UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number; including area code:

(630) 515-7700

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☑      No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ☑      No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨      No  ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

January 25, 2018 - 60,277,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value 

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1: INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The interim Consolidated Financial Statements include accounts of Adtalem Global Education Inc. ("Adtalem") and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. Adtalem's wholly-owned subsidiaries include:

In addition, Adtalem maintains a 97.9% ownership interest in Adtalem Education of Brazil ("Adtalem Brazil") and a 34% equity interest in Neev Knowledge Management Private Limited ("Edupristine").

These financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial condition and results of operations of Adtalem.

The interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto contained in Adtalem's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 and Adtalem's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, each as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

The results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire fiscal year.

NOTE 2: DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

On December 4, 2017, Adtalem announced the signing of a definitive agreement to divest DeVry University, pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of a stock purchase agreement with Cogswell Education, LLC, with an expected closing date occurring in early fiscal year 2019. The decision to divest was made based on changes in strategic direction for the Adtalem portfolio of institutions. As the potential sale represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on Adtalem's operations and financial results, Devry University is now presented in Adtalem's financial reporting as a discontinued operation. All periods presented disclose the assets and liabilities as held for sale, and operations and cash flows of DeVry University, which was previously a part of the U.S. Traditional Postsecondary reporting segment, as discontinued operations.

In the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, asset impairment charges of $47.2 million were recorded to write-down intangible assets, goodwill, and building and equipment to zero based on the fair value market value of the DeVry University operations. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, management also completed the sale of the DeVry University and Carrington co-located campus in Pomona, California, for $11.1 million, which was previously recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as held for sale for $11.3 million, resulting in a $0.2 million realized loss on sale of assets. The assets which were previously recorded as held for sale, the unrealized loss on assets held for sale and the loss on sale of assets associated with the Pomona, California, campus have all been classified within discontinued operations.

The following is a summary of balance sheet information of assets and liabilities reported as discontinued operations (in thousands).

The following is a summary of income statement information of operations reported as discontinued operations (in thousands).

NOTE 3: REGULATORY SETTLEMENTS

In the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, Adtalem, DeVry University Inc., and DeVry/New York Inc. (collectively, the "Adtalem Parties") and the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") agreed to a Stipulation as to Entry of an Order for Permanent Injunction and Monetary Judgment (the "Agreement") resolving litigation brought by the FTC regarding DeVry University's use of employment statistics in former advertising. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Adtalem Parties agreed to pay $49.4 million to be distributed at the sole discretion of the FTC, to forgive $30.4 million of institutional loans issued before September 30, 2015, and to forgive outstanding DeVry University accounts receivable balances by $20.2 million for former students. In addition, the Adtalem Parties agreed that Adtalem institutions marketing to U.S. consumers will maintain specific substantiation to support any future advertising regarding graduate outcomes and educational benefits, and will implement training and other agreed-upon compliance measures. Adtalem chose to settle the FTC litigation after filing an answer denying all allegations of wrongdoing.

In the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, Adtalem also recorded charges related to the resolution of an inquiry made by the Office of the Attorney General of the State of New York ("NYAG") to the Adtalem Parties regarding DeVry University's use of employment and salary statistics in former advertising. The Adtalem Parties chose to resolve the NYAG inquiry by entering into an Assurance of Discontinuance (the "Assurance") with the NYAG on January 27, 2017, without admitting or denying the allegations therein. Pursuant to the Assurance, the Adtalem Parties agreed to pay $2.25 million for consumer restitution and $0.5 million in penalties, fees and costs. In addition, the Adtalem Parties agreed that Adtalem institutions marketing to New York consumers will maintain specific substantiation and present certain statistics as prescribed to support any future advertising regarding graduate outcomes and educational benefits, and will implement other agreed-upon compliance measures.

Student services and access to federal student loans are not impacted by the Agreement or the Assurance and at no time has the academic quality of a DeVry University education been questioned.

The regulatory settlements expense of $56.3 million recorded during the first six months of fiscal year 2017 consists of the $49.4 million cash payment to the FTC, the $4.1 million unreserved and expensed institutional loans and the $2.75 million cash payment to the NYAG. Of these regulatory settlement charges, $4.1 million is recorded within discontinued operations and $52.2 million was allocated to the Adtalem home office which is classified as "Home Office and Other" in "Note 15: Segment Information."

