Collectors Universe Inc (CLCT) SEC Annual Report (10-K) for 2018

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission file number 1-34240

COLLECTORS UNIVERSE, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(949) 567-1234

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:      None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐   No ☒

As of December 29, 2017, the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $223,000,000 based on the per share closing price of $28.64 of registrant's Common Stock as of such date as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons deemed to be affiliates for this purpose are affiliates for any other purpose.

As of August 26, 2018, a total of 9,015,183 shares of registrant's Common Stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Except as otherwise stated therein, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 in Part III of this Annual Report are incorporated by reference from Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or before October 28, 2018, for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Other information contained in that Proxy Statement and other related solicitation materials are not deemed to be incorporated into or filed as part of this Annual Report.

COLLECTORS UNIVERSE, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements contained in this annual report on Form 10-K (the "Annual Report") that are not historical facts or that discuss our expectations, beliefs or views regarding our future operations or future financial performance, or financial or other trends in our business or markets, constitute "forward-looking statements" as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Often, such statements include the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "project," or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "would," "should," "could," or "may." Forward-looking statements contain estimates or predictions about or forecasts of our future financial condition and operating results and trends in our business and markets. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, those statements are necessarily based on current information available to us. Therefore, the information contained in the forward looking statements in this Annual Report are subject to change due to (i) future events and circumstances of which we are not currently aware and (ii) to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our future financial condition or operating results to differ significantly from those expected at the current time as described in those forward-looking statements. Those known risks and uncertainties are described in Item 1A in Part I of this Annual Report under the caption "RISK FACTORS," and in Item 7 in Part II of this Annual Report under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Accordingly, readers of this Annual Report are urged to read the cautionary statements and risk factors contained in those Items of this Annual Report. Also, our actual results in the future may differ due to additional risks and uncertainties of which we are not currently aware or which we do not currently view as material to our business or operating results.   Due to all of these uncertainties and risks, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law or the applicable rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market.

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References in this Annual Report to "Collectors Universe", "we", "us", "our", "management" and the "Company" refer to Collectors Universe, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

PART I

ITEM 1.     BUSINESS

Overview

We provide authentication and grading services to dealers and collectors of coins, trading cards, event tickets, autographs and historical and sports memorabilia ("collectibles"). We believe that our authentication and grading services add value to these collectibles by enhancing their marketability and thereby providing increased liquidity to the dealers, collectors and consumers that own and buy and sell them.

Once we have authenticated and assigned a quality grade to a collectible, we encapsulate it in a tamper-evident, clear plastic holder, or issue a certificate of authenticity, that (i) identifies the specific collectible; (ii) sets forth the quality grade we have assigned to it; and (iii) bears one of our brand names and logos: "PCGS" for coins, "PSA" for trading cards and event tickets and "PSA/DNA" for autographs and memorabilia. Additionally, we warrant our certification of authenticity and the quality grades that we assign to the coins and trading cards that we authenticate and grade. We do not warrant our authenticity determinations for autographs or memorabilia. For ease of reference in this Annual Report, we will sometimes refer to coins, trading cards and other collectibles that we have authenticated or graded as having been "certified."

We generate revenues principally from the fees paid for our authentication and grading services. To a much lesser extent, we generate revenues from other related services, which consist of (i) the sale of advertising and click-through commissions earned on our websites, including Collectors.com, (ii) the sale of printed publications and collectibles price guides and advertising in such publications; (iii) the sale of membership subscriptions in our Collectors Club, which is designed to attract interest in high-value collectibles among new collectors; (iv) the sale of subscriptions to our Certified Coin Exchange (CCE) dealer-to-dealer Internet bid-ask market for certified coins, which offers a comprehensive one-stop source for historical U.S. numismatic information and value-added content; and (v) collectibles trade shows that we operate, at which collectibles are exhibited and are bought and sold by collectibles dealers and collectors. We also generate revenues from sales of our collectibles inventory, which is comprised primarily of collectible coins that we have purchased under our coin grading warranty program; however, these sales are not the focus, and we do not consider them to be an integral part of our ongoing revenue-generating activities.

We have developed some of the leading brands in the collectibles markets in which we conduct our business:

PCGS, PSA and PSA/DNA are among the leading independent authentication and grading services in their respective markets.

We foster brand loyalty and stimulate demand for our services by providing information and value added content to collectors and dealers through various means including our CCE websites, Collectors Clubs, Set Registry SM programs, Collectors.com, CoinFacts and PSA Collectibles Facts, collectibles population reports and price guides. We believe that by providing this information and content we generate more knowledgeable and active collectors and dealers.

We began offering our PCGS coin authentication and grading services in 1986 and, from inception through the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, we have authenticated and graded approximately 39 million coins. In 1991, we launched our PSA trading cards authentication and grading service and, through June 30, 2018, had authenticated and graded approximately 31 million trading cards. In 1999, we launched our PSA/DNA vintage autograph authentication business and in June 2004 we extended that business by introducing vintage autograph grading services to dealers and collectors of autographed sports memorabilia.

The following table provides information regarding the respective numbers of coins, trading cards and autographs that we authenticated or graded in each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 to 2016:

The following table sets forth the estimated values at which our customers insured the coins, trading cards and autographs that were submitted to us for authentication or grading:

Our revenues are comprised principally of our authentication and grading service fees. Those fees range from $1 to over $9,135 but averaged $12.55 per item, based primarily on the type of collectible authenticated or graded, the turnaround times and the specific service selected by the customer. We charge higher fees for faster turnaround times. Our fees are generally not based on the value of the collectible, except for special coin services sometimes requested by customers, for which we charge supplemental fees that are based on the value of the coin. In fiscal 2018, our coin authentication and grading fees ranged from $1 to over $9,135, and averaged $14.75, per coin.

In the case of trading cards, in fiscal 2018, the authentication and grading fees ranged from approximately $1 to $3,575 but averaged $8.74, per trading card. As a general rule, collectibles dealers and, to a lesser extent, individual collectors, request faster turnaround times and, therefore, generally pay higher fees for more valuable, older or "vintage" collectibles than they do for modern collectibles.

Industry Background

The primary determinants of the prices of, and the willingness of sellers, purchasers and collectors to purchase high-value or high-priced collectibles, are their authenticity, quality and rarity. The authenticity of a collectible relates not only to the genuineness of the collectible, but also to the absence of any alterations or repairs that may have been made to hide, damage or to restore the item. The quality of a collectible relates to its state of preservation relative to its original state of manufacture or creation. The rarity of a collectible relates to its uniqueness and depends primarily on the number of identical collectibles of equivalent or better quality that become available for purchase from time to time. With regard to value, confirmation of authenticity generally is required before a buyer is willing to proceed with a purchase of a high-priced collectible. Quality and rarity directly affect value and price, with higher quality and rare collectibles generally attracting dramatically higher prices than those of lower quality and lesser rarity. Even a relatively modest difference in quality can translate into a significant difference in perceived value and, therefore, in price.

Until the advent of independent third-party authentication and grading, most prospective buyers, including experienced collectibles dealers and retailers, insisted on physically examining high-priced collectibles before consummating transactions. However, unlike professionals in the trade, most purchasers and collectors lacked the experience and knowledge needed to determine, with confidence, the authenticity, quality or rarity, and hence the value, of high-priced collectibles, even when they had the opportunity to examine them physically. Therefore, they had to rely on representations made by sellers regarding authenticity, quality and rarity. For these reasons, "buyer beware" characterized the high-value collectibles markets, and "sight-unseen" markets for rare coins and other high-value collectibles were practically non-existent.

High-value collectibles have been traditionally marketed at retail by dealers through direct mail, catalogues, price lists and advertisements in trade publications, and sold and purchased by them at collectibles shows, auction houses and local dealer shops. These markets were highly inefficient because:

Coin Market . In an effort to overcome some of these inefficiencies, approximately 40 years ago, professional coin dealers began using a numerical quality grading scale for coins. That scale ranged from 1 to 70, with higher numbers denoting a higher quality. Previously, professional dealers used descriptive terms, such as "Fair," "Fine" and "Uncirculated," to characterize the quality of the coins they sold, a practice that continued after the development of the numeric grading system. However, whether using a numeric or a descriptive system, grading standards varied significantly from dealer to dealer, depending on a dealer's subjective criteria of quality. Moreover, dealers were hardly disinterested or independent since, as the sellers or buyers of the coins they were grading, they stood to benefit financially from the assignment of a particular grade.

Trading Cards Market . Misrepresentations of authenticity, quality and rarity also operated as a barrier to the liquidity and growth of the collectibles market for trading cards. Even experienced and knowledgeable dealers insisted on physically examining purportedly rare and higher-priced trading cards. Most collectors lacked the knowledge needed to purchase collectible trading cards with confidence, even when they had physically examined them. Trading card dealers eventually developed a rudimentary adjectival system to provide measures of quality, using descriptive terms such as "Poor," "Very Good," "Mint" and "Gem Mint." These measures of quality were assigned on the basis of such characteristics as the centering of the image on the card and the presence or absence of bent or damaged corners, scratches and color imperfections. However, as was the case with coins, grading standards varied significantly from dealer to dealer, depending on a dealer's subjective criteria of quality. Additionally, since the dealers who bought and sold trading cards were the ones that assigned these grades, collectors remained vulnerable to misrepresentations as to the authenticity, quality and rarity of trading cards being sold or purchased by dealers.

Autographed Memorabilia Market . The market for autographed sports, entertainment and historical memorabilia has been plagued by a high incidence of forgeries and misrepresentations of authenticity. For example, Operation Bullpen, initiated by the FBI and other law enforcement agencies beginning in 1997, uncovered a high volume of outright forgeries of signatures and widespread misrepresentations as to the genuineness of sports memorabilia. We believe that the high incidence of such fraudulent activities was due, in large part, to a dearth of independent third-party memorabilia authentication services and an absence of systematic methodologies and specimen data needed for verification of authenticity.

These conditions created a need and the demand for independent authentication and grading services from which sellers, purchasers and collectors could obtain:

The Impact of eBay and O ther e-Commerce Websites on the Collectible Markets . The advent of the Internet and, in particular, eBay's development of an Internet or "virtual" marketplace and other Internet-selling websites, such as Amazon, have overcome many of the inefficiencies that had characterized the traditional collectibles markets. eBay and other online marketplaces (i) offer enhanced interaction between and greater convenience for sellers and buyers of high-value collectibles; (ii) eliminate or reduce the involvement of dealers and other "middlemen;" (iii) reduce transaction costs; (iv) allow trading to be conducted at all hours; and (v) regularly provide updated information to collectors. In addition, in August 2015, the Company launched its Collectors.com website where it aggregates and organizes collectibles listings from sellers and collectibles categories and markets; to enable collectors to expeditiously locate collectibles they are interested in buying. However, Internet commerce still raises, and has even heightened, concerns about the authenticity and quality of the collectibles that are listed for sale on the Internet. Buyers have no ability to physically examine the collectibles and no means to confirm the identity or the credibility of the dealers or sellers on the Internet. As a result, we believe that the growth of Internet-selling websites, such as eBay and Amazon, and individual dealer-owned websites, has increased awareness of the importance of, and the demand for, independent third-party authentication and grading services of the type we provide. Our services enable purchasers and collectors to use the Internet to purchase high-value collectibles, without physical examination ("sight-unseen"), with the confidence of knowing that they are authentic and are of the quality represented by sellers. The importance and value of our services to purchasers and collectors, we believe, are demonstrated by eBay's inclusion, on its collectibles websites, of information that identifies, and encourages visitors to use, our independent third-party authentication and grading services, as well as similar services offered by some of our competitors.

Our Services

PCGS Coin Authentication and Grading Services . Recognizing the need for third-party authentication and grading services, we launched Professional Coin Grading Service in 1986. PCGS employs or retains the services of expert coin graders, who are independent of coin buyers and sellers, to provide impartial authentication and grading services. We also established uniform standards of quality measured against an actual "benchmark" set of coins kept at our offices. We place each coin that we authenticate and grade in a tamper-evident, clear plastic holder which bears our logo, so that any prospective buyer will know that it is a PCGS authenticated and graded coin. We also provide a warranty as to the accuracy of our coin authentication and grading determinations. As of June 30, 2018, we employed and utilized 38 coin experts who have an average of 10 years of service with the Company.

By providing an independent assessment by coin experts of the authenticity and quality of coins, we believe that PCGS has increased the liquidity of the trading market for collectible coins. Following the introduction of our independent, third-party authentication and grading service, buyer confidence, even between dealers, increased to such a degree that coins authenticated and graded by PCGS were able to be traded "sight-unseen." In 1990, a dealer market was developed, known as the "Certified Coin Exchange," on which coin dealers trade rare coins "sight-unseen." We acquired CCE in 2005.

Our coin authentication and grading services have facilitated the development of a growing Internet or "virtual" marketplace for collectible coins. A prospective buyer, who might otherwise be reluctant to purchase a high-priced coin listed "sight-unseen" on the Internet, is able to rely on a PCGS certification, as well as authoritative information about the coin that is accessible on our website, in deciding whether or not to bid and in determining the amount to offer for the coin. As a result, to enhance the marketability of higher-priced coins, many sellers submit their coins to PCGS for authentication and grading. That enables the sellers to include, in their Internet sales listings, digital images of the coins in their tamper-evident, clear plastic holders, which identify the coins as having been authenticated and graded by PCGS, as well as their PCGS-assigned grades. We also provide a range of authoritative content on coin collecting to inform and communicate with the collector community, including guides and reports that track the trading prices and the rarity of PCGS-graded coins.

PSA Trading Card Authentication and Grading Services . Leveraging the credibility and using the methodologies that we had established with PCGS in the coin market, in 1991 we launched Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA), which instituted a similar authentication and grading system for trading cards. We are now the leading authenticator and grader of trading cards. Our independent trading card experts certify the authenticity of and assign quality grades to trading cards using a numeric system with a scale from 1-to-10 that we developed, together with an adjectival system to describe their condition. At June 30, 2018, we employed 22 experts who have an average of 14 years of service with the Company. We believe that our authentication and grading services have removed barriers that were created by the historical seller-biased grading process and, thereby, have improved the overall marketability of and facilitated commerce in trading cards, including over the Internet and at telephonic sports memorabilia auctions.

The trading cards submitted to us for authentication and grading include primarily (i) older or vintage trading cards, particularly of memorable or historically famous players, such as Honus Wagner, Joe DiMaggio, Ted Williams and Mickey Mantle, and (ii) modern or newly produced trading cards of current or new athletes who have become popular with sports fans or have achieved new records or milestones, such as Derek Jeter, Albert Pujols, Mariano Rivera and Miguel Cabrera. These trading cards have, or are perceived to have, sufficient collectible value and are sold more frequently than are trading cards of less notable athletes, leading dealers and collectors to submit them for grading to enhance their marketability. Also, the production and sale of each new series of trading cards, which take place at the beginning and during the course of each new sports season, create new collectibles that provide a source of future additional authentication and grading submissions to us.

