the SLC and UDS product families and (ii) decreased unit sales of certain New Products. The decline in Legacy Products was greater than the approximate 10% annual rate of decline that we experienced in our Legacy Products during fiscal 2014 and 2015 as many of our customers began transitioning from the Legacy SLC to the new SLC8000 during the nine months ended March 31, 2016. The overall decline in Enterprise Solutions was partially offset by an overall increase in unit sales of our New Products, in particular, the SLC8000.

Gross Profit

The following table presents fiscal year-to-date gross profit:

Gross margin for the nine months ended March 31, 2016 improved compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to lower charges for excess inventories and lower material production costs. These were partially offset by higher manufacturing overhead expenses in the nine months ended March 31, 2016.

Selling, General and Administrative

The following table presents fiscal year-to-date selling, general and administrative expenses:

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to (i) lower headcount-related expenses, as we reduced headcount during the nine months ended March 31, 2016 in order to reduce our ongoing operating expenses and (ii) lower variable compensation expenses. In the nine months ended March 31, 2016, we also experienced lower facility-related costs resulting from the relocation of our headquarters in July 2015.

In February 2016, we initiated a strategic realignment plan to enable us to reallocate resources intended to optimize our sales and product development efforts. The restructuring activities were substantially completed in the three months ended March 31, 2016, and consisted of severance, lease termination and other associated costs. These activities resulted in charges to selling, general and administrative expenses of approximately $188,000 for the nine months ended March 31, 2016. Also included in the "Restructuring and severance expenses" line item in the table above are severance charges totaling $348,000, which is comprised of (i) a $286,000 charge related to severance for our former President and Chief Executive and (ii) $62,000 in severance expenses related to our former Vice President of Worldwide Sales.

Research and Development

The following table presents fiscal year-to-date research and development expenses:

Research and development spending in the nine months ended March 31, 2016 is down slightly compared with the prior year driven principally by lower outside services and facilities expenses and lower share-based compensation expenses, partially offset by higher product certification costs. We also incurred approximately $35,000 in restructuring charges recorded in connection with our strategic realignment plan further discussed above.

Provision for Income Taxes

The following table presents our effective tax rate based upon our income tax provision:

We utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes. The difference between our effective tax rates and the federal statutory rate resulted primarily from a tax benefit from our domestic losses being recorded with a full valuation allowance, as well as the effect of foreign earnings taxed at rates differing from the federal statutory rate.

We record net deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. As a result of our cumulative losses and uncertainty of generating future taxable income, we have provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents details of our working capital and cash and cash equivalents:

Our principal sources of cash and liquidity include our existing cash and cash equivalents, borrowings available under our credit facilities, and cash generated from operations. We believe that these sources will be sufficient to fund our current requirements for working capital, capital expenditures and other financial commitments for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate that the primary factors affecting our cash and liquidity are net revenue, working capital requirements and capital expenditures.

Management defines cash and cash equivalents as highly liquid deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. We maintain cash and cash equivalents balances at certain financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by federal agencies. Management does not believe this concentration subjects us to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We frequently monitor the third-party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. Our emphasis is primarily on safety of principal and secondarily on maximizing yield.

Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and amount of our net revenue, any future restructuring or cost-cutting measures that we may implement from time to time, research and development expenses, expenses associated with any strategic partnerships or acquisitions, infrastructure investments and fundraising activities.

From time to time, we may seek additional capital from public or private offerings of our capital stock, borrowings under our existing or future credit lines or other sources in order to (i) develop or enhance our products, (ii) take advantage of strategic opportunities, (iii) respond to competition or (iv) continue to operate our business. We currently have a Form S-3 shelf registration statement on file with the SEC. If we issue equity securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we issue debt securities to raise additional funds, we may incur debt service obligations, we may become subject to restrictions limiting or restricting our ability to operate our business and we may be required to encumber all or a portion of our assets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise any such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Loan Agreement

Refer to Note 4 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 1 of this Report for a discussion of our loan agreement.

Cash Flows

The following table presents the major components of the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

Operating Activities

Net cash used by operating activities during the nine months ended March 31, 2016 increased slightly as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2015. Inventories decreased approximately $2.2 million during the period due to (i) our efforts to reduce inventory purchases to align with demand, and (ii) the sale of inventories built in the prior fiscal year. We also experienced a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $1.1 million during the period as we lowered current fiscal year inventory levels and paid for inventories accumulated in the prior fiscal year. Additionally, accounts receivable increased $473,000 from June 30, 2015 to March 31, 2016 due primarily to the linearity of our net revenues in the current quarter.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was related to capital expenditures for the purchase of property and equipment, primarily related to (i) a software license we acquired for product development and (ii) tooling and test equipment for new product deployment.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities related to payments we made for capital leases and withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees for restricted shares. These payments were substantially offset by proceeds we received from the issuance of common stock to employees in connection with purchases made under our ESPP.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of our ongoing business, we have not participated in transactions that generate material relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, or SPEs. As of March 31, 2016, we were not involved in any material unconsolidated SPEs. 

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item 3.

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2016 at the reasonable assurance level.

(b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

(c) Inherent Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Reference is made to the Form 10-K for a description of our legal proceedings. There have been no material changes to our legal proceedings as disclosed in the Form 10-K.

For a discussion of the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or performance, please see the information listed in the item captioned "Risk Factors" in the Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the risk factors as disclosed in the Form 10-K.

None.

None.

None.

None.

See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Exhibit Index

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* Furnished, not filed.