Internap Network Services Corp (INAP) SEC Annual Report (10-K) for 2016

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

OR

For the transition period from _____ to _____.

Commission file number: 001-31989

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the registrant's outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $89,770,054 based on a closing price of $2.06 on June 30, 2016, as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market.

As of March 1, 2017, 82,181,005 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the registrant's annual meeting of stockholders to be held June 21, 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the registrant's Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be a part of this report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth below, and notes to our accompanying audited consolidated financial statements, contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding industry trends, our future financial position and performance, business strategy, revenues and expenses in future periods, projected levels of growth and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. These statements are often identified by words such as "may," "will," "seeks," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "forecasts," "plans," "intends," "continue," "could" or "should," that an "opportunity" exists, that we are "positioned" for a particular result, statements regarding our vision or similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and expectations of our management team based on information currently available. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by forward-looking statements. Important factors currently known to our management that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those referenced in Item 1A "Risk Factors." We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

As used herein, except as otherwise indicated by context, references to "we," "us," "our," "Internap," "INAP," or the "Company" refer to Internap Corporation and our subsidiaries.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Internap Corporation is a leading technology provider of Internet infrastructure through both Colocation Business and Enterprise Services (including network connectivity, IP, bandwidth, and Managed Hosting), and Cloud Services (including enterprise-grade AgileCLOUD 2.0, Bare-Metal Servers, and SMB iWeb platforms). INAP's global high-capacity network connects 15 company-controlled Tier 3-type data centers in major markets in North America, 34 wholesale partnered facilities, and points of presence in 26 central business districts around the world. INAP also provides high-power density colocation, low-latency bandwidth, and public and private cloud platforms in an expanding internet infrastructure industry. We incorporated in Washington in 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in 2001. Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "INAP."

Our Industry

INAP competes in the large and fast-growing market for Internet infrastructure services (outsourced data center, compute, storage and network services). Three complementary trends are driving demand for Internet infrastructure services: the growth of the digital economy, the outsourcing of information technology ("IT") and the growth of cloud computing.

The Growth of the Digital Economy

The digital economy continues to impact existing business models with a new generation of networked applications. Widespread adoption of mobile Internet devices combined with rising expectations around the performance and availability of both consumer and business applications places increasing pressure on enterprises to deliver a seamless end-user experience on any device at any time at any location. Simultaneously, Software-as-a-Service models have changed data usage patterns with information traditionally maintained on individual machines and back-office servers now being streamed across the Internet. These applications require predictable performance and data security. Finally, the growth of big data analytics is giving rise to a new breed of "fast data" applications that collect and analyze massive amounts of data in real time to drive immediate business decisions – for example, real-time ad bidding platforms and personalized e-commerce portals.

The Outsourcing of IT

While more capacity is being outsourced to public cloud data centers, a growing number of enterprises are also turning to colocation and hosting providers.

As distributed applications, security concerns and compliance issues are placing new burdens on the traditional IT model and driving new costs and complexity, IT organizations are increasingly turning to infrastructure outsourcing to free up valuable internal resources to focus on their core businesses, improve service levels and lower the overall cost of their IT operations. The macro-economic trends over the past several years have led to a reduction of operating and capital budgets. Companies are forced to balance this growing complexity with a cost-cutting culture and staff resource limitations that require they do more with less.

The Growth of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has yet to make its full impact, and the extent and the form of that impact on enterprise and commercial data centers is still unclear. It will take several years to play out, but we expect demand for on-premises capacity to be offset by the ability to more easily migrate workloads to cloud providers such as INAP.

The emergence of public cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service ("IaaS") offerings has accelerated digital innovation by lowering the barrier to entry for new business creation. IaaS offerings allow new enterprises to procure and pay for infrastructure on an as-needed basis while minimizing upfront operating expenses, reducing complexity and increasing agility.

Although most organizations initially rely on cloud services for non-mission critical workloads, such as testing and development, growing adoption and the maturation of cloud platforms have increased confidence in migrating key business applications to the cloud. This, in turn, has led to a new generation of applications that are being architected from the ground up, to run on standardized public cloud infrastructure.

Our Business

The Internet infrastructure services market comprises a range of offerings that have emerged in response to shifting business and technology drivers. Internap competes specifically in the markets for retail colocation, hosting and IaaS. Different customer use cases and business requirements dictate the need for specific services or a combination of services.

Internap provides high-performance Internet infrastructure services that make our customers' applications faster and more scalable. We offer:

Our Segments

Effective January 1, 2016, we changed our organizational structure in an effort to create more effective and efficient business operations and to improve customer and product focus. In that regard, we revised the information that our chief executive officer, who is also our chief operating decision maker, regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance.  As a result, beginning January 1, 2016, we now report our financial performance based on our two new reportable segments, Data Center and Network Services and Cloud and Hosting Services, as follows:

Data Center and Network Services

Our Data Center and Network Services segment consists of colocation and Internet Protocol ("IP") connectivity services.

Colocation

Colocation involves providing physical space within data centers and associated services such as power, interconnection, environmental controls, monitoring and security while allowing our customers to deploy and manage their servers, storage and other equipment in our secure data centers. We sell our colocation services at 49 data centers across North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. We refer to 15 of these facilities as "company-controlled," meaning we control the data center operations, staffing and infrastructure and have negotiated long-term leases for the facilities. For company-controlled facilities, in most cases we design the data center infrastructure, procure the capital equipment, deploy the infrastructure and are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the facility. We refer to the remaining 34 data centers as "partner" sites. In these locations, a third party designs and deploys the infrastructure and provides for the operation and maintenance of the facility.

IP Connectivity

IP connectivity includes our patented Performance IP™ service, content delivery network services, IP routing hardware and software platform and Managed Internet Route Optimizer™ Controller. By intelligently routing traffic with redundant, high-speed connections over multiple, major Internet backbones, our IP connectivity provides high-performance and highly-reliable delivery of content, applications and communications to end users globally. We deliver our IP connectivity through 81 IP service points around the world.

Cloud and Hosting Services

Our cloud and hosting services segment consists of hosted Infrastructure-as-a-Service as a cloud platform or via managed hosting. For both Infrastructure-as-a-Service options, we provision and maintain the hardware, data center infrastructure and interconnection, while allowing our customers to own and manage their software applications and content.

Cloud

Cloud services involve providing compute and storage services via an integrated platform that includes servers, storage and network. We built our next generation cloud platform with our high-density colocation, Performance IP service and OpenStack, a leading open source technology for cloud services. Our Cloud offering provides customers with the ability to manage equally virtual and physical servers through an industry standard toolset provided by Openstack-based management and API interfaces. We deliver our cloud services in five locations across North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

Managed Hosting

Managed hosting involves providing a single tenant infrastructure environment consisting of servers, storage and network. We deliver this customizable infrastructure platform based on enterprise-class technology to support complex application and compliance requirements for our customers. We deliver our managed hosting services in 11 locations across North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

Additional information regarding our segments, including our financial results for the previous three fiscal years, can be found in note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Data Centers, Private Network Access Points and CDN POPs

Our data centers and private network access points ("P-NAPs") feature multiple direct high-speed connections to major Internet service providers ("ISPs"). We have data centers, P-NAPs and content delivery network ("CDN") POPs in the following markets, some of which have multiple sites:

Financial Information about Geographic Areas

For each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, we derived more than 10% of our total revenues from operations outside the United States. Additional information regarding our geographic areas, including our financial results for the previous three fiscal years, can be found in note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are included in general and administrative costs and are expensed as incurred. These costs primarily relate to our development and enhancement of IP routing technology, hosting and cloud technologies and network engineering costs associated with changes to the functionality of our services. Research and development costs were $1.1 million, $2.2 million and $2.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These costs do not include $6.3 million, $6.5 million and $8.5 million of internal-use and available for sale software costs capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Customers

As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 9,000 customers in various industries. We serve the following key industries: software and Internet, including advertising technology; media and entertainment, including gaming; business services; hosting and IT infrastructure; health care technology infrastructure and telecommunications. Our customer base is not concentrated in any particular industry; in each of the past three years, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenues.

Competition

The market for Internet infrastructure services is intensely competitive, remains highly fragmented and is characterized by rapid innovation, price sensitivity and consolidation. We believe that the principal factors of competition for service providers in our target markets include breadth of product offering, product features and performance, level of customer service and technical support, price and brand recognition. We believe that we can compete on the basis of these factors to varying degrees. Our current and potential competition primarily consists of:

Our Competitive Differentiation

Internap aims to be the partner of choice for people developing the world's most innovative applications by creating and operating the best-performing Internet infrastructure. We are uniquely positioned to help our customers make their applications faster and more scalable through the approaches discussed below.

Our High-Performance Service Offering

The Company was founded over 20 years ago to provide a better way to deliver packets across the Internet and, today, our Performance IP service is a leading standard for business Internet connectivity. As we have expanded and evolved our business, delivering the best performance has remained our focus starting with the design of company-controlled data centers, which are the foundation for our infrastructure services and feature industry-leading power densities and complete infrastructure redundancy to efficiently support business growth while minimizing downtime.

Similarly, we have designed our public cloud offering to support high-performance workloads with bare-metal and virtual computing options built atop the open-source OpenStack cloud computing platform. Our Public Cloud virtual computing services are offered in both a low oversubscription and a non-oversubscribed model to deliver best in class cloud performance at the right price. Our bare-metal cloud supports big data, compute-based rendering, in-memory or streaming applications by delivering faster throughput and processing performance through unaltered access to physical resources. The rich selection of available bare metal configurations provides our customers with the flexibility to create performance-focused, purpose built infrastructure. Further by removing hypervisors, hence eliminating the "noisy neighbor effect" we are able to achieve a more efficient price to performance – with significant cost savings over nominal virtual equivalents.

Our Approach to Internet Infrastructure and Hosting Venue Interoperability

We believe the breadth of our services offering provides additional compelling differentiation. Customers require a range of infrastructure offerings to support specific workload, business and compliance, and we are unique in our ability to allow customers to easily mix and match colocation, cloud and hosting (virtual and physical, managed and unmanaged environments) to create the best-fit infrastructure for their application and business requirements.

Our infrastructure services seamlessly interconnect via a single unified network to enable IT environments for maximum scalability, efficiency and flexibility. Our unified customer portal allows customers to provision, manage and monitor colocation, hosting and cloud environments through a single, robust interface. This simplifies management of the colocation footprint, minimizes expensive trips to the data center and enables customers to easily leverage cloud-to-colocation for immediate access to on-demand resources.

Our Customer Support

Internap's award-winning, fully-redundant Network Operation Centers ("NOCs") deliver outstanding service and act as a virtual extension of our customers' infrastructure teams. Our NOCs are staffed by experienced engineers who proactively monitor our services and network to resolve issues before problems arise. The performance and availability of our services is mission-critical to our customers and we back those services with a competitive SLA, which features proactive alerts and credits.