Additionally, in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, DeVry University reached a settlement agreement with the U.S. Department of Education ("ED") regarding its January 27, 2016 Notice of Intent to Limit ("Notice"). The Notice related narrowly to a specific graduate employment statistic previously used by DeVry University, calculated since 1975. The settlement includes, among other things, an agreement to no longer use the statistic in question or to make any other representations regarding the graduate employment outcomes of DeVry University graduates from 1975 to October 1980. DeVry University will also refrain from making any future graduate employment representations without possessing graduate-specific information, and, for five years after the effective date of the settlement, to post a letter of credit with ED equal to 10% of DeVry University's annual Title IV disbursement. A $68.4 million letter of credit was posted in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017 in relation to this requirement. Upon the close of the sale of DeVry University (see "Note 2: Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale"), Adtalem will continue to post this letter of credit on behalf of DeVry University. Also, as a result of the settlement agreement, DeVry University's participation in Title IV programs will be under provisional certification. The settlement in no way hinders DeVry University's ability to serve current or future students. DeVry University resolved the Notice in full cooperation with ED. The settlement allows DeVry University to continue communicating its strong student outcomes, while providing assurances regarding the extent of its graduate employment data.

NOTE 4: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Adtalem and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Where our ownership interest is less than 100%, but greater than 50%, the noncontrolling ownership interest is reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The noncontrolling ownership interest earnings portion is classified as "Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest" in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Unless indicated, or the context requires otherwise, references to years refer to Adtalem's fiscal years.

Equity Method Investment

The equity method of accounting is used for an investment where we have the ability to influence the operating and financial decisions of the investee but do not possess more than a 50% ownership interest. Generally, this occurs when the ownership interest is greater than 20%. The investment is initially recorded at cost and classified as Other Assets, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted in subsequent periods for Adtalem's share of the earnings or losses of the investee, which is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as Equity Method Investment Income (Loss).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits, high-grade commercial paper, money market funds and bankers acceptances with original maturities of three months or less. Short-term investment objectives are to minimize risk and maintain liquidity. These investments are stated at cost (which approximates fair value) because of their short duration or liquid nature. Adtalem places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. Cash and cash equivalent balances in U.S. bank accounts are generally in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limit. Cash and cash equivalent balances in Brazilian bank accounts are generally in excess of the deposit insurance limits for Brazilian banks. Adtalem has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents.

Management periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the security issuers and financial institutions with which it invests and maintains deposit accounts.

Financial Aid and Restricted Cash

A significant portion of revenue is received from students who participate in government financial aid and assistance programs which are subject to political and governmental budgetary considerations. There is no assurance that such funding will be maintained at current levels. Extensive and complex regulations in the U.S. and Brazil govern all of the government financial assistance programs in which students participate. Administration of these programs is periodically reviewed by various regulatory agencies. Any regulatory violation could be the basis for disciplinary action, which could include the suspension, limitation or termination from such financial aid programs.

Restricted cash represents amounts received from federal and state governments under various student aid grant and loan programs and such restricted funds are held in separate bank accounts. Once the financial aid authorization and disbursement process for the student has been completed, the funds are transferred to unrestricted accounts, and these funds then become available for use in Adtalem's operations. This authorization and disbursement process that precedes the transfer of funds generally occurs within the period of the academic term for which such funds were authorized.

Revenue Recognition

Tuition

Chamberlain, Adtalem Brazil higher education and Carrington tuition revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective applicable academic terms. In addition, AUC, RUSM and RUSVM basic science curriculum revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable academic term. The clinical portion of the AUC, RUSM and RUSVM education programs are conducted primarily in U.S. teaching hospitals and veterinary schools under the oversight of the institutions. AUC, RUSM and RUSVM are responsible for the billing and collection of tuition from their students during the period of clinical education. Revenue is recognized on a weekly basis based on actual program attendance during the period of the clinical program. Fees paid to the hospitals and veterinary schools to support the educational infrastructure required to train AUC, RUSM and RUSVM students are charged to expense on the same basis. Becker, ACAMS and Adtalem Brazil's live classroom test preparation, and Adtalem Brazil's online tuition revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable delivery period. Revenue from conferences and training services, which are generally short-term in duration, is recognized when the conference or training service is provided.

Other Educational

Sales of ACAMS subscriptions, membership dues and certifications, along with textbooks, electronic books and other educational products, including Becker and ACAMS self-study sales, are included in Other Educational Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Revenue from subscriptions and membership dues is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable subscription or membership period. Revenue from certifications is recognized when the certification process is complete. Textbooks, electronic books and other educational products revenue is recognized when the sale occurs. In addition, fees from international licensees of the Becker programs are included in Other Educational Revenue and recognized when confirmation of course delivery is received.

Refunds and Provisions

Estimates of Adtalem's expected refunds are determined at the outset of each academic term, based upon actual experience in previous terms. Inputs to this analysis include refunds issued, withdrawal rates and historical amounts owed by students for that portion of a term that was completed. Management reassesses collectability throughout the period revenue is recognized by the Adtalem institutions, on a student-by-student basis. This reassessment is based upon new information and changes in facts and circumstances relevant to a student's ability to pay. Management also reassesses collectability when a student withdraws from the institution and has unpaid tuition charges. Such unpaid charges do not meet the threshold of reasonably collectible and are recognized as revenue on a cash basis.

The provisions for refunds, which are reported as a reduction to Tuition Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), are recognized in the same ratable fashion as revenue to most appropriately match these costs with the tuition revenue in that term. Provisions for refunds were $4.6 million and $9.1 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and $4.0 million and $8.2 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.

