UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
Commission file number 1-9924
Citigroup Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)
Delaware | 52-1568099 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
399 Park Avenue, New York, NY | 10043 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (212) 559-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: See Exhibit 99.02
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: none
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. X Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes X No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. X Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). X Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
X Large accelerated filer | ¨ Accelerated filer | ¨ Non-accelerated filer | ¨ Smaller reporting company |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes X No
The aggregate market value of Citigroup Inc. common stock held by non-affiliates of Citigroup Inc. on June 30, 2009 was approximately $16.3 billion.
Number of shares of common stock outstanding on January 31, 2010: 28,476,886,087
Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on April 20, 2010, are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K in response to Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III.
1
10-K CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
This Annual Report
on Form 10-K incorporates the requirements of the accounting profession and the
Securities and Exchange Commission, including a comprehensive explanation of
2009 results.
Form 10-K | |||
Item Number | Page | ||
Part I | |||
1. | Business | 4-38, 42, 105-114, 148, 259-262 | |
1A. | Risk Factors | 54-60 | |
1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | Not Applicable | |
2. | Properties | 262 | |
3. | Legal Proceedings | 263-266 | |
4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of | ||
Security Holders | Not Applicable | ||
Part II | |||
5. | Market for Registrant's Common | ||
Equity, Related Stockholder | |||
Matters, and Issuer Purchases of | |||
Equity Securities | 45-46, 154, 257, | ||
267, 269-270 | |||
6. | Selected Financial Data | 13 | |
7. | Management's Discussion and | ||
Analysis of Financial Condition | |||
and Results of Operations | 4-53, 61-104 | ||
7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative | ||
Disclosures About Market Risk | 61-102,149-150, | ||
171-191, 195-238 | |||
8. | Financial Statements and | ||
Supplementary Data | 120-258 | ||
9. | Changes in and Disagreements | ||
with Accountants on Accounting | |||
and Financial Disclosure | Not Applicable | ||
9A. | Controls and Procedures | 115-116 | |
9B. | Other Information | Not Applicable |
Part III | |||
10. | Directors, Executive Officers and | ||
Corporate Governance | 268, 270, 272* | ||
11. | Executive Compensation | ** | |
12. | Security Ownership of Certain | ||
Beneficial Owners and | |||
Management and Related | |||
Stockholder Matters | *** | ||
13. | Certain Relationships and Related | ||
Transactions, and Director Independence | **** | ||
14. | Principal Accounting Fees and | ||
Services | ***** | ||
Part IV | |||
15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement | ||
Schedules | 273 |
* | For additional information regarding Citigroup's Directors, see "Corporate Governance," "Proposal 1: Election of Directors" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the definitive Proxy Statement for Citigroup's Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 20, 2010, to be filed with the SEC (the Proxy Statement), incorporated herein by reference. | |
** | See "Executive Compensation-The Personnel and Compensation Committee Report," "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" and "Compensation Tables" in the Proxy Statement, incorporated herein by reference. | |
*** | See "About the Annual Meeting," "Stock Ownership" and "Proposal 3: Approval of Citigroup 2010 Stock Incentive Plan" in the Proxy Statement, incorporated herein by reference. | |
**** | See "Corporate Governance-Director Independence," "Certain Transactions and Relationships, Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation," "Indebtedness," "Proposal 1: Election of Directors" and "Executive Compensation" in the Proxy Statement, incorporated herein by reference. | |
***** | See "Proposal 2: Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in the Proxy Statement, incorporated herein by reference. |
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CITIGROUP'S 2009 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM
10-K
OVERVIEW | 4 |
CITIGROUP SEGMENTS AND REGIONS | 5 |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS | |
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS | |
OF OPERATIONS | 7 |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 7 |
2010 Business Outlook | 11 |
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 13 |
FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED | |
FINANCIAL DATA | 13 |
SEGMENT, BUSINESS AND PRODUCT - | |
INCOME (LOSS) AND REVENUES | 14 |
Citigroup Income (Loss) | 14 |
Citigroup Revenues | 15 |
CITICORP | 16 |
Regional Consumer Banking | 17 |
North America Regional Consumer Banking | 18 |
EMEA Regional Consumer Banking | 20 |
Latin America Regional Consumer Banking | 22 |
Asia Regional Consumer Banking | 24 |
Institutional Clients Group | 26 |
Securities and Banking | 27 |
Transaction Services | 29 |
CITI HOLDINGS | 30 |
Brokerage and Asset Management | 31 |
Local Consumer Lending | 32 |
Special Asset Pool | 35 |
CORPORATE/OTHER | 38 |
BALANCE SHEET REVIEW | 39 |
Segment Balance Sheet at December 31, 2009 | 42 |
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY | 43 |
Capital Resources | 43 |
Funding and Liquidity | 48 |
OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS | 52 |
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS | 53 |
RISK FACTORS | 54 |
MANAGING GLOBAL RISK | 61 |
Risk Management-Overview | 61 |
Risk Aggregation and Stress Testing | 62 |
Risk Capital | 62 |
Credit Risk | 63 |
Loan and Credit Overview | 63 |
2010 Credit Outlook | 63 |
Loans Outstanding | 64 |
Details of Credit Loss Experience | 65 |
Non-Accrual Assets | 66 |
Foregone Interest Revenue on Loans | 68 |
Corporate Loans | 68 |
Consumer Loan Delinquency Amounts and Ratios | 70 |
Consumer Loan Net Credit Losses and Ratios | 71 |
Consumer Loan Modification Programs | 72 |
U.S. Consumer Lending | 73 |
Corporate Loan Details | 82 |
U.S. Subprime-Related Direct Exposure in Citi Holdings- | |
Special Asset Pool | 85 |
Direct Exposure to Monolines | 87 |
Highly Leveraged Financial Transactions | 88 |
Market Risk | 89 |
Average Balances and Interest Rates-Assets | 94 |
Average Balances and Interest Rates-Liabilities and | |
Equity, and Net Interest Revenue | 95 |
Analysis of Changes in Interest Revenue | 96 |
Analysis of Changes in Interest
Expense
and Net Interest Revenue | 97 |
Operational Risk | 98 |
Country and FFIEC Cross-Border Risk Management Process | 99 |
Country and Cross-Border Risk | 99 |
DERIVATIVES | 100 |
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS | 103 |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND | |
SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES | 105 |
Valuations of Financial Instruments | 105 |
Allowance for Credit Losses | 107 |
Securitizations | 107 |
Goodwill | 110 |
Income Taxes | 112 |
Legal Reserves | 113 |
Accounting Changes and Future Application of | |
Accounting Standards | 113 |
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION | 114 |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 115 |
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL | |
CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING | 116 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED | |
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM - INTERNAL | |
CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING | 117 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED | |
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM - | |
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 118 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES TABLE | |
OF CONTENTS | 119 |
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 120 |
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL | |
STATEMENTS | 126 |
FINANCIAL DATA SUPPLEMENT (Unaudited) | 258 |
Ratios | 258 |
Average Deposit Liabilities in Offices Outside the U.S. | 258 |
Maturity Profile of Time Deposits ($100,000 or more) | |
in U.S. Offices | 258 |
Short-Term and Other Borrowings | 258 |
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION | 259 |
CUSTOMERS | 261 |
COMPETITION | 262 |
PROPERTIES | 262 |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 263 |
UNREGISTERED
SALES OF EQUITY; PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES; DIVIDENDS | 267 |
CORPORATE INFORMATION | 270 |
CITIGROUP BOARD OF DIRECTORS | 272 |
3
OVERVIEW
Citigroup ' s history
dates back to the founding of Citibank in 1812. Citigroup's original corporate
predecessor was incorporated in 1988 under the laws of the State of Delaware.