Intellectual Property

Our success and ability to compete depend in part on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our IT infrastructure services and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and contractual restrictions to protect our proprietary technology. As of December 31, 2016, we had 23 patents (18 issued in the United States and 5 issued internationally) that extend to various dates between 2017 and 2034, and 14 registered trademarks in the United States. Although we believe the protection afforded by our patents, trademarks and trade secrets has value, the rapidly changing technology in our industry and uncertainties in the legal process make our future success dependent primarily on the innovative skills, technological expertise and management abilities of our employees rather than on the protection afforded by patent, trademark and trade secret laws. We seek to limit disclosure of our intellectual property by requiring employees and consultants with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 530 employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we have not experienced any work stoppages. We generally believe our labor relations to be good.

Available Information

The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that the Company files with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The Company files annual reports, quarterly reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). The public may read and copy any materials that the Company files with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

The Company also makes available free of charge through its website (www,internap.com) the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. References to our website addressed in this Form 10-K are provided as a convenience and do not constitute, and should not be viewed as, an incorporation by reference of the information contained on, or available through, the website. Therefore, such information should not be considered part of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could have a materially adverse impact on our operations. The risks described below highlight some of the factors that have affected, and in the future could affect, our operations. You should carefully consider these risks. These risks are not the only ones we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or that we currently deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us. If any of the events or circumstances described in the following risks occurs, our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or any combination of the foregoing could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to our Business

We cannot predict with certainty the future evolution of the IT infrastructure market in which we compete, and may be unable to respond effectively or on a timely basis to rapid technological change.

The IT infrastructure market in which we compete is characterized by rapidly changing technology, industry standards and customer needs, as well as by frequent new product and service introductions. Innovative new IT technologies and evolving industry standards have the potential to become the "new normal," either replacing or providing efficient, potentially lower-cost alternatives to other, more traditional, IT communications services. The adoption of such new technologies or industry standards could render our existing services obsolete and unmarketable or require us to spend significant amounts of capital to adapt or adopt new technologies or industry standards.

Our failure to anticipate new technology trends that may eventually become the preferred technology choice of our customers, to adapt our technology to any changes in the prevailing industry standards (or, conversely, for there to be an absence of generally accepted standards applicable to the industries we compete in) could materially and adversely affect our business. Our pursuit of and investment in necessary technological advances may require substantial time and expense, but will not guarantee that we can successfully adapt our network and services to alternative access devices and technologies. Technological advances in computer processing, storage, capacity, component size, cloud computing solutions or power management could result in a decreased demand for our data center and hosting services. Likewise, if the Internet backbone becomes subject to a form of central management or gatekeeping control, or if ISPs establish an economic settlement arrangement regarding the exchange of traffic between Internet networks that is passed on to Internet users, the demand for our IP and CDN services could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to develop new and enhanced services and products that achieve widespread market acceptance, or if we are unable to improve the performance and features of our existing services and products or adapt our business model to keep pace with industry trends, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

The markets in which we compete are constantly evolving. The process of expending research and development funds to create new services and products, and the technologies that support them is expensive, time and labor intensive and uncertain. We may not understand or accurately assess the market demand for new services and products or not be able to solve or fix technical problems with new services and products. The demand for top research and development talent is high, and there is significant competition for these scarce resources.

Our future success may depend on our ability to respond to the rapidly changing needs of our customers by expending research and development funds in a cost-effective manner to acquire talent and to develop and introduce new services, products and upgrades on a timely basis. New product development and introduction involves a significant commitment of time and resources and is subject to a number of risks and challenges, including:

In addition, if we cannot innovate our products or adapt our business models to keep pace with industry trends, our revenue could be negatively impacted. If we are not successful in managing these risks and challenges, or if our new services, products and upgrades are not technologically competitive or do not achieve market acceptance, we may experience a material decrease in our revenues and earnings.

Failure to retain existing customers or attract new customers will cause our revenue to decline.

In addition to adding new customers, we must sell additional services to existing customers and encourage them to increase their usage levels to increase our revenue. If our existing and prospective customers do not perceive our services to be of sufficiently high value and quality or do not provide the proper technological solutions, we may not be able to retain our current customers or attract new ones. Our customers have no obligation to renew their agreements for our services after the expiration of their initial commitment, and these agreements may not be renewed at the same price or level of service, if at all. Due to the upfront costs of implementing IT infrastructure services, if our customers do not renew or cancel their agreements, we may not be able to recover the initial costs associated with bringing additional IT infrastructure on-line.

Our customers' renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including:

If our customers do not renew their agreements with us or if they renew on less favorable terms, our revenue would decline and our business may suffer. Similarly, our customer agreements may provide for minimum commitments that may be significantly below our customers' historical usage levels. Consequently, these customers could significantly curtail their usage without incurring any incremental fees under our agreements. In this event, our revenue would be lower than expected and our operating results could suffer.

Our capital investment strategy for data center and IT infrastructure services expansion may contain erroneous assumptions causing our return on invested capital to be materially lower than expected and could materially impact our results of operations.

Our strategic decision to invest capital in expanding our data center and IT infrastructure services is based on, among other things, significant assumptions related to expected growth of these markets, our IT solutions program, our competitors' plans and current and expected server utilization and data center occupancy rates. We have no way of ensuring the data or models we use to deploy capital into existing markets, or to create new markets, has been or will be accurate. Errors or imprecision in these estimates, especially those related to customer demand or our competitors' plans, could cause actual results to differ materially from our expected results and could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may experience difficulties in executing our capital investment strategy to expand our IT infrastructure services, upgrade existing facilities or establish new facilities, products, services or capabilities.

As part of our strategy, we may continue to expand our IT infrastructure services and may encounter challenges and difficulties in implementing our expansion plans. This could cause us to grow at a slower pace than projected in our capital investment modeling. These challenges and difficulties relate to our ability to:

If we encounter greater than anticipated difficulties in implementing our expansion plans, are unable to deploy new IT infrastructure services or do not adequately control expenses associated with the deployment of new IT infrastructure services, it may be necessary to take additional actions, which could divert management's attention and strain our operational and financial resources. We may not successfully address any or all of these challenges, and our failure to do so would adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our estimation of future data center space needs may be inaccurate, leading to missed sales opportunities or additional expenses through unnecessary carrying costs.

Adding data center space involves capital outlays well ahead of planned usage. Although we believe we can accurately project future space needs in particular markets, these plans require significant estimates and assumptions based on available market data. Errors or imprecision in these estimates or the data on which the estimates are based could result in either an oversupply or undersupply of space in a particular market and cause actual results to differ materially from our expected results and correspondingly have a material adverse impact on our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Pricing pressure may continue to decrease our revenue for certain services.

Pricing for Internet connectivity, data transit and data storage services has declined in recent years and may continue to decline, which would continue to impact our IP services segment. By bundling their services and reducing the overall cost of their service offerings, certain of our competitors may be able to provide customers with reduced costs in connection with their Internet connectivity, data transit and data storage services or private network services, thereby significantly increasing the pressure on us to decrease our prices, whether unbundled or bundled. Increased price competition, price deflation and other related competitive pressures have eroded, and could continue to erode, our revenue and margins and could materially and adversely affect our results of operations if we are unable to control or reduce our costs. Because we rely on ISPs to deliver our services and have agreed with some of these providers to purchase minimum amounts of service at predetermined prices, our profitability could be adversely affected by competitive price reductions offered to our customers even if accompanied with an increased number of customers.

Some of our competitors for data center services may adopt aggressive pricing policies. Many of our competitors for cloud services have substantially greater financial resources and may adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the promotion, marketing and sales of their services. Such competitive actions could cause us to lower prices for certain products or services to remain competitive in the market. In addition, we have seen and may continue to see increased competition for colocation services from wholesale data center providers, such as large real estate companies. Rather than leasing available space to large single tenants, wholesale data center providers may decide to convert the space instead to smaller units designed for retail colocation use. As a result of such competition, we could suffer from downward pricing pressure and the loss of customers, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market in which we operate is highly competitive and has experienced recent consolidation which may continue, and we may lack the financial and other resources, expertise, scale or capability necessary to capture increased market share or maintain our market share.

We compete in a rapidly evolving, highly competitive market which has been, and is likely to continue to be, characterized by overcapacity, industry consolidation and continued pricing pressure. In addition, our competitors may acquire software-application vendors, technology providers or other service providers, enabling them to more effectively compete with us. We believe that participants in this market must grow rapidly and achieve a significant presence to compete effectively, particularly as fixed costs increase for industry participants. This consolidation could affect prices and other competitive factors in ways that would impede our ability to compete successfully in the IT infrastructure market. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and market resources, greater name recognition and more established relationships in the industry and may be able to:

In addition, IT infrastructure providers may make technological advancements to enhance the quality of their services, which could negatively impact the demand for our IT infrastructure services. We also expect that we will face additional competition as we expand our product offerings, including competition from technology and telecommunications companies and non-technology companies which are entering the market through leveraging their existing or expanded network services and cloud infrastructure. Further, the ability of some of these potential competitors to bundle other services and products with their network services could place us at a competitive disadvantage. Various companies also are exploring the possibility of providing, or are currently providing, high-speed, intelligent data services that use connections to more than one network or use alternative delivery methods, including the cable television infrastructure, direct broadcast satellites and wireless local loops.

We may lack financial and other resources, expertise or capability necessary to maintain or capture increased market share. Increased competition and technological advancements by our competitors could materially and adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We have a long sales cycle for our IT infrastructure services and the implementation efforts required by customers to activate them can be substantial.

Many of our IT infrastructure services are complex and require substantial sales efforts and technical consultation to implement. A customer's decision to outsource some or all of its IT infrastructure typically involves a significant commitment of resources. Some customers may be reluctant to purchase our services due to their inability to accurately forecast future demand, delay in decision-making or inability to obtain necessary internal approvals to commit resources. We may expend time and resources pursuing a particular sale or customer that does not result in revenue. Delays due to the length of our sales cycle may harm our ability to meet our forecasts and materially and adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

We may lose customers if they elect to develop or maintain some or all of their IT infrastructure services internally.

Our current and potential customers may decide to develop or maintain their own IT infrastructure rather than outsource to service providers like us. These in-house IT infrastructure services could be perceived to be superior or more cost effective compared to our services. If we fail to offer IT infrastructure services that compete favorably with in-sourced services or if we fail to differentiate our IT infrastructure services, we may lose customers or fail to attract customers that may consider pursuing this in-sourced approach, and our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations would suffer as a result.

In addition, our customers' business models may change in ways that we do not anticipate and these changes could reduce or eliminate our customers' needs for our services. If this occurs, we could lose customers or potential customers, and our business and financial results would suffer. As a result of these or similar potential developments in the future, it is possible that competitive dynamics in our market may require us to reduce our prices, which could harm our revenue, gross margin and operating results.

If governments modify or increase regulation of the Internet, or goods or services necessary to operate the Internet or our IT infrastructure, our services could become more costly.