Provisions for refunds are monitored and adjusted as necessary within the academic term and adjusted for actual refunds issued and withdrawn student accounts receivable balances at the completion of an academic term. If a student withdraws prior to completing an academic term, federal and state regulations and accreditation criteria permit Adtalem to retain only a set percentage of the total tuition received from such student, which varies with, but generally equals or exceeds, the percentage of the academic term completed by such student. Payment amounts received by Adtalem in excess of such set percentages of tuition are refunded to the student or the appropriate funding source. All refunds are netted against revenue during the applicable academic term. Reserves related to refunds and uncollectible accounts totaled $33.2 million, $30.6 million and $35.0 million at December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by analyzing the current aging of accounts receivable and historical loss rates on collections of accounts receivable. In addition, management considers projections of future receivable levels and collection loss rates. We monitor the inputs to this analysis periodically throughout the year. Provisions required to maintain the allowance at appropriate levels are charged to expense in each period as required. Provisions for uncollectible accounts, which are included in the Cost of Educational Services in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), were $5.1 million and $11.2 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and $6.4 million and $11.9 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.

Internal-Use Software Development Costs

Adtalem capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs that are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the software, not to exceed seven years. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of equipment, materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software and payroll-related costs for employees directly associated with the internal-use software development project. Capitalization of such costs ceases at the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software development costs for projects not yet complete are included as Construction in Progress in the Land, Building and Equipment section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the net balance of capitalized internal-use software development costs was $8.6 million, $11.8 million and $15.0 million, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Adtalem evaluates the carrying amount of its significant long-lived assets whenever changes in circumstances or events indicate that the value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Events that may trigger an impairment analysis could include a decision by management to exit a market or a line of business or to consolidate operating locations. In the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $23.4 million to write-down building, building improvements, furniture and equipment to zero based on the fair market value of the DeVry University operations, which is classified within discontinued operations. Additionally, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the campuses of AUC and RUSM were damaged from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, respectively. Based on current estimates, we recorded hurricane-related impairment charges to building, building improvements, furniture and equipment of $19.0 million and $29.9 million in the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, along with receivables for insurance reimbursements of these amounts, less deductibles, of $20.8 million as of December 31, 2017. The impairment charges are included in Cost of Educational Services in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For a discussion of the impairment review of goodwill and intangible assets see "Note 10: Intangible Assets."

Foreign Currency Translation

The financial position and results of operations of the AUC, RUSM and RUSVM Caribbean operations are measured using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. As such, there is no translation gain or loss associated with these operations. Adtalem Brazil's operations and Becker's and ACAMS's international operations are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these entities are translated to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Income and expense items are translated at monthly average exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are included in the component of Shareholders' Equity designated as Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. Transaction gains or losses during each of the three-month and six-month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were not material.

Noncontrolling Interest

Adtalem currently maintains a 97.9% ownership interest in Adtalem Brazil with the remaining 2.1% owned by members of the current Adtalem Brazil senior management group. The adjustment to increase or decrease the Adtalem Brazil noncontrolling interest each reporting period for its proportionate share of Adtalem Brazil's profit (loss) flows through the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) based on Adtalem's noncontrolling interest accounting policy.

Since July 1, 2015, Adtalem has had the right to exercise a call option and purchase any remaining Adtalem Brazil stock from Adtalem Brazil management. Likewise, Adtalem Brazil management has had the right to exercise a put option and sell its remaining ownership interest in Adtalem Brazil to Adtalem. Since the put option is out of the control of Adtalem, authoritative guidance requires the noncontrolling interest, which includes the value of the put option, to be displayed outside of the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Adtalem Brazil management put option is being accreted to its redemption value in accordance with the terms of the related stock purchase agreement. The adjustment to increase or decrease the put option to its expected redemption value each reporting period is recorded in retained earnings in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP").

The following is a reconciliation of the noncontrolling interest balance (in thousands):

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Adtalem by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus unvested participating restricted stock units ("RSUs"). Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Adtalem by the weighted average number of shares assuming dilution. As required by GAAP, because the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 resulted in a net loss from continuing operations, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Adtalem by the weighted average number of basic shares. Diluted shares are computed using the Treasury Stock Method and reflect the additional shares that would be outstanding if dilutive stock-based grants were exercised during the period. Excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share were outstanding stock-based grants representing 1,377,000 and 1,866,000 shares of common stock for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and 2,643,000 and 2,808,000 shares of common stock for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively. These outstanding stock-based grants were excluded because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares or the assumed proceeds upon exercise under the Treasury Stock Method resulted in the repurchase of more shares than would be issued; thus, their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following is a reconciliation of basic shares to diluted shares (in thousands):

Treasury Stock

Adtalem's Board of Directors (the "Board") has authorized share repurchase programs on ten occasions (see "Note 8: Dividends and Share Repurchase Programs"). The tenth share repurchase program was approved on February 16, 2017 and commenced in February 2017. Shares that are repurchased by Adtalem are recorded as Treasury Stock at cost and result in a reduction of Shareholders' Equity.

