Green Dot Corp (GDOT) SEC Quarterly Report (10-Q) for Q1 2018

__________________________________________________

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

OR

For the transition period from            to

Commission file number 001-34819

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ☑

There were 51,925,496 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, par value $.001 per share as of April 30, 2018 .

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Note 1-Organization

Green Dot Corporation ("we," "our," or "us" refer to Green Dot Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries) is a pro-consumer bank holding company and financial technology innovator with a mission to reinvent personal banking for the masses. We employ a unique "products and platform" operating model whereby we use our banking and technology assets to design, build and distribute our branded financial services products directly to consumers through a large-scale omni-channel national distribution platform, while also allowing qualified third party partners to access those same banking and technology assets to design, build and distribute their own bespoke financial services directly to their consumers through their own distribution platforms. Through our six revenue divisions and our subsidiary bank, Green Dot Bank, we are a leading provider of prepaid cards, debit cards, checking accounts, secured credit cards, payroll debit cards, consumer cash processing services, wage disbursements and tax refund processing services. With approximately 100,000 major name U.S. retail stores selling our products, several leading direct-to-consumer websites, thousands of tax preparation offices, several apps available in the two leading app stores and distribution through several enterprise-scale "Banking as a Service," or "BaaS," partnerships, we are one of the most broadly distributed banking franchises in the United States. We are headquartered in Pasadena, California, with additional facilities throughout the United States and in Shanghai, China.

As the regulated entity and issuing bank for substantially all products and services we provide, whether our own or on behalf of a BaaS platform partner, we are directly accountable for all aspects of each program's integrity, inclusive of ensuring the program's compliance with all applicable banking regulations, applicable state and federal law and our various internal governance policies and procedures related to all areas of risk and compliance, in addition to deploying enterprise-class risk management practices and procedures to ensure each program's initial and ongoing safety and soundness.

Our products and services:

We offer consumers a broad collection of financial products and services managed through several diverse business lines which are then made available to consumers through a widely-available "branchless" distribution network in the United States. Many of the products and services we internally create and distribute are marketed under the Green Dot brand name, which we believe is both a well-known and highly trusted brand name for millions of consumers. Our branchless network consists of:

Our products and services include several deposit account programs, such as network-branded reloadable prepaid debit cards marketed under several leading consumer brand names, which we collectively refer to as "GPR cards," consumer checking accounts, small business checking accounts, network-branded gift cards (known as open-loop), secured credit cards and other financial services.

We also offer several products and services that specialize in facilitating the movement cash on behalf of consumers and businesses. These products and services include: our proprietary swipe reload system for crediting cash onto an enabled payment card by swiping the payment card at the point of sale at any Green Dot Network participating retailer; MoneyPak, a product that allows a consumer to add funds to accounts we issue or accounts issued by other United States chartered and regulated third party banks; and e-cash remittance services, a service that allows a consumer

Note 1-Organization (continued)

to transfer money to a smartphone for fulfillment at a Green Dot participating retailer. We refer to these services collectively as our cash transfer products. We also provide disbursement services through our Simply Paid platform that enables a payment solution for companies to pay their workforce and customers in the time and manner they desire and provide tax refund transfers that provide the processing technology to facilitate receipt of a taxpayers' refund proceeds.

Our BaaS Platform:

Through our BaaS Platform, we currently power the following types of products and services on behalf of several of America's largest retail, consumer, technology and financial services companies:

Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP. We consolidated our wholly-owned subsidiaries and eliminated all significant intercompany balances and transactions.

We have also prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, consequently, they do not include all of the annual disclosures required by GAAP. Reference is made to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2017 for additional disclosures, including a summary of our significant accounting policies. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2018 , other than the adoption of the accounting pronouncements discussed below. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, except as otherwise noted, necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements    

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04,  Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASU 2017-04") : Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , which simplifies the existing two-step guidance for goodwill impairment testing by eliminating the second step resulting in a write-down to goodwill equal to the initial amount of impairment determined in step one. The ASU is to be applied prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASU 2017-04 on our consolidated financial statements, however, we do not anticipate it will have a material impact upon adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13") that requires financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses limited by the amount that the fair value is less than amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,  Leases (Topic 842)  ("ASU 2016-02") in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for leases with a term greater than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods, using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,  Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)  ("ASU 2014-09"), and has since been modified through additional technical corrections since its original issuance (collectively ASC 606). ASU 2014-09 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09, is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. The standard defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under previous GAAP. The standard allows companies to apply either a full retrospective approach, which requires applying the standard to each prior year reporting period presented, or a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment recognized upon adoption. We adopted the provisions of the standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which did not result in any cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings nor did it have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The adoption of ASU 2014-09, however, requires expanded disclosures under the new guidance. See Note 3 - Revenues for further information and additional discussion around changes identified to our policies under the new accounting pronouncement.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 revises the classification and measurement of investments in certain equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for certain financial liabilities measured at fair value. ASU 2016-01 requires the change in fair value of many equity investments to be recognized in net income. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, the result of which did not have any impact upon our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18"), to require that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Consequently, transfers between cash and restricted cash will not be presented as a separate line item in the operating, investing or financing sections of the cash flow statement. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to each period presented. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018, the effect of which resulted in an immaterial reclassification in presentation on our statement of cash flows, but had no affect on our consolidated financial results.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"). Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02 as of December 31, 2017, the result of which did not have a material impact upon our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3-Revenues