PSA/DNA Autograph Authentication and Grading Services . In 1999, we launched our vintage autograph authentication business, initially offering authentication services for "vintage" sports autographs and memorabilia that were autographed or signed prior to the time they were presented to us for authentication. The vintage autograph authentication business is distinctly different from the "signed-in-the-presence" authentication of autographs where an "authenticator" is present and witnesses the actual signing. Our vintage autograph authentication service involves the rendering of an opinion of authenticity by an industry expert based on (i) an analysis of the signed object, such as the signed document or autographed item of memorabilia, to confirm its consistency with similar materials or items that existed during the signer's lifetime; (ii) a comparison of the signature submitted for authentication with exemplars of such signatures; and (iii) a handwriting analysis. As of June 30, 2018, we employed 3 autograph experts who joined the Company in the last two years, as well as outside consultants that we sometimes use on a contract basis.

In June 2004, we also began offering grading services for autographs, beginning with baseballs containing a single signature or autograph. We use uniform grading standards that we have developed and a numeric scale of 1-to-10, with the highest number representing top quality or "Gem Mint" condition. We assign grades to the collectibles based on the physical condition or state of preservation of the autograph.

CCE Certified Coin Exchange and Collectors Corner. In September 2005, we acquired the Certified Coin Exchange (CCE), a subscription-based, business-to-business Internet bid-ask market for coins that have been certified by us or by other independent coin authentication and grading services, since 1990. The CCE website now features over 100,000 bid and ask prices for certified coins at www.certifiedcoinexchange.com . CCE provides liquidity in the geographically dispersed and highly fragmented market for rare coins. In March 2007, we introduced the Collectors Corner, a business-to-consumer website that enables sellers on CCE to offer many certified coins simultaneously at wholesale prices on CCE and at retail prices on Collectors Corner ( www.collectorscorner.com ). Registration on Collectors Corner is free for consumers, who can search for and sort coins listed on the Collectors Corner website. Coin sellers must register and pay a fixed monthly subscription fee to us for access to and to effectuate sale transactions on both CCE and Collectors Corner. Currently, there are over 93,000 collectibles, consisting primarily of coins, trading cards, currency and stamps, which are offered for sale on Collectors Corner, with offering prices aggregating approximately $180 million. The enhanced liquidity provided by CCE and Collectors Corner for certified coins, trading cards, and certified stamps, has increased the volume and turnover of these items, which benefits us because, as a general rule, increases in sales and purchases of those collectibles increase the demand for our authentication and grading services.

Publications and Advertising . We publish authoritative price guides, rarity reports and other collectibles data to provide collectors with information that makes them better informed consumers and makes collecting more interesting and exciting. Our publications also enable us to market our services, to create increased brand awareness and to generate advertising revenues. We publish the Sports Market Report on a monthly basis primarily for distribution to approximately 8,348 PSA Collectors Club members. We sell advertising to dealers and vendors for placement in our publications. We manage a Collectors Universe website and individual websites for our authentication and grading services. On those websites, we offer collectible content, relevant to the marketplace for the specific authentication and grading service, some of which is available for a fee and some of which is available without charge. We believe our websites for PCGS in coins, and PSA in trading cards, have the highest number of visitors and web traffic in their respective markets. We sell advertising to dealers and vendors on these two websites and on the websites we maintain for PSA/DNA in autographs and CCE and Collectors Corner in coins.

C ollectible Trade Sho ws. We own Expos Unlimited LLC ("Expos") a trade show management company that operates one of the larger coins and collectibles shows, staged in Long Beach, California, three times a year. At these shows collectibles are exhibited and are bought and sold by collectibles dealers and collectors.

Our Mission

Our mission is to provide the finest available independent authentication and grading services to sellers and buyers of high-value collectibles in order to:

Our Growth Strategy

We have established leading brands in our existing collectibles markets, including PCGS, PSA and PSA/DNA. We use those brands to promote Collectors Universe as the premier independent provider of authentication and grading services in the high-value collectibles markets, in order to (i) increase our market share among existing users of authentication and grading services, (ii) increase the use of our services by the numerous collectors that do not currently use any independent third-party authentication or grading services, and (iii) expand our coin and trading cards services to selected international markets.

Although we have authenticated and graded approximately 39 million coins since the inception of PCGS, and approximately 31 million trading cards since the inception of PSA, we believe that less than 10% of the vintage United States coins and less than 10% of the vintage trading cards have been authenticated and graded by independent providers of authentication and grading services. Additionally, we estimate that we have authenticated and graded less than 10% of the potential market of autographs in the United States. Moreover, new collectibles are introduced each year into the markets in which we operate, some of which are authenticated and graded in the year of their introduction. Over time, these collectibles will increase the supply of vintage items that are sold by dealers and collectors, and we expect that many of them will be submitted for independent authentication and grading.

To take advantage of these market opportunities to expand our service offerings to customers and to solidify our position as a leading authority in the collectible markets that we serve, we have:

Operations

We offer authentication and grading services for coins, trading cards, autographs and autographed memorabiia. Our trained and experienced authentication and grading experts determine the authenticity of and using uniform quality standards, assign quality grades to these collectibles.

PCGS . Our authentication and grading of coins involves an exacting and standardized process. We receive coins from dealers and collectors and remove all packaging that identifies the submitter in any way. We then enter information regarding each coin into our proprietary computerized inventory system, which tracks the coin at every stage of the authentication and grading process. Generally, our process requires that at least two of our experts evaluate each coin independently. In some cases, depending on the type of coin being authenticated and graded or on the results of the initial review process, we involve a third expert to make the final determinations of authenticity and grade. The coin's authenticity and grade are then verified by one of our senior experts, who has the authority to resubmit the coin for further review if he or she deems it to be necessary. Only after this process is complete is the coin reunited with its identifying paperwork, thus keeping the authentication and grading process from being influenced by the identity of the owner and the history of the coin. The coin is then sonically sealed in our specially designed, tamper-evident, clear plastic holder, which also encases a label describing the coin, the quality grade that we have assigned to it, a unique certificate number and a bar code, the PCGS hologram and brand name and if requested by the customer, special inserts that can enhance the collectible value of the coin.

PSA . On receipt of trading cards from dealers and collectors, we remove all packaging that identifies the submitter in any way and enter information regarding the trading card into our proprietary computerized inventory system that enables us to track the trading cards throughout the authentication and grading process. Only after the authentication and grading process is complete is the trading card reunited with its identifying paperwork, thus keeping the authentication and grading process independent of the identity of the owner and the history of the trading card. The trading card is then sonically sealed in our specially designed, tamper-evident, clear plastic holder, which also encases a label that identifies the trading card, the quality grade that we have assigned to it and a unique certificate number, and the PSA hologram and brand name.

We primarily authenticate and grade baseball trading cards and, to a lesser extent, football, basketball, hockey and entertainment, as well as other types of collectible cards. As is the case with coin authentication and grading, trading card authentication and grading fees are based primarily on the particular turnaround time requested by the submitter, ranging from one day's turnaround for the highest level of service to approximately 60 days for the lowest level of service.

PSA/DNA . Because of the variability in the size of autographed memorabilia, the authentication and grading procedures we use necessarily differ from those used in authenticating and grading coins and trading cards. Customers may ship the autographed memorabilia to us for authentication at our offices or, in the case of dealers or collectors that desire to have a large number of items authenticated, we will sometimes send an expert to the customer's location for "on-site" examination and authentication. Our experts reference what we believe is one of the largest databases of known genuine exemplars of signatures for comparison to a submitted item and draw upon their training and experience in handwriting analysis. In most cases, we take a digital photograph of the autographs that we have authenticated and store those photographs in a master database. Before shipping the item back to the customer, a tamper-evident label is affixed to the collectible. The label contains our PSA/DNA name and logo and a unique certificate number. For additional security, in all cases when an item is fully authenticated, we tag the items with synthetic DNA-laced ink, which is odorless, colorless and tasteless and visible only when exposed to a narrow band wavelength of laser light using a hand-held, battery-powered lamp. Additional verification that an autographed item was authenticated by us can be obtained by using a chemical analysis to determine whether or not the ink used in the unique DNA code by PSA/DNA was applied to the autographed item. As a result, if the tamper-evident label that we affixed to an autographed item were to be removed or otherwise separated from the item, it is still possible to verify that the item was authenticated by us.

Marketing

We employ both "pull" and "push" strategies in marketing our services to dealers and collectors of high-value collectibles. For collectibles, our "pull" strategies are designed to promote our brands, increase the preference among collectors for our authentication and grading services and encourage collectors to communicate that preference to their collectibles dealers, because most authentication and grading submissions are made by dealers. In our experience, if a customer requests a particular grading service, the dealer ordinarily will comply with that request. On the other hand, if the customer expresses no preference, the dealer will make its own choice of authentication and grading service or may even decide not to submit the collectible to an independent service for authentication and grading. Therefore, our "pull" oriented marketing programs emphasize (i) the protections that collectors and retail customers will have if they purchase collectibles that we have authenticated and graded; and (ii) the improved marketability and higher prices that they and the associated retailers can realize if they use our independent third-party authentication and grading services. Our " p ush" s trategy , on the other hand, is designed to market our services directly to collectibles dealers to encourage them to use and promote our services.

Our "Pull" Strategy . We have developed and implemented a number of marketing programs and initiatives designed to create consumer preference for collectibles that have been authenticated and graded by us. Those programs and initiatives include:

The collectibles that may be registered on our Set Registries and included in our Set Registry competitions are limited to collectibles that have been authenticated and graded by us. To register the collectibles to be included in a particular set, a collector is required to enter the unique certificate number that we had assigned to each of the collectibles when last authenticated and graded by us. We use the certificate number to compare the information being submitted by the collector with our database of information to verify that the collectibles being registered by a participant for inclusion in a particular set qualify to be included in that set. We have found that our Set Registry competitions (i) create a preference and increase demand among collectors for our brands, and (ii) promote the trading of collectibles authenticated and graded by us by set registrants seeking to improve the completeness and overall quality of their sets, which generally results in additional authentication and grading submissions to us. Annual awards for set completeness and quality have been issued by PCGS and PSA each year since 2002. As an indication of the increasing popularity of our Set Registry programs, approximately 226,000 sets were registered on our Set Registries as of June 30, 2018, which represents a 7% increase over the number registered as of June 30, 2017.

Our "Push" Strategy . We also market our services directly to collectibles dealers and auctioneers to promote their use of our authentication and grading services. Our marketing message is focused on the enhanced marketability of collectibles that we have certified due to the increase in customer confidence that is attributable to our independent authentication and grading of those collectibles. These marketing programs include:

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property consists primarily of trademarks, copyrights, proprietary software and trade secrets. As part of our confidentiality procedures, we generally enter into agreements with our employees and consultants and limit access to, and distribution of, our software, documentation and other proprietary information.

The following table sets forth a list of our trademarks, both registered and unregistered, that are currently being used in the conduct of our business both in the United States and overseas:

We have not conducted an exhaustive search of possible prior users of the unregistered trademarks listed above, and therefore it is possible that our use of some of these trademarks may conflict with others.

Collectibles Experts

As of June 30, 2018, we employed 63 experts in our authentication and grading operations, with an average of 11 years of service with the Company. Our experts include individuals that either (i) had previously been collectibles dealers or were recognized as experts in the markets we serve, (ii) have been trained by us in our authentication and grading methodologies and procedures, or (iii) had gained authentication and grading experience at competing authentication and grading companies. However, talented collectibles authentication and grading experts are in short supply, and there is considerable competition among collectibles authentication and grading companies for their services. As a result, we focus on training young authenticators and graders (including non-US individuals) who we believe have the skills or knowledge base to become collectibles experts. We also contract with outside experts, usually collectibles dealers, to assist us with special grading issues or to enable us to address short-term increases in authentication and grading orders.

Service Warranties

We generally issue an authenticity or grading warranty with every coin and trading card authenticated or graded by us. Under the terms of the warranty, in general, if a coin or trading card that was authenticated or graded by us later receives a lower grade upon resubmission to us for grading, or is found not to be authentic, based on our opinion, we are obligated under our warranty either to purchase the coin or trading card at the current market value at the originally assigned grade or, instead, at the customer's option, to pay the difference in the current market value of the item between its original assigned grade and its lower grade. We accrue for estimated warranty costs based on historical claims experience, and we monitor the adequacy of the warranty reserves on an ongoing basis. If warranty claims were to increase in relation to historical trends and experience, we would increase the warranty reserves and incur additional charges that would have the effect of reducing income in those periods during which the warranty reserve is increased. See Item 7: "MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS- Critical Accounting Policies: Grading Warranty C osts ", and Item 8: Consolidated Financial Statements -Note 7 of this report for more information regarding our warranty reserves. As discussed above, before returning an authenticated or graded coin or trading card to our customer, we place the coin or trading card in a tamper-evident, clear plastic holder that encapsulates a label identifying the collectible as having been authenticated and graded by us. The warranty is voided if the plastic holder has been broken or damaged or shows signs of tampering.

We do not provide a warranty with respect to our opinions regarding the authenticity or quality of autographs or memorabilia.

Customer Service and Support

We devote significant resources, including a 33-person staff that provides personalized customer service and support in a timely manner, while also supporting our Set Registry, trade show programs and overseas offices. On our websites, customers are able to check the status of their collectibles submissions throughout the authentication and grading process and to confirm the authenticity of the collectibles that we have graded. When customers need services or have any questions, they can telephone or e-mail our support staff, Monday through Friday between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time. We also involve our collectibles experts in providing support services, when necessary, to address special issues.

Supplies

In order to obtain volume discounts, we have chosen to purchase the injection-molded critical high-volume plastic parts for our clear plastic holders from a limited number of suppliers. We typically concentrate the purchase of holders through one supplier when developing new holders, however, we now have back up suppliers and dies for our critical parts. If it became necessary for us to obtain parts from an additional supplier, we would have to arrange for the fabrication of a die for that new supplier, which can be a lengthy process. However, as we own the dies used to manufacture the parts they can be moved to replacement suppliers. We believe the inventory of parts we maintain and the availability of back-up suppliers (including overseas suppliers) is sufficient to give us the time to change suppliers, if considered necessary.

Competition

Coin Authentication and Grading . Our principal competitors in the coin authentication and grading market are Numismatic Guaranty Corporation of America ("NGC"), Independent Coin Grading, Certified Acceptance Compensation ("CAC") and ANACS, all of which are privately owned businesses.