From time to time, shares of its common stock are delivered back to Adtalem under a swap arrangement resulting from employees' exercise of incentive stock options pursuant to the terms of the Adtalem Stock Incentive Plans (see "Note 5: Stock-Based Compensation"). In addition, shares of its common stock are delivered back to Adtalem for payment of withholding taxes from employees for vesting RSUs. These shares are recorded as Treasury Stock at cost and result in a reduction of Shareholders' Equity.

Treasury shares are reissued on a monthly basis, at market value, to the Adtalem Colleague Stock Purchase Plan in exchange for employee payroll deductions. When treasury shares are reissued, Adtalem uses an average cost method to reduce the Treasury Stock balance. Gains on the difference between the average cost and the reissuance price are credited to Additional Paid-in Capital. Losses on the difference are charged to Additional Paid-in Capital to the extent that previous net gains from reissuance are included therein, otherwise such losses are charged to Retained Earnings.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of revenue and expense reported during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss is composed of the change in cumulative translation adjustment, primarily at Adtalem Brazil, and unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of the effects of income taxes.

The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss balance at December 31, 2017, consists of $61.1 million of cumulative translation losses ($59.8 million attributable to Adtalem and $1.3 million attributable to noncontrolling interest) and $0.4 million of unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax of $0.2 million and all attributable to Adtalem. At June 30, 2017, this balance consisted of $59.4 million of cumulative translation losses ($58.1 million attributable to Adtalem and $1.3 million attributable to noncontrolling interest) and $0.3 million of unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax of $0.2 million and all attributable to Adtalem. At December 31, 2016, this balance consisted of $51.1 million of cumulative translation losses ($50.0 million attributable to Adtalem and $1.1 million attributable to noncontrolling interest) and $0.2 million of unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax of $0.1 million and all attributable to Adtalem.

Advertising Expense

Advertising costs are recognized as expense in the period in which materials are purchased or services are performed. Advertising expense, which is included in Student Services and Administrative Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), was $22.6 million and $49.0 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and $24.2 million and $48.5 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.

Hurricane Expense

AUC and RUSM were affected by hurricane events occurring in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. Adtalem recorded expenses of $30.3 million and $44.0 million associated with the evacuation process, temporary housing and transportation of students, faculty and staff, and incremental additional costs of teaching in alternate locations in the three months and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. Insurance proceeds and expected proceeds of $30.5 million and $39.8 million were recorded to offset these expenses in the three months and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. Based upon preliminary damage assessments of facilities, impairment write-downs of buildings, building improvements, furniture and equipment of $19.0 million and $29.9 million were recorded in the three and six months December 31, 2017, respectively. Expected insurance proceeds of $19.0 million and $20.8 million were recorded to offset these expenses in the three months and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. In total, no net expense was recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2017 and $13.4 million of net expense was recorded in Cost of Educational Services in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) for the six months ended December 31, 2017. The expense primarily represented the deductibles under insurance policies.

Restructuring Charges

Adtalem's financial statements include charges related to severance and related benefits for reductions in staff. These charges also include early lease termination or cease-of-use costs and accelerated depreciation and gains and losses on disposals of property and equipment related to campus and administrative office consolidations (see "Note 11: Restructuring Charges").

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18: "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash." This guidance was issued to address the diversity that exists in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendments will require that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Changes in the restricted cash balance will no longer be included as cash provided by or used in operating activities since these balances will now be included in the beginning and ending balances of cash in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, we retrospectively adopted this guidance. See "Reclassifications" section below within this footnote, which discusses the disclosure impact to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15: "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." This guidance was issued to address eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments are effective for the financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management has determined that our current accounting policies align with this guidance. Therefore, this guidance will have no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13: "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." This guidance was issued to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected losses on financial instruments by replacing the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses by requiring a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is evaluating the impact the guidance will have on Adtalem's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09: "Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This guidance was issued to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies will no longer be recorded to additional paid-in capital, but rather to income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, which may increase volatility in the income statement. An accounting policy election exists to account for forfeitures as they occur. Also, adoption will require changes to classification of certain stock-based compensation transactions on the statement of cash flows. The cash outflow from employee taxes paid when shares are withheld by the employer will be reclassified from operating activities to financing activities on the statement of cash flows. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we retrospectively adopted this guidance. We elected to account for forfeitures when they occur versus our prior practice of applying a forfeiture rate. The election resulted in a cumulative adjustment to increase retained earnings and decrease additional paid-in-capital, each by $0.6 million and the corresponding tax effect to decrease retained earnings and increase deferred tax assets, each by $0.2 million. See "Reclassifications" section below within this footnote, which discusses the disclosure impact to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02: "Leases (Topic 842)." This guidance was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing right-to-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is evaluating the impact the guidance will have on Adtalem's Consolidated Financial Statements and believes the adoption will impact the Consolidated Balance Sheet with significant increases in assets and liabilities.