Adoption of ASC 606

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts which were not completed upon adoption, the impact of which did not result in any cumulative adjustment to our retained earnings. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting policies.

The impact of our adoption of ASC 606 was limited to a change in presentation of certain incentive agreements. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, incentive payments with our retail distributors and other partners had generally been recorded as a reduction to revenues over the related period of benefit the incentive payment related. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, such payments are classified as sales and marketing expenses since these contractual arrangements have been determined to be outside the scope of contracts with our customers under the new accounting standard. The total amount of incentive payments recognized was $1.8 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 .

Accounting Policy Update

Our operating revenues consist of card revenues and other fees, processing and settlement service revenues and interchange revenues. The core principle of the new revenue standard is that these revenues will be recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, as determined under a five-step process.

A description of our principal revenue generating activities is as follows:

Card Revenues and Other Fees

Card revenues and other fees consist of monthly maintenance fees, new card fees, ATM fees, and other card revenues. We earn these fees based upon the underlying terms and conditions with each of our cardholders that obligate us to stand ready to provide account services to each of our cardholders over the contract term. Agreements with our cardholders are considered daily service contracts as they are not fixed in duration.

We charge maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in the applicable cardholder agreements. We recognize monthly maintenance fees ratably over each day in the monthly bill cycle in which the fee is assessed, which represents the period our cardholders receive the benefits of our services and our performance obligation is satisfied.

We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a new card in a retail store. The new card fee provides our cardholders a material right and accordingly, we defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over our average card lifetime, which is currently five months for our GPR cards and six months for our gift cards. We determine the average card lifetime based on our recent historical data for comparable products. We measure card lifetime for our GPR cards as the time, inclusive of reload activity, between sale (or activation) of the card and the date of the last positive balance. We measure the card lifetime for our gift cards as the redemption period during which cardholders initiate the substantial majority of their transactions. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. We report the unearned portion of new card fees as a component of deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. See Contract Balances below for further information.

We charge ATM fees to cardholders when they withdraw money at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements. We recognize ATM fees when the withdrawal is made by the cardholder, which is the point in time our performance obligation is satisfied and service is transferred. Since our cardholder agreements are considered daily service contracts, our performance obligations for these types of transactional based fees are satisfied on a daily basis, or as each transaction occurs.

Other revenues consist primarily of revenue associated with our gift card program, transaction-based fees and fees associated with optional products or services, which we offer our cardholders at their election. Since our performance obligations are settled daily, we recognize most of these fees at the point in time the transactions occur which is when the underlying control of the services are transferred. In the case of our gift card program, we record the related revenues using the redemption method.

Note 3-Revenues (continued)

Substantially all our fees are collected from our cardholders at the time the fees are assessed and debited from their account balance.

Processing and Settlement Service Revenues

Our processing and settlement services consist of cash transfer revenues, Simply Paid disbursement revenues, and tax refund processing service revenues.

We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase our cash transfer products (reload services) in a retail store. Our reload services are subject to the same terms and conditions in each of the applicable cardholder agreements as discussed above. We recognize these revenues at the point in time the reload services are completed. Similarly, we earn Simply Paid disbursement fees from our business partners as payment disbursements are made.

We earn tax refund processing service revenues when a customer of a third-party tax preparation company chooses to pay their tax preparation fee through the use of our tax refund processing services. Revenues we earn from these services are generated from our contractual relationships with the tax software transmitters. These contracts may be multi-year agreements and vary in length, however, our underlying promise obligates us only to process each refund transfer on a transaction by transaction basis as elected by the taxpayer. Accordingly, we recognize tax refund processing service revenues at the point in time we remit each taxpayer's proceeds from his or her tax return.

Interchange

We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchant's bank, which are based on rates established by the payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, when account holders make purchase transactions using our card products and services. We recognize interchange revenues at the point in time the transactions occur, as our performance obligation is satisfied.