International bodies and federal, state and local governments have adopted a number of laws and regulations that affect the Internet and are likely to continue to seek to implement additional laws and regulations. In addition, federal and state agencies have adopted or are actively considering regulation of various aspects of the Internet and/or IP services, including taxation of transactions, enhanced data privacy and retention legislation and various energy regulations, as well as law enforcement surveillance and anti-terrorism initiatives targeting instant messaging applications. For example, if the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC") were to impose federal Universal Service Fund requirements on a number of our managed hosting services such as virtual private network, dedicated IP and other enterprise customer services, that could raise our costs, and potentially require us to charge more for our services than we currently do and negatively impact our business. Additionally, we must comply with federal and state consumer protection laws. Finally, other potential laws and regulations targeted at goods or services that are cost inputs necessary to operate our managed service and colocation offerings could have a negative impact on us. These factors may impact the delivery of our services by driving up the cost of power, which is a significant cost of operating our data centers and other service points.

In April 2015, the FCC adopted new Open Internet rules reclassifying broadband Internet access as a regulated Title II "telecommunications service." The Title II regulation subjects ISPs to common carrier regulations, including prohibiting "unjust and unreasonable practices" and discriminatory practices under the Communications Act, regulation of consumer privacy and other common carrier regulations. While we are not an ISP or a broadband Internet access provider, many of our customers have Internet businesses and rely on us for Web hosting, colocation of Web servers and routers and cloud services. If certain broadband access providers were to unreasonably interfere or disadvantage certain of our Internet edge provider customers by not allowing consumers to access them under comparable rates and service terms, then that could harm our business.

The 2015 Open Internet Order also established "bright line rules" that prohibit an ISP from blocking, throttling (impairing or degrading lawful Internet traffic on the basis of content, applications or service), and paid prioritization or "fast lanes," including for ISP affiliates. The new rules also enhance the existing transparency requirements for service quality disclosures to broadband services customers and set a standard of conduct for ISPs. Several challenges to the Commission's 2015 Open Internet Order were filed before the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals including the Commission's reclassification of broadband Internet access as a Title II telecommunications service. In June 2016, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the FCC's Open Internet Order in a 2-1 decision. The ruling can be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

It is unclear what the long-term impact will be of the new Open Internet regulations. Commercial arrangements for the exchange of traffic with broadband Internet providers and treatment of edge provider offerings by broadband providers now fall within the scope of Title II, however, the Commission has stated that regulatory complaints about such issues as usage-based pricing plans by consumers or "zero rating" sponsored data plans by edge provider will be evaluated on a no-unreasonable interference/disadvantage standard on a case-by-case basis, making it very uncertain how such practices will be regulated, if at all.

In January 2017, a new Chairman of the FCC was appointed. It is unclear what short term and long term impacts will occur as a result of new leadership at the FCC.

A legislative amendment proposed in 2015 to amend the Communications Act remains pending. The legislation would amend the Communications Act to expressly (a) classify broadband as an information service; (b) allow ISPs to offer "specialized services" or "services other than broadband Internet access service that are offered over the same network"; and (c) prohibit blocking of lawful content, throttling data and paid prioritization. The proposed legislative reforms would apply to both wireless and wireline broadband services. The amendment would override the Commission's reclassification of broadband as a telecommunications service in the 2015 Open Internet Order. If this proposed legislation or similar legislation is enacted which does not treat broadband Internet access or the service interconnecting Internet content edge providers with ISPs as a telecommunications service, it could disadvantage our edge provider customers and adversely impact our business.

In another pending rulemaking, the FCC is proposing to regulate Internet-based video programming providers as multi-channel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") as it currently regulates established cable television providers and satellite providers. The FCC has tentatively concluded that the traditional definition of MVPD requiring ownership of the video transmission path should be expanded to include Internet-based video programmers. This proceeding could directly impact the ability to compete for video programming of a number of Internap's customers, and thereby impact the future use of Internap's services.

In addition, laws relating to the liability of private network operators and information carried on or disseminated through their networks are unsettled, both in the U.S. and abroad. The nature of any new laws and regulations and the interpretation of applicability to the Internet of existing laws governing intellectual property ownership and infringement, copyright, trademark, trade secret, national security, law enforcement, obscenity, libel, employment, personal privacy, consumer protection and other issues are uncertain and developing. We may become subject to legal claims such as defamation, invasion of privacy or copyright infringement in connection with content stored on or distributed through our network. We cannot predict the impact, if any, that future regulation or regulatory changes may have on our business.

If we fail to comply with privacy rules and regulations implemented by foreign governments and agencies, our business could be adversely affected and we could face claims for liabilities.

In October 2015, the European Court of Justice invalidated Decision 2000/520, which provided a safe harbor for businesses to transfer personal data from European Union countries to the United States if the recipient company agreed to comply with Safe Harbor Privacy Principles. Since that time, the European Commission and the U.S. Department of Commerce have been negotiating a next generation Safe Harbor agreement to enable the transfer of personal data from E.U. countries to the U.S. and reduce the risk of enforcement actions being brought by E.U. member privacy regulators against U.S. companies for failing to adequately protect the transfer of personal data of E.U. citizens. On February 2, 2016, E.U. and U.S. officials announced the terms of a new U.S.-E.U. Safe Harbor agreement, referred to as the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield. On July 12, 2016, the European Commission deemed the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework adequate to enable data transfers under EU law. Failure to comply or implement certain privacy safeguards could negatively impact our business and give rise to claims for liabilities.

If we fail to comply with telecommunications services regulations our business could be negatively affected.

One of our subsidiaries offers Metro Connect Ethernet data transmission services to customers colocated at our data centers to enable expanded connectivity. These are regulated telecommunications services, which require our subsidiary to obtain regulatory certifications and often to maintain an approved tariff in most states in which these services are offered. There are various regulatory compliance requirements to operate as a telecommunications carrier, such as the filing of tariffs, annual reports and universal service reports. We also must comply with state consumer protection laws in every state in which we operate. Failure to comply with any of these requirements could negatively impact our business.

We depend on third-party suppliers for key elements of our IT infrastructure services and products. If we are unable to obtain these elements on a cost-effective basis, or at all, or if such services are interrupted, limited or terminated, our growth prospects and business operations may be adversely affected.

In delivering our services, we rely on a number of Internet networks, many of which are built and operated by third parties. To provide high performance connectivity services through our network access points, we purchase connections from several ISPs. We can offer no assurances that these ISPs will continue to provide service to us on a continuous, cost-effective basis or on competitive terms, if at all, or that these providers will provide us with additional capacity to adequately meet customer demand or to expand our business. Consolidation among ISPs limits the number of vendors from which we obtain service, possibly resulting in higher network costs to us. We may be unable to establish and maintain relationships with other ISPs that may emerge or that are significant in geographic areas, such as Asia and Europe, in which we may locate our future network access points. Any of these situations could limit our growth prospects and materially and adversely affect our business.

We also depend on other companies to supply various key elements of our network infrastructure, including the network access loops between our network access points and our ISP, local loops between our network access points and our customers' networks and certain end-user access networks. Pricing for such network access loops and local loops has risen over time and operators of these networks may take measures that could degrade, disrupt or increase the cost of our or our customers' access to certain of these end-user access networks by restricting or prohibiting the use of their networks to support or facilitate our services, or by charging increased fees. Some of our competitors have their own network access loops and local loops and are, therefore, not subject to similar availability and pricing issues.

For data center and hosting facilities, we rely on a number of vendors to provide physical space, convert or build space to our specifications, provide power, internal cabling and wiring, climate control, physical security and system redundancy. We typically obtain physical space through long-term leases. We utilize multiple other vendors to perform leasehold improvements necessary to make the physical space available for occupancy. The demand for premium data center and hosting space in several key markets has outpaced supply over recent years and the imbalance is projected to continue over the near term. This has limited our physical space options and increased, and will continue to increase, our costs to add capacity. If we are not able to procure space through renewing our existing leases or entering into new leases, or are not able to contain costs for physical space, or are not able to pass these costs on to our customers, our results will be adversely affected.

In addition, we currently purchase infrastructure equipment such as servers, routers, switches and storage components from a limited number of vendors. We do not carry significant inventories of the equipment we purchase, and we have no guaranteed supply arrangements with our vendors. A loss of a significant vendor could delay any build-out of our infrastructure and increase our costs. If our limited source of suppliers fails to provide products or services that comply with evolving Internet standards or that interoperate with other products or services we use in our network infrastructure, we may be unable to meet all or a portion of our customer service commitments, which could materially and adversely affect our results.

Some of our products and services contain or use open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software and solutions.

We use open source software in our products and for certain services and will use open source software in the future. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated solutions unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and development resources. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software because open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Any failure of our physical IT infrastructure could lead to unexpected costs and disruptions that could harm our business reputation, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business depends on providing customers with highly-reliable services. We must protect our IT infrastructure and our customers' data and their equipment located in our data centers. The services we provide in each of our data centers are subject to failure resulting from numerous factors, including:

Problems at one or more of our company-controlled facilities or our partner sites, whether or not within our control, could result in service interruptions or significant equipment damage. Most of our customers have SLAs that require us to meet minimum performance obligations and to provide service credits to customers if we do not meet those obligations. If a service interruption impacts a significant portion of our customer base, the amount of service credits we are required to provide could adversely impact our business and financial condition. Also, if we experience a service interruption and we fail to provide a service credit under an SLA, we could face claims related to such failures, which could adversely impact our business and financial condition. Because our data centers are critical to our customers' businesses, service interruptions or significant equipment damage in our data centers also could result in lost profits or other indirect or consequential damages to our customers. We cannot guarantee that a court would enforce any contractual limitations on our liability in the event that a customer brings a lawsuit against us as the result of a failure to meet performance obligations in our SLAs.

Any loss of services, equipment damage or inability to meet performance obligations in our SLAs could reduce the confidence of our customers and could result in lost customers or an inability to attract new customers, which would adversely affect both our ability to generate revenues and our operating results.

Furthermore, we are dependent upon ISPs and telecommunications carriers in the U.S., Europe and Asia-Pacific region, some of whom have experienced significant system failures and electrical outages in the past. Users of our services may experience difficulties due to system failures unrelated to our systems and services. If, for any reason, these providers fail to provide the required services, our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.

Our inability to renew our data center leases, or renew on favorable terms, and potential unknown costs related to asset retirement obligations could negatively impact our financial results.

Generally, our company-controlled data center leases provide us with the opportunity to renew the leases at our option for periods typically ranging from five to 10 years. Many of these options provide that rent for the renewal period will be the fair market rental rate at the time of renewal. If the fair market rental rates are higher than our current rental rates, we may be unable to offset these costs by charging more for our services, which could have a negative impact on our financial results. Conversely, if rental rates drop in the near term, we would not be able to take advantage of the drop in rates until the expiration of the lease as we would be bound by the terms of the existing lease.

For the leases that do not contain renewal options, or for which the option to renew has been exhausted or passed, we cannot guarantee the lessor will renew the lease, or will do so at a rate that will allow us to maintain profitability on that particular space. While we proactively monitor these leases and conduct ongoing negotiations with lessors, our ability to renegotiate renewals is inherently limited by the original contract language, including option renewal clauses. If we are unable to renew, we may incur substantial costs to move our infrastructure and/or customers and to restore the property to its required condition. There is no guarantee that our customers would move with us and we may not be able to find appropriate and sufficient space. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, we have capital lease agreements that require us to decommission the physical space for which we have not yet recorded an asset retirement obligation ("ARO"). Due to the uncertainty of specific decommissioning obligations, timing and related costs, an ARO is not reasonably estimable for these properties and we have not recorded a liability at this time for such properties.