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01: "Financial Instruments–Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." This guidance was issued to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. The guidance eliminates the classification of equity securities into different categories (that is, trading or available-for-sale) and requires equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. This guidance will require Adtalem to record the changes in the fair value of its available-for-sale equity investments through net income. Management anticipates the adoption will not have a significant impact on Adtalem's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09: "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This guidance was issued to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and develop a common revenue standard for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). The guidance is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adtalem will implement this guidance effective July 1, 2018 using the retrospective approach. Management is currently assessing Adtalem's revenue recognition policies and procedures, and based on the analysis performed to date, anticipates the adoption will not have a significant impact on Adtalem's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Reclassifications

Beginning in the third quarter of fiscal year 2017, we changed our reportable segments as described in "Note 15: Segment Information." Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current reportable segment presentation within the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, DeVry University is classified as discontinued operations as discussed in "Note 2: Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale." Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current classification. Certain expenses previously allocated to DeVry University within the U.S. Traditional Postsecondary segment have been reclassified to the Home Office and Other segment based on discontinued operation reporting guidance regarding allocation of corporate overhead. See "Note 15: Segment Information" for additional information.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, we retrospectively adopted ASU 2016-18: "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash." Under ASU 2016-18, changes in restricted cash is no longer included as cash provided by or used in operating activities since these balances are now included in the beginning and ending balance of cash in the statement of cash flows. In addition, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we retrospectively adopted ASU 2016-09: "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Under ASU 2016-09, cash outflows from employee taxes paid when shares are withheld are classified as a financing activity. Our prior practice classified these amounts as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. Therefore, we changed line items on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended December 31, 2016 based on adopting ASU 2016-09 and 2016-18 as follows (in thousands):

NOTE 5: STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Adtalem maintains three stock-based incentive plans: the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan, the Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2005 and the Fourth Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2013. Under these plans, directors, key executives and managerial employees are eligible to receive incentive stock or nonqualified options to purchase shares of Adtalem's common stock. The Fourth Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2013 and the Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2005 also permit the granting of stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance-based RSUs and other stock and cash-based compensation. Although options remain outstanding under the 2003 and 2005 incentive plans, no further stock-based grants will be issued from these plans. The Fourth Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2013 and the Amended and Restated Incentive Plan of 2005 are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board. Options are granted for terms of up to ten years and can vest immediately or over periods of up to five years. The requisite service period is equal to the vesting period. The option price under the plans is the fair market value of the shares on the date of the grant.

Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. Adtalem accounts for stock-based compensation granted to retirement eligible employees that fully vests upon an employee's retirement under the non-substantive vesting period approach. Under this approach, the entire stock-based compensation expense is recognized at the grant date for stock-based grants issued to retirement eligible employees. For non-retirement eligible employees, stock-based compensation expense is recognized as expense over the employee requisite service period. With the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on July 1, 2017, we account for forfeitures of outstanding but unvested grants in the period they occur.

At December 31, 2017, 8,797,617 authorized but unissued shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under Adtalem's stock-based incentive plans.

The following is a summary of options activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017:

The following is a summary of stock appreciation rights activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017:

The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

The fair value of Adtalem's stock option awards was estimated using a binomial model. This model uses historical cancelation and exercise experience of Adtalem to determine the option value. It also takes into account the illiquid nature of employee options during the vesting period.

The weighted average estimated grant date fair value of options granted at market price under Adtalem's stock-based incentive plans during the first six months of fiscal years 2018 and 2017 was $14.63 and $9.09, per share, respectively. The fair value of Adtalem's stock option grants was estimated assuming the following weighted average assumptions:

The expected life of the options granted is based on the weighted average exercise life with age and salary adjustment factors from historical exercise behavior. Adtalem's expected volatility is computed by combining and weighting the implied market volatility, the most recent volatility over the expected life of the option grant and Adtalem's long-term historical volatility. On February 16, 2017, Adtalem discontinued payment of cash dividends, resulting in the elimination of a dividend yield from the assumptions. The pre-vesting stock option forfeiture rate for fiscal year 2017 was based on Adtalem's historical stock option forfeiture experience. With the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on July 1, 2017, we account for forfeitures as they occur. Therefore, no pre-vesting stock option forfeiture rate applies for fiscal year 2018.

If factors change and different assumptions are employed in the valuation of stock-based grants in future periods, the stock-based compensation expense that Adtalem records may differ significantly from what was recorded in previous periods.