Principal vs Agent

For all our significant revenue-generating arrangements, we record revenues on a gross basis except for our tax refund processing service revenues which are recorded on a net basis.

Disaggregation of Revenues

Our products and services are offered only to customers within the United States. We determine our operating segments based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our operations, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. Within our segments, we believe that the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows and how they are affected by economic factors can be further illustrated based on the timing in which revenue for each of our products and services is recognized.

The following table disaggregates our revenues by the timing in which the revenue is recognized:

Within our Account Services segment, revenues recognized at a point in time are comprised of ATM fees, interchange, and other similar transaction-based fees. Revenues recognized over time consists of new card fees, monthly maintenance fees and revenue earned from gift cards. Substantially all of our processing and settlement services are recognized at a point in time.

Refer to Note 18- Segment Informatio n for our revenues disaggregated by our products and services and the components to our total operating revenues on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for additional information.

Note 3-Revenues (continued)

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Transaction prices related to our account services are based on stand-alone fees stated within the terms and conditions, however, may also include certain elements of variable consideration depending upon the product's features, such as cardholder incentives, monthly fee concessions and reserves on accounts that may become overdrawn. We estimate such amounts using historical data or customer behavior patterns to determine these estimates which are allocated accordingly as a reduction to the corresponding fee revenue. Additionally, while the number of transactions that a cardholder may perform is unknown, any uncertainty is resolved at the end of each daily service contract.

Contract Balances

As disclosed on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, we record deferred revenue for any upfront payments received in advance of our performance obligations being satisfied. These contract liabilities consist principally of unearned new card fees and monthly maintenance fees, of which we recognized approximately $18.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 that were included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. We did not recognize any revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2018 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. Changes in the deferred revenue balance are driven primarily by the amount of new card fees recognized during the period, offset by the amount of new cards sold.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract are derived primarily from revenue share payments we make to our retail partners associated with new card sales. These commissions are generally capitalized upon payment and expensed over the period the corresponding revenue is recognized. These deferred commissions are not material and are included in deferred expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Any unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the period relate to contracts with customers that either have an original expected length of one year or less or are contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. Therefore, no additional disclosure is provided for these performance obligations.

Note 4-Business Combination

On February 28, 2017, we completed our acquisition of all the membership interests of UniRush, LLC ("UniRush"), an online direct-to-consumer GPR card and corporate payroll card provider. The fair value of the total consideration in connection with the acquisition was approximately $163.7 million , which included cash and contingent consideration in the form of an earn-out. We financed the transaction with $142.2 million in cash, of which $95 million was raised from a combination of our Revolving Facility, as discussed in Note 10 - Note Payable , and subordinated notes payable of $20 million to the selling shareholders of UniRush. The subordinated notes were repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The transaction terms include an earn-out equal to the greater of (i) a specified percentage of the revenue generated by the online direct-to-consumer GPR card portfolio for the five-year period following the closing or (ii) $20 million , payable quarterly over the five years.

The following table summarizes the fair value of consideration transferred:

Note 4-Business Combination (continued)

The allocation of the purchase price was as follows:

Goodwill of approximately  $93.4 million represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the underlying identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The goodwill arises from the opportunity for synergies and economies of scale from the combined companies, and expanding our reach into the online direct-to-consumer and corporate payroll distribution channels. Although the goodwill will not be amortized for financial reporting purposes, it is anticipated that substantially all of the goodwill will be deductible for federal tax purposes over the statutory period of 15 years.

Intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and trade name of approximately $58.5 million and $5.5 million , respectively. The customer relationships will be amortized over its estimated useful life of 5 - 10 years and the trade name will be amortized over a period of 15 years .

Our acquisition of UniRush was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, with the operating results of UniRush included in our consolidated statements of operations beginning March 1, 2017. Transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition were not material.

Unaudited pro forma financial information

The following unaudited pro forma summary financial results present the consolidated results of operations as if the acquisition of UniRush had occurred as of January 1, 2017, after the effect of certain adjustments, including interest expense on the debt used to fund the purchase, amortization of certain identifiable intangible assets, income and expense items not attributable to ongoing operations and related tax effects. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations does not include any adjustments for any restructuring activities, operating efficiencies or cost savings. The pro forma results have been presented for comparative purposes only and are not indicative of what would have occurred had the UniRush acquisition been made as of January 1, 2017, or of any potential results which may occur in the future.

Note 5-Investment Securities

Our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale investment securities that were in unrealized loss positions were as follows:

We did not record any other-than-temporary impairment losses during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017 on our available-for-sale investment securities. We do not intend to sell these investments and we have determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.