Following a series of transactions over a number of years, Citigroup Inc. was
formed in 1998 upon the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group
Inc.
Citigroup is now a global diversified financial services holding company
whose businesses provide consumers, corporations, governments and institutions
with a broad range of financial products and services. Citi has approximately
200 million customer accounts and does business in more than 140
countries.
Citigroup currently operates, for management
reporting purposes, via two primary business segments: Citicorp, consisting of
our Regional Consumer Banking businesses and Institutional Clients Group ; and Citi Holdings, consisting of our Brokerage and Asset Management and Local Consumer Lending businesses, and a Special Asset Pool . There is also a third segment, Corporate/Other . For a further description of
the business segments and the products and services they provide, see "Citigroup
Segments" below, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" and Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Throughout this report, "Citigroup" and "Citi"
refer to Citigroup Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
4
As described above, Citigroup is managed pursuant to the following segments:
*Note: See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Citi Holdings" for a discussion of certain assets, totaling approximately $61 billion, that will be moved from Citi Holdings to Citicorp during the first quarter of 2010.
The following are the four regions in which Citigroup operates. The regional results are fully reflected in the segment results above.
(1) Asia includes Japan, Latin America includes Mexico, and North America comprises the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico.
5
OVERVIEW (Continued)
On December 23, 2009, Citigroup repaid $20 billion of trust preferred securities held by the U.S. Treasury under the U.S. government's Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and exited from the loss-sharing agreement, which covered a specified pool of assets, with the U.S. Treasury, FDIC and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In connection with the exiting from the loss-sharing agreement, $1.8 billion of the approximately $7.1 billion of additional trust preferred securities held by the U.S. Treasury and FDIC was cancelled. As a result of the repayment of TARP and the exit from the loss-sharing agreement, effective in 2010, Citi is no longer deemed to be a beneficiary of "exceptional financial assistance" under TARP.
Following these transactions, as of December 31, 2009 (i) the U.S. Treasury continued to hold approximately 7.7 billion shares, or approximately 27%, of Citi's common stock, (ii) the U.S. Treasury and FDIC continue to hold an aggregate of approximately $5.3 billion of Citi's trust preferred securities, and (iii) the U.S. Treasury continues to hold three warrants exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 465.1 million shares of Citi's common stock. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Executive Summary-Repayment of TARP and Exit from Loss-Sharing Agreement; Common and Preferred Stock Activities" for additional information.
At December 31, 2009, Citi had approximately 265,300 full-time employees and 3,700 part-time employees. At December 31, 2008, Citi had approximately 322,800 full-time and 4,100 part-time employees.
Additional information about Citigroup is available on the company's Web site at www.citigroup.com . Citigroup's recent annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, as well as its other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are available free of charge through the Web site by clicking on the "Investors" page and selecting "All SEC Filings." The SEC Web site also contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding Citi, at www.sec.gov .
Please see "Risk Factors" below for a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties that could materially impact Citigroup's financial condition and results of operations. | ||
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods' financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation.
6
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Citigroup is a global diversified financial services holding company whose businesses provide consumers, corporations, governments and institutions with a broad range of financial products and services, including consumer banking, credit cards, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage and wealth management. Citigroup has approximately 200 million customer accounts and does business in more than 140 countries.
In response to the dramatic and profound changes in the market environment that became increasingly apparent through 2008, in early 2009, Citigroup decided to increase the focus on its core businesses and reorganized into three business segments for management and reporting purposes: Citicorp ( Regional Consumer Banking and Institutional Clients Group ); Citi Holdings ( Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending, and Special Asset Pool ); and Corporate/Other (Treasury, corporate expenses). Citi believes the realignment allows it to enhance the capabilities and performance of Citigroup's core assets, through Citicorp, as well as to tighten its focus on risk management and reduce and realize value from its non-core assets, through Citi Holdings.
Citigroup reported a net loss for 2009 of $1.6 billion, as compared to a $27.7 billion loss in 2008. Diluted EPS was a loss of $0.80 per share in 2009, versus a loss of $5.63 per share in 2008, and net revenue was $80.3 billion in 2009, versus $51.6 billion in 2008. Net interest revenue declined by $4.8 billion to $48.9 billion in 2009, generally as a result of lower average interest-earning assets, as the company continued its focus on de-risking its balance sheet and decreasing its total assets. Non-interest revenues improved by approximately $33.5 billion to $31.4 billion in 2009, primarily due to lower negative revenue marks in 2009. The decrease in net loss from year to year was primarily attributable to lower revenue marks in 2009 compared with 2008 (a pretax loss of $3.4 billion in 2009 versus a pretax loss of $38.5 billion in 2008), the $11.1 billion pretax Smith Barney gain on sale recorded in the second quarter of 2009 and a $1.4 billion pretax gain related to the exchange offers recognized in the third quarter of 2009. Partially offsetting these items were increasing credit loss provisions during the year and a $10.1 billion pretax loss associated with the repayment of TARP and the exit from the loss-sharing agreement with the U.S. government. Additionally, 2008 included a $9.6 billion pretax goodwill impairment, a $0.9 billion pretax impairment related to Nikko Asset Management, and $3.3 billion pretax of restructuring/repositioning charges. Continued strength of the core Citi franchise was demonstrated by
strong revenues in Securities and Banking (S&B) (up 23% from 2008 levels, excluding credit value adjustments (CVA)) and continued stability in both the retail and institutional deposit bases. At December 31, 2009, total deposits were $836 billion, up 8% from December 31, 2008.