A failure in the redundancies in one or more of our NOCs, P-NAPs or computer systems could cause a significant disruption in Internet connectivity which could impact our ability to serve our customers.

While we maintain multiple layers of redundancy in our operating facilities, if we experience a problem at one or more of our NOCs, including the failure of redundant systems, we may be unable to provide Internet connectivity services to our customers, provide customer service and support or monitor our network infrastructure or P-NAPs, any of which would seriously harm our reputation, business and operating results. Also, because we are obligated to provide continuous Internet availability under our SLAs, we may be required to issue service credits as a result of such interruptions in service. If material, these credits could negatively affect our revenues and results of operations. In addition, interruptions in service to our customers could potentially harm our customer relations, expose us to potential lawsuits or necessitate additional capital expenditures.

A significant number of our P-NAPs are located in facilities owned and operated by third parties. In many of those arrangements, we do not have property rights similar to those customarily possessed by a lessee or subtenant but instead have lesser rights of occupancy. In certain situations, the financial condition of those parties providing occupancy to us could have an adverse impact on the continued occupancy arrangement or the level of service delivered to us under such arrangements.

Our network and software are subject to potential security breaches and similar threats that could result in liability and harm our reputation.

A number of widespread and disabling attacks on public and private networks have occurred in the past in our industry. The number and severity of these attacks may increase in the future as network assailants take advantage of outdated software, software vulnerabilities, security breaches or incompatibility between or among networks. Computer viruses, intrusions and similar disruptive problems could cause us to be liable for damages under agreements with our customers and fines and penalties to governmental or regulatory agencies, and our reputation could suffer, thereby resulting in a loss of current customers and deterring potential customers from working with us. Security problems or other attacks caused by third parties could lead to interruptions and delays or to the cessation of service to our customers. Furthermore, inappropriate use of the network by third parties could also jeopardize the security of confidential information stored in our computer systems and in those of our customers and could expose us to liability under unsolicited commercial e-mail, or "spam," regulations. In the past, third parties have occasionally circumvented some of these industry-standard measures. We can offer no assurance that the measures we implement will not be circumvented. Our efforts to eliminate computer viruses and alleviate other security problems, or any circumvention of those efforts, may result in increased costs, interruptions, delays or cessation of service to our customers and negatively impact hosted customers' on-line business transactions. Affected customers might file claims against us under such circumstances, and our insurance may not be available or adequate to cover these claims.

Our business requires the continued development of effective and efficient business support systems to support our customer growth and related services.

The growth of our business depends on our ability to continue to develop and successfully implement effective and efficient business support policies, processes and internal systems. This is a complicated undertaking requiring significant resources and expertise. Business support systems are needed for:

If the number of customers that we serve or our services portfolio increases, we may need to develop additional business support systems on a schedule sufficient to meet proposed service rollout dates. The failure to continue to develop effective and efficient business support systems, and update or optimize these systems to a level commensurate with the needs of our business and/or our competition, could harm our ability to implement our business plans, maintain competitiveness and meet our financial goals and objectives.

Our global operations may not be successful.

We operate globally in various locations. We may develop or acquire P-NAPs or complementary businesses in additional global markets. The risks associated with our global business operations include:

We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to address the risks associated with our global operations, which may limit our sales growth and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to retain our key executives and employees and hire and retain qualified sales, research and development, technical, marketing and support personnel, our ability to compete could be materially adversely affected.

Our current and future success depends upon the services of our executive officers and other key technology, sales, research and development, marketing and support personnel who have critical industry experience, knowledge and relationships. There is significant competition for such talented individuals, which affects both our ability to retain key employees and hire new ones.

We have recently experienced turnover at the executive ranks of our Company. Members of our senior management team have left our Company over the years for a variety of reasons, and we cannot be certain that there will not be additional departures, which may be disruptive to our operations and detrimental to our future outlook. The loss of the services of any of our key employees or our inability to attract and retain new talent could hinder or delay the implementation of our business strategy and negatively impact our ability to sell our services.

Acquisitions, joint ventures and other strategic transactions we complete could result in operating difficulties, dilution, diversion of management attention and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business and results of operations.

From time to time, we may enter into acquisitions, joint ventures and other types of strategic relationships that involve close cooperation with other companies. Acquisitions and other complex transactions are accompanied by a number of risks, including the following:

Any inability to integrate completed acquisitions or combinations in an efficient and timely manner could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. As we complete acquisitions, we may encounter difficulty in incorporating acquired technologies into our offerings while maintaining the quality standards that are consistent with our business operations, brand and reputation. If we are not successful in completing acquisitions or other strategic transactions that we may pursue in the future, we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management time and resources without a successful result. Future acquisitions could require use of substantial portions of our available cash or result in dilutive issuances of securities. Technology sharing or other strategic relationships we enter into may give rise to disputes over intellectual property ownership, operational responsibilities and other significant matters. Such disputes may be expensive and time-consuming to resolve and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We may become involved in various types of litigation that may adversely impact our business.

From time to time, we are or may become involved in various legal proceedings relating to matters incidental to the ordinary course of our business, including patent, commercial, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims, and governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management's attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses even if the claims are without merit. Furthermore, because such matters are inherently unpredictable, there can be no assurance that the results of any of these matters will not have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

General global market, political and economic conditions may have an adverse impact on our operating performance, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business has been and could continue to be affected by general global economic, political and market conditions. To the extent economic conditions impair our customers' ability to profitably monetize the content we deliver on their behalf, they may reduce or eliminate the traffic we deliver for them. Such reductions in traffic would lead to a reduction in our revenue. Additionally, in a down-cycle economic environment, we may experience the negative effects of increased competitive pricing pressure, customer loss, a slow down in commerce over the Internet and corresponding decrease in traffic delivered over our network and failures by customers to pay amounts owed to us on a timely basis or at all. Suppliers on which we rely on for various services could also be negatively impacted by economic conditions that, in turn, could have a negative impact on our operations or expenses. In addition, political effects such as changes to (i) trade and tariff laws, (ii) tax laws, (iii) the makeup or function of regulatory bodies and (iv) employee laws could have a significant negative impact on our business. There can be no assurance, therefore, that current economic conditions or worsening economic conditions or a prolonged or recurring recession will not have a significant adverse impact on our operating results or that current or future political conditions will not negatively impact our business.

Global or local climate change and natural resource conservation regulations could adversely impact our business.

Our operations, including our data centers and server networks, require and consume significant energy resources, including electricity generated by the burning of fossil fuels. In response to concerns about global climate change, governments may adopt new regulations affecting the use of fossil fuels or requiring the use of alternative fuel sources to power energy resources that serve our operations. In addition, our customers and investors may require us to take steps to demonstrate that we are taking ecologically responsible measures in operating our business. The costs and any expenses we incur to make our network more energy efficient could make us less profitable in future periods. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations or other requirements imposed on us could lead to fines, lost revenue and damage to our reputation.

Risks Related to our Capital Stock and Other Business Risks

We have a history of losses and may not sustain profitability.

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we incurred net losses of $124.7 million, $48.4 million and $39.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2016, our accumulated deficit was $1.3 billion and our working capital deficit was $15.9 million. Given the competitive and evolving nature of the industry in which we operate, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability, and our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, including our ability to raise additional funds or refinance our current levels of indebtedness.

Our results of operations have fluctuated in the past and likely will continue to fluctuate, which could negatively impact the price of our common stock.

We have experienced fluctuations in our results of operations on a quarterly and annual basis. Fluctuation in our operating results may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We expect to experience continued fluctuations in our operating results in the foreseeable future due to a variety of factors, including:

In addition, fluctuations in our results of operations may arise from strategic decisions we have made or may make with respect to the timing and magnitude of capital expenditures such as those associated with the expansion of our data center facilities, the deployment of additional P-NAPs, the terms of our network connectivity purchase agreements and the cost of servers, storage and other equipment necessary to deploy hosting and cloud services. A relatively large portion of our expenses are fixed in the short-term, particularly with respect to lease and personnel expense, depreciation and amortization and interest expense. Our results of operations, therefore, are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in revenue. We can offer no assurance that the results of any particular period are an indication of future performance in our business operations. Fluctuations in our results of operations could have a negative impact on our ability to raise additional capital and execute our business plan.

We may incur additional goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, restructuring charges or both.

The assumptions, inputs and judgments used in performing the valuation analysis and assessments of goodwill and other intangible assets are inherently subjective and reflect estimates based on known facts and circumstances at the time the valuation is performed. The use of different assumptions, inputs and judgments or changes in circumstances could materially affect the results of the valuation and assessments. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results could differ from our estimates.

When circumstances warrant, we may elect to exit certain business activities or change the manner in which we conduct ongoing operations. When we make such a change, we will estimate the costs to exit a business or restructure ongoing operations. The components of the estimates may include estimates and assumptions regarding the timing and costs of future events and activities that represent our best expectations based on known facts and circumstances at the time of estimation. Should circumstances warrant, we will adjust our previous estimates to reflect what we then believe to be a more accurate representation of expected future costs. Because our estimates and assumptions regarding impairment and restructuring charges include probabilities of future events, such as expected operating results, future economic conditions, the ability to find a sublease tenant within a reasonable period of time or the rate at which a sublease tenant will pay for the available space, such estimates are inherently subject to changes due to unforeseen circumstances that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Adverse changes in any of these factors could result in additional impairment and restructuring charges in the future.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market for our equity securities has been extremely volatile. Our stock price could suffer in the future as a result of any failure to meet the expectations of public market analysts and investors about our results of operations from quarter to quarter. The following factors could cause the price of our common stock in the public market to fluctuate significantly:

Our ability to use U.S. net operating loss carryforwards might be limited.

As of December 31, 2016, we had net operating loss carryforwards of $289.6 million for U.S. federal tax purposes. These loss carryforwards expire between 2018 and 2036. To the extent these net operating loss carryforwards are available; we intend to use them to reduce the corporate income tax liability associated with our operations. Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that might be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone significant changes in stock ownership. To the extent our use of net operating loss carryforwards is limited, our income could be subject to corporate income tax earlier than it would if we were able to use net operating loss carryforwards, which could result in lower profits.

We may face litigation and liability due to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights and due to our customers' use of our IT infrastructure services.

The IT infrastructure services industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent infringement. From time-to-time, third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business. Any claims that our IT infrastructure services infringe or may infringe proprietary rights of third parties, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could negatively impact our operating results. In addition, our customer agreements generally require us to indemnify our customers for expenses and liabilities resulting from claimed infringement of patents or copyrights of third parties, subject to certain limitations. If an infringement claim against us were to be successful, and we were not able to obtain a license to the relevant technology or a substitute technology on acceptable terms or redesign our services or products to avoid infringement, our ability to compete successfully in our market would be materially impaired.