During the first six months of fiscal year 2018, Adtalem granted 493,880 RSUs to selected employees and directors. Of these, 239,290 are performance-based RSUs and 254,590 are non-performance-based RSUs. Performance-based RSUs are earned by the recipients over a three-year period based on achievement of certain mission-based and academic goals, achievement of a minimum level of Adtalem's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") or achievement of a minimum level of return on invested capital ("ROIC"). Non-performance-based RSUs are subject to restrictions which lapse ratably over one, three or four-year periods on the grant anniversary date based on the recipient's continued service on the Board, employment with Adtalem or upon retirement. During the restriction period, the recipient of the non-performance based RSUs has the right to receive dividend equivalents, if any. This right does not pertain to the performance-based RSUs. The following is a summary of RSU activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017:

The weighted average estimated grant date fair value of RSUs granted at market price under Adtalem's stock-based incentive plans during the first six months of fiscal years 2018 and 2017 was $34.15 and $23.84, per share, respectively.

The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2017, $30.3 million of total pre-tax unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested grants is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. The total fair value of options and RSUs vested during the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $14.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively.

There was no capitalized stock-based compensation cost at each of December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Adtalem has an established practice of issuing new shares of common stock to satisfy stock-based grant exercises. However, Adtalem also may issue treasury shares to satisfy stock-based grant exercises under certain of its stock-based incentive plans.

NOTE 6: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Adtalem has elected not to measure any assets or liabilities at fair value other than those required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include goodwill, intangible assets and assets of businesses where the long-term value of the operations have been impaired.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The guidance specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. The guidance establishes fair value measurement classifications under the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.

When available, Adtalem uses quoted market prices to determine fair value, and such measurements are classified within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, Adtalem makes use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates and yield curves. These measurements are classified within Level 3.

Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles arising from a business combination. These assets are not amortized and charged to expense over time. Instead, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles must be reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if circumstances arise indicating potential impairment. This impairment review was most recently completed as of May 31, 2017. See "Note 10: Intangible Assets" for further discussion on the impairment review including valuation techniques and assumptions.

The following table presents Adtalem's assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands).

The following table presents Adtalem's assets and liabilities at June 30, 2017, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands).

The following table presents Adtalem's assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands).

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments in short-term Marketable Securities are valued using a market approach based on quoted market prices of identical instruments.

The fair value of the institutional loans receivable included in Accounts Receivable, Net and Other Assets, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates for similar arrangements. See "Note 7: Financing Receivables" for further discussion on these institutional loans receivable.

The fair value of the deferred acquisition obligations is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates for similar arrangements. $4.0 million, $14.8 million and $15.1 million was classified as Accrued Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and $19.9 million, $11.8 million and $14.4 million was classified as Deferred Rent and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The fair value of Adtalem Brazil's receivable under Brazil's FIES public loan program included in Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, and in Other Assets, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using published market data on Brazilian interest and inflation rates.

NOTE 7: FINANCING RECEIVABLES

Adtalem's institutional loan programs are available to students at its Chamberlain, AUC, RUSM, RUSVM and Carrington institutions. These loan programs are designed to assist students who are unable to completely cover educational costs consisting of tuition, books and fees and are available only after all other student financial assistance has been applied toward those purposes. In addition, AUC, RUSM and RUSVM loans may be used for students' living expenses. Repayment plans for institutional loan program balances are developed to address the financial circumstances of the particular student. Interest charges accrue each month on the unpaid balance. Chamberlain and Carrington require that students begin repaying loans while they are still in school with a minimum payment level designed to demonstrate their capability to repay, reduce the possibility of over borrowing and minimize interest being accrued on the loan balance. Payments may increase upon completing or departing the program. After a student leaves school, the student typically will have a monthly installment repayment plan. In addition, the Becker CPA Exam Review Course can be financed through Becker with an 18-month term loan program.

Reserves for uncollectible loans are determined by analyzing the current aging of institutional loans and historical loss rates of loans at each institution. Management performs this analysis periodically throughout the year. Since all of Adtalem's financing receivables are generated through the extension of credit to fund educational costs, all such receivables are considered part of the same loan portfolio.

The following table details the institutional loan balances along with the related allowances for credit losses (in thousands).

Of the net balances above, $20.8 million, $20.1 million and $18.1 million was classified as Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and $23.5 million, $25.7 million and $26.4 million, representing amounts due beyond one year, was classified as Other Assets, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The following tables detail the credit risk profiles of the institutional loan balances based on payment activity and an aging of past due institutional loans (in thousands).

Loans are considered nonperforming if they are more than 90 days past due. At December 31, 2017, nonperforming loans totaled $11.9 million, of which $11.8 million had a specific allowance for credit losses. At June 30, 2017, nonperforming loans totaled $10.3 million, of which $10.2 million had a specific allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2016, nonperforming loans totaled $7.5 million, of which $7.4 million had a specific allowance for credit losses.

NOTE 8: DIVIDENDS AND SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAMS

Adtalem paid dividends of $11.4 million on December 22, 2016. On February 16, 2017, the Board determined to discontinue cash dividend payments. Future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board.