Despite very difficult market and economic conditions, Citicorp remained profitable with $14.8 billion in income from continuing operations in 2009 versus $6.2 billion in 2008, reflecting the strength of the underlying franchise, continued client focus, cost management and strengthened risk management. Citi Holdings recorded a loss of $8.2 billion in 2009 versus a $36.0 billion loss in 2008 as substantial reductions in negative revenue marks, cost cuts and the Smith Barney gain more than offset continued increases in credit costs within Local Consumer Lending . The gain related to the exchange offers and loss associated with TARP repayment and exiting the loss-sharing agreement was recorded in Corporate/Other .
Citigroup's 2009 financial results include the impact of 18 divestitures completed in 2009, including Smith Barney, Nikko Cordial Securities and Nikko Asset Management, and 19 divestitures completed in 2008, including Citi's German retail banking operations, CitiCapital and Redecard. These divestitures were completed in accordance with Citi's strategy of exiting non-core businesses, while optimizing value for shareholders.
Citi's effective tax rate on continuing operations in 2009 was 86%, versus 39% in 2008. The tax provision reflected a benefit arising from a higher proportion of income earned and indefinitely reinvested in countries with relatively lower tax rates, which accounted for 26 percentage points of the differential between the federal statutory tax rate and Citi's effective tax rate in 2009, as well as a higher proportion of income from tax-advantaged sources.
Repayment of TARP and Exit from Loss-Sharing Agreement; Common and Preferred Stock Activities
Background
In October and December 2008, Citigroup raised $25 billion and $20 billion, respectively, through the sale of preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock to the U.S. Treasury as part of TARP. In January 2009, Citi issued approximately $7.1 billion of preferred stock to the U.S. Treasury and FDIC, as well as a warrant to purchase common stock to the U.S. Treasury, as consideration for the loss-sharing agreement with the U.S. Treasury, FDIC and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York covering a specified pool of Citigroup assets.
Pursuant to Citigroup's exchange offers consummated in July 2009, the $25 billion of TARP preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury in October 2008 was exchanged for approximately 7.7 billion shares of Citigroup common stock. At the same time, the $20 billion of TARP preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury in December 2008 and the approximately $7.1 billion of
7
preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury and FDIC as consideration for the loss-sharing agreement were exchanged for trust preferred securities. Prior to the exchange of the preferred stock held by the U.S. government pursuant to the exchange offers, Citigroup paid the U.S. government approximately $2.2 billion in preferred dividends on its investment in Citi, and has subsequently paid approximately $800 million in interest on the trust preferred securities issued pursuant to the exchange offers.
Repayment of TARP and Exit from loss-sharing agreement
On December 23, 2009, Citigroup repaid the $20 billion of TARP trust preferred securities held by the U.S. Treasury and exited the loss-sharing agreement. In connection with the exit of the loss-sharing agreement, $1.8 billion of the trust preferred securities held by the U.S. Treasury out of the approximately $7.1 billion of trust preferred securities issued in consideration for such agreement to the U.S. Treasury and FDIC was cancelled.
In connection with the repayment of TARP in December 2009, Citigroup raised an aggregate of approximately $20.3 billion in common equity. On December 22, 2009 Citigroup issued $17.0 billion of common stock, or approximately 5.4 billion shares, and $3.5 billion of tangible equity units (T-DECs) of which approximately $2.8 billion was recorded as common equity and $0.7 billion was recorded as long-term debt. On December 29, 2009, Citigroup raised an additional approximate $0.6 billion of common stock, or approximately 185 million shares, pursuant to exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. In addition, in January 2010, Citigroup issued $1.7 billion of common stock equivalents to its employees in lieu of cash compensation they would have otherwise received. Subject to shareholder approval at Citi's annual shareholder meeting scheduled to be held on April 20, 2010, the common stock equivalents will be converted into common stock.
Following the repayment of TARP and exit from the loss-sharing agreement, as of December 31, 2009, the U.S. Treasury continues to hold approximately 7.7 billion shares, or approximately 27.0%, of Citi's common stock, not including the exercise of the warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury that remain outstanding, as described below. The U.S. Treasury has indicated that it intends to sell its holding in Citi common stock in 2010, subject to a 90-day lock-up period expiring on March 16, 2010. In addition, the U.S. Treasury and FDIC continue to hold an aggregate of approximately $5.3 billion of the trust preferred securities originally issued by Citi as consideration for the loss-sharing agreement.
As a result of Citi's repayment of the $20 billion of TARP trust preferred securities and the exit of the loss-sharing agreement, effective in 2010, Citi is no longer deemed to be a beneficiary of "exceptional financial assistance" under TARP.
Common stock warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury
The three warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury as part of TARP and the loss-sharing agreement remain outstanding as of December 31, 2009 following Citi's repayment of TARP and exit from the loss-sharing agreement.
Each of the warrants has a term of 10 years from the date of issuance. The warrant issued to the U.S. Treasury in October 2008 has an exercise price of $17.85 per share and is exercisable for approximately 210.1 million shares of common stock. The warrant issued to the U.S. Treasury in December 2008 has an exercise price of $10.61 per share and is exercisable for approximately 188.5 million shares of common stock. The warrant issued to the U.S. Treasury as part of the loss-sharing agreement in January 2009 also has an exercise price of $10.61 and is exercisable for approximately 66.5 million shares of common stock.