In addition, our customers use our IT infrastructure services to operate and run certain aspects and functions of their businesses. From time-to-time, third parties may assert that our customers' businesses, including the business aspects and functions for which they use our IT infrastructure services, infringe patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret or other intellectual property or legal rights. Our customers' businesses may also be subject to regulatory oversight, governmental investigation, data breaches and lawsuits by their customers, competitors or other third parties based on a broad range of legal theories. Such third parties may seek to hold us liable on the basis of contributory or vicarious liability or other legal theories. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could negatively impact our operating results. If any such claim against us were to be successful, damages could be material and our ability to compete successfully in our market would be materially impaired.

Provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could prevent a change in control even if the change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and provisions of Delaware law, could discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of our company. These provisions are intended to protect stockholders' interests by providing our board of directors a means to attempt to deny coercive takeover attempts or to negotiate with a potential acquirer in order to obtain more favorable terms. Such provisions include a board of directors that is classified so that only one-third of directors stand for election each year. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions.

Actions of stockholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management's attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business.

We have been, and may be in the future, subject to proposals by stockholders urging us to take certain corporate actions. If stockholder activities develop, our business could be adversely affected as responding to proxy contests or stockholder proposals and reacting to other actions by stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of management and our employees. We may be required to retain the services of various professionals to advise us on certain stockholder matters, including legal, financial and communications advisors, the costs of which may negatively impact our future financial results. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership created as a consequence of stockholder initiatives may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, harm our ability to attract new investors, customers, employees, and cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility or stagnation.

Concentration of ownership among our certain large stockholders and their affiliates may limit the influence of new investors on corporate decisions and the interests of such large stockholders may materially differ from your interests.

A majority of our outstanding shares are held by a relatively small number of our stockholders. As a result, if some of these stockholders vote in an aligned manner, they could be capable of meaningfully influencing the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or sale of our company or its assets. This  concentration  of ownership could limit the ability of other  stockholders  to influence corporate matters and may delay or preclude an acquisition or cause the market price of our stock to decline. Some of these persons or entities may have interests that may materially differ from the rest of our stockholders.

The trading price of our common stock may decline if our stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock or if we issue a large number of new shares of our common stock.

A majority of our outstanding shares of common stock are held by a relatively small number of our stockholders. A sale of a substantial number of our shares in the public market by our significant stockholders or pursuant to new issuances by us could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We recently completed a private placement of common stock pursuant to which we agreed to file and maintain a registration statement for the resale of such stockholders' shares and to provide various assistance in connection with offerings or other sales of such shares. The applicable registration statement imposes financial penalties on us if we fail to have an effective registration statement for the shares by a specific deadline or upon the occurrence of certain other events. If the registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC on or prior to that date, the Company will make pro rata payments to the Purchasers in an amount equal to 1.5% of the aggregate purchase price initially paid for such registrable securities, for each 30-day period or pro rata for any portion thereof following May 23, 2017 for which the registration statement has not been declared effective. Any such sale or issuance of common stock could have material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, new issuances of common stock by us would dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders.

If we are unable to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements as set forth in The NASDAQ Listing Rules, our common stock could be delisted from The NASDAQ Global Market, and if this were to occur, then the price and liquidity of our common stock and our ability to raise additional capital could be adversely affected.

Our common stock is currently listed on The NASDAQ Global Market. Continued listing of a security on The NASDAQ Global Market is conditioned upon compliance with certain continued listing requirements set forth in the NASDAQ Listing Rules. There can be no assurance we will continue to satisfy the requirements for listing on the NASDAQ Global Market.

In the last year, our common stock has closed, at times, below $1.00 per share. If we are not able to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards as set forth in the NASDAQ Listing Rules for NASDAQ Global Market companies, our common stock will likely be delisted from The NASDAQ Global Market and an associated decrease in liquidity in the market for our common stock may occur. If, for 30 consecutive business days, we fail to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC will notify us of the compliance failure. In accordance with applicable listing rules, NASDAQ will grant a compliance period to regain compliance with the minimum bid price rule. We intend to cure any minimum bid price compliance deficiency by taking actions to increase the trading price of our common stock, including such actions as effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. The delisting of our common stock could materially adversely affect our access to the capital markets, and any limitation on liquidity or reduction in the price of our common stock could materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. Delisting from The NASDAQ Global Market could also result in the potential loss of confidence by our business partners and suppliers, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

Because we do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, stockholders will benefit from an investment in our common stock only if it appreciates in value.

We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business and do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future on our common stock. In addition, the terms of our debt instruments impose limitations on our ability to pay dividends. As a result, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which stockholders have purchased their shares.

Risks Related to our Substantial Indebtedness

If we are unable to comply with the restrictions and covenants in our credit agreement or other debt agreements, there would be a default under the terms of these agreements, and this could result in an acceleration of payment of funds that have been borrowed or may have other material adverse effects on our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our existing credit agreement requires us to, among other things, meet certain financial covenants related to (i) our maximum total leverage ratio, (ii) our minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio, (iii) limitations on our capital expenditures and (iv) other negative and reporting covenants. These covenants protect the lenders and limit our ability to make certain operating and business decisions in the face of changing market dynamics. These covenants can be waived by the lenders. However, the cost of obtaining waivers, which could be material, must be weighed against the opportunity created by adjusting the covenants. In addition, our credit facility create liens on a majority our assets.

If we do not satisfy these covenants, we would be in default under the credit agreement. Any defaults, if not waived or cured, could result in our lenders ceasing to make loans or extending credit to us, accelerating or declaring all or any obligations immediately due or taking possession of or liquidating collateral. Defaults on our credit agreement could cause cross-defaults under other agreements or have negative impacts on other commercial arrangements with vendors that provide services to us. If any of these events occur, we may not be able to borrow sufficient funds to refinance the credit agreement on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or obtain a waiver or forbearance of the covenants, which could materially and adversely impact our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Also, our ability to access sources of liquidity or the capital markets may be limited at a time when we would like or need to do so, which could have an impact on our flexibility to pursue expansion opportunities and maintain our desired level of revenue growth in the future.

During 2016, we entered into the second amendment to our credit facility (the "Second Amendment") to, among other things, amend the interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio covenants to make them less restrictive and increase the applicable margin for the revolving credit facility and term loan by 1.0%. Absent the Second Amendment, we would have been unable to comply with our covenants in the credit facility. In January 2017, we entered into the third amendment to our credit facility (the "Third Amendment"), which became effective in February 2017. The Third Amendment, among other things, amended the credit agreement to make each of the interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio covenants less restrictive and to decrease the maximum level of permitted capital expenditures. Absent the Third Amendment we may not have been able to comply with our covenants in the credit agreement. We can make no assurances that we will be able to comply with our covenants in the future or whether we will be able to obtain future amendments or waivers of the covenants in our financing agreements and instruments, if necessary, upon acceptable terms or at all. Furthermore, future amendments or waivers may place future restrictions on our ability to engage in certain activities, as well as increase the cost of our financing.

We currently have a significant amount of debt which we may not be able to repay when due. Any failure to meet or repay our debt or meet our debt obligations and other long-term commitments would have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

As of December 31, 2016, our total debt, including capital leases, was $380.4 million. Our second secured first lien revolving credit facility ("revolving credit facility") matures on November 26, 2018 and our senior secured first lien term loan facility ("term loan") matures on November 26, 2019. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before the maturity thereof or incur additional debt. Our significant level of debt could make it more difficult for us to obtain additional debt financing in the future. In addition, if we raise additional funds by incurring additional debt, we will incur increased debt service costs or be subject to increased interest rates and may become subject to more restrictive financial and other covenants which could limit our ability to operate our business as we desire. We can make no assurances that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

If our financial performance weakens or if we are unable to make interest or principal payments when due, meet our covenants or amend our credit facility to modify the covenants, we may default under our credit facility. Such default would result in all principal and interest becoming due and payable, if not waived. This would have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If a waiver is required we may not be able to obtain the waiver or it could come at a material cost to us.

We also have other long-term commitments for operating leases and service and purchase contracts. If we are unable to make payments when due, we would be in breach of contractual terms of the agreements, which may result in disruptions of our services which, in turn, would have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our significant amount of indebtedness could materially adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and ability to compete in our industry.

Our significant amount of indebtedness could materially adversely affect us. For example, it could: require us to (i) dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows from operations and investing activities to make payments on our debt, which would reduce our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes, (ii) increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions (such as credit-related disruptions), (iii) place us at a competitive disadvantage to our competitors that have proportionately less debt or comparable debt at more favorable interest rates or on better terms; and (iv) limit our ability to react to competitive pressures, or make it difficult for us to carry out capital spending that is necessary or important to our strategy. Any of these factors could materially adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and ability to compete in our industry.

To service our significant indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. However, our ability to generate cash depends on many factors many of which are beyond our control.

Our ability to make payments on and refinance our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. If we use more cash than we generate in the future or fail to generate cash, our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our future operations by increasing our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions and by limiting or prohibiting our ability to obtain additional financing for future capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate and other purposes. We can make no assurances that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs. In these circumstances, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. Without this financing, we could be forced to sell assets or secure additional financing to make up for any shortfall in our payment obligations under unfavorable circumstances. However, we may not be able to secure additional financing on terms favorable to us or at all.

Disruptions in the financial markets or increases in interest rates could affect our ability to obtain debt or equity financing or to refinance our existing indebtedness on reasonable terms (or at all), could increase the cost of servicing our debt and have other adverse effects on us.

Disruptions in the commercial credit markets could result in a tightening of credit markets or an increase in interest rates or borrowing rates. The effects of credit market disruptions in the past were widespread, and it is impossible to predict future credit markets or interest rates. As a result, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing or to refinance our existing indebtedness on favorable terms or at all which could affect our strategic operations and our financial performance and force modifications to our operations. In addition, if interest rates increase between the time an existing financing arrangement is consummated and the time such financing arrangement is refinanced, the cost of servicing our debt would increase and our liquidity and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which could, if not remediated, adversely affect our ability to report our financial condition and results of operations in a timely and accurate manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. In Item 9A, "Controls and Procedures" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

As a result of the material weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2016. The assessment was based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. We are actively engaged in remediating the material weakness, but our remediation efforts are not complete and are ongoing. If our remedial measures are insufficient to address the material weakness, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control are discovered or occur in the future, it may materially adversely affect our ability to report our financial condition and results of operations in a timely and accurate manner and impact investor confidence in our Company. Although we continually review and evaluate internal control systems to allow management to report on the sufficiency of our internal controls, we cannot assure you that we will not discover additional weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The next time we evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, if we identify one or more new material weaknesses or are unable to timely remediate our existing weakness, we may be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock and possibly impact our ability to obtain future financing on acceptable terms, if at all.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our principal executive offices are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Our Atlanta headquarters consists of 62,000 square feet under a lease, with renewal options, that expires in 2019.