Trading Card Authentication and Grading . Our primary competitors in trading card authentication and grading are Beckett Trading Card Grading Corporation, and Trading Card Guaranty, LLC.

Autograph Authentication and Grading . In the vintage autograph authentication market, we compete with James Spence Authentication ("JSA") and a few smaller competitors.

We believe that the principal competitive factors in our collectibles authentication and grading markets are (i) brand recognition and awareness; (ii) an established reputation for integrity, independence and consistency in our approach to establishing authenticity and in the application of grading standards; and (iii) responsiveness of service. We have found that price is much less of a factor in the case of vintage collectibles, but is a more important consideration with respect to modern coins and trading cards because of their significantly lower values. We believe that our PCGS, PSA and PSA/DNA brands compete favorably with respect to all of these factors and are among the leaders in each of their respective markets. Barriers to entry into the authentication and grading market are relatively low, especially in the trading card authentication and grading market. However, brand name recognition and a reputation for integrity, independence and consistency in the application of grading standards can take several years to develop. In addition, we believe that the sheer number of coins and cards that are in PCGS and PSA holders acts as a barrier to entry to new competitive start-up brands. The limited supply of experienced collectibles experts also operates as a barrier to entry.

Information Technology

IT Systems. We have developed a number of proprietary software systems for use in our authentication and grading operations, as well as for the operation and maintenance of our websites. Custom applications include grading systems, inventory control and order tracking systems, and other internally developed applications to manage the day-to-day operations of the Company. Websites have multiple customer-facing content/information systems, including (but not limited to) PSA CollectibleFacts, PCGS CoinFacts, multiple price guide and population reports, and multiple eCommerce solutions. Internally, these websites and applications are managed through a proprietary content management system. The majority of internally developed systems are written in Microsoft C# .NET and, in some limited cases, Microsoft Visual Basic .NET (all using a number of high-availability virtual machine systems or Microsoft SQL Server clusters on the back end).

The majority of the information technology systems (both for internal use and on publicly-accessible websites) are located at a Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements ("SSAE") 16 compliant data center in Southern California. This data center offers:

We also maintain a number of systems to monitor the availability and performance of our sites and systems, including:

In addition to the Southern California data center, smaller internal-use-only local area networks exist in our Southern California, New Jersey, Paris, Shanghai, and Hong Kong operations centers. However, the Information Technology infrastructure in those smaller offices is limited. Therefore any damage to, or failure of, our computer systems due to a catastrophic event in Southern California, such as an earthquake, could cause an interruption in our services. These risks are mitigated by a comprehensive data backup/protection solution, which includes regular rotation of offsite data storage.

Cyber Security . Cyber security is one of our top priorities and is always contemplated when developing and deploying new systems (both software and hardware). To this end, key staff members maintain industry-standard security and audit certifications and regularly expand their security knowledge and deploy new security tools as considered necessary.

We maintain multiple Internet connections for both web serving and outbound Internet access. Internet access points (across all offices) are protected with Palo Alto enterprise-level firewalls and security products. Additionally, access to critical network components is protected by both local Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and a security-centric managed service provider. In addition to the constant monitoring of these security devices, network security scans (of both internal and publicly-accessible servers) are performed on a regular basis. These scans include penetration/intrusion testing, vulnerability assessments, and attack surface analysis. We have multiple overlapping security infrastructures to mitigate potential single failures. However, as many other businesses have experienced, there can be no assurance that the security measures we have adopted will prove to be adequate to enable us to detect and prevent all cyber-security breaches that could lead to the theft by hackers of confidential information entrusted to us by our customers, including passwords and credit card numbers. See "Risk Factors-Our business is subject to online security risks, including security breaches" in Item A below in this Annual Report.

Government Regulation

With the exception of laws in some states that require memorabilia authenticators to certify to the accuracy of their authentication opinions, there are no material government regulations specifically relating to the authentication and grading businesses that we conduct, other than regulations that apply generally to businesses operating in the markets where we maintain operations or conduct business.

Employees

As of June 30, 2018, we had a total of 387 employees, of which 343 were full-time employees and 44 were part-time employees and 57 were employed outside of the United States. Our authentication and grading-related businesses employed 333 people, including our 63 experts and 33 customer service and support personnel. Of the other 54 employees, 16 work in information services, 5 in marketing, 6 in our CCE subscription business, 7 in our Expos business (of which 5 were part-time employees), and 20 in other business and administrative services. We have never had a work stoppage, and no employees are represented under collective bargaining agreements. We consider relations with our employees to be good.

Available Information

Our internet address is www.collectors universe .com . We post links to our website to the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All such filings are available through our website free of charge. Our SEC filings may also be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our websites and the information contained thereon are not part of, nor are they incorporated into, this Report.

ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could prevent us from achieving our business objectives and could hurt our future financial performance and the price performance of our common stock. Such risks and uncertainties also could cause our future financial condition and future financial performance to differ significantly from our current expectations, which are described in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. Those risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control, include the following:

A decline in the popularity of collectibles and a resulting decrease in submissions for our services could adversely impact our business.

The volume of collectibles submitted to us for authentication and grading is affected by the demand for and market value of those collectibles and the popularity of certain coins released by the United States Mint. As the demand for and value of collectibles increase, authentication and grading submissions, as well as requests by submitters for higher priced faster turnaround times, can also increase. However, that also means that a decline in the popularity or, in the value of the collectibles that we authenticate and grade would cause decreases in authentication and grading submissions to us and in the requests we receive for faster turnaround times resulting in declines in our revenues and profitability. We have found, over the years, as evidenced by the reduction in our U.S. coin grading fees in certain periods of fiscal years 2012 to 2013, 2015 to 2016, and fiscal 2018 that the popularity of collectibles for certain specific coin programs, can vary due to a number of factors, most of which are outside of our control, including perceived scarcity of collectibles, general consumer confidence and trends and their impact on disposable income, precious metals prices, interest rates and other general economic conditions. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS-Factors that can Affect our Operating Results and Financial Position" below in the Report.

Our dependence on coin authentication and grading services for most of our revenues makes us vulnerable to changes in economic conditions that could adversely affect the demand for those services and our operating results.

Coin authentication and grading and other coin-related services accounted for approximately 63%, 68% and 66% of our total net revenues in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our U.S. and overseas modern coin authentication and grading revenues represented approximately 21%, 27% and 20% of our total revenues in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We believe that the principal factors that can lead to fluctuations in U.S. coin grading submissions include:(i) economic downturns which can result in a decline in consumer and business confidence and disposable income and, therefore, the willingness of dealers and collectors to buy collectible coins, (ii) the performance of the stock and bond markets, the level of interest rates and fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar and in the value of precious metals, which can lead investors to shift some of their investments between stocks and bonds, on the one hand, and precious metals, on the other; (iii) in the case of modern coin submissions, increases or reductions in the marketing activities or the popularity of programs that are conducted by the U.S. Mint or dealers or customers, who specialize in selling modern coins (iv) the pricing of our services particularly for our modern coin programs and (v) short-term changes in the value of gold, particularly around the time of collectibles trade shows. This lack of diversity in our sources of revenues and our dependence on coin authentication and grading submissions for a majority of our net revenues make us more vulnerable to these conditions, which could result in reductions in our total net revenues and gross margin and, therefore, hurt our operating results, as evidenced by the reduction in revenues and operating income in fiscal 2018 as compared with fiscal 2017, due mainly to the lower U.S. coin revenues in fiscal 2018.

Moreover, if another economic downturn, such as the one from 2008 to 2012, were to occur, our dependence on coin authentication and grading services for our revenues could increase, because the prices that dealers and collectors can realize on sales of trading cards generally are significantly lower than the prices they are able to realize on sales of collectible coins, making it more difficult, for trading card collectors to afford or justify incurring the costs of obtaining independent authentication and grading services. In addition, our coin business is expanding into overseas markets, which could increase our reliance on the coin market over the longer term.

Declines in general economic conditions could result in decreased demand for our services, which could adversely affect our operating results.

The availability of discretionary or disposable income and the confidence of collectors and dealers about future economic conditions are important factors that can affect their willingness and ability to purchase, and the prices that they are willing to pay for collectibles. Additionally, declines in the confidence and reductions in the cash flows of, and reductions in credit that is available to collectibles dealers, can adversely affect their ability to purchase high-value collectibles and willingness to sell collectibles that may have declined in value due to adverse changes in economic conditions of this nature. Declines in purchases and sales, or in the value of collectibles usually result, in turn, in declines in the use of authentication and grading services, as such services are often used in conjunction with and to facilitate collectibles sale and purchase transactions. As a result, economic uncertainties, downturns and recessions can and do adversely affect our operating results by (i) reducing the frequency with which collectibles dealers and collectors submit their coins, trading cards and other collectibles for authentication and grading including, in particular, modern coins and trading cards, primarily because authentication and grading fees are relatively high in relation to the value of such collectibles; and (ii) adversely affecting the ability of customers to pay outstanding accounts receivable on a timely basis.

Temporary popularity of some collectibles may result in short-term increases, followed by decreases, in the volume of submissions for our services, which could cause our revenues to fluctuate.

Temporary popularity or "fads" among collectors, or the popularity of certain coin marketing programs, either by the U.S. Mint or by dealers or distributors of collectibles, may lead to short-term or temporary increases, followed by decreases in the volume and in the average service fees earned on collectibles that we authenticate and grade. This can be particularly common with modern coins released by the U.S. Mint or other special releases that are seasonal in nature. Trends of this nature may result in significant period-to-period fluctuations in our operating results and could result in declines in our net revenues and profitability, not only because of a resulting decline in the volume of authenticating and grading submissions, but also because such trends could lead to increased price competition, or pressure on the level of fees we are able to charge customers, and could require us to reduce our authentication and grading fees in order to maintain market share.

Our top five customers account for approximately 16 % o f our total net revenues in fiscal 2018

During the year ended June 30, 2018, five of our customers accounted, in the aggregate, for approximately 16% of our total net revenues. As a result, the loss of any of those customers, or the lack of success of marketing programs by those customers both in the U.S. or in China, or changes in our relationship with any of those customers could lead to a decrease in the volume of grading submissions which could cause our net revenues to decline and, therefore, could harm our operating results. See "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS-Factors that can Affect our Operating Results and Financial Position" below in the Report.

There are risks associated with new or expanded service offerings and geographic expansion, with which we have limited experience.

On an ongoing basis, we seek to introduce new services that we can offer to our existing authentication and grading customers as a means of increasing our net revenues and profitability. In addition, in recent years we began offering and providing coin authentication and grading services in Paris, Hong Kong and Shanghai. Those new services and our international operations, however, may not meet our expectations and may prove to be unprofitable which could lead to impairments of amounts capitalized and negatively impact our operating results. Furthermore, volatility in the level of services generated at our international operations, particularly in China, may add volatility to our quarterly and annual operating results.

Changing market conditions in China have created uncertainties over and may adversely affect the sustainability, at current levels, and the future growth of our coin business in China.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we entered into a multi-year agreement to provide coin authentication and grading services to a customer in China, which distributes custom designed and packaged collectible coins in the "bank channel" in mainland China. That agreement provided that the customer would obtain authentication and grading services for coins for the banking channel from us and we would provide such services for banking channel coins exclusively for that customer. In fiscal 2018, that customer accounted for 53% of our revenues from China and 6% of our total revenues. Due to changing market conditions in China, and a desire to broaden our customer base and reduce our dependence on this customer, in February 2018 we notified the customer that we had decided to terminate our exclusive arrangement with it, but that we were prepared to continue to authenticate and grade coins for the customer on a non-exclusive basis. At this time, it is difficult to predict the effects that this action will have on future submissions from that existing customer or how successful we will be in attracting authenticating and grading submissions from competing distributors of coins to the banking channel in China. As a result, there is no assurance that we will be able to sustain our revenues in China at fiscal 2018 levels or grow those revenues. If we are unable to do so, our operating results and earnings will be negatively impacted. See also " MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS-Factors that can Affect our Ope r ating Results and Financial Position " below.

Our business is subject to risks associated with doing business outside the United States.

We have expanded our coin authentication and grading businesses into foreign markets including Europe, Hong Kong and mainland China. Those operations pose risks that might adversely affect, possibly materially, our future financial performance. Those risks include the following:

We invoice our overseas customers for our coin authentication and grading services in the local foreign currency in the country in which the business operates, except in the case of Hong Kong, where we invoice our customers in U.S. dollars. In fiscal 2018, the impact of fluctuations in foreign currencies on our financial results was immaterial. There can, however, be no assurance that there will not be changes in foreign exchange rates that would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the future.

We are dependent on our key management personnel.

Our performance is greatly dependent on the performance of our senior management and certain other key employees. As a result, the loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key management employees could harm our business. Some of our executive officers and key employees are experts in the collectibles markets and have industry-wide reputations for authentication and grading of collectibles. The loss of any of those officers or other key employees, could have a negative effect on our reputation for expertise in the collectibles markets that we serve and could lead to a reduction in authentication and grading submissions to us and thereby result in decreases in revenues and profitability.

We are dependent on our collectibles experts.

In each of our markets, there are a limited number of individuals who have the expertise to authenticate and grade collectibles, and competition for available collectibles experts is intense. Accordingly, our business and our growth initiatives are heavily dependent on our ability (i) to retain our existing collectibles experts, who have developed relatively unique skills and enjoy a reputation for being experts within the collectibles markets, and (ii) to implement personnel programs to enable us to add collectibles experts, as necessary, to grow our business, both in the United States and overseas and to offset employee turnover that can occur from time to time. Moreover, some of our experts could and have left our Company to join competitors or start competing businesses. If we are not successful in retaining our existing collectibles experts or in hiring and training new collectibles experts, this could limit our ability to grow our business and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

D amage to our reputation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have developed a reputation as one of the leading third party providers of collectibles authentication and grading services, as well as related services, as a result of a number of factors including, we believe, the rigorousness and consistency of our grading standards and the integrity of our grading processes, which enables us to provide warranty protection to our customers, our knowledge of the collectibles markets in which we operate, and innovative programs and services that we have developed and are able to offer to our customers, including the Collectors Club, our Set Registry Programs and our Certified Coin Exchange dealer-to-dealer Internet bid-ask market. As a result, our continued success is heavily dependent on our maintaining that reputation among collectibles dealers and collectors. Failures or errors in authentication or grading processes, such as inconsistent application of grading standards or incidents that put the integrity of those processes into question, could significantly impair our reputation in the marketplace which, in turn, could lead to a loss of customer confidence and a decrease in the demand for our services and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could suffer losses on authentication and grading warranties.