8
The following table summarizes Citigroup's issuances, exchanges and repayments of preferred and common stock and trust preferred securities during 2008 and 2009:
Common stock | Citigroup | ||||||||||
and additional | common stock | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars, shares in millions | Preferred stock | paid-in capital | outstanding | ||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2007 | $ | - | $ | 18,062 | 4,995 | ||||||
First quarter 2008 | Issuance of $12.5 billion of convertible preferred stock | ||||||||||
in a private offering, $3.2 billion of convertible | |||||||||||
preferred stock in a public offering, and $3.7 billion | |||||||||||
of non-convertible preferred stock in public | |||||||||||
offerings | 19,384 | - | - | ||||||||
Issuance of shares for Nikko Cordial acquisition | - | (3,485 | ) | 175 | |||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | (3,391 | ) | - | |||||||
Second quarter 2008 | Issuance of shares for Nikko Cordial acquisition | - | (15 | ) | - | ||||||
Issuance of $8.0 billion of preferred stock in a public | |||||||||||
offering and $4.9 billion of common stock | 8,040 | 4,911 | 194 | ||||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | 569 | - | ||||||||
Third quarter 2008 | Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | 290 | - | |||||||
Fourth quarter 2008 | Issuance of $45 billion of preferred stock and warrants | ||||||||||
under TARP | 43,203 | 1,797 | - | ||||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | 37 | - | - | ||||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | 484 | 86 | ||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2008 | $ | 70,664 | $ | 19,222 | 5,450 | ||||||
First quarter 2009 | U.S. government loss-sharing agreement; issuance of | ||||||||||
$7.1 billion of preferred stock and warrants | 3,530 | 88 | - | ||||||||
Reset of convertible preferred stock conversion price | - | 1,285 | - | ||||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | 52 | - | - | ||||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | (4,013 | ) | 63 | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 74,246 | $ | 16,582 | 5,513 | ||||||
Second quarter 2009 | Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | 55 | - | - | |||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | 138 | (5 | ) | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 74,301 | $ | 16,720 | 5,508 | ||||||
Third quarter 2009 (1) | Exchange offers: | ||||||||||
Private investors | (12,500 | ) | 21,839 | 3,846 | |||||||
Public investors-convertible preferred stock | (3,146 | ) | 5,136 | 823 | |||||||
Public investors-non-convertible preferred stock | (11,465 | ) | 9,149 | 3,351 | |||||||
Public investors-trust preferred securities | - | 4,532 | 1,660 | ||||||||
U.S. government matching of private exchange offer | (11,924 | ) | 10,653 | 3,846 | |||||||
U.S. government matching of public exchange offer | (11,926 | ) | 10,654 | 3,846 | |||||||
U.S. government TARP preferred stock converted to | |||||||||||
trust preferred securities | (19,514 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Preferred stock held by U.S. Treasury and FDIC related | |||||||||||
to loss-sharing agreement (converted to trust preferred securities) | (3,530 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | 16 | - | - | ||||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | 349 | (16 | ) | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 312 | $ | 79,032 | 22,864 | ||||||
Fourth quarter 2009 | Issuance of new common equity and tangible equity units (T-DECs) pursuant | ||||||||||
to repayment of TARP and exiting of loss-sharing agreement | - | 20,298 | 5,582 | ||||||||
Other activity (primarily employee benefit plans) | - | (902 | ) | 37 | |||||||
Balance, December 31, 2009 | $ | 312 | $ | 98,428 | 28,483 |
(1) | In addition to the U.S. government exchanges, pursuant to the exchange offers, private holders of approximately $12.5 billion aggregate liquidation value of Citi preferred stock exchanged such preferred stock for approximately 3.8 billion shares of Citi common stock. In addition, public holders of approximately $20.3 billion aggregate liquidation value of Citi preferred stock and trust preferred securities exchanged such securities for approximately 5.8 billion shares of Citi common stock. |
9
Business Environment
The business environment for financial services firms continued to be challenging in 2009, particularly for firms with significant exposure to consumer credit. U.S. unemployment reached 10.1%, GDP continued to contract through the second quarter, housing markets remained weak, and personal and business bankruptcies increased. These factors drove substantial increases in credit costs across consumer and corporate portfolios. Credit spreads continued to widen earlier in the year, driving further declines in the value of credit-sensitive financial instruments. Equity markets were also very weak during early 2009. At its low point in March 2009, the S&P 500 had declined 55% from December 31, 2007 levels.
While these trends were negative for the economy and the financial services industry as a whole, they were accompanied by very high levels of volatility and wide spreads within fixed income markets during the first quarter of 2009, which provided substantial trading opportunities. As a result, fixed income capital markets businesses achieved high levels of revenue and profitability during the first quarter, offsetting some of the substantial credit losses incurred in consumer-oriented businesses, including mortgages and cards.
Beginning in late 2008, significant U.S. government actions were implemented to help stabilize the U.S. economy and restore confidence in the capital markets. The U.S. government had available over $700 billion to invest in financial institutions, including $45 billion in Citi, through TARP. In early 2009, a $787 billion stimulus bill was signed into law. A number of additional programs helped further stimulate demand in 2009, including the U.S. government's first-time home buyer credit programs. The U.S. government also directly supported the capital markets through various programs, including the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) and the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP), and through substantial direct purchases of mortgage-backed securities. These actions, combined with continued accommodative monetary policy on the part of the Federal Reserve Board, helped keep home mortgage rates near historic lows and worked to facilitate the continued flow of credit to consumers.
Late in 2009, some early positive economic signs were observed. U.S. GDP growth was positive in the third and fourth quarters. The S&P 500 finished the year up 23% from December 31, 2008, and up 67% from the trough level in March 2009, though still down 24% from December 31, 2007. Credit spreads, while still elevated, tightened significantly from peak levels in the early part of 2009. In the second half of the year, Citi began to observe some very early signs of stabilization and, in some areas, moderation in U.S. consumer credit trends as net credit losses declined sequentially during the third and fourth quarters, though remaining quite elevated. In addition,
improving economic and market trends led to relatively stronger advisory and equity underwriting volumes in the fourth quarter. On the other hand, lower levels of market volatility and volumes resulted in diminished trading opportunities, which led to significant sequential declines in S&B revenues in the second half of the year. In certain key markets in Asia and Latin America , improvement in the labor markets and overall economic recovery was earlier, and somewhat stronger, than that observed in the U.S. Citi observed improving credit trends in key markets including South Korea, Mexico, Australia, Singapore and India, driven by improving economic conditions as well as Citi's loss mitigation efforts. Further, while EMEA continued to be affected by a challenging economic environment, labor markets began to show some improvement, particularly in Russia and Turkey, and there were some early signs of financial stability returning to some of Citi's key markets in the region.
While some economic and market improvements were observed in late 2009, Citi remains cautious, particularly with respect to its North American businesses, as U.S. unemployment remains high at 10.0% as of December 31, 2009, and housing markets remain relatively weak. In addition, there remains significant uncertainty regarding the pace of economic recovery and the impact of the U.S. government's unwinding of its extensive economic and market supports, which may accelerate in 2010. See "2010 Business Outlook" below.
Citigroup's Actions in Response to Market Challenges
During 2009, Citigroup sought to respond to market challenges and the profound changes in the market environment-changes in funding markets, operating models and client needs-including:
Citi restructured into two primary operating segments-Citicorp and Citi Holdings.