Adtalem has repurchased shares under the following programs as of December 31, 2017:

On February 16, 2017, the Board authorized Adtalem's tenth share repurchase program, which allows Adtalem to repurchase up to $300 million of its common stock through December 31, 2020. A total of 2,675,626 shares were repurchased during the six months ended December 31, 2017 under the tenth share repurchase program for an aggregate of $93.2 million. The timing and amount of any repurchase will be determined based on evaluation of market conditions and other factors. These repurchases may be made through the open market, including block purchases, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The buyback will be funded through available cash balances and/or borrowings and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

Shares of stock repurchased under the programs are held as treasury shares. These repurchased shares have reduced the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

NOTE 9: BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

São Judas Tadeu

On November 1, 2017, Adtalem Brazil completed the acquisition of São Judas Tadeu ("SJT"). Under the terms of the agreement, Adtalem Brazil agreed to pay approximately $6.0 million in cash, in exchange for 100% of the stock of SJT. Approximately $1.0 million of payments were made in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, with additional aggregate payments of approximately $5.0 million required over the succeeding four years. SJT offers medical doctor specialty test preparation and currently serves approximately 2,700 students located in São Paulo. The acquisition of SJT adds a new product offering to Adtalem Brazil's test preparation business.

The operations of SJT are included in Adtalem's Technology and Business segment. The results of SJT's operations have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of Adtalem since the date of acquisition.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands).

Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, was all assigned to the Adtalem Brazil reporting unit which is classified within the Technology and Business segment. Factors that contributed to a purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill include SJT's strategic fit into Adtalem's expanding presence in test preparation and the acquired assembled workforce. None of the goodwill acquired is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

There is no pro forma presentation of operating results for this acquisition due to the insignificant effect on consolidated operations.

Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists

On July 1, 2016, Becker completed the acquisition of 100% of the stock of ACAMS for $330.6 million, net of cash of $23.5 million. The payment for this purchase was made in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, and was funded with available domestic cash balances and $175 million in borrowings under Adtalem's revolving credit facility. ACAMS is an international membership organization dedicated to enhancing the knowledge and skills of anti-money laundering and financial crime prevention professionals. The acquisition furthers Adtalem's global growth strategy into professional education and enhances Becker's position as a leading provider of lifelong learning for professionals.

The operations of ACAMS are included in Adtalem's Professional Education segment. The results of ACAMS's operations have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of Adtalem since the date of acquisition.

The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands).

Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, was all assigned to the Becker and ACAMS reporting unit which is classified within the Professional Education segment. Factors that contributed to a purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill include ACAMS's strategic fit into Adtalem's expanding presence in professional education, the reputation of the ACAMS brand as a leader in the industry and potential future growth opportunity. None of the goodwill acquired is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Of the $88.6 million of acquired intangible assets, $39.9 million was assigned to Trade Names, which has been determined not to be subject to amortization. The remaining acquired intangible assets were determined to be subject to amortization with an average useful life of approximately nine years. The values and estimated useful lives by asset type are as follows (in thousands):

There is no pro forma presentation of operating results for this acquisition due to the insignificant effect on consolidated operations.

NOTE 10: INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets relate mainly to acquired business operations. These assets consist of the acquisition fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets acquired and goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired.

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

Amortization expense for amortized intangible assets was $2.5 million and $5.0 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and $2.4 million and $5.7 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the next five fiscal years ending June 30 and in the aggregate, by reporting unit, is as follows (in thousands):

All amortizable intangible assets except student relationships and customer relationships are being amortized on a straight-line basis. The amount being amortized for student relationships is based on the estimated progression of the students through the respective, Centro Universitário Vale do Ipojuca ("Unifavip"), Damásio Educacional ("Damasio") and Grupo Ibmec Educacional S.A. ("Grupo Ibmec") programs, giving consideration to the revenue and cash flow associated with both existing students and new applicants. The amount being amortized for customer relationships related to ACAMS is based on the estimated retention of the customers, giving consideration to the revenue and cash flow associated with these existing customers.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets related to trade names, Title IV eligibility, accreditations and intellectual property are not amortized, as there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of these intangible assets to the reporting entity.

In accordance with GAAP, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles arising from a business combination are not amortized and charged to expense over time. Instead, these assets must be reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if circumstances arise indicating potential impairment. Adtalem's annual impairment review was most recently completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, at which time, there was no impairment loss associated with recorded goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for any reporting unit.

Adtalem had six reporting units that contained goodwill as of the start of the second quarter of fiscal year 2018. These reporting units constitute components for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit containing the goodwill exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, an impairment loss to goodwill is recognized. In analyzing the results of operations and business conditions of all the reporting units as of December 31, 2017, it was determined that no triggering event had occurred that would indicate the carrying value of a reporting unit had exceeded its fair value, except at DeVry University. During the quarter, a triggering event did occur within the DeVry University reporting unit which resulted in a write-off of all goodwill balances as of December 31, 2017.