In general, we issue an authenticity or grading warranty for coins and trading cards that we authenticate or grade. Those warranties provide that:

We have no insurance coverage for claims made under these warranties, and therefore we maintain reserves for such warranty claims based on historical experience. However, there is no assurance that these warranty reserves will prove to be adequate, and as we expand our services in overseas markets, we may incur higher warranty claims than we have experienced in the past. If our warranty reserves prove to be inadequate, our gross margin and operating results could be harmed. As a result, we monitor the adequacy of our warranty reserves on an ongoing basis.

Increased competition could adversely affect our financial performance.

Although there are few major competitors in the collectibles authentication and grading markets in which we currently operate, competition in these markets is, nevertheless, intense. Increased competition in our collectibles markets could adversely affect our pricing and profit margins and our ability to achieve further growth, and we cannot provide assurances that we will continue to be successful in competing against existing or future competitors in our collectibles markets. Also, if we were to enter into new collectibles markets, it is likely we would face intense competition from existing competitors in those markets who are likely to have greater brand name recognition and long-term relationships with collectibles dealers and individual collectors in those markets than we will have. Such competition could adversely affect our ability to generate profits and could cause us to incur losses or impairment charges in those markets and damage our financial condition.

There is no assurance that we will continue to pay cash dividends at current levels or at all .

As previously reported, the continued payment of cash dividends is subject to a number of factors, including changes in market and financial conditions and the cash requirements of our business. On February 4, 2018 the Board of Directors approved a reduction in the amount of quarterly cash dividends to $0.175 per share from $0.35 per share. Although, we consider the new dividend policy to be at a more sustainable level, there is no assurance that the amount of the current quarterly cash dividend will not be further reduced or the payment of cash dividends will not be suspended or discontinued altogether by the Board of Directors. See "MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES " ─Dividends in Part II, Item 5 of this Annual Report. A further reduction in the amount of our quarterly dividend could adversely affect our stock price.

Our reliance on a limited number of suppliers for principally all of our "tamper-evident," clear plastic coin and trading card holders exposes us to potential supply and quality problems.

We place all of the coins and trading cards that we authenticate and grade, in tamper-evident, clear plastic holders and related gaskets. In addition, we incorporate security features into the holders to mitigate the risk of counterfeits. In order to take advantage of volume-pricing discounts, we purchase substantially all of those holders, from a limited number of suppliers. For our highest volume most critical plastic parts, we now have back-up suppliers and dies used in the manufacture of those parts. Some of our back-up suppliers for these plastic holders are not U.S. based suppliers. In addition, when developing new holders, we concentrate the purchase of holders through one supplier initially. Our reliance on a limited number of suppliers for a substantial portion of those plastic holders could expose us to the potential for delays in our ability to deliver timely authentication and grading services in the event that a supplier was to terminate its services to us or encounter financial or production problems. If, in such an event, we were unable to obtain replacement holders from our back-up suppliers in a relatively short period of time, we could lose customer orders, or incur additional production costs. To mitigate this risk, the Company (i) owns the dies used to manufacture the parts, (ii) has increased its inventory of holders, to give us more time to arrange for production from other suppliers in the event of a termination of or interruption in service from our existing suppliers. If holders obtained from alternative suppliers are not of consistent quality, we could be exposed to additional warranty claims because tampering with those holders may not be as readily detectible. In addition, using overseas suppliers for holders may expose us to a higher risk of counterfeit holders and thereby higher warranty claims that could damage to our reputation. These factors could cause a decline in our net revenues and increases in our costs of sales which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate.

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted on December 22, 2017, and significantly affected U.S. tax law by changing how the U.S. imposes income tax on U.S. and multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretative guidance that may significantly impact how we will apply the law which could impact our tax obligations in the period issued.

The Tax Act requires complex computations not previously required under U.S. tax law. As such, the application of accounting guidance for such items is currently uncertain. Further, compliance with the Tax Act and the accounting for such provisions could require accumulation of information not previously required or regularly produced. Additional regulatory guidance as issued by the applicable taxing authorities, could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate.

Our computer systems and network systems may be vulnerable to system failure due to a lack of redundant systems at other locations.

Our operations are dependent on our ability to protect our computer systems against damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, fires, earthquakes and similar catastrophic events. In this regard, Southern California, where we are located and our computer systems are housed, is particularly vulnerable to earthquakes and fires that could result in damage to our computer systems that could cause interruptions of our services. Additionally, we could encounter disruptions that would harm our business as a result of problems on the internet or actions of internet users that could make it difficult for our customers to access our websites. Difficulties encountered during planned system upgrades or re-implementations also could lead to disruptions of our services.

We do not have redundant computer systems at any locations that are remote from Southern California. As a result, if any such events, disruptions or other of these problems were to occur, we could become unable to access information that is critically important to our ability to continue our operations without costly interruptions in the delivery of our services which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to online security risks, including security breaches .

In the ordinary course of our business, we receive and store confidential personally identifiable information provided to us by our customers, such as passwords and credit card information.

An increasing number of large internet companies and traditional "brick and mortar" businesses have disclosed security breaches of their websites and computer systems that have led to the interruptions of service and, in certain cases, the misappropriation or theft of confidential personally identifiable information of their customers (often referred to as "identity theft"). Because the techniques used by the perpetrators of such security breaches change frequently and may be difficult to detect, like those companies and businesses, we may be unable to anticipate the techniques used in such breaches or to implement adequate preventative measures. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical causes such as, for example, actions of employees or third party service providers. Our servers also are vulnerable to computer viruses or malware and physical or electronic break-ins that could prevent our customers from accessing our online services. In addition, hardware that we develop or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security or disrupt our operations. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide for secure storage and transmissions of confidential information, including customer passwords and payment card numbers. However, as the recent disclosures by large internet companies and traditional businesses indicate, such technology may not be sufficient to enable us to detect or prevent security breaches or the misappropriation or theft of personally identifiable customer information, which could damage our reputation and lead customers to discontinue their use of our services.

In addition, security breaches could result in a violation of privacy and other applicable laws, thereby exposing us to potentially significant legal or financial exposure to government (including overseas governments) actions and private litigation. Governmental agencies (both domestic and foreign) investigating any such breaches may seek to impose fines or other monetary penalties on us or to seek injunctive relief that could materially increase our data security costs and adversely impact our operations.

We rely on third parties for various Internet and processing services.

Our operations depend on a number of third parties for Internet access and delivery services. We have limited control over these third parties and no long-term relationships with any of them. For example, we do not own a gateway onto the Internet, but, instead, rely on Internet service providers to connect our website to the Internet. Should the third parties that we rely on for Internet access or delivery services be unable to serve our needs for a sustained time period as a result of a strike, natural disaster or for any other reason, our revenues and business could be harmed.

Acquisitions , the commencement of new businesses and expansion into overseas markets, present risks, and we may be unable to achieve our financial and strategic goals related to those activities.

There may be opportunities that present themselves to acquire existing businesses, commence new businesses or expand our markets through foreign expansion that would give us the opportunity to increase our revenues and our earnings. The purchase or commencement of a new business , or the expansion of our overseas businesses, however, present a number of risks and uncertainties, including (i) difficulties in integrating a new business or a new location into our existing operations, as a result of which we may incur increased operating costs that can adversely affect our operating results; (ii) the risk that our current and planned facilities, computer systems and personnel and controls will not be adequate to support our expanded operations; (iii) the diversion of management time and capital resources from our existing businesses, which could adversely affect the performance of our existing businesses and our operating results; (iv) dependence on key management personnel of the acquired or newly started businesses or at the new geographic locations and the risk that we will be unable to integrate or retain such personnel; and (v)  the risk that the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or of the commencement of any new business or overseas operations may not be realized or changes we make to an acquired business may harm the performance of that business, in which event we will not be able to achieve an acceptable return or we may incur losses on our investments.

We depend on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

We believe that our trademarks and other proprietary rights are important to our success and competitive position. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyright and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights. However, the actions we take to establish and protect our intellectual and other proprietary rights may prove to be inadequate to prevent imitation of our services or products, especially in international markets, or to prevent others from claiming violations of their intellectual and proprietary rights by us. In addition, others may develop similar trade secrets or other intellectual property independently or assert rights in our intellectual and other proprietary rights that could lead them to seek to block sales of our services based on allegations that use of some of our marks or other intellectual property constitutes a violation of their intellectual property rights.

Our unregistered trademarks could conflict with trademarks of others.

We have not conducted an exhaustive search of possible prior users of our unregistered trademarks or service marks. Therefore, it is possible that our use of some of these trademarks or service marks may conflict with the rights of others. As a result, we could face litigation or lose the use of some of these trademarks or service marks, which could have an adverse effect on our name recognition and result in a decrease in our revenues and an increase in our expenses.

The imposition of government regulations could increase our costs of doing business.

With the exception of state laws applicable to autograph authentication, the collectible coin and other high-value collectibles markets are not currently subject to direct federal, state, local or overseas regulation. However, from time to time government authorities discuss additional regulations which could impose restrictions on the collectibles industry, such as regulating collectibles as securities or requiring collectibles dealers to meet registration or reporting requirements, or regulating the conduct of collectibles auction businesses. Adoption of laws or regulations of this nature could lead to a decline in sales and purchases of collectibles and, therefore, also to a decline in the volume of coins, trading cards and other collectibles that are submitted to us for authentication and grading.

The market for our shares is limited, which may adversely affect the trading value and liquidity of our common stock.

As of June 30, 2018, affiliates of the Company owned a total of approximately 1,170,000 shares (or about 13% of the 9,015,183 shares outstanding) and therefore those shares are not included in our public float. As a result of this and other factors, the trading volume of our shares is relatively low, at a daily average of approximately 68,000 shares during the 90 days ended July 13, 2018, which reduces the liquidity of our shares, making it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares if the need to do so arises. These factors may depress, and make it more difficult to achieve increases in, the trading prices of our shares.

If our quarterly results are below market expectations, the price of our common stock may decline.

Many factors, including those described in this "Risk Factors" section, can affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, which makes the prediction of our future financial results difficult and uncertain. These factors include:

If, as a result of these or other conditions or factors, our quarterly operating results fall below market expectations, some of our stockholders may sell their shares, which could adversely affect the trading prices of our common stock. Additionally, in the past, companies that have experienced declines in the trading prices of their shares due to events of this nature have been the subject of securities class action litigation. If we become involved in a securities class action litigation in the future, it could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management's attention and resources, thus harming our business.

Provisions in our charter documents or in Delaware law may make an acquisition of us more difficult or delay a change in control, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions, including those listed below, that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders:

Moreover, the fact that our affiliates own approximately 13% of our outstanding shares may deter third parties from seeking to acquire control of the Company.

ITE M 1B.      UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES

On February 3, 2017, the Company, as tenant, entered into an office lease (as amended), pursuant to which the Company is leasing approximately 62,755 rentable square feet space for its headquarters office and principal business operations. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is responsible for its share of real estate taxes, building insurance and maintenance costs ("triple net"). The term of this new lease is for 10 years and 10 months, which commenced on the completion of tenant improvements, which were completed on or about December 1, 2017. The Company is entitled to an abatement of the monthly rent for the period from the 2 nd month through the 11 th month of the lease term, provided there is no default by the Company in its obligations under the lease. The landlord contributed approximately $2.9 million to the tenant improvements. Aggregate minimum obligations over the term of the lease will be approximately $14.2 million.

We also lease smaller facilities for our overseas operations including a five year lease for our Shanghai office that commenced in November 2017, with aggregate minimum obligations over the term of the lease of approximately $3.0 million and a three year lease for our Hong Kong office that commenced in July 2018 with aggregate minimum obligations over the term of the lease of approximately $625,000.

ITEM 3.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are named from time to time as a defendant in lawsuits that arise in the ordinary course of business.

We establish accruals for lawsuits or disputes when it is determined that a loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Accruals can be adjusted from time to time, in light of additional information. We do not believe that any of such lawsuits that are currently pending are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT

JOSEPH J. ORLANDO was appointed as the Company's Chief Executive Officer effective October 9, 2017. Mr. Orlando joined the Company in 1999 and in 2002 was promoted to the position of President of Professional Sports Authenticators, the Company's sports trading card authentication and grading division. In 2003, he was also appointed as President of PSA/DNA, the Company's autograph and memorabilia authentication division. Mr. Orlando has an extensive knowledge of the collectibles markets, which will be valuable in evaluating the Company's strategic initiatives in, those markets. Mr. Orlando has earned both a Bachelor's Degree and a Law Degree.

DAVID G. HALL has served as President of Collectors Universe since October 2001 and as a Director since its founding in February 1999. From April 2000 to September 2001, Mr. Hall served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and as Chairman of the Board from February 1999 to October 2001. Mr. Hall was a director of Professional Coin Grading Service, Inc., and was its Chief Executive Officer from 1986 to February 1999, when it was acquired by the Company. Mr. Hall was honored in 1999 by COINage Magazine as Numismatist of the Century, along with 14 other individuals. In 1990, Mr. Hall was named Orange County Entrepreneur of the Year by INC. Magazine . In addition, Mr. Hall has written A Mercenary's Guide to the Rare Coin Market , a book dedicated to coin collecting. Mr. Hall invented and introduced the concept of and developed the business of independent third party grading of high value collectible coins and sports cards. He is also known in the numismatics community as one of the leading experts in identifying and grading high value collectible coins and he is in demand as a speaker at coin conventions and trade shows. Mr. Hall holds a Professional Director Certification from the American College of Corporate Directors, a public company director education and credentialing organization.

JOSEPH J. WALLACE became the Company's Chief Financial Officer in September 2005. Prior to becoming Chief Financial Officer, he was the Company's Vice President of Finance from November 2004 and Controller from June 2004. From 1997 to 2003, Mr. Wallace was Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of STM Wireless, Inc., a publicly traded company engaged in the business of developing, manufacturing and marketing satellite communications products and services. Mr. Wallace is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland, and a CPA in the State of California.

PART II

ITEM 5.     MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market, trading under the symbol CLCT. The following tables set forth the high and low closing prices of our common stock, as reported by NASDAQ, and the cash dividends per share that we paid to our stockholders, in each of the fiscal quarters in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

We had approximately 102 holders of record and approximately 7,310 beneficial owners of our common stock as of June 30, 2018.

Dividends . In February 2018, the Board of Directors reduced the Company's quarterly cash dividend to $0.175, for an annual dividend of $0.70 per share. The previous dividend policy was $0.35 per share per quarter, and applied for the period January 2015 to January 2018. Dividends paid to our stockholders in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 totaled $9.1 million, $11.9 million, and $12.0 million, respectively.