Note 5-Investment Securities (continued)

As of March 31, 2018 , the contractual maturities of our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

The expected payments on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual maturities because the issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Note 6-Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following:

Note 7-Loans to Bank Customers

The following table presents total outstanding loans, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, and a summary of the related payment status:

Secured Credit Card Loans

On August 31, 2017, we completed an asset acquisition of a secured credit card portfolio for approximately $8.1 million . In exchange for the payment, we received approximately $8.2 million of secured credit card receivables. All of our credit card receivables are collateralized by the cardholders' security deposits, which also acts as the cardholders' credit limit.

Nonperforming Loans

The following table presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our nonperforming loans. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming.

Credit Quality Indicators

We closely monitor and assess the credit quality and credit risk of our loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. We continuously review and update loan risk classifications. We evaluate our loans using non-classified or classified as the primary credit quality indicator. Classified loans are those loans that have demonstrated credit weakness where we believe there is a heightened risk of principal loss, including all impaired loans. Classified loans are generally internally categorized as substandard, doubtful or loss, consistent with regulatory guidelines.

Note 7-Loans to Bank Customers (continued)

The table below presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our loans within the primary credit quality indicators related to our loan portfolio:

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

When, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, we grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to a borrower that we would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a Troubled Debt Restructuring, or TDR. Our TDR modifications involve an extension of the maturity date at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. The following table presents our impaired loans and loans that we modified as TDRs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 :

Allowance for Loan Losses

Activity in the allowance for loan losses consisted of the following:

Note 8-Employee Stock-Based Compensation

We currently grant restricted equity awards to employees and directors under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. Additionally, through our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, employees are able to purchase shares of our Class A common stock at a discount through payroll deductions. We have reserved shares of our Class A common stock for issuance under these plans.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock units with only service conditions granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:

Note 8-Employee Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

Performance Based Restricted Stock Units

We grant performance-based restricted stock units to certain employees which are subject to the attainment of minimum pre-established annual performance targets. The majority of these awards are tied to the achievement of an annual non-GAAP earnings per share target for the grant year. The actual number of shares subject to the award is determined at the end of the annual performance period and may range from zero to 150% percent of the target shares granted. These awards contain an additional service component after each annual performance period is concluded and the unvested balance of the shares determined at the end of the annual performance period will vest over the remaining requisite service period. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the four -year vesting period based on the fair value of the closing market price of our Class A common stock on the date of the grant and the estimated performance that is expected to be achieved. In the case of our Chief Executive Officer, vesting of the award is based on the achievement of a total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the S&P 600 index over the three -year performance period. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized over the performance period based on the grant date fair value through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation and are not subsequently re-measured.

The following table summarizes the performance-based restricted stock units granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan:

The total stock-based compensation expense recognized was $9.4 million and $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense includes amounts related to awards of stock options, restricted stock units (including performance-based restricted stock units) and purchases under our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Note 9-Deposits

Deposits are categorized as non-interest or interest-bearing deposits as follows:

Note 9-Deposits (continued)

The scheduled contractual maturities for total time deposits are presented in the table below:

Note 10-Note Payable

In October 2014, we entered into a  $225.0 million  secured credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as an administrative agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and the other lenders party thereto. The credit agreement provides for 1) a  $75.0 million five year revolving facility (the "Revolving Facility") and 2) a  five  year $150.0 million  term loan facility ("Term Facility" and, together with the Revolving Facility, the "Senior Credit Facility"). The credit agreement also includes an accordion feature that, subject to securing additional commitments from existing lenders or new lending institutions, will allow us to increase the aggregate amount of these facilities by up to an additional  $50.0 million .

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , our outstanding debt, net of deferred financing costs of $2.5 million and $2.9 million , respectively, consisted of the following:

Quarterly principal payments of $5.6 million are payable on the loans under the Term Facility. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 , we made scheduled quarterly principal payments totaling $5.6 million . The Senior Credit Facility matures on October 23, 2019 and any amounts then outstanding are due upon maturity.