On December 4, 2017, Adtalem, entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement"), pursuant to which Adtalem agreed to sell DeVry University to Cogswell Education, LLC ("Cogswell"). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, Adtalem will sell all of the outstanding equity interests of DeVry University, Inc. and DeVry New York Inc. to Cogswell for $1.00. As this sales price indicates a fair value that is less than the carrying value of the DeVry University goodwill and intangible asset balances, both amounts were written down to zero as of December 31, 2017. This resulted in impairment charges for goodwill of $22.2 million and indefinite-lived intangible assets of $1.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018. These amounts were charged to Discontinued Operations (see "Note 2: Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale").

For indefinite-lived intangible assets at the six reporting units that contained indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2017, management first analyzes qualitative factors including results of operations and business conditions, significant changes in cash flows at the individual indefinite-lived intangible asset level, if applicable, as well as how much previously calculated fair values exceed carrying values to determine if it is more likely than not that the intangible assets associated with these reporting units have been impaired. At Carrington, management is executing a plan to increase enrollment and control costs to improve profitability. As a result, as of the end of the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, management does not believe business conditions had deteriorated such that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Title IV Eligibility and Accreditation indefinite-lived intangible asset had fallen below its carrying value. Should declines in student enrollment at Carrington result in financial performance that is significantly below management expectations, the carrying value of this reporting unit's indefinite-lived intangible assets could be impaired. This could require a write-off of up to $20.2 million .

Management does not believe the effects of Hurricanes Irma and Maria created a triggering event which would require an impairment analysis of AUC's or RUSM's indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. Damage to physical property will be repaired with the majority of costs expected to be reimbursable by insurance proceeds. The September 2017 semesters at both institutions were completed with minimal lost students and revenue and commencement of future semesters is not in question. Management believes it is probable that the response to the crisis and its ability to continue providing educational services demonstrates AUC's and RUSM's ability to generate future revenue and operating results sufficient to maintain fair values of these assets in excess of their carrying values.

These interim triggering event conclusions were based on the fact that the qualitative analysis of Adtalem's reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulted in no impairment indicators as of the end of fiscal year 2017, except at the DeVry University reporting unit, and that no interim events or deviations from planned operating results occurred as of December 31, 2017, that would cause management to reassess these conclusions.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit or an intangible asset involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Management bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable at the time, but such assumptions are subject to inherent uncertainty. Actual results may differ from those estimates, which could lead to additional impairments of intangible assets or goodwill.

At December 31, 2017, intangible assets from business combinations totaled $407.0 million and goodwill totaled $832.9 million. Together, these assets equaled approximately 56% of total assets as of such date, and any impairment could significantly affect future results of operations.

The table below summarizes goodwill balances by reporting unit (in thousands):

The table below summarizes goodwill balances by reporting segment (in thousands):

The table below summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting segment (in thousands):

The increase in the goodwill balance from June 30, 2017 in the Professional Education segment is the result of a change in the value of the British Sterling Pound compared to the U.S. dollar. Since Becker's European subsidiary's goodwill is recorded in local currency, fluctuations in the value of the British Sterling Pound in relation to the U.S. dollar will cause changes in the balance of this asset. The increase in the goodwill balance from June 30, 2017 in the Technology and Business segment is the result of the addition of $4.1 million with the acquisition of SJT. The increase was partially offset by a change in the value of the Brazilian Real compared to the U.S. dollar. Since Adtalem Brazil goodwill is recorded in local currency, fluctuations in the value of the Brazilian Real in relation to the U.S. dollar will cause changes in the balance of this asset.

The table below summarizes the indefinite-lived intangible asset balances by reporting segment (in thousands):

Total indefinite-lived intangible assets decreased by $0.2 million from June 30, 2017. The decrease is the result of a change in the value of the Brazilian Real as compared to the U.S. dollar. Since Adtalem Brazil intangible assets are recorded in the local currency, fluctuations in the value of the Brazilian Real in relation to the U.S. dollar will cause changes in the balance of these assets.

NOTE 11: RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

During the first three and six months of fiscal year 2018, Adtalem recorded restructuring charges primarily related to reductions in force ("RIF") and real estate consolidations at Carrington and Adtalem's home office. Termination benefit charges, as a result of reducing Adtalem's workforce by 98 positions in the first six months of fiscal year 2018, represented severance pay and benefits for these employees. We also recorded a reduction to restructuring charges in the first six months of fiscal year 2018 for an adjustment to previously accrued estimates for real estate consolidations at Adtalem's home office. During the first three and six months of fiscal year 2017, Adtalem recorded restructuring charges primarily related to real estate consolidations at Carrington and Adtalem's home office. Adtalem's home office is classified as "Home Office and Other" in "Note 15: Segment Information" to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Pre-tax restructuring charges by segment were as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the separation and restructuring plan activity for the fiscal years 2018 and 2017, for which cash payments are required (in thousands):