The declaration and payment of cash dividends in the future, pursuant to the Company's dividend policy, is subject to final determination each quarter by the Board of Directors based on a number of factors, including the Company's financial performance and its available cash resources, its cash requirements and alternative uses of cash that the Board may conclude would represent an opportunity to generate a greater return on investment for the Company and its stockholders. Accordingly, there is no assurance that, in the future, the amount of the quarterly cash dividend will not be reduced or that the payment of dividends will not be suspended or altogether discontinued.

Share Buyback Program . In December 2005, our Board of Directors approved a share buyback program that authorized us to repurchase up to $10,000,000 of our shares of common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules, when opportunities to make such repurchases, at attractive prices, become available. As of June 30, 2018, there remained $3.7 million available for future share repurchases under this program. There were no repurchases of shares under this program in fiscal 2018, 2017 or 2016. Moreover, we are under no obligation to repurchase any additional shares under this program, and the timing, actual number and value of any additional shares that may be repurchased by us under this program will depend on a number of factors, including the Company's future financial performance, the Company's available cash resources and competing uses for the cash, prevailing market prices of the Company's common stock, the number of shares that become available for sale at prices that the Company believes are attractive and the effect that such repurchases may have on our public float and the market liquidity of our shares.

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAP H

The following graph compares, for each of the years in the five year period ended June 30, 2018, the cumulative total returns for the Company and for (i) the companies included in the Russell 2000 Index, of which the Company was a member, and (ii) an index of fourteen companies that we selected (the "Peer Group").

The companies comprising the Peer Group and their respective trading symbols are: Cass Information Systems Inc. ("CASS"), Cherokee Inc. ("CHKE"), Daily Journal Corp. ("DJCO"), Forward Industries Inc. ("FORD"), Innodata Inc. ("INOD"), Jetpay Corp. ("JYPY"), Lakeland Industries Inc. ("LAKE"), PRGX Global Inc. ("PRGX"), Reis Inc. ("REIS"), Sequential Brands Group Inc. ("SQBG"), Techtarget Inc. ("TTGT"), Value Line Inc. ("VALU"), and Xo Group Inc. ("XOXO"). The cumulative total return data for these companies was obtained from Thomson Reuters.

The selection of Peer Group companies presented a challenge for us, because of the relative uniqueness of our business, which consists primarily of providing authentication and grading and information services to collectibles dealers and to individuals who collect and buy and sell coins and other high value collectibles.

At June 30,

This Stock Performance Graph assumes that $100 was invested, on June 30, 2013, in the Company's shares, the Russell 2000 Index and in the shares of the companies in the Peer Group Index, respectively, and that any dividends paid for the indicated periods were reinvested. Stockholder returns shown in the Stock Performance Graph are not necessarily indicative of future stock performance.

This above performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Collectors Universe, Inc. under that Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended .

ITEM 6.  SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected operating data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected balance sheet data at June 30, 2018 and 2017 set forth below are derived from the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected operating data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 and the related balance sheet data at June 30, 2016, 2015, and 2014 were derived from audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report. The following selected consolidated data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included below in this Annual Report.

Our Continuing Operations . The results of our continuing operations, as set forth in the table below, consist primarily of the results of operations of our collectible coin, trading card, autographs and memorabilia authentication and grading businesses and our Coinflation.com, Certified Coin Exchange ("CCE") and Expos businesses for each of the fiscal years in the five-year period ended June 30, 2018.

Our Discontinued Operations . The results of our discontinued operations, as set forth in the table below, consist primarily of accretion expense associated with the remaining lease obligations of our former jewelry businesses and royalty income realized from our former currency grading business, net of income taxes.

ITEM 7.      MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes, included elsewhere in Part II of this Annual Report. This discussion also should be read in conjunction with the information in Item IA of Part I of this Report, entitled "Risk Factors," which contains information about certain risks and uncertainties that can affect our business and our financial performance in the future.

Introduction and Overview

Our Business

Collectors Universe, Inc. ("we", "us" "management" "our" or the "Company") provides authentication and grading services to dealers and collectors of coins, trading cards, event tickets, autographs, and sports and historical memorabilia. We believe that our authentication and grading services add value to these collectibles by providing dealers and collectors with a high level of assurance as to the authenticity and quality of the collectibles they seek to buy or sell; thereby enhancing their marketability and providing increased liquidity to the dealers and collectors and consumers that own, buy and sell such collectibles.

We principally generate revenues from the fees paid by our customers for our authentication and grading services. To a much lesser extent, we generate revenues from "other related services" which consist of: (i) the sale of advertising and commissions earned on our websites; (ii) the sale of printed publications, and advertising in our publications; (iii) the sale of membership subscriptions in our Collectors Club, which is designed primarily to attract interest in collectibles among new collectors; (iv) the sale of subscriptions to our CCE dealer-to-dealer Internet bid-ask market for certified coins; and (v) the management and operation of collectibles trade shows and conventions. We also generate revenues from sales of our collectibles inventory, which is primarily comprised of collectible coins that we have purchased under our coin grading warranty program; however, such product sales are neither the focus nor an integral part of our on-going revenue generating activities.

Factors That Can Affect Operating Results and our Financial Position

Factors T hat C an Affect our Revenue . Our authentication and grading fees accounted for approximately 88% of our total net revenues in the year ended June 30, 2018. The amounts of those fees are primarily driven by the volume and mix of coin and collectibles sales and purchase transactions by collectibles dealers and collectors, because our collectibles authentication and grading services generally facilitate sales and purchases of coins and other high value collectibles by providing dealers and collectors with a high level of assurance as to the authenticity and quality of the collectibles they seek to sell or buy. Consequently, dealers and collectors most often submit coins and other collectibles to us for authentication and grading at those times when they are in the market to sell or buy coins and other high-value collectibles.

The amounts of our authentication and grading revenues are affected by (i) the volume and mix of authentication and grading submissions among coins and trading cards, (ii) in the case of coins and trading cards, the "turnaround" times requested by our customers, because we charge higher fees for faster service times; and (iii) the mix of authentication and grading submissions between vintage or "classic" coins and trading cards, on the one hand, and modern coins and trading cards, on the other hand, because, as vintage or classic collectibles are of significantly higher value they justify a higher average service fee. Our fees are generally not based on the value of the collectible, except for special coin services requested by customers, for which we charge supplemental fees that are based on the value of the coin. In fiscal 2018, U.S. vintage coin revenues decreased by $2.0 million or 13% due to a general slowness in the coin market, although in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, vintage coin revenues were consistent with the level generated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.

Our U.S. coin authentication and grading revenues are impacted by the volume of modern coin submissions, which can fluctuate from period to period, depending on the timing and size of modern coin marketing programs by the United States Mint and by customers or dealers who specialize in sales of such coins. In the year ended June 30, 2018, U.S. modern coin authentication and grading revenues declined by approximately $3.7 million, or 27% as compared to fiscal 2017, due to lower activity in the modern coin market in the United States, mainly due to lower sales of modern coins by the U.S. Mint.

Our overseas revenues can fluctuate in China and in our other overseas operations due to the number of authentication and of our grading events we conduct at our overseas operations on a quarterly basis. We achieved increases in coin authentication and grading revenues in China, in the year ended June 30, 2018, of $1.1 million, or 16% as compared to fiscal 2017, which was attributable to the growth of our base business in China, as we continue to grow brand awareness in that region. However, in absolute dollar terms, our China business is significantly dependent on a customer that sells our graded coins in the banking channel in China and that customer represented about 53% of our China revenues in fiscal year 2018. Through February 2018, that customer had an exclusive relationship with us for sales of our graded coins into the banking channel. However, due to changing market conditions in China, and a desire to broaden our customer base and reduce our dependence on that customer, in February 2018, we notified the customer that we had decided to terminate the exclusive relationship but advising the customer that we are prepared to continue to authenticate and grade coins on a non-exclusive basis. At this time, it is too early to predict the effect this action will have on future coin submissions from this existing customer or how successful we will be in attracting submissions from other competing banking channel customers, as our experience is that such revenue from the banking channel occur in the first half of our fiscal year. However, we believe that the termination of the exclusive relationship with the customer will enable us to provide authentication and grading services to other parties in the banking channel in China, that over time, will ultimately increase our China revenues.

Our revenues are also affected by the volume of coin authentication and grading submissions we receive at collectibles trade shows where we provide on-site authentication and grading services to show attendees, because they typically request higher-priced same-day turnaround for the coins they submit to us for authentication and grading at those shows. The level of trade show submissions varies from period to period depending upon a number of factors, including the number and the timing of the shows in each period and the volume of collectible coins that are bought and sold at those shows by dealers and collectors. In addition, the number of such submissions and, therefore, the revenues and gross profit margin we generate from the authentication and grading of coins at trade shows can be impacted by short-term changes in the prices of gold should they occur around the time of the shows, because gold prices can affect the willingness of dealers and collectors to sell and purchase coins at the shows. In fiscal 2018, U.S. trade show revenues decreased by $1.7 million or 23% due to lower activity at trade shows, although in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, show activity improved on a per show basis.

Five of our customers accounted, in the aggregate, for approximately 16% of our total net revenues in the year ended June 30, 2018. As a result, the loss of any of those customers, or a significant decrease in the volume of grading submissions from any of them to us, could cause our net revenues to decline and, therefore, could adversely affect our results of operations.

The following table provides information regarding the respective numbers of coins, trading cards and autographs that we authenticated or graded in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

The following table sets forth the estimated values at which our customers insured the coins, trading cards, and autographs that they submitted to us for grading or authentication:

Factors Affecting our Gross Profit Margins . The gross profit margins we earn on collectibles authentication and grading submissions are impacted by many of the same factors that impact our revenues, as the average service fee and the resulting gross profit margin earned is affected by (i) the volume and mix of those submissions among coins, trading cards and other collectibles, because we generally realize higher margins on coin submissions than on submissions of other collectibles; (ii) in the case of coins and trading cards, the "turnaround" times requested by our customers, because we charge higher fees for faster service times, and (iii) the level of other related services in any reporting period. In addition, because a significant proportion of our costs of sales are fixed in nature in the short-term, our gross profit margin is also affected by the overall volume of collectibles that we authenticate and grade in any period.

Impact of Economic Conditions on our Financial Performance. As discussed above, our operating results are affected primarily by the number of collectibles transactions by collectibles dealers and collectors which, in turn, is primarily affected by (i) the cash flows generated by collectibles dealers and their confidence about future economic conditions, which affect their willingness and the ability of such dealers to purchase collectibles for resale; (ii) the availability and cost of borrowings because collectibles dealers often rely on borrowings to fund their purchases of collectibles, (iii) the disposable income available to collectors and their confidence about future economic conditions, because high-value collectibles are generally purchased with disposable income; (iv) prevailing and anticipated rates of inflation and the strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar, and uncertainties regarding the strength of the economy in the United States, Western Europe and China, because conditions and uncertainties of this nature often lead investors and consumers to purchase or invest in gold and silver coins as a hedge against inflation or reductions in the purchasing power of the U.S. currency; as well as an alternative to investments in government bonds and other treasury instruments; and (v) the performance and volatility of the gold and other precious metals markets, which can affect the level of purchases and sales of collectible coins, because investors and consumers will often increase their purchases of gold coins, as well as other hard assets if they believe that the market prices of those assets will increase. As a result, the volume of collectibles transactions and, therefore, the demand for our authentication and grading services, generally increase during periods characterized by increases in disposable income and the availability of lower cost borrowings, on the one hand, or increases in inflation or in gold prices, economic uncertainties and declines in business and consumer confidence or a weakening of the U.S. dollar on the other hand. By contrast, collectibles transactions and, therefore, the demand for our services generally decline during periods characterized by economic downturns or recessions, declines in consumer and business confidence, an absence of inflationary pressures, or periods of stagnation or a downward trend in the market prices of gold. However, these conditions can sometimes counteract each other as it is not uncommon, for example, for investors to shift funds from gold to securities or other investments during periods of economic growth and growing consumer and business confidence and from stocks and other investments to gold during periods of economic uncertainties and decreases in disposable income and consumer and in business confidence.

Fact ors That Can Affect our Liquidity and Financial Position . A substantial number of our authentication and grading customers pay our authentication and grading fees when they submit their collectibles to us for authentication and grading or prior to the shipment of the collectible back to them. As a result, historically, we have been able to rely on internally generated cash to fund our continuing operations. However, as discussed in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report, and in "Liquidity and Capital Resources- Outstanding Financial Obligations " below, to augment our cash resources, in January 2017 the Company obtained a $10 million three year unsecured revolving credit line from a commercial bank. In addition, in September 2017, the Company obtained a five-year $3,500,000 unsecured term loan, primarily to fund capital expenditures and costs associated with the move to our new operations and headquarters facility, in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

In addition to the operating performance of our businesses, and in particular our coin authentication and grading business which accounts for over 60% of our revenues, the overall financial position can also be affected by other factors, including the Company's tax position, the dividend policy adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, the level of capital expenditures, such as the expenditures made in connection with the relocation and build-out of our new operations and headquarters facility in fiscal 2018, the Company's decisions to invest in and to fund the acquisition of established and/or early stage businesses and any borrowings or capital raising activities or stock repurchases. Furthermore, our domestic cash position can be impacted by delays in the timing of the repatriation of cash balances back to the United States from China, due to the exchange control regulations in China.

On February 4, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a reduction in the amount of our future quarterly cash dividends to $0.175 per share, from $0.35 per share, primarily to provide the Company with additional cash that the Board of Directors believes will be needed to grow the Company's existing businesses, to fund other potential growth opportunities and to enhance the Company's financial flexibility. The Board of Directors also concluded that this change will make the payment of future cash dividends sustainable for a longer term.

We currently expect that internally generated cash flows, current cash and cash equivalent balances and availability of borrowings under our line of credit facility, will be sufficient to fund our continuing operations at least through the end of fiscal 2019.

Trends in our Businesses

Our overall financial performance is largely dependent on the performance of our coin authentication and grading business which can be impacted by volatility in that business. In fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, revenues from coin authentication and grading and other related services represented 63%, 68%, and 66%, respectively, of our total consolidated revenues. In fiscal 2018, coin revenues in the United States decreased by $6.4 million or 17% which was the primary cause of the reduction of the $6.9 million or 40% in consolidated operating income before stock-based compensation in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017. Our quarterly results can also be significantly impacted by seasonality and the timing of revenues from modern coin programs (that are largely dependent on new coins issuances from the US Mint) and the level of coin submissions from a China customer, that sells into the banking channel in China. See " Factors That Can Affect our Revenue " above.