Interest

At our election, loans made under the credit agreement bear interest at 1) a LIBOR rate (the "LIBOR Rate") or 2) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the Bank of America prime rate, (b) the United States federal funds rate plus  0.50%  and (c) a daily rate equal to one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%  (the "Base Rate"), plus in either case an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings depends on our total leverage ratio and varies from 2.50%  to  3.00%  for LIBOR Rate loans and  1.50%  to  2.00%  for Base Rate loans. The effective interest rate on borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2018 was 4.38% . Interest expense, excluding the amortization of debt issuance costs, related to our Senior Credit Facility was $0.9 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

Covenants and restrictions

The Senior Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties relating to us and our subsidiaries. Obligations under the Senior Credit Facility are secured by first priority liens on, and security interests in, substantially all of our company assets and each Guarantor, as defined in the agreement. The Senior Credit Facility also contains certain affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants that limit or restrict, among other things, liens, indebtedness, investments and acquisitions, mergers and fundamental changes, asset sales, restricted payments, changes in the nature of the business, transactions with affiliates and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. We must maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter, as set forth in the credit agreement. At March 31, 2018 , we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Note 11-Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes. The sources and tax effects of the differences are as follows:

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law and makes significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective in 2018, the Tax Act reduced the US federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments, eliminated certain deductions and enhanced and extended through 2026 the option to claim accelerated depreciation deductions on qualified property.

Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, we have made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in our financial statements as of December 31, 2017. We remeasured deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the permanent reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and recorded a provisional tax benefit of $6.3 million . We also analyzed the transition tax on accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings and made a provisional determination that we have no additional tax obligation. As we collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret the Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies, we may make adjustments to the provisional amounts including estimates for certain employment compensation. Those adjustments may materially impact our provision for income taxes and effective tax rate in the period in which the adjustments are made. The SEC has provided up to a one-year measurement period for companies to finalize the accounting for the impacts of this new legislation and we anticipate finalizing our accounting over the coming quarters.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and 35%, respectively, primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal tax benefits, general business credits and employee stock-based compensation. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 is primarily due to the decrease in the statutory federal tax rate noted above and higher excess tax benefits related to stock compensation as a result of an increase in the value of our stock price.

We establish a valuation allowance when we consider it more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017 , we did not have a valuation allowance on any of our deferred tax assets as we believed it was more-likely-than-not that we would realize the benefits of our deferred tax assets.

We are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and various state tax authorities. We remain subject to examination of our federal income tax return for the years ended December 31, 2014 through 2016. We generally remain subject to examination of our various state income tax returns for a period of four to five years from the respective dates the returns were filed.

As of March 31, 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $37.7 million and $33.7 million for federal and state tax purposes, respectively, which will be available to offset future income. If not used, these carryforwards will expire between 2020 and 2035. In addition, we have state business tax credits of approximately $9.8 million that can be carried forward indefinitely and other state business tax credits of approximately $1.2 million that will expire between 2023 and 2027.

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , we had a liability of $6.7 million and $5.6 million , respectively, for unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters excluding interest, penalties and related tax benefits. The reconciliation of the beginning unrecognized tax benefits balance to the ending balance is as follows:

Note 11-Income Taxes (continued)

As of March 31, 2018 and 2017 , we recognized accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $1.3 million and $1.2 million , respectively.

Note 12-Stockholders' Equity

Stock Repurchase Program

In June 2015, our Board of Directors authorized, subject to regulatory approval, a repurchase of shares of our Class A Common Stock in an amount up to $150 million under a stock repurchase program with no expiration date. As of November 2017, we have repurchased all $150 million of Class A common stock under the repurchase program.

Accelerated Share Repurchases

We have entered into accelerated share repurchase arrangements ("ASRs") with a financial institution from time to time under our stock repurchase program. The following table summarizes our ASR activity for the prior year comparative period:

In exchange for an up-front payment in March 2017, the financial institution delivered 1.3 million shares of our Class A common stock.

The up-front payments are accounted for as a reduction to shareholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheets in the periods the payments are made. The ASRs are accounted for in two separate transactions: 1) a treasury stock repurchase for the initial shares received and 2) a forward stock purchase contract indexed to our own stock for the unsettled portion of the ASR. The par value of the shares received are recorded as a reduction to common stock with the remainder recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and retained earnings.  The ASRs meet all of the applicable criteria for equity classification, and therefore are not accounted for as derivative instruments. The initial repurchase of shares result in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. The final number of shares received upon settlement for the ASR is determined based on the volume-weighted average price of our common stock over the term of the agreement less an agreed upon discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR. The shares received are retired in the periods they are delivered, but remain authorized for registration and issuance in the future.

Note 13-Earnings per Common Share

The calculation of basic and diluted EPS was as follows:

For the periods presented, we excluded certain restricted stock units and stock options outstanding (as applicable) which could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future, from the computation of diluted EPS as their effect was anti-dilutive. Additionally, we have excluded any performance based restricted stock units for which the performance contingency has not been met as of the end of the period. The following table shows the weighted-average number of shares excluded from the diluted EPS calculation:

Note 14-Fair Value Measurements

Under applicable accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable accounting guidance which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs used to measure fair value.

For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy and how we measure fair value, see  Note 2–Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2017 .