As described above, Citicorp comprises Citi's core franchise, while Citi Holdings consists of non-core businesses and assets that Citi intends to exit as quickly as practicable while seeking to optimize value for shareholders.
Citigroup continued to reduce operating expenses and headcount.
Citi's ongoing operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2009 totaled $12.3 billion, down from $15.1 billion (excluding the goodwill impairment charge) in the fourth quarter of 2008 and $15.7 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007. The decline in expenses was primarily driven by divestitures and re-engineering efforts. In addition, Citi reduced headcount by over 100,000 to approximately 265,000 at December 31, 2009, compared to 375,000 at peak levels in 2007.
10
Citigroup strengthened its balance sheet.
Citi increased its common capital ratios.Citi significantly increased its Tier 1 Common and Tangible Common Equity (TCE) ratios during 2009, primarily as a result of its exchange offers completed in the third quarter of 2009. At December 31, 2009, Citi's Tier 1 Common ratio was 9.6% and its TCE ratio was 10.9%, compared to 2.3% and 3.1% at December 31, 2008, respectively. In addition, Citi's Tier 1 Capital ratio was 11.7% at December 31, 2009. Tier 1 Common and related ratios are measures used and relied on by U.S. banking regulators; however, Tier 1 Common, TCE and related ratios are non-GAAP financial measures for SEC purposes. See "Capital Resources and Liquidity-Capital Resources" for additional information on these measures.
Citi improved its liquidity position.
Citigroup lengthened the maturity structure of its liabilities, increased balances of cash and highly liquid securities, continued to grow its deposit base, raised substantial equity capital and reduced illiquid assets, primarily in Citi Holdings. As a result, structural liquidity (defined as deposits, long-term debt and equity as a percentage of total assets) grew to 73% as of December 31, 2009, compared to 66% at December 31, 2008 and 63% at December 31, 2007. Citigroup had $193 billion of cash and deposits with banks as of December 31, 2009. Citi currently anticipates issuing less than $15 billion of Citigroup-level long-term debt in 2010 (down from $85 billion in 2009) due to its current strong liquidity position and anticipated asset reductions within Citi Holdings.
Citi continued to de-risk and decrease the amount of its total assets.
Citi's total assets were approximately $1.86 trillion as of December 31, 2009, down from approximately $1.94 trillion at December 31, 2008 and $2.19 trillion at December 31, 2007. Consistent with Citi's strategy, Citi Holdings now represents less than 30% of Citi's total assets as of December 31, 2009, compared to 41% at the start of 2008. While Citi made progress in de-risking and decreasing total assets, particularly in Citi Holdings, these actions, together with an expansion of the Company's loss mitigation efforts and declining yields in the trading book, resulted in a 9% reduction in net interest revenue in 2009 versus 2008 and a decrease in Citi's net interest margin (NIM) to 2.65% at December 31, 2009 compared to 3.26% at December 31, 2008.
Citigroup increased its allowance for loan losses.
During 2009, Citi added a net build of $8.0 billion to its allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses was $36 billion at December 31, 2009, or 6.1% of loans, compared to $29.6 billion, or 4.3% of loans, at year-end 2008. With the adoption of SFAS 166 and 167 in the first quarter of 2010, loan loss reserves would have been $49.4 billion, or 6.6% of loans, each as of December 31, 2009 and based on current estimates. The consumer loan loss reserve was $28.4 billion at December 31, 2009, representing 14.1 months of concurrent charge-off coverage, versus 13.1 months at December 31, 2008.
Citi began to make selected investments in its core businesses.
Within Regional Consumer Banking , Citi began making selected investments in its core businesses in the latter part of 2009. For example, in Asia , Citi invested in new customer acquisition in the emerging affluent segment and in card usage promotion. In Latin America , Citi invested in card account acquisition, with a focus on higher-quality new accounts, consistent with portfolio repositioning objectives. Citigroup also continued to invest in consumer banking technology, for example, in banking products in markets such as Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea, where mobile phones and mobile banking have intersected in ways not yet seen in the U.S. Within Transaction Services , Citi continued to invest in technology to support its global network, including its investor services suite of products, prepaid and commercial cards offerings and launch of a new front end online banking technology that provides a diverse set of functionality beyond traditional transaction management and reporting. These and similar investments have increased, and will likely continue to increase, Citi's operating expenses.
2010 BUSINESS OUTLOOK
While showing signs of improvement, the macroeconomic environment going into 2010 remains challenging, with U.S. unemployment still elevated. The U.S. government has indicated its intention to continue scaling back programs put in place to support the market during 2008 and 2009. The impact of the U.S. government's exit from many of these programs is a source of uncertainty in 2010, as is the future course of monetary policy. In addition, the potential impact of new laws and regulations (e.g., The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (CARD Act)), potential new capital standards, and other legislative and regulatory initiatives is a source of significant additional uncertainty regarding the business and market environment.
11
Citigroup is maintaining a cautious stance in light of this uncertain market environment and continued macroeconomic headwinds. As it enters 2010, Citi is focused on maintaining high levels of capital and liquidity, rigorous risk management practices and cost discipline. In Citi Holdings, Citi will continue to focus on reducing assets, which could result in lower revenues and operating expenses in 2010. In Citicorp, the focus will remain on serving the company's core institutional, corporate and retail client base in the U.S. and around the world. Citi will continue to focus on credit loss mitigation and expense control, and may continue to invest in areas such as Asia and Latin America , where economic recovery and growth appear to be taking hold. Operating expenses may grow modestly in Citicorp in 2010, as a portion of the cost reductions achieved in Citi Holdings is re-invested in the core franchise.
Credit costs will likely remain a significant driver of Citigroup's results in 2010, particularly in North America , where credit trends will largely depend on the broader macroeconomic environment, as well as the impact
of industry factors such as CARD Act implementation and the outcome of the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) and other loss mitigation efforts. See "Results of Operations-Citicorp- North America Regional Consumer Banking , " "-Citi Holdings- Local Consumer Lending " and "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk" for additional information. Citi expects U.S. consumer net credit losses to increase modestly in the first quarter of 2010 from fourth quarter 2009 levels, due in part to expected seasonal patterns, after which there may be some slight improvement. However, net credit losses in the second half of 2010 will be dependent on the macroeconomic environment and success of the company's ongoing loss mitigation efforts. Changes to Citigroup's consumer loan loss reserve balances will continue to reflect the losses embedded in Citi's consumer loan portfolio due to underlying credit trends as well as the impact of Citi's forbearance programs. Citi currently expects NIM to remain under pressure due to its enhanced liquidity position and ongoing de-risking of the balance sheet.
12
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | Citigroup Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries |
In millions of dollars, except per-share amounts, ratios and direct staff | 2009 | (1) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 48,914 | $ | 53,749 | $ | 45,389 | $ | 37,928 | $ | 37,494 | |||||
Non-interest revenue | 31,371 | (2,150 | ) | 31,911 | 48,399 | 42,583 | |||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 80,285 | $ | 51,599 | $ | 77,300 | $ | 86,327 | $ | 80,077 | |||||
Operating expenses | 47,822 | 69,240 | 58,737 | 50,301 | 43,549 | ||||||||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | 40,262 | 34,714 | 17,917 | 7,537 | 7,971 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (7,799 | ) | $ | (52,355 | ) | $ | 646 | $ | 28,489 | $ | 28,557 | |||
Income taxes (benefits) | (6,733 | ) | (20,326 | ) | (2,546 | ) | 7,749 | 8,787 | |||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (1,066 | ) | $ | (32,029 | ) | $ | 3,192 | $ | 20,740 | $ | 19,770 | |||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes (2) | (445 | ) | 4,002 | 708 | 1,087 | 5,417 | |||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of taxes (3) | - | - | - | - | (49 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,511 | ) | $ | (28,027 | ) | $ | 3,900 | $ | 21,827 | $ | 25,138 | |||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | 289 | 549 | |||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | 3,617 | $ | 21,538 | $ | 24,589 | |||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||
Basic: | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | $ | 4.07 | $ | 3.69 | |||
Net income (loss) | (0.80 | ) | (5.63 | ) | 0.68 | 4.29 | 4.74 | ||||||||
Diluted: | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | $ | 4.05 | $ | 3.67 | |||
Net income (loss) | (0.80 | ) | (5.63 | ) | 0.67 | 4.27 | 4.71 | ||||||||
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.01 | $ | 1.12 | $ | 2.16 | $ | 1.96 | $ | 1.76 | |||||
At December 31 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,856,646 | $ | 1,938,470 | $ | 2,187,480 | $ | 1,884,167 | $ | 1,493,886 | |||||
Total deposits | 835,903 | 774,185 | 826,230 | 712,041 | 591,828 | ||||||||||
Long-term debt | 364,019 | 359,593 | 427,112 | 288,494 | 217,499 | ||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts | 19,345 | 24,060 | 23,756 | 9,775 | 6,459 | ||||||||||
Common stockholders' equity | 152,388 | 70,966 | 113,447 | 118,632 | 111,261 | ||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 152,700 | 141,630 | 113,447 | 119,632 | 112,386 | ||||||||||
Direct staff (in thousands) | 265 | 323 | 375 | 327 | 296 | ||||||||||
Ratios: | |||||||||||||||
Return on common stockholders' equity (4) | (9.4 | )% | (28.8 | )% | 2.9 | % | 18.8 | % | 22.4 | % | |||||
Return on total stockholders' equity (4) | (1.1 | ) | (20.9 | ) | 3.0 | 18.7 | 22.2 | ||||||||
Tier 1 Capital | 11.67 | % | 11.92 | % | 7.12 | % | 8.59 | % | 8.79 | % | |||||
Total Capital | 15.25 | 15.70 | 10.70 | 11.65 | 12.02 | ||||||||||
Leverage (5) | 6.89 | 6.08 | 4.03 | 5.16 | 5.35 | ||||||||||
Common stockholders' equity to assets | 8.21 | % | 3.66 | % | 5.19 | % | 6.30 | % | 7.45 | % | |||||
Total stockholders' equity to assets | 8.22 | 7.31 | 5.19 | 6.35 | 7.52 | ||||||||||
Dividend payout ratio (6) | NM | NM | 322.4 | 45.9 | 37.4 | ||||||||||
Book value per common share | $ | 5.35 | $ | 13.02 | $ | 22.71 | $ | 24.15 | $ | 22.34 | |||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends | NM | NM | 1.01 | x | 1.50 | x | 1.79 | x |
(1) | On January 1, 2009, Citigroup adopted SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements (now ASC 810-10-45-15, Consolidation: Noncontrolling Interest in a Subsidiary ), and FSP EITF 03- 6-1, "Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities" (now ASC 260-10-45-59A, Earnings Per Share: Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method ). All prior periods have been restated to conform to the current period's presentation. | |
(2) | Discontinued operations for 2005 to 2009 reflect the sale of Nikko Cordial Securities to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, the sale of Citigroup's German retail banking operations to Crédit Mutuel, and the sale of CitiCapital's equipment finance unit to General Electric. In addition, discontinued operations for 2005 and 2006 include the operations and associated gain on sale of substantially all of Citigroup's asset management business, the majority of which closed on December 1, 2005. Discontinued operations from 2005 and 2006 also include the operations and associated gain on sale of Citigroup's Travelers Life & Annuity, substantially all of Citigroup's international insurance business and Citigroup's Argentine pension business to MetLife Inc., which closed on July 1, 2005. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(3) | Accounting change of $(49) million in 2005 represents the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations, an interpretation of SFAS No. 143 (FIN 47) (now ASC 410-20, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations: Asset Retirement Obligations ). | |
(4) | The return on average common stockholders' equity is calculated using net income less preferred stock dividends divided by average common stockholders' equity. The return on total stockholders' equity is calculated using net income divided by average stockholders' equity. | |
(5) | Tier 1 Capital divided by each year's fourth quarter adjusted average total assets (hereinafter as adjusted average total assets). | |
(6) | Dividends declared per common share as a percentage of net income per diluted share. | |
NM Not meaningful |
13
SEGMENT, BUSINESS AND PRODUCT - INCOME (LOSS) AND REVENUES
The following tables show the income (loss) and revenues for Citigroup on a segment, business and product view:
CITIGROUP INCOME (LOSS)
% Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from Continuing Operations | |||||||||||||
CITICORP | |||||||||||||
Regional Consumer Banking | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 354 | $ | (1,578 | ) | $ | 1,867 | NM | NM | ||||
EMEA | (209 | ) | 50 | 96 | NM | (48 | )% | ||||||
Latin America | 323 | (3,348 | ) | 1,616 | NM | NM | |||||||
Asia | 1,423 | 1,736 | 2,010 | (18 | )% | (14 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,891 | $ | (3,140 | ) | $ | 5,589 | NM | NM | ||||
Securities and Banking | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 2,417 | $ | 2,275 | $ | 1,687 | 6 | % | 35 | % | |||
EMEA | 3,393 | 656 | 1,595 | NM | (59 | ) | |||||||
Latin America | 1,512 | 1,048 | 1,436 | 44 | (27 | ) | |||||||
Asia | 1,830 | 1,973 | 1,795 | (7 | ) | 10 | |||||||
Total | $ | 9,152 | $ | 5,952 | $ | 6,513 | 54 | % | (9 | )% | |||
Transaction Services | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 615 | $ | 323 | $ | 209 | 90 | % | 55 | % | |||
EMEA | 1,287 | 1,246 | 816 | 3 | 53 | ||||||||
Latin America | 604 | 588 | 463 | 3 | 27 | ||||||||
Asia | 1,230 | 1,196 | 968 | 3 | 24 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 3,736 | $ | 3,353 | $ | 2,456 | 11 | % | 37 | % | |||
Institutional Clients Group | $ | 12,888 | $ | 9,305 | $ | 8,969 | 39 | % | 4 | % | |||
Total Citicorp | $ | 14,779 | $ | 6,165 | $ | 14,558 | NM | (58 | )% | ||||
CITI HOLDINGS | |||||||||||||
Brokerage and Asset Management | $ | 7,107 | $ | (764 | ) | $ | 1,707 | NM | NM | ||||
Local Consumer Lending | (10,043 | ) | (8,254 | ) | 1,712 | (22 | )% | NM | |||||
Special Asset Pool | (5,303 | ) | (26,994 | ) | (12,111 | ) | 80 | NM | |||||
Total Citi Holdings | $ | (8,239 | ) | $ | (36,012 | ) | $ | (8,692 | ) | 77 | % | NM | |
Corporate/Other | $ | (7,606 | ) | $ | (2,182 | ) | $ | (2,674 | ) | NM | 18 | % | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (1,066 | ) | $ | (32,029 | ) | $ | 3,192 | 97 | % | NM | ||
Discontinued operations | $ | (445 | ) | $ | 4,002 | $ | 708 | NM | NM | ||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | NM | NM | |||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | 3,617 | 94 | % | NM |
NM Not meaningful
14
CITIGROUP REVENUES
% Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||||
CITICORP | |||||||||||||
Regional Consumer Banking | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 7,246 | $ | 7,764 | $ | 9,773 | (7 | )% | (21 | )% | |||
EMEA | 1,555 | 1,865 | 1,587 | (17 | ) | 18 | |||||||
Latin America | 7,354 | 8,758 | 8,279 | (16 | ) | 6 | |||||||
Asia | 6,616 | 7,287 | 7,004 | (9 | ) | 4 | |||||||
Total | $ | 22,771 | $ | 25,674 | $ | 26,643 | (11 | )% | (4 | )% | |||
Securities and Banking | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 9,400 | $ | 10,987 | $ | 8,998 | (14 | )% | 22 | % | |||
EMEA | 10,035 | 6,006 | 7,756 | 67 | (23 | ) | |||||||
Latin America | 3,411 | 2,369 | 3,161 | 44 | (25 | ) | |||||||
Asia | 4,800 | 5,573 | 5,441 | (14 | ) | 2 | |||||||
Total | $ | 27,646 | $ | 24,935 | $ | 25,356 | 11 | % | (2 | )% | |||
Transaction Services | |||||||||||||
North America | $ | 2,526 | $ | 2,161 | $ | 1,646 | 17 | % | 31 | % | |||
EMEA | 3,389 | 3,677 | 2,999 | (8 | ) | 23 | |||||||
Latin America | 1,373 | 1,439 | 1,199 | (5 | ) | 20 | |||||||
Asia | 2,501 | 2,669 | 2,254 | (6 | ) | 18 | |||||||
Total | $ | 9,789 | $ | 9,946 | $ | 8,098 | (2 | )% | 23 | % | |||
Institutional Clients Group | $ | 37,435 | $ | 34,881 | $ | 33,454 | 7 | % | 4 | % | |||
Total Citicorp | $ | 60,206 | $ | 60,555 | $ | 60,097 | (1 | )% | 1 | % | |||
CITI HOLDINGS | |||||||||||||
Brokerage and Asset Management | $ | 15,135 | $ | 8,423 | $ | 10,659 | 80 | % | (21 | )% | |||
Local Consumer Lending | 19,182 | 24,453 | 26,750 | (22 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Special Asset Pool | (3,682 | ) | (39,574 | ) | (17,896 | ) | 91 | NM | |||||
Total Citi Holdings | $ | 30,635 | $ | (6,698 | ) | $ | 19,513 | NM | NM | ||||
Corporate/Other | $ | (10,556 | ) | $ | (2,258 | ) | $ | (2,310 | ) | NM | 2 | % | |
Total net revenues | $ | 80,285 | $ | 51,599 | $ | 77,300 | 56 | % | (33 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
15
CITICORP
Citicorp is the company's global bank for consumers and businesses and represents Citi's core franchise. Citicorp is focused on providing best-in-class products and services to customers and leveraging Citigroup's unparalleled global network. Citicorp is physically present in nearly 100 countries, many for over 100 years, and offers services in over 140 countries. Citi believes this global network provides a strong foundation for servicing the broad financial services needs of large multinational clients and for meeting the needs of retail, private banking and commercial customers around the world. Citigroup's global footprint provides coverage of the world's emerging economies, which the company believes represents a strong area of growth. As discussed in the "Executive Summary," Citicorp remained profitable in 2008 and 2009, despite very difficult market conditions. At December 31, 2009, Citicorp had approximately $1.1 trillion of assets and $731 billion of deposits, representing approximately 60% of Citi's total assets and approximately 90% of its deposits.
Citicorp consists of the following businesses: Regional Consumer Banking (which includes retail banking and Citi-branded cards in four regions- North America, EMEA, Latin America and Asia) and Institutional Clients Group (which includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services ).
% Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 33,263 | $ | 33,970 | $ | 25,600 | (2 | )% | 33 | % | |||
Non-interest revenue | 26,943 | 26,585 | 34,497 | 1 | (23 | ) | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 60,206 | $ | 60,555 | $ | 60,097 | (1 | )% | 1 | % | |||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | |||||||||||||
Net credit losses | $ | 6,079 | $ | 4,941 | $ | 2,700 | 23 | % | 83 | % | |||
Credit reserve build | 2,562 | 3,219 | 1,069 | (20 | ) | NM | |||||||
Provision for loan losses | $ | 8,641 | $ | 8,160 | $ | 3,769 | 6 | % | NM | ||||
Provision for benefits and claims | 48 | 6 | 16 | NM | (63 | )% | |||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 138 | (191 | ) | 79 | NM | NM | |||||||
Total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 8,827 | $ | 7,975 | $ | 3,864 | 11 | % | NM | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 31,725 | $ | 43,533 | $ | 36,437 | (27 | )% | 19 | % | |||
Income from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 19,654 | $ | 9,047 | $ | 19,796 | NM | (54 | )% | ||||
Provisions for income taxes | 4,875 | 2,882 | 5,238 | 69 | % | (45 | ) | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 14,779 | $ | 6,165 | $ | 14,558 | NM | (58 | )% | ||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 68 | 29 | 63 | NM | (54 | ) | |||||||
Citicorp's net income | $ | 14,711 | $ | 6,136 | $ | 14,495 | NM | (58 | )% | ||||
Balance sheet data (in billions of dollars) | |||||||||||||
Total EOP assets | $ | 1,079 | $ | 1,002 | $ | 1,222 | 8 | % | (18 | )% | |||
Average assets | $ | 1,035 | $ | 1,256 | $ | 1,353 | (18 | )% | (7 | )% | |||
Total EOP deposits | $ | 731 | $ | 673 | $ | 733 | 9 | % | (8 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
16
REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
Regional Consumer Banking (RCB) consists of Citigroup's four regional consumer banks that provide traditional banking services to retail customers. RCB also contains Citigroup's branded cards business and small commercial banking business. RCB is a globally diversified business with nearly 4,000 branches in 39 countries around the world. During 2009, 68% of total RCB revenues were from outside North America . Additionally, the majority of international revenues and loans were from emerging economies in Asia, Latin America , and Central and Eastern Europe. At year-end 2009, RCB had $213 billion of assets and $290 billion of deposits.
% Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 15,524 | $ | 16,230 | $ | 13,896 | (4 | )% | 17 | % | |||
Non-interest revenue | 7,247 | 9,444 | 12,747 | (23 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 22,771 | $ | 25,674 | $ | 26,643 | (11 | )% | (4 | )% | |||
Total operating expenses | $ | 14,157 | $ | 22,578 | $ | 15,625 | (37 | )% | 44 | % | |||
Net credit losses | $ | 5,356 | $ | 4,024 | $ | 2,390 | 33 | % | 68 | % | |||
Credit reserve build | 1,705 | 2,070 | 902 | (18 | ) | NM | |||||||
Provision for benefits and claims | 48 | 6 | 15 | NM | (60 | ) | |||||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 7,109 | $ | 6,100 | $ | 3,307 | 17 | % | 84 | % | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 1,505 | $ | (3,004 | ) | $ | 7,711 | NM | NM | ||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (386 | ) | 136 | 2,122 | NM | (94 | )% | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,891 | $ | (3,140 | ) | $ | 5,589 | NM | NM | ||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | 11 | 18 | (100 | )% | (39 | )% | ||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,891 | $ | (3,151 | ) | $ | 5,571 | NM | NM | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 196 | $ | 219 | $ | 199 | (11 | )% | 10 | % | |||
Return on assets | 0.96 | % | (1.44 | )% | 2.80 | % | |||||||
Average deposits (in billions of dollars) | $ | 271 | $ | 267 | $ | 256 | 1 | % | 4 | % | |||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 4.47 | % | 3.15 | % | 2.08 | % | |||||||
Revenue by business | |||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 12,799 | $ | 13,700 | $ | 12,871 | (7 | )% | 6 | % | |||
Citi-branded cards | 9,972 | 11,974 | 13,772 | (17 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 22,771 | $ | 25,674 | $ | 26,643 | (11 | )% | (4 | )% | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations by business | |||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 2,006 | $ | (3,965 | ) | $ | 2,400 | NM | NM | ||||
Citi-branded cards | (115 | ) | 825 | 3,189 | NM | (74 | )% | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,891 | $ | (3,140 | ) | $ | 5,589 | NM | NM |
NM Not meaningful
17
NORTH AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
North America Regional Consumer Banking (NA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses in the U.S. NA RCB' s approximately 1,000 retail bank branches and 12 million retail customer accounts are largely concentrated in the greater metropolitan areas of New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Miami, Washington, D.C., Boston, Philadelphia, and the larger cities in Texas. At December 31, 2009, NA RCB had approximately $7.2 billion of retail banking loans and $143.7 billion of deposits. In addition, NA RCB had approximately 23.1 million Citi-branded credit card accounts, with $82.7 billion in outstanding loan balances on a managed basis.
% Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 4,559 | $ | 3,662 | $ | 3,019 | 24 | % | 21 | % | |||
Non-interest revenue | 2,687 | 4,102 | 6,754 | (34 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 7,246 | $ | 7,764 | $ | 9,773 | (7 | )% | (21 | )% | |||
Total operating expenses | $ | 5,359 | $ | 8,388 | $ | 6,401 | (36 | )% | 31 | % | |||
Net credit losses | $ | 1,151 | $ | 615 | $ | 450 | 87 | % | 37 | % | |||
Credit reserve build/(release) | 446 | 463 | 96 | (4 | ) | NM | |||||||
Provisions for benefits and claims | 48 | 5 | (3 | ) | NM | NM | |||||||
Provision for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 1,645 | $ | 1,083 | $ | 543 | 52 | % | 99 | % | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | 242 | $ | (1,707 | ) | $ | 2,829 | NM | NM | |||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (112 | ) | (129 | ) | 962 | 13 | % | NM | |||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 354 | $ | (1,578 | ) | $ | 1,867 | NM | NM | ||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 354 | $ | (1,578 | ) | $ | 1,867 | NM | NM | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 34 | $ | 36 | $ | 39 | (6 | )% | (8 | )% | |||
Average deposits (in billions of dollars) | $ | 137 | $ | 123 | $ | 120 | 11 | % | 3 | % | |||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 5.84 | % | 3.60 | % | 2.68 | % | |||||||
Revenue by business | |||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 3,907 | $ | 3,770 | $ | 3,301 | 4 | % | 14 | % | |||
Citi-branded cards | 3,339 | 3,994 | 6,472 | (16 | ) | (38 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | 7,246 | $ | 7,764 | $ | 9,773 | (7 | )% | (21 | )% | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations by business