Overview of Fiscal 201 8 Operating Results

The following table sets forth comparative financial data for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

Net revenues decreased by 2% to $68.4 million in fiscal 2018, from the record revenues of $70.2 million generated in fiscal 2017 and primarily comprised (i) increased cards and autographs revenues of $3.1 million or 17%, (ii) increased China and overseas coin revenues of $1.7 million or 18% offset by (iii) decreased U.S. coin revenue of $6.4 million or 17%.

Operating income in fiscal 2018 decreased by $4.2 million to $9.0 million from $13.2 million in fiscal 2017, primarily due to the lower U.S. coin revenues as discussed above and moving and lease exit costs of approximately $0.6 million in, connection with the move to the Company's new operations and headquarters facility, partially offset by lower non-cash stock based compensation expense of $2.6 million in fiscal 2018.

Income from continuing operations reflects a lower annual effective tax rate in fiscal 2018. See critical Accounting Policies and Estimates: Income taxes, Deferred Tax Assets and Valuation Allowances below.

These, as well as other factors affecting our operating results are described in more detail below. See "Factors that Can Affect our Operating Results and Financial Position" and "Results of Operations", below.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

General. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), we record our assets at the lower of cost, net realizable value or fair value. In determining the fair value of certain of our assets, principally accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, capitalized software and intangible assets, we must make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding circumstances or trends that could affect the value of those assets, such as economic conditions or circumstances that could impact, for example our ability to fully collect our accounts receivable or realize the value of our inventories, in future periods. Those judgments, estimates, and assumptions are based on current information available to us at that time. Many of these conditions and circumstances on which our judgments or estimates are based; however, are outside of our control and, if changes were to occur in the events, or other circumstances on which our judgments or estimates were based, or other unanticipated events were to happen that might affect our operations, we may be required under GAAP to adjust our earlier estimates. Changes in such estimates may require that we reduce the carrying values of the affected assets on our balance sheet (which are commonly referred to as "write-downs" of the assets involved).

It is our practice to establish reserves, allowances, charges or losses to record such downward adjustments or write-downs in the carrying value of assets, such as, for example, accounts receivable and inventory. Such write-downs are recorded as charges to income or increases in expense in our statement of operations in the period when those reserves, allowances, charges or losses are established or increased to take account of changed conditions or events. As a result, our judgments, estimates and assumptions about future events and changes in the conditions, events or trends upon which those estimates and judgments were made, can and will affect not only the amounts at which we record such assets on our balance sheet, but also our results of operations.

The decisions as to the timing of adjustments or write-downs of this nature also require subjective evaluations or assessments and judgments about the effects and duration of events or changes in circumstances. For example, it is difficult to predict whether events or conditions, such as increases in interest rates or economic slowdowns, will have short or longer term consequences for our business, and it is not uncommon for it to take some time after the occurrence of an event or the onset of changes in economic circumstances for their full effects to be recognized. Therefore, management makes such estimates based upon the information available at that time and reevaluates and adjusts the Company's reserves, allowances, charges or losses for potential write-downs on a quarterly basis.

In addition, we also make estimates with respect to the (i) valuation of stock-based compensation awards and the timing and recognition of related stock-based compensation expense and in particular, the timing and recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with the Company's Long-Term Incentive Plans, (ii) the amount and adequacy of warranty reserves, (iii) the provision for income taxes and related valuation allowances, (iv) the carrying value of capitalized software costs (v) the valuation of coin and grading consumable inventory, and (vi) the impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.

In making our estimates and assumptions, we follow GAAP in order to make fair and consistent estimates of the fair value of assets and to establish adequate reserves, allowances, charges or losses for possible write-downs in the carrying values of our assets.

Set forth below is a summary of the accounting policies and critical estimates that we believe are material to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition Policies . We generally record revenue at the time of shipment of the authenticated and graded collectible to the customer, net of any taxes collected. Due to the normal insignificant delay between the completion of our grading and authentication services and the shipment of the collectible or other high-value asset back to the customer, the time of shipment corresponds to the completion of our services. We recognize revenue from the sales of special inserts at the time the customer takes legal title to the insert. Many of our authentication and grading customers prepay our authentication and grading fees when they submit their collectibles to us for authentication and grading. We record those prepayments as deferred revenue until the collectibles have been authenticated and graded and shipped back to our customers. At that time, we record the revenues from the authentication and grading services we have performed for the customer and deduct this amount from deferred revenue. For certain dealers to whom we extend credit privileges, we record revenue at the time of shipment of the authenticated and graded collectible to the dealer.

A portion of our net revenues is comprised of subscription fees paid by customers for memberships in our Collectors Club. Those memberships entitle members access to our on-line and printed publications and, in some cases, include vouchers for free grading services. The balance of the membership fee is recognized over the life of the membership on a time apportioned basis. We recognize revenue attributable to grading vouchers on a specific basis through expiration and classify such revenues as part of grading and authentication fees.

In the case of our Expos trade show business, we recognize revenue generated by the promotion, management and operation of each of its collectibles conventions or trade shows in the fiscal period in which the convention or show takes place.

We recognize Certified Coin Exchange's subscription revenues ratably over the relevant subscription period. Advertising revenues are recognized in the period when the advertisement is displayed in our publications or websites. Click-through commissions earned through our website from third party affiliate programs are recognized in the period in which the commissions is earned.

We also recognize the revenue from the sales of coins when they are shipped to the customer. Such sales consist primarily of collectible coins that we have purchased pursuant to our coin authentication and grading warranty program and those sales are not the focus, and are not considered to be an integral part, of our ongoing revenue generating activities.

Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. In the normal course of our authentication and grading business, we extend payment terms to many of the larger, more creditworthy dealers who submit collectibles to us for authentication and grading on an ongoing basis. We regularly review our accounts receivable and exercise judgment in estimating the amounts of, and establish an allowance for, uncollectible accounts in each quarterly period. The amount of that allowance is based on several factors, including the age and extent of significant past due accounts and known conditions or trends that may affect the ability of account debtors to pay their accounts receivable balances. Each quarter we review our estimates of uncollectible amounts and, if necessary, adjust the allowance to take account of changes in economic or other conditions or trends that we believe will have an adverse effect on the ability of any of our specific account debtors to pay their accounts in full. Since the allowance is increased by recording a charge against income that is reflected in general and administrative expenses, an increase in the allowance will cause an increase in such expenses. At June 30, 2018 and 2017, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $80,000, and $77,000, respectively.

Inventory Valuation Reserves. Our collectibles inventories, which consist of collectible coins that we have purchased pursuant to our coin warranty program and other consumable inventory related to our authentication and grading activities, are valued at the lower of cost or estimated fair value and have been reduced by an inventory valuation allowance to provide for potential declines in the value of those inventories below their carrying values. The amount of the allowance is determined and is periodically adjusted on the basis of market knowledge, historical experience and estimates concerning future economic conditions or trends that may impact the sales value of the collectibles inventories. Additionally, due to the relative uniqueness and special features of some of the collectible coins included in our collectibles inventory and the volatility in the prices of precious metals, valuation of such collectibles often involves judgments that are more subjective than those that are required when determining the market values of more standardized products. As a result, we review the estimated market values of the collectibles in our inventory on a quarterly basis and make adjustments to the valuation reserve that we believe are necessary or prudent based on our judgments regarding these matters. In the event that a collectible is sold for a price below its carrying value, we record a charge to cost of services. In addition, we review our other consumable inventory on a regular basis for recoverability and expected future usage and, if considered necessary, establish reserves for those items that have no future value to us. At June 30, 2018 and 2017, inventories were $3,793,000 and $3,699,000, respectively, and inventory reserves were $1,214,000 and $977,000, respectively. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. If we liquidate collectible coins at amounts below their carrying values, we may incur losses in excess of our recorded inventory reserves.

Grading Warranty Costs . We offer a limited warranty covering the coins and trading cards that we authenticate and grade. Under the warranty, if such a collectible that was previously authenticated and graded by us is later submitted to us for re-grading and either (i) receives a lower grade upon re-submittal or (ii) is determined not to have been authentic, we will offer to purchase the collectible for a price equal to the value of collectible at its original grade, or, at the customer's option, pay the difference between the value of the collectible at its original grade as compared with the value at its lower grade. However, this warranty is voided if the collectible, upon re-submittal to us, is not in the same tamper-resistant holder in which it was placed at the time we last graded the item or if we otherwise determine that the collectible had been altered after we had authenticated and graded it. If we purchase an item under a warranty claim, we recognize the difference in the value of the item at its original grade and its re-graded estimated value as a reduction in our warranty reserve. We include the purchased item in our inventory at the estimated value of the re-graded collectible, which will be lower than the price we paid to purchase the item. We accrue for estimated warranty costs based on historical trends and related experience, and we monitor the adequacy of our warranty reserve on an ongoing basis. There also are a number of factors that can cause the estimated values of the collectibles purchased under our warranty program to change over time and, as a result, we review the market values of those collectibles on a quarterly basis (see Inventory Valuation Reserves above). However, once we have classified such items as inventory and they have been held in inventory beyond the end of the fiscal quarter in which we purchased them, we classify any further losses in the estimated fair value of the items or the subsequent disposal of such items, as part of the gain or loss on product sales on a quarterly basis.

Due to the higher level of warranty payment in fiscal 2018, warranty expense recognized was $764,000 in fiscal 2018 as compared to $302,000, and ($145,000) in fiscals, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our warranty reserves were $862,000 and $834,000 at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Goodwill. We test the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually on their respective acquisition anniversary dates, or more frequently if indicators of impairment are determined to exist. When testing for impairment, we consider qualitative factors, and where determined necessary, we proceed to the two-step goodwill impairment test. When applying the two-step impairment test, we use a discounted cash flow model or an income approach to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit on a total basis, which is then compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, no impairment of goodwill exists as of the measurement date. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then there is the possibility of goodwill impairment and further testing and re-measurement of goodwill is required.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which ended September 30, 2017, we completed the annual impairment evaluations with respect to the goodwill acquired in our fiscal year 2006 purchases of CCE and CoinFacts. We assessed qualitative factors, including the significant excess of fair values over carrying values in prior years, and any material changes in the estimated cash flows of those reporting units, and determined that it was more likely than not that the respective fair values of CCE and CoinFacts exceeded their respective carrying values, including goodwill, and as a result, it was not necessary to proceed to the two-step impairment test.

We completed our annual goodwill impairment evaluation with respect to Expos at June 30, 2018 and concluded that no impairment had occurred.

Long-Lived Assets Other Than Goodwill . We regularly conduct reviews of property and equipment and other long-lived assets other than goodwill, including certain identifiable intangibles, for possible impairment. Such reviews occur annually, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable in full. In order to determine if the value of a definite-lived asset is impaired, we make an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of that asset and its eventual disposition in order to determine if an impairment loss has occurred. If the projected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded to write-down the asset to its estimated fair value.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense . Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the equity award, and is recognized as expense over the employee's or non-employee director's requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. However, if the vesting of a stock-based compensation award is subject to satisfaction of a performance requirement or condition, stock-based compensation expense is recognized if, and when, management determines that the achievement of the performance requirement or condition (and therefore the vesting of the award) has become probable. If stock-based compensation is recognized due to a determination that a performance condition has become probable, and it is subsequently determined that the performance condition was not met in the expected vesting period, then if the shares may still vest in future periods, management will extend the period over which the remaining expense would be recognized. If the shares fail to vest, or managements concludes that it is not probable the shares will vest, then all expense previously recognized with respect to that performance condition would be reversed.

Restricted Shares

Annual Non-Employee Director Grants. In each of fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016, each of our outside directors was granted restricted service-based stock with grant date fair values of $45,000, respectively, for a total fair value of $315,000 in fiscal 2018 and $270,000 in each of fiscal 2017 and 2016.

Other Service- B ased A wards. In fiscal 2018 and 2017 the Company granted 5,000 and 10,000 service-based restricted shares respectively, with grant date fair values of $83,000 and $209,000, respectively, and with vesting periods ranging from three to four years.

2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2013 LTIP")

As previously reported, in our Fiscal 2017 Form 10K for the year ended June 30, 2017, based on the financial results achieved in fiscal 2017, a determination was made that the Company had achieved the maximum performance goal under the 2013 LTIP, in fiscal 2017. Therefore, in accordance with the terms of the 2013 LTIP, 50% of the remaining unvested shares awarded under the 2013 LTIP vested at the determination date and the remaining 50% of the shares vested on June 30, 2018. Stock-based compensation expense recognized under the 2013 LTIP was approximately $503,000, $3,661,000 and $85,000 in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2018 LTIP")

On December 26, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 LTIP for the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), and for certain other key management employees (collectively the "Participants"), and granted to the Participants a total 84,360 restricted shares (comprised of 42,180 Retention Restricted Shares and 42,180 Performance Restricted Shares "PSUs") with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $2,552,000.

Retention Restricted Shares

To create incentives for the Participants to remain in the Company's service over the period ending June 30, 2020, service-contingent restricted shares were granted to the Participants as follows:

Annual Grants . A total of 21,090 Retention Restricted Shares were granted with vesting in three equal installments of 7,030 shares each on June 30, 2018, June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, with the vesting of each such installment, contingent on the Participant remaining in the continuous service of the Company through the vesting date of that installment.

It is the current intention of the Committee to make an annual grant of Retention Restricted Shares to each of the Participants early in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020, with vesting to take place in three equal annual installments on the first, second and third anniversaries, respectively, of the date on which such grant is made, in each case contingent on the continuous service of the Participant with the Company through such anniversary date.

One Time Grant . A total of 21,090 Retention Restricted Shares were granted with vesting in two equal installments of 10,545 shares each on June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively, with the vesting of each such installment contingent on the Participant remaining in the continuous service of the Company through the vesting date of that installment.

If a Participant's continuous service with the Company ceases, for any reason whatsoever, including a termination of the Participant's employment with or without cause, prior to any vesting date or dates, the then unvested Retention Restricted Shares will be forfeited.

Assuming continuous service for all Participants, stock-based compensation expense of $1,276,000 attributable to the 42,180 Retention Restricted Shares, will be recognized over the requisite service period, of which $500,000 was recognized as an expense through June 30, 2018.

PSUs

To create incentives for the Participants to drive significant improvements in the Company's operating results during the three years ending June 30, 2020 (the "Performance Period"), the Compensation Committee established threshold, target and maximum CARGR (defined as compounded annual consolidated revenue growth rate) goals and Operating Margin (defined as operating income before stock-based compensation expense expressed as a percentage of consolidated revenue) goals, to be achieved over the Performance Period for vesting to occur.