Leased data center facilities in our top markets include Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Montreal, New York metro area, Northern California and Seattle. We believe our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms as needed.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to other legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "INAP." The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low per share sales prices of our common stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. Our fiscal year ends on December 31.

As of March 1, 2017, we had approximately 588 stockholders of record of our common stock. This does not include persons whose stock is in nominee or "street name" accounts through brokers.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We are prohibited from paying cash dividends under our credit agreement and do not anticipate paying any such dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain our earnings, if any, for future growth. Future dividends on our common stock, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our operations, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information regarding our current equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2016 (shares in thousands):

In 2016, we issued 179,598 shares of common stock to our non-employee directors under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan. We relied on the exemption set forth under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

We have no publicly announced plans or programs for the repurchase of securities. The following table sets forth information regarding our repurchases of securities for each calendar month in the quarter ended December 31, 2016:

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

We have derived the selected financial data shown below from our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read the following in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes provided under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2016 Highlights and Outlook

Internap is a leading technology provider of Internet infrastructure services. INAP's global high-capacity network connects 15 company-controlled Tier 3-type data centers in major markets in North America, 34 wholesale partnered facilities, and points of presence in 26 central business districts around the world.

In 2016, we continued to focus our sales team efforts to the more profitable parts of our business, specifically core data center services, which includes company-controlled colocation, hosting and cloud services. Shifting our product mix to higher margin core data center services allows us to more efficiently utilize our company-controlled data center space and increase the revenue per square foot of occupied space. Additionally, we believe our ability to increase average revenue per customer is indicative of not only the trend toward companies outsourcing their IT services, but also reflective of our ability to capture a larger proportion of the enterprise customers spend for high-performance IT infrastructure services.

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") margin, a non-GAAP performance measure, increased 250 basis points to 27.5% for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 25.0% for the same period in 2015. We calculate adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA, defined below in "-Non-GAAP Financial Measures," as a percentage of revenues. We will continue to focus on enhancing margin in 2017 through product mix shift, product offerings and other efficiency initiatives.

In 2016, we also made substantial changes to our management team, including hiring Peter D. Aquino as Chief Executive Officer, Robert Dennerlein as Chief Financial Officer, Richard Diegnan as General Counsel . The executive team has accomplished a significant amount of change since joining our Company including engaging in the credit agreement amendment and equity capital raises discussed in note 15 that should have us positioned for growth in 2017.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe all successful companies need to compete well in three dimensions: market, product/technology and execution.

Market

We compete in a large addressable market that has experienced recent growth between 10% (Data Center and Network Services) and 20% (Cloud Bare Metal Market) and we believe that there is additional growth for the types of products and services we provide. In addition, the market remains fragmented and, given our competitively differentiated products and services, we believe we have an opportunity for growth among a number of different customers. Our ability to take advantage of this market depends, in large part, on effective positioning with our target customers who understand and value the performance capabilities of our offerings. We will continue to market our products and services to customers seeking solutions in our two segments.

Product

At a high level, there are two primary strategies to successfully compete in the IT infrastructure services market. The first strategy is to compete on scale and low pricing. The second strategy is to compete as a value-added solutions provider with a differentiated and integrated product utilizing proprietary technology. We are pursuing this second strategy. Our high-performance, reliable infrastructure services using proprietary solutions position us to compete with a performance-based value proposition. We continue to prudently invest in innovation through our commitment to research and development, talent acquisition, open source technology, key technological partnerships and patentable technology to enhance our differentiated high-performance value proposition, in the areas of cloud, hosting and patented IP.

Execution

We put in place key growth initiatives towards the end of 2016 designed to significantly improve INAP's operating performance and successfully execute against 2017 goals. We completed phase I of cost reductions and attracted an experience, senior management team to help lead the Company to profitable growth. Areas of focus will include recapitalization of our balance sheet, salesforce productivity initiatives, proactive churn migration, right sizing the business and headcount, account management and new and enhanced product and service offerings. We will continue to focus on these and other initiatives with a goal to drive growth and efficiencies. We expect these initiatives to drive stockholder value over the next 12 to 18 months.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. We present the non-GAAP performance measures of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin, discussed above in "-2016 Highlights and Outlook," to assist us in the evaluation of underlying performance trends in our business, which we believe will enhance investors' ability to analyze trends in our business , and the evaluation of our performance relative to other companies. We define adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net loss plus depreciation and amortization, interest expense; provision (benefit) for income taxes, other expense (income), loss (gain) on disposals of property and equipment, exit activities, restructuring and impairments, stock-based compensation, strategic alternatives and related costs, organizational realignment costs and acquisition costs.

As a non-GAAP financial measure, adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, net loss, income from operations or other GAAP measures as an indicator of operating performance. Our calculation of adjusted EBITDA may differ from others in our industry and is not necessarily comparable with similar titles used by other companies.

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA to net loss as presented in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those summarized below. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances; the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

In addition to our significant accounting policies summarized in note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements, we believe the following policies are the most sensitive to judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenues primarily from the sale of data center services, including colocation, hosting and cloud, and IP services. Our revenues typically consist of monthly recurring revenues from contracts with terms of one year or more and we typically recognize the monthly minimum as revenue each month. We record installation fees as deferred revenue and recognize the revenue ratably over the estimated customer life, which was approximately five years for 2016 and six years for 2015 and 2014.

We routinely review the collectability of our accounts receivable and payment status of our customers. If we determine that collection of revenue is uncertain, we do not recognize revenue until collection is reasonably assured. Additionally, we maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments on accounts receivable. We base the allowance for doubtful accounts on our historical write-offs as a percentage of revenue. We assess the payment status of customers by reference to the terms under which we provide services or goods, with any payments not made on or before their due date considered past-due. Once we have exhausted all collection efforts, we write the uncollectible balance off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. We routinely perform credit checks for new and existing customers and require deposits or prepayments for customers that we perceive as being a credit risk. In addition, we record a reserve amount for potential credits to be issued under our service level agreements and other sales adjustments.

Goodwill and Other Intangible and Long-lived Assets

Our annual assessment of goodwill for impairment, performed each year on August 1 absent any impairment indicators or other changes that may cause more frequent analysis, includes comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying value, referred to as "step one." We estimate fair value using a combination of discounted cash flow models and market approaches. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is necessary. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we perform a second test, referred to as "step two," to measure the amount of impairment to goodwill, if any. To measure the amount of any impairment, we determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if we were acquiring the affected reporting unit in a business combination. Specifically, we allocate the fair value of the affected reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical calculation that would yield the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet, we record an impairment charge for the difference.

We base the impairment analysis of goodwill on estimated fair values. Our assumptions, inputs and judgments used in performing the valuation analysis are inherently subjective and reflect estimates based on known facts and circumstances at the time we perform the valuation. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to, discount rates; terminal growth rates; projected revenues and costs; projected EBITDA for expected cash flows; market comparables and capital expenditures forecasts. The use of different assumptions, inputs and judgments, or changes in circumstances, could materially affect the results of the valuation. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results could differ from our estimates and could result in additional non-cash impairment charges in the future.

Other intangible assets have finite lives and we record these assets at cost less accumulated amortization. We record amortization of acquired technologies using the greater of (a) the ratio of current revenues to total and anticipated future revenues for the applicable technology or (b) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated useful life. We amortize the cost of the acquired technologies over their useful lives of five to eight years and 10 to 15 years for customer relationships and trade names. We assess other intangible assets and long-lived assets on a quarterly basis whenever any events have occurred or circumstances have changed that would indicate impairment could exist. Our assessment is based on estimated future cash flows directly associated with the asset or asset group. If we determine that the carrying value is not recoverable, we may record an impairment charge, reduce the estimated remaining useful life or both.

Property and Equipment

We carry property and equipment at original acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We calculate depreciation and amortization on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives used for network equipment are generally five years; furniture, equipment and software are three to seven years; and leasehold improvements are the shorter of the lease term or their estimated useful lives. We capitalize additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset. We expense maintenance and repairs as incurred. We charge gains or losses from disposals of property and equipment to operations.

Exit Activities and Restructuring

When circumstances warrant, we may elect to exit certain business activities or change the manner in which we conduct ongoing operations. If we make such a change, we will estimate the costs to exit a business, location, service contract or restructure ongoing operations. The components of the estimates may include estimates and assumptions regarding the timing and costs of future events and activities that represent our best expectations based on known facts and circumstances at the time of estimation. If circumstances warrant, we will adjust our previous estimates to reflect what we then believe to be a more accurate representation of expected future costs. Because our estimates and assumptions regarding exit activities and restructuring charges include probabilities of future events, such as our ability to find a sublease tenant within a reasonable period of time or the rate at which a sublease tenant will pay for the available space, such estimates are inherently vulnerable to changes due to unforeseen circumstances that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. We monitor market conditions at each period end reporting date and will continue to assess our key assumptions and estimates used in the calculation of our exit activities and restructuring accrual.

Income Taxes

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. We measure the tax benefits recognized in our accompanying consolidated financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the provision for income taxes and we accrue such items beginning in the period that such interest and penalties would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that we recognize the related tax benefits.

We maintain a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value. Although we consider the potential for future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if we determine we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to reduce the valuation allowance would increase net income in the period we made such determination. We may recognize deferred tax assets in future periods if and when we estimate them to be realizable and supported by historical trends of profitability and expectations of future profits within each tax jurisdiction.

Based on an analysis of our historic and projected future U.S. pre-tax income, we do not have sufficient positive evidence to expect a release of our valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets currently or within the next 12 months; therefore, we continue to maintain the full valuation allowance in the U.S.

Based on an analysis of past 12 quarters and projected future pre-tax income, we concluded that there is no longer sufficient positive evidence to support U.K.'s deferred tax assets position. Therefore, we established a full valuation allowance against U.K. deferred tax assets in 2015. U.K. continues to have a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in 2016.

We reached the same conclusion regarding our foreign jurisdictions, other than Canada, Germany and the Netherlands. Accordingly, we continue to maintain the full valuation allowance in all foreign jurisdictions, other than Canada, Germany and the Netherlands.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award. We recognize the expense over the employee's requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the award. The fair value of restricted stock is the market value on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with weighted average assumptions for the activity under our stock plans. Option pricing model input assumptions, such as expected term, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate, impact the fair value estimate. Further, the forfeiture rate impacts the amount of aggregate compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop.

The expected term represents the weighted average period of time that we expect granted options to be outstanding, considering the vesting schedules and our historical exercise patterns. Because our options are not publicly traded, we assume volatility based on the historical volatility of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding to the expected option term. We have also used historical data to estimate option exercises, employee termination and stock option forfeiture rates. Changes in any of these assumptions could materially impact our results of operations in the period the change is made.

Capitalized Software Costs

We capitalize internal-use software development costs incurred during the application development stage. Amortization begins once the software is ready for its intended use and is computed based on the straight-line method over the economic life. Judgment is required in determining which software projects are capitalized and the resulting economic life.