The vesting of the 42,180 PSUs by the Participants will be contingent on (i) the extent to which (if any) the threshold or target CARGR goals or threshold or target Operating Margin goals are achieved or exceeded, or the maximum CARGR or maximum Operating Margin goals are achieved, and (ii) their continued service with the Company through June 30, 2020.

The following table sets forth the percentages of the respective numbers of PSUs granted to each of the Participants that will vest on June 30, 2020 based on the extent to which the goals are achieved or exceeded and assuming their continued service with the Company through June 30, 2020:

All the PSUs will be forfeited if neither the threshold CARGR goal nor the threshold Operating Margin goal is achieved. Also, if a Participant fails to remain in the Company's continuous service through June 30, 2020, for any reason whatsoever, including a termination of his or her employment with or without cause, then all of his or her PSUs will be forfeited.

Assuming the maximum performance goals are achieved and continuous service by the Participants, $1,276,000 of stock-based compensation expense will be recognized for the PSUs through June 30, 2020.

Stock-based compensation expense for the 42,180 PSUs will be recognized based on a quarterly assessment as to the progress the Company is making towards achieving the threshold, target or maximum performance goals throughout the Performance Period. There was no stock-based compensation expense recognized for the 42,180 PSUs shares through June 30, 2018, as it is not considered probable, at this time, based on the level of operating income before stock-based compensation achieved in fiscal 2018, that the Company will achieve the threshold, target or maximum performance in fiscal 2020.

Total Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for all restricted shares was $1,421,000, $4,025,000, and $596,000, in fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. See Results of Operations: Stock-Based Compensation Expense below for additional information on stock-based compensation expense.

Capitalized Software . In fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016, we capitalized approximately $911,000, $1,045,000, and $752,000, respectively, of software development costs related to a number of in-house software development projects. GAAP requires that certain software development costs incurred, either from internal or external sources, be capitalized as part of intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the software, which we have estimated at three years. On the other hand, planning, training, support and maintenance costs incurred either prior to or following the implementation phase of a software development project are recognized as expense in the periods in which they are incurred. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, we recorded approximately $701,000, $480,000, and $272,000, respectively, as amortization expense related to such capitalized software projects.

We evaluate the carrying values of capitalized software to determine whether those values are impaired and, if necessary, we record an impairment charge in the period in which we determine that an impairment has occurred.

Income Ta xes, Deferred Tax Assets and Valuation Allowances . We account for income taxes in accordance with GAAP, which requires the recording of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns or uncertain tax positions. Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws. In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of the Company's assets or liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, GAAP requires that we evaluate the probability of realizing the future income tax benefits comprising that asset based on a number of factors, which include projections of future taxable income and the nature of the tax benefits and the respective expiration dates of tax credits and net operating losses. Due to the Company's generating taxable income the United States and China, we have concluded that it is more likely than not, that we will realize our U.S. and China deferred tax assets. However, we have established valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of our Hong Kong subsidiary and France branch, due to losses incurred, which makes it uncertain that we will realize the benefits from those deferred tax assets in future periods.

The income tax provisions in the fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 were determined based on estimated annual effective tax rates of approximately 31%, 36% and 38%, respectively. The net reduction in the annual effective tax rate in fiscal 2018, reflects a blended federal tax rate of approximately 28% arising from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act") enacted into law in December 2017, as adjusted for excess tax benefits, (primarily resulting from the vesting of the 2013 LTIP shares in August 2017) and the write down of our net deferred tax assets to the future realizable rate of 21% for federal tax purposes.

See note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report which discusses the Tax Reform Act in more detail.

Accru al for L oss es on Discontinued F acility L eases . As a result of the discontinuance of and our exit from the jewelry authentication and grading businesses in fiscal 2009, we ceased the occupancy of facilities we had leased for their operations and established estimated loss accruals for liabilities under those leases. Those lease obligations expired on December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Therefore, at June 30, 2018, there was no remaining obligations for those facilities.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain financial data, expressed as a percentage of net revenues, derived from our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the respective periods indicated below:

Net Revenues . Net revenues consist primarily of fees that we generate from the authentication and grading of high-value collectibles, consisting of coins, trading cards and autographs and related special inserts, if applicable. To a lesser extent, we generate collectibles related service revenues (which we refer to as "other related revenues") from advertising and affiliate program commissions earned from our websites and in printed publications; subscription/membership revenues related to our CCE (dealer-to-dealer Internet bid-ask market for certified coins), and Collectors Club; and fees generated from promoting, managing and operating our Expos tradeshow business. Net revenues also include, to a significantly lesser extent, revenues from the sales of products, which consist primarily of coins that we purchase under our warranty policy. We do not consider such product sales to be an integral part of our ongoing revenue generating activities.

The following tables set forth the total net revenues for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 between authentication and grading services revenues and other related services (in the thousands):

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the increases or decreases in net revenues from our larger markets (which are inclusive of revenues from our other related services) in each of the periods presented below (in thousands):

Fiscal 2018 vs. 2017. For fiscal 2018, our total service revenues decreased by $1,709,000, or 2.4%, as compared to the record revenues of $70,158,000 in fiscal 2017. That decrease was attributable to a $2,184,000, or 3.5%, decrease in authentication and grading fees partially offset by an increase of $475,000, or 6.0%, in other related services. That decrease in authentication and grading fees was attributable to a $2,919,000, or 17.8%, increase in cards and autograph fees offset by a $5,103,000, or 11.1%, decrease in coin fees.

Revenues from our trading cards and autographs business continued to show consistent growth. Those revenues increased by 17.5% in the fiscal 2018 and represented record annual revenues for that business. Moreover, our card and autographs business has achieved quarter-over-quarter revenue growth in 31 of the last 32 quarters.

The net decrease in coin authentication and grading fees of $5,103,000 in fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2017, comprised (i) higher world coin fees of $2,176,000, or 20.7%, resulting in record world fees, primarily reflecting an increase in revenues in China and Hong Kong, as we continue to see brand acceptance in that region, offset by (ii) lower U.S. modern fees of $3,659,000, or 26.9%, reflecting a decrease in demand by dealers and customers for recent issuances of coins by the U.S. Mint, (iii) lower U.S. vintage coin fees of $1,960,000 or 13.5%, reflecting generally lower vintage submissions in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2018 and (iv) lower U.S. coin trade show revenues of $1,660,000, or 23.1%, reflecting lower average submissions per show and less shows, in the current year periods.

Despite the decrease in U.S. our coin authentication and grading revenues in the fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, our coin business revenues represented approximately 63% of total service revenues, in the fiscal 2018, reflecting the continued importance of our coin authentication and grading business to our overall financial performance.

For the reasons discussed above under " Factors That Can Affect our Revenues ", and " Impact of Economic Conditions on our Financial Performance ", the level of coin service revenues can be fluctuate from period to period.

Despite the 2.4% reduction in revenues in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018 revenues represented the second highest level of revenue achieved by the Company on an annual basis and as discussed above, included improved revenues in our cards and autographs and international coin businesses.

With respect to our U.S. coin revenues, despite the reduction in revenues in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, vintage revenues were about the same level as the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 and show revenues, improved on a per show basis, which may indicate that the U.S. vintage coin business is recovering. However, we continue to see lower revenues for U.S. modern coins and it could be the third quarter of fiscal 2019 before we see an improvement in the overall activity in that part of the coin market. In the meantime, we will be focused on maximizing individual customer opportunities over the next few quarters.

With respect to our China business, as previously reported and as discussed under "Factors That Can Affect our Revenues" above, in February 2018, we terminated the exclusive relationship with our China customer that serves the Banking Channel in China, although we are prepared to continue to authenticate and grade coins for that customer on a non-exclusive basis. At this time, it is too early to predict the effect that this action will have on future submissions from that customer or how successful we will be in attracting submissions from other competing banking channel customers. However, we believe that over time, terminating the exclusivity will ultimately enable us to increase our submissions from the banking channel in China. Our experience to date, is that revenues from the banking channel are generated in the first and/or second quarters of our fiscal year.

The improved other related services revenues in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, reflects higher affiliate program commissions and Collectors Club revenues.

Fiscal 2017 vs. Fiscal 2016. For fiscal year 2017, our total service revenues increased by $9,204,000 or 15.1%, to an annual record of $70,158,000 and included record second, third and fourth quarter revenues. The total increase of $9,204,000 was attributable to a $9,610,000, or 18.3%, increase in authentication and grading fees, partially offset by a decrease of $406,000, or 4.9%, in other related services. The increase in authentication and grading fees was attributable to a $7,794,000, or 20.5% increase in coin fees and a $1,816,000, or 12.4%, increase in cards and autograph fees.

The increases in coin authentication and grading fees in fiscal 2017 reflected (i) higher world coin fees of $4,407,000 or 72.0%, resulting in record world coin fees, which is inclusive of higher fees generated in China (ii) higher US generated vintage coin fees of $2,198,000 or 17.8% in, resulting in record annual vintage coins revenues (iii) higher US modern fees of $1,499,000 or 12.4%, which included record revenues for modern coins in the third quarter of fiscal 2017, partially offset by lower coin trade show revenues of $310,000 or 4.1%, representing less revenue per show in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.

Revenues from our trading cards and autographs business continued to show consistent growth with a revenue increase of 12.7% in fiscal 2017 for that business as compared to fiscal 2016.

The reduction in other related services in the fiscal 2017, primarily reflected the previously disclosed decision to eliminate the subscription fees previously charged for access to our CoinFacts website in the second half of fiscal 2016.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of revenues from net revenues. Gross profit margin is gross profit stated as a percent of net revenues. The costs of authentication and grading revenues consist primarily of labor to authenticate and grade collectibles, production costs, credit card fees, warranty expense, occupancy, security and insurance costs that directly relate to providing authentication and grading services. Cost of revenues also includes printing, other direct costs of the revenues generated by our other non-grading related services and the costs of product revenues (which represent the carrying value of the inventory of products, which are primarily collectible coins that we sold and any inventory-related reserves, considered necessary).

Set forth below is information regarding our gross profit and gross profit margins in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

Fiscal 2018 vs. 2017. As indicated in the above table, our gross profit margin was 56.9% in fiscal 2018 as compared to 61.7% in fiscal 2017. The decrease primarily reflects the lower U.S. coin revenues and to a lesser extent higher warranty expense of $462,000 and increased inventory reserve of $256,000 in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017. As discussed above under " Factors that can Affect our Gross Profit Margin , " because a significant portion of our costs of revenues are relatively fixed in nature in the short-term, our gross profit margin can be impacted significantly if revenues decline significantly in a period. During the three years ended June 30, 2018, our quarterly services gross profit varied between 54% and 65%.

Fiscal 2017 vs. 2016. As indicated in the above table our gross profit margin was 61.7% in fiscal 2017 as compared to 62.4% in fiscal 2016. Excluding warranty benefits that arose in fiscal 2017 and 2016, the gross profit margin would have been about the same in both years.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses are comprised primarily of advertising and promotions costs, trade-show expenses, customer service personnel costs, business development incentive compensation costs, depreciation and third-party consulting costs.

The following table sets forth selling and marketing expenses that we incurred in fiscals 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Fiscal 2018 vs. 2017. As indicated in the above table, selling and marketing expenses increased to 14.8% of revenues in 2018, as compared to 13.3% in fiscal 2017. In absolute dollars, sales and marketing expenses increased by $804,000 in fiscal 2018, primarily reflecting increased sales and marketing costs incurred in growing our cards and autographs and overseas coin businesses.

Fiscal 2017 vs. 2016 . Selling and marketing expenses declined to 13.3% of net revenues in fiscal 2017, as compared to 14.2% in the fiscal 2016. In absolute dollars, selling and marketing expenses increased by $698,000 in fiscal 2017 primarily due to (i) increased marketing and business development payroll and incentive costs of $651,000, attributable to the growth of our coin businesses in China and Hong Kong and increases in general marketing activities in the United States (ii) increased trade show and travel costs of $439,000 in support of U.S. trade show authentication and grading activities and the growth of our businesses in China and Hong Kong and (iii) general marketing cost increases. Those increases were partially offset by a reduction of $574,000 in promotional costs for Collectors.com in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative ("G&A") expenses are comprised primarily of compensation paid to general and administrative personnel, including executive management, finance and accounting, information technology and, facilities management, depreciation, amortization and other miscellaneous expenses. G&A expenses also include non-cash stock-based compensation costs, arising from the grant or vesting of stock awards to general and administrative personnel and outside directors.

The following table sets forth G&A expenses that we incurred in fiscals 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Fiscal 2018 vs. 2017. As indicated in the above table, G&A expenses were 29.0% of revenues in fiscal 2018, as compared to 29.6% in fiscal 2017. In absolute dollars, G&A expenses decreased by $890,000 in fiscal 2018, due to a decrease in stock based compensation of $2,630,000 (see below and Stock-Based Compensation Expense under Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates above) and reductions in performance-based bonuses resulting from the lower operating results in fiscal 2018, partially offset by (i) moving and lease exit costs of approximately $572,000 incurred in connection with the move to the Company's new operations and headquarters facility (ii) higher depreciation and amortization expense of $641,000 related to depreciation of tenant improvements and other assets capitalized as part of the Company's new facility and amortization of capitalized software (iii) a pre-litigation net settlement of $325,000 and (iv) higher recruitment costs of $102,000, primarily related to the CEO recruitment process, that occurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.

Fiscal 2017 vs. 2016. G&A expenses increased to 29.6% of revenues in the fiscal 2017, as compared to 27.9% in the fiscal 2016. In absolute dollars, G&A expenses increased by $3,707,000 in the fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, primarily related to (i) a $3,424,000 increase in non-cash stock based compensation expense, as discussed below and (ii) bonus and incentive increases of $712,000 due to the improved financial performance of the business. These increases were partially offset by lower legal costs of approximately $422,000 mainly due to the resolution of litigation in fiscal 2017.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We recognize non-cash stock-based compensation expense that is attributable to grants or the vesting of restricted stock. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded as part of (i) costs of revenues, in the case of stock awards granted to employees whose costs are classified as cost of revenues; (ii) sales and marketing expenses, in the case of stock awards granted to employees whose costs are classified as sales and marketing personnel and (iii) general and administrative expenses, in the case of stock awards granted to directors, executive and financial management and administrative personnel.

The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense we recognized in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

For shares that are contingent on the achievement of a financial performance goal for vesting to occur, the amount of stock-based compensation recognized in any period can vary depending upon management's assessment as to whether it has become probable that the Company will achieve the performance goal and the time periods in which those goals are expected to be achieved. If it becomes probable that a performance goal will be achieved, there can be catch-up of stock-based compensation expense in that period, reflecting the expense required to be recognized from the service inception date through the period when it becomes probable that the goal would be achieved which can result in higher expense in that period. Thereafter, stock-based compensation expense for the performance goal is recognized over the expected remaining service period to vesting.

In fiscal 2018 the decrease in stock-based compensation of $2,604,000 was due to lower stock based compensation in connection with the 2013 LTIP whereas the increase of $3,429,000 in fiscal 2017 was due to the Company having achieved the Maximum Performance Goal in 2017 under the 2013 LTIP. See C ritical Accounting Policies: Stock-Based Compensation Expense .

A total of $1,012,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards remained unrecognized as of June 30, 2018, based on the assumption that the holders of those awards would remain in the Company's service through fiscal 2022. This expense will be recognized as compensation expense in future periods, as follows (in thousands):

The $1,012,000 of unrecognized compensation expense does not include any expense from (i) grants of any additional restricted stock awards in future periods or (ii) the PSUs granted under the 2018 LTIP.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income is generated on cash balances that we have invested, primarily in highly liquid money market accounts and funds. Interest expense consists of interest incurred on outstanding borrowings and loan arrangement fees on credit facilities. The following table compares the net interest income (expense) in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, (in thousands):

Due to the continued low interest rates prevailing in all periods presented, interest income was $19,000, $15,000, and $22,000, in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Interest expense of $133,000 and $16,000 was recognized in fiscals 2018 and 2017, respectively. Interest in fiscal 2018 primarily related to the borrowings under Company's long-term loan.

Provision for Income Taxes

The income tax provisions of $2,760,000, $4,718,000, and $4,720,000, in fiscals 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, represented estimated annual effective tax rates, of approximately 31%, 36%, and 38%, respectively. The net reduction in the annual effective tax rate in fiscal 2018, reflects a blended federal tax rate of approximately 28% arising from the Tax Reform Act, adjusted for excess tax benefits (primarily resulting from the vesting in fiscal 2018 of the 2013 LTIP stock awards), withholding taxes associated with foreign repatriation payments (mainly from China) and the write down of our net deferred tax assets to the future realizable rate of 21% for federal tax purposes. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2017 reflected the release of valuation allowances for prior year losses in China, which reduced the rate by approximately 2%. In addition, our annual effective tax rate assumes the repatriation of foreign earnings.

Discontinued Operations

The income (losses) from discontinued operations (net of income taxes), reflects pre-tax accretion expenses of $2,000, $24,000, and $47,000, in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, recognized in connection with the facilities, formerly occupied by our discontinued jewelry businesses. Coinciding with the expiration of those lease obligations, all remaining discontinued balances were written off as of March 31, 2018. See " Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Accrual for Losses on Facility Leases. " In addition, we realized pre-tax trademark license income of $40,000, and $38,000, in fiscals 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Quarterly Results of Operations

Generally, the revenues generated by our collectibles grading and authentication businesses are lower during our second quarter, which ends on December 31, than in other quarterly periods, because collectibles commerce generally decreases during the holiday season. As discussed under "Factors that can Affect Operating Results and our Financial Portion" above there can be period to period variability in coin revenues due to general market conditions that will impact the level of coin revenues in a given quarter, including the level of revenues generated in the banking channel in China (which were concentrated in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and the second quarter of fiscal 2017) and the level of U.S. modern coin revenues, which are typically higher in our third quarter.

Our collectibles trade show business adds to the variability in our quarter-to-quarter operating results, as its revenues vary based on the timing of the collectibles trade shows it conducts. Generally, the revenues of this business are higher in the first, third and fourth quarters of our fiscal years, compared to the second quarter, because the Long Beach, California Collectibles Shows take place during the first, third and fourth quarters.

The tables below present unaudited selected quarterly financial data for each of the eight quarters beginning September 30, 2016 and ending on June 30, 2018. The information has been derived from our unaudited quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 in this Annual Report. The consolidated financial information set forth below includes all adjustments (consisting of normal adjustments and accruals) that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited quarterly results when read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in Item 8 this Annual Report. These quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any subsequent fiscal periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalent Balances . At June 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalent balances of $10,581,000 as compared to $9,826,000 at June 30, 2017 and $11,967,000 at June 30, 2016.

Historically, we have been able to rely on internally generated funds, rather than borrowings, as our primary source of funds to support our continuing grading operations, because many of our authentication and grading customers prepay our fees at the time they submit their collectibles to us for authentication and grading. However, in January 2017, we obtained a $10 million revolving bank line of credit to provide an additional source of cash for our business. Additionally, in September 2017, we obtained a $3.5 million Term Loan of which we borrowed $3.0 million which was used to fund capital expenditures, move costs and lease exit costs in connection with our move to our new operations and headquarter facility. See below.

Cash Flows .

Cash Flows from Continuing Operations . In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, our operating activities from continuing operations generated cash of $11,872,000, $12,702,000, and $9,172,000, respectively. The decrease in cash generated from operating activities in fiscal 2018 as compared to 2017, primarily reflects lower operating income in fiscal 2018, whereas the increased cash generated from operating income in fiscal 2017 as compared to 2016, reflected higher operating income in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016,in each case as adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital.

Cash Flows of Discontinued Operations . In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 discontinued operations used cash of $215,000, $518,000, and $440,000, respectively, related primarily to the payment of ongoing obligations for our discontinued jewelry businesses facilities, which were fully satisfied during fiscal 2018.

Cash Used in Investing Activities . In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, investing activities used net cash of $4,819,000, $2,413,000, and $2,011,000, respectively. The increase in cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily related to expenditures incurred for the buildout of Company's new operations and headquarter facility that was completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

Cash Used in Financing Activities . In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, financing activities used net cash of $6,083,000, $11,912,000 and $12,008,000, respectively. The Company borrowed $3,000,000 under its term loan in the first half of fiscal 2018, as discussed above. Dividends paid to stockholders were $9,083,000, $11,912,000 and $12,008,000 fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The lower dividend payments in 2018 reflect the change in the Company's cash dividends policy implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. (See Dividends below).

Overall, the Company generated (used) cash of $755,000, ($2,141,000) and ($5,287,000) in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Outstanding Financial Obligations

Lease Obligations

On February 3, 2017, the Company, as tenant, entered into a triple net lease (as amended) pursuant to which the Company is leasing approximately 62,755 rentable square feet space for its operations and headquarters facility. The term of this lease is 10 years and 10 months, which commenced on the completion of tenant improvements, which occurred effective December 1, 2017. The Company is entitled to an abatement of the monthly rent for the period from the 2nd month through the 11th month of the lease term, provided there is no default by the Company in its obligations under the lease. The landlord contributed approximately $2.9 million to the tenant improvements. Aggregate minimum obligations over the term of the lease will be approximately $14.2 million.

We also lease smaller offices for our overseas operations including a five year lease for our Shanghai office that commenced in November 2017, with aggregate minimum obligations over the term of the lease of approximately $3.0 million and a three year lease for our offices Hong Kong, which commenced in July 2018, with aggregate minimum obligations over the term of that lease of approximately $625,000.

At June 30, 2018, future minimum lease payments under the lease agreements associated with our continuing operations were as follows (in thousands):

Term Loan . On September 15, 2017 the Company obtained a five-year, $3,500,000 unsecured term loan from the same commercial bank from which we obtained the credit line below. During its first year, the term loan takes the form of a non-revolving credit line during which period the Company is entitled to draw down borrowings at such times and in such amounts as it may request, up to a maximum of $3,500,000. During that first year the Company is required to make monthly payments of accrued but unpaid interest, only, at whichever of the following two interest rates it may select: (i) LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum (the "LIBOR Rate"), or (ii) the highest prime lending rate published from time to time by the Wall Street Journal less 0.25% per annum (the "Prime Rate"), in either case subject to an interest rate floor of 2.250% per annum.

At the end of that first year, the loan will automatically convert into a four-year term loan in the principal amount of the borrowings then outstanding. The Company will be required to repay those borrowings in 48 equal monthly principal payments, together with interest at whichever of the following three rates as is selected by the Company: (i) the LIBOR Rate, (ii) the Prime Rate, or (iii) a fixed rate (the Fixed Rate"), in any case subject to an interest rate floor of 2.250% per annum. If the Company chooses the Fixed Rate of interest, it will be required to pay the bank a prepayment penalty if the Company prepays more than 20% of the principal amount after the end of the first year and prior to the last year of the term loan. No penalty will be payable on a prepayment of the loan if the Company selects the LIBOR Rate or the Prime Rate.

The term loan agreement contains two financial covenants, which require the Company to maintain (a) a funded debt coverage ratio and (b) a debt service coverage ratio, respectively. The loan agreement also contains certain other covenants typical for this type of loan, including a covenant which provides that, without the bank's consent, the Company may not incur additional indebtedness for borrowed money, except for (i) borrowings under the above-described revolving credit line, (ii) purchase money indebtedness and (iii) capitalized lease obligations.

The Company used the borrowings under the term loan primarily to fund the Company's share of the construction and related facility costs for its new operations and headquarters facility, moving costs and lease exit costs for its former corporate headquarters. The Company also may use the loan proceeds for other general corporate purposes. At June 30, 2018, the Company had $3,000,000 of outstanding borrowings under the term loan of which $562,000 was classified as a short-term liability and $2,438,000 as a long-term liability in the Company's balance sheet at June 30, 2018. The Company was in compliance with its loan covenants at June 30, 2018.

Credit Line . On January 10, 2017 the Company obtained a three-year, $10 million unsecured revolving credit line (the "Credit Line") from a commercial bank. The Company is entitled to obtain borrowings under the Credit Line at such times and in such amounts as it may request, provided that the maximum principal amount of the borrowings that may be outstanding at any one time under the Credit Line may not exceed $10 million and each year there must be a period of 30 consecutive days during which no borrowings are outstanding. The Company also may, at any time or from time to time and at its option, repay outstanding borrowings, in whole or in part, and may reborrow amounts so repaid at such times and in such amounts as it deems appropriate.

Credit Line borrowings will bear interest, at the Company's option, at LIBOR plus 2.25% or at 0.25% below the highest prime lending rate published from time to time by the Wall Street Journal. The Company is required to pay a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.0625% of the amount by which (if any) that the average of the borrowings outstanding under the Credit Line in any calendar quarter is less than $4 million.

The loan agreement contains a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain a funded debt coverage ratio and certain other covenants typical for this type of credit line. At June 30, 2018 the Company was in compliance with those covenants. The Company borrowed and repaid $3 million under the Credit Line in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. There were no borrowings outstanding under the line of credit at June 30, 2018.

Future Uses of Cash .

We plan to use our cash resources, consisting of available cash and cash equivalent balances, internally generated cash flows, and borrowings under our Term loan and revolving credit line, (i) to introduce new collectibles related services and initiatives for existing and new customers (ii) to fund the expansion of our business (domestically and internationally); (iii) to fund capital expenditures, and working capital requirements; (iv) to fund possible acquisitions; (v) to pay cash dividends; and (vi)  for other general corporate purposes.

Dividends . Effective the third quarter of fiscal 2018, our dividend policy was lowered to $0.175 per share from the $0.35 per share that had previously been in place since January 2015. As a result, we paid dividends of $9,083,000, $11,912,000, and $12,008,000, in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

The declaration and payment of cash dividends in the future, pursuant to the Company's dividend policy, is subject to final determination each quarter by the Board of Directors based on a number of factors, including the Company's financial performance and its available cash resources, its cash requirements and alternative uses of cash that the Board may conclude would represent an opportunity to generate a greater return on investment for the Company and its stockholders. Accordingly, there is no assurance that, in the future, the amount of the quarterly cash dividend will not be reduced or that the payment of dividends will not be suspended or altogether discontinued.

Share Buyback Program . In December 2005, our Board of Directors approved a stock buyback program that authorized us to make up to $10,000,000 of stock repurchases in the open market or privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules, when opportunities to make such repurchases, at attractive prices, become available. There were no share repurchases under this program in fiscals 2018, 2017 or 2016. At June 30, 2018, we have a total of $3.7 million available for share purchases under the share buyback program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, on Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The updated guidance modifies the guidance companies use to recognize revenue from contracts with customers for transfers of goods or services and transfers of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The guidance also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including information about contract balances and performance obligations. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one year deferral of the effective date. Accordingly, the update is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 with retrospective application to prior periods presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment in the period of adoption. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)." This new guidance provides additional implementation guidance on how an entity should identify the unit of accounting for the principal versus agent evaluations. In May 2016, the FASB issued 2016 ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients." This new ASU provides more specific guidance on certain aspects of Topic 606. The Company has analyzed the effect of the standard across all of its revenue streams to evaluate the impact of the new standard on revenue contracts. This included reviewing current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements under the new standard. Most of the Company's services are primarily short-term in nature, and the assessment was the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard will not have a material impact on its financial statements. The Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

In February 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 on Accounting for Leases . The core principle of this guidance is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The adoption of this guidance is expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statement and related disclosures. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted.

In March 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 Compensation–Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . Under this updated guidance all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. An entity should recognize excess tax benefits regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period. The Company adopted this guidance effective July 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance reduced the Company's tax provision in fiscal 2018 by approximately $590,000, primarily due to the vesting of the 2013 LTIP shares in the first quarter.

In January 2017, FASB issued 2017-04, on Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . The updated guidance eliminated step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 9, 2019. The guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09 on Compensation-Stock Compensation which provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (i) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification. (ii) The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. (iii) The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The guidance is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for (1) public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and (2) all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The guidance should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

In June 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-07 which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all shared-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires good or services to be used or consumed in a grantor's own operations by issuing shared-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows due to adverse changes in financial market prices, including interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and other relevant market rate or price risks.

Due to the cash and cash equivalent balances that we maintain, we are exposed to risk of changes in short-term interest rates. At June 30, 2018, we had approximately $10,581,000 in cash and cash equivalents, of which approximately $6,629,000 was invested in money market accounts and the balance of $3,952,000 (which is inclusive of cash in overseas banks) was held in non-interest bearing accounts. Reductions in short-term interest rates could result in reductions in the amount of income we are able to generate on available cash. However, any adverse impact on our operating results of reductions in interest rates is not expected to be material.

We do not engage in any activities that would expose us to significant foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risks. When considered appropriate, we repatriate excess cash from foreign operations. Overseas cash balances were approximately $1,384,000 at June 30, 2018, of which $821,000 was in China. Due to the evolving exchange control rules in China, delays can be experienced in transferring funds out of China.

ITEM 8.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Collectors Universe, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Collectors Universe, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2018, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"), and our report dated August 30, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for opinion 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2005.

Newport Beach, California

August 30, 2018

COLLECTORS UNIVERSE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)