We capitalize certain costs associated with software to be sold. Capitalized costs include all costs incurred to produce the software or the purchase price paid for a master copy of the software that will be sold. Internally incurred costs to develop software are expensed when incurred as research and development costs until technological feasibility is established.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data during the periods presented, including comparative information between the periods (dollars in thousands):

Revenues

We generate revenues primarily from the sale of data center services, IP services and cloud and hosting services.

Direct Costs of Sales and Services

Direct costs of sales and services are comprised primarily of:

If a network access point is not colocated with the respective ISP, we may incur additional local loop charges on a recurring basis. Connectivity costs vary depending on customer demands and pricing variables while P-NAP facility costs are generally fixed. Direct costs of network, sales and services do not include compensation, depreciation or amortization.

Direct Costs of Customer Support

Direct costs of customer support consist primarily of compensation and other personnel costs for employees engaged in connecting customers to our network, installing customer equipment into P-NAP facilities and servicing customers through our NOCs. In addition, direct costs of customer support include facilities costs associated with the NOCs, including costs related to servicing our data center customers.

Sales, General and Administrative

Sales, general and administrative costs consist primarily of costs related to sales and marketing, compensation and other expense for executive, finance, product development, human resources and administrative personnel, professional fees and other general corporate costs.

Segment Information

Effective January 1, 2016, as further described in note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, we operate in two business segments: data center and network services and cloud and hosting services. Segment results for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Segment profit is calculated as segment revenues less direct costs of sales and services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization for the segment, and does not include direct costs of customer support. We view direct costs of sales and services as generally less-controllable, external costs and we regularly monitor the margin of revenues in excess of these direct costs. We also view the costs of customer support to be an important component of costs of revenues, but believe that the costs of customer support are more within our control and, to some degree, discretionary in that we can adjust those costs by managing personnel needs. We also have excluded depreciation and amortization from segment profit because it is based on estimated useful lives of tangible and intangible assets. Further, we base depreciation and amortization on historical costs incurred to build out our deployed network and the historical costs of these assets may not be indicative of current or future capital expenditures.

Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

Data Center and Network Services

Revenues for data center and network services decreased 6%, to $200.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $213.0 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to $11.0 million of lower IP connectivity revenue related to the continued decline in pricing for new and renewing customers and loss of legacy contracts and a $2.5 million decrease in partner colocation revenue, offset by a net $1.7 million increase in company-controlled colocation revenue.

Direct costs of data center and network services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased 6%, to $98.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $104.1 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to lower variable costs related to a decline in revenue and cost reduction efforts.

Cloud and Hosting Services

Revenues for cloud and hosting services decreased 7% to $97.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $105.3 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease is primarily due to the continued negative impact of churn from a small number of large customers.

Direct costs of cloud and hosting services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased 5%, to $25.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $27.3 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to lower variable costs related to a decline in revenue.

Other Operating Costs and Expenses

Compensation . Total compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, were $66.3 million and $81.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a $10.0 million decrease in cash-based compensation and bonus, a $3.8 decrease in stock-based compensation and a $1.0 million decrease in severance.

Stock-based compensation, net of amount capitalized, decreased to $5.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $8.8 million during the same period in 2015. The decrease is primarily due to executive transition awards in the prior year for our former chief executive officer, reversal of stock-based compensation expense due to terminations and a decrease in the fair value of stock options awards. The following table summarizes the amount of stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures, included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

Direct Costs of Customer Support. Direct costs of customer support decreased to $32.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $36.5 million during the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.6 million decrease in cash-based compensation and bonus from reduced headcount, a $0.7 million decrease in professional fees and a $0.7 million decrease in stock-based compensation.

Sales, General and Administrative. Sales, general and administrative costs decreased to $70.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $81.3 million during the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a $7.2 million decrease in cash-based compensation and bonus from reduced headcount, a $3.0 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $2.8 million decrease in marketing costs, a $1.0 million decrease in severance and a $0.6 million decrease in facility costs, partially offset by a $4.5 million increase in organizational realignment costs and strategic alternatives and related costs and a $1.2 million increase in professional fees.

Goodwill Impairment. As discussed in note 6, we determined that the fair value of each of our IP services, IP products and DCS reporting units, all included in our Data Center and Network Services segment, was below its book value. Accordingly, we performed step two of our assessment and recorded an initial impairment estimate of $78.2 million. In the fourth quarter of 2016 we finalized step two of our assessment and recorded an additional $1.9 million in impairment to goodwill. As of December 31, 2016, no goodwill remains in our Data Center and Network Services segment. The fair value of our Cloud and Hosting Services and Hosting Products reporting units within our Cloud and Hosting Services segment exceeds the carrying value of those reporting units.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased to $76.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $92.7 million during the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to the additional amortization expense in the prior year of $14.0 million for the accelerated useful life of the iWeb trade name.

Exit Activities, Restructuring and Impairments . Exit activities, restructuring and impairments increased to $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $2.3 million during the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to severance costs and facility exit costs of $4.0 million, impairments of internal-use computer software development costs of $1.6 million and impairments related to available for sale software of $1.6 million.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased to $30.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $27.6 million during the same period in 2015. T he increase is primarily due to the higher interest rate from the April 2016 debt amendment and increased borrowings on the revolving credit facility.

Provision (benefit) for Income Taxes . Provision for income taxes increased to $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $(3.7) million during the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to the positive change in the operational results of iWeb with respect to the U.K., we maintain a full reserve against the net deferred tax assets, set up in 2015, with no additional reserve recorded in 2016.

Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014

Data Center and Network Services

Revenues for data center and network services decreased 6%, to $213.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $226.5 million for the same period in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to a $10.2 million of lower IP connectivity revenue related to the continued decline in pricing for new and renewing customers and loss of legacy contracts and a $5.2 million decrease in partner colocation revenue, offset by a net $1.9 million increase in company-controlled colocation revenue. The IP connectivity and company-controlled revenue variances above are shown net of the impact of $1.3 million and $5.0 million reduction in revenue, respectively, resulting from customer churn as we migrated out of the New York metro data center into our Secaucus data center.

Direct costs of data center and network services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased 10%, to $104.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $115.8 million for the same period in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to the New York metro data center migration, lower variable costs related to a decline in revenue and cost reduction efforts.

Cloud and Hosting Services

Revenues for cloud and hosting services decreased 3% to $105.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $108.4 million for the same period in 2014. The decrease is primarily due to churn driven by the acquisition of a large customer by a third party.

Direct costs of cloud and hosting services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased 6%, to $27.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $29.1 million for the same period in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to lower variable costs related to a decline in revenue.

Other Operating Costs and Expenses

Compensation . Total compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, were $81.1 million and $81.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Stock-based compensation, net of amount capitalized, increased to $8.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $7.2 million during the same period in 2014. The increase was due to a net $1.8 million of executive transition stock-based compensation awards and forfeitures, partially offset by a net $0.7 million for the decreased vesting of awards in connection with the iWeb acquisition. The following table summarizes the amount of stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures, included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

Direct Costs of Customer Support. Direct costs of customer support decreased to $36.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $36.8 million during the same period in 2014.

Sales, General and Administrative. Sales, general and administrative costs decreased to $81.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $81.9 million during the same period in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.5 million decrease in cash-based compensation from reduced headcount and bonus accrual, a $0.7 million decrease in taxes, a $0.7 million decrease in commissions and a $1.6 million decrease in marketing programs, partially offset by executive transition costs of $1.7 million for bonus and severance, a net $1.8 million in executive transition stock-based compensation awards and $1.1 million in strategic alternatives and related costs for legal and other professional fees.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased to $92.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $81.2 million during the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to the effects of expanding our company-controlled data centers, including increased power capacity and servers, network infrastructure and capitalized software, and $14.0 million of additional amortization expense for the accelerated useful life of the iWeb trade name. We summarize the acceleration of the iWeb trade name in note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The total increase of depreciation and amortization was partially offset by a decrease in the amortization of an intangible asset that we fully amortized in early 2015 resulting in less amortization expense in 2015 than in 2014.

Exit Activities, Restructuring and Impairments . Exit activities and impairments decreased to $2.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $4.5 million during the same period in 2014. The decrease was primarily due the more significant charges during the same period in 2014 related to initial exit activity charges related to ceasing use of a portion of data center space and subsequent plan adjustments.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased to $27.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $26.7 million during the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to increased borrowings under our credit agreement.

B enefit for Income Taxes . Benefit for income taxes increased to $3.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 from $1.4 million during the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to the change in benefit for the operational results of iWeb, partially offset by a $1.7 million reserve recorded against U.K. net deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Credit Agreement

During 2013, we entered into a $350.0 million credit agreement, which provides for an initial $300.0 million term loan, due November 26, 2019, and a $50.0 million revolving credit facility, due November 26, 2018. We summarize the credit agreement in note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we entered into an amendment to our credit agreement (the "Second Amendment"), which among other things, amended the interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio covenants to make them less restrictive and increased the applicable margin for revolving credit facility and term loan by 1.0%. We paid a one-time aggregate fee of $1.7 million to the lenders for the Second Amendment. Absent the Second Amendment we would not have been able to comply with our covenants in the credit agreement.

We subsequently entered into a third amendment to the credit agreement (the "Third Amendment") on January 26, 2017, which was effective on February 28, 2017, upon repayment of indebtedness with the proceeds from our equity offering, as described in note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Third Amendment, among other things, amends the credit agreement (i) to make each of the interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio covenants less restrictive and (ii) to decrease the maximum level of permitted capital expenditures. Absent the Third Amendment, we may not have been able to comply with our covenants in the credit agreement.

As of December 31, 2016, the revolving credit facility had an outstanding balance of $35.5 million and we issued $4.2 million in letters of credit, resulting in $10.3 million in borrowing capacity. As of December 31, 2016, the term loan had an outstanding principal amount of $291.0 million, which we repay in $750,000 quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter, with the remaining unpaid balance due November 26, 2019. As of December 31, 2016, the interest rate on the revolving credit facility was 6.1% and term loan was 7%.

The terms of our credit agreement specify certain events which would be considered an event of default. These events include the failure to comply with financial or other covenants, a failure to make a payment under the credit agreement, a change of control of the Company or certain proceedings related to insolvency. Upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, and subject to any applicable grace or cure period, lenders may demand immediate payment in full of all indebtedness outstanding under the credit facility, terminate their obligations to make any loans or advances or issue any letter of credit, set off and apply any and all deposits held by any lender for the credit or account of any borrower.

The credit agreement, as amended, includes customary representations, warranties, negative and affirmative covenants, including certain financial covenants relating to maximum total leverage ratio, minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio and limitation on capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with these covenants.

The table below sets forth information with respect to the financial covenants included in third amended credit agreement as well as the calculation of our performance in relation to the covenant requirements at December 31, 2016.

(1) The maximum total leverage ratio decreases to 5.0 to 1 as of March 31, 2017, 5.0 as of June 30, 2017, 5.0 to 1 as of September 30, 2017, 5.0 to 1 as of December 31, 2017, 4.75 to 1 as of March 31, 2018, 4.75 to 1 as of June 30, 2018, 4.5 to 1 as of September 30, 2018, 4.5 to 1 as of December 31, 2018, 4.25 to 1 as of March 31, 2019, 4.25 to 1 as of June 30, 2019 and 4.0 to 1 as of September 30, 2019 and thereafter.

(2) The minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio increases to 2.5 to 1 as of March 31, 2017, 2.5 as of June 30, 2017, 2.5 to 1 as of September 30, 2017, 2.5 to 1 as of December 31, 2017, 2.65 to 1 as of March 31, 2018, 2.75 to 1 as of June 30, 2018, 2.85 as of September 30, 2018, 2.95 to 1 as of December 31, 2018, 3.0 to 1 as March 31, 2019, 3.1 to 1 as of June 30, 2019 and 3.2 to 1 as of September 30, 2019 and

thereafter.

(3) The limitation on capital expenditures decreases to $50 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Refer to Note 10 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information about our credit agreement.

General –Sources and Uses of Capital

On an ongoing basis, we require capital to fund our current operations, expand our IT infrastructure services, upgrade existing facilities or establish new facilities, products, services or capabilities and to fund customer support initiatives, as well as various advertising and marketing programs to facilitate sales. As of December 31, 2016, we had $10.3 million of borrowing capacity under our credit facility. Together with our cash and cash equivalents the Company's liquidity as of December 31, 2016, was $20.7 million.

As of December 31, 2016, we had a deficit of $15.9 million in working capital, which represented an excess of current liabilities over current assets. We believe that cash flows from operations, together with our cash and cash equivalents and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. If our cash requirements vary materially from our expectations or if we fail to generate sufficient cash flows from our operations or if we fail to implement our cost reduction strategies, we may require additional financing sooner than anticipated. We can offer no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing on commercially favorable terms, or at all, and provisions in our credit agreement limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness. Our anticipated uses of cash include capital expenditures of approximately $42 million in 2017, working capital needs and required payments on our credit agreement and other commitments. We intend to reduce expenses through implementing cost reductions through such strategies as reorganizing our business units, right-sizing headcounts and streamlining other operational aspects of our business. However, there can be no guarantee that we will achieve any of our cost reduction goals.

We have a history of quarterly and annual period net losses. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we had a net loss of $124.7 million. As of December 31, 2016, our accumulated deficit was $1.3 billion. We may not be able to achieve profitability on a quarterly basis, and our failure to do so may adversely affect our business, including our ability to raise additional funds.

Our sources of capital include, but are not limited to, funds derived from selling our services and results of our operations, sales of assets, borrowings under our credit facility, the issuance of debt or equity securities or other possible recapitalization transactions. Our short term and long term liquidity depend primarily upon the funds derived from selling our services, working capital management (cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other liabilities), bank borrowings, reducing costs and bookings net of churn. In an effort to increase liquidity and generate cash, we may pursue sales of non-strategic assets, reduce our expenses, amend our credit facility, pursue sales of debt or equity securities or other recapitalization transactions, or seek other external sources of funds.

On February 22, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement") with certain Purchasers (the "Purchasers"), pursuant to which the Company issued to the Purchasers an aggregate of 23,802,850 shares of the Company's common stock at a price of US$1.81 per share, for the aggregate purchase price of US$43,083,158.50, which closed on February 27, 2017. The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants. Conditions for the agreement include: (i) the Company to use the funds of the sale of such common stock to repay indebtedness under the Credit Agreement, (ii) a 90-day "lock-up" period whereby the Company is restricted from certain sales of equity securities and (iii) the Company to pay certain transaction expenses of the Purchasers up to $100,000. The Company used $38.5 million of the proceeds to pay down our credit facility.

Capital Leases. Our future minimum lease payments on all remaining capital lease obligations at December 31, 2016 were $53.9 million. We summarize our existing capital lease obligations in note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Commitments and Other Obligations. We have commitments and other obligations that are contractual in nature and will represent a use of cash in the future unless the agreements are modified. Service and purchase commitments primarily relate to IP, telecommunications and data center services. Our ability to improve cash provided by operations in the future would be negatively impacted if we do not grow our business at a rate that would allow us to offset the purchase and service commitments with corresponding revenue growth. As discussed in note 15, under our registration rights agreement, dated February 22, 2017. If the registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC on or prior to that date, the Company will make pro rata payments to the Purchasers in an amount equal to 1.5% of the aggregate purchase price initially paid for such registrable securities, for each 30-day period or pro rata for any portion thereof following May 23, 2017 for which the registration statement has not been declared effective.

The following table summarizes our commitments and other obligations as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2016. Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $46.4 million. We generated cash from operations of $45.3 million, while changes in operating assets and liabilities provided cash from operations of $1.1 million. We expect to use cash flows from operating activities to fund a portion of our capital expenditures and other requirements and to meet our other commitments and obligations, including outstanding debt.

Year Ended December 31, 2015 . Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $40.2 million. We generated cash from operations of $52.5 million, while changes in operating assets and liabilities used cash from operations of $12.3 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2014. Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2014 was $53.2 million. We generated cash from operations of $52.6 million, while changes in operating assets and liabilities generated cash from operations of $0.6 million.

Investing Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2016. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $45.7 million, primarily due to capital expenditures. These capital expenditures were related to the continued expansion and upgrade of our company-controlled data centers and network infrastructure.

Year Ended December 31, 2015. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $57.2 million, primarily due to capital expenditures. These capital expenditures were related to the continued expansion and upgrade of our company-controlled data centers and network infrastructure.

Year Ended December 31, 2014. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2014 was $75.7 million, primarily due to capital expenditures of $77.4 million, net of equipment sale-leaseback proceeds. Capital expenditures related to the continued expansion and upgrade of our company-controlled data centers and network infrastructure.

Financing Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2016. Net cash used by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $8.1 million, primarily due to $4.5 million of proceeds received from the revolving credit facility, partially offset by principal payments of $12.5 million on our credit agreement and capital lease obligations.

Year Ended December 31, 2015. Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $15.3 million, primarily due to $21.0 million of proceeds received from the revolving credit facility and a net $4.3 million proceeds from stock option activity, partially offset by principal payments of $10.9 million on our credit agreement and capital lease obligations.

Year Ended December 31, 2014. Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2014 was $7.9 million, primarily due to $10.0 million of proceeds received from the revolving credit facility and a return of deposit collateral of $6.5 million, partially offset by principal payments of $8.9 million on our credit agreement and capital lease obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Other than our operating leases, we do not engage in off-balance sheet financial arrangements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Other Investments

Prior to 2013, we invested $4.1 million in Internap Japan. We account for this investment using the equity method and we have recognized $1.1 million in equity-method losses over the life of the investment, representing our proportionate share of the aggregate joint venture losses and income. The joint venture investment is subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Our objective in managing interest rate risk is to maintain favorable long-term fixed rate or a balance of fixed and variable rate debt within reasonable risk parameters. During 2016, we had an interest rate swap with a notional amount starting at $150.0 million through December 30, 2016 with an interest rate of 1.5%. We summarize our interest rate swap activity in note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2016, our long-term debt consisted of $291.0 million borrowed under our term loan and $35.5 million borrowed under our revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2016, the interest rate on the term loan and revolving credit facility was 7% and 6.1%, respectively. We summarize the credit agreement in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Capital Resources-Credit Agreement" and in note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

We are required to pay a commitment fee at a rate of 0.50% per annum on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility, payable quarterly in arrears. In addition, we are required to pay certain participation fees and fronting fees in connection with standby letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.

We estimate that a change in the interest rate of 100 basis points would change our interest expense and payments by $3.3 million per year, assuming we do not increase our amount outstanding.

Foreign Currency Risk

As of December 31, 2016, the majority of our revenue was in U.S. dollars. However, our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We also have exposure to foreign currency transaction gains and losses as the result of certain receivables due from our foreign subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we realized foreign currency losses of $0.5 million and we recorded unrealized foreign currency translation losses of less than $0.1 million, which we included in "Other comprehensive (loss) income," both in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As we grow our international operations, our exposure to foreign currency risk could become more material.

We have foreign currency contracts to mitigate the risk of a portion of our Canadian employee benefit expense. These contracts will hedge foreign exchange variations between the United States and Canadian dollar through June 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded unrealized gains of $0.6 million, which we included in "Other comprehensive income (loss)," in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our accompanying consolidated financial statements, financial statement schedule and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm appear in Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our report on internal control over financial reporting appears in Item 9A of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our senior management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2016, due to the existence of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)  . Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in "Internal Control-Integrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, issued in 2013.

Based on this assessment, our management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, due to the existence of the material weakness described below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We did not design and maintain effective internal controls over the review of cash flow forecasts used in support of certain fair value estimates. Specifically, the review of cash flow forecasts used in our capitalized software impairment test, goodwill impairment test, long-lived asset impairment test and going concern assessment was not designed and maintained at an appropriate level of precision and rigor commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. This control deficiency resulted in immaterial audit adjustments to capitalized software assets in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016. Additionally, this control deficiency could result in a misstatement of the aforementioned account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, our management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered certified public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

Plan for Remediation

We have taken and are currently taking actions to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and are implementing additional processes and controls designed to address the underlying causes associated with the above mentioned material weakness. We are in the process of reassessing the design of our review control over the forecasted cash flows utilized in the related impairment models and going concern assessment to add greater precision to detect and prevent material misstatements, including the establishment of processes and controls to evaluate adequate review and inquiry over data and assumptions for financial forecasts.

As the Company continues to evaluate and work to improve internal control over financial reporting, the Company may determine to take additional measures to address the material weakness or determine to modify the remediation efforts described above. Until the remediation efforts discussed above, including any additional remediation efforts that the Company identifies as necessary, are implemented, tested and deemed to be operating effectively, the material weakness described above will continue to exist.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None .

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We will include information regarding our directors and executive officers in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017, which we will file within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Conduct

We have adopted a code of conduct that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. A copy of the code of conduct is available on our website at  www.internap.com  by clicking on the "Investor Relations-Corporate Governance-Governance Overview-Code of Conduct" links. We will furnish copies without charge upon request at the following address: Internap Corporation, Attn: SVP and General Counsel, One Ravinia Drive, Suite 1300, Atlanta, Georgia 30346.

If we make any amendments to the code of conduct other than technical, administrative or other non-substantive amendments, or grant any waivers, including implicit waivers, from the code of conduct, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver, its effective date and to whom it applies on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

We will include information regarding executive compensation in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017, which we will file within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

We will include information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017, which we will file within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated herein by reference.

The information under the heading "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

We will include information regarding certain relationships, related transactions and director independence in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017, which we will file within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

We will include information regarding principal accountant fees and services in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017, which we will file within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Item 15(a)(1). Financial Statements . The following consolidated financial statements are filed herewith:

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

Item 15(a)(3). Exhibits . The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Internap Corporation:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Internap Corporation and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 ) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the review of cash flow forecasts used in support of certain fair value estimates existed as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2016 consolidated financial statements and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Atlanta, GA

March 13, 2017

INTERNAP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

INTERNAP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

INTERNAP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the Three Years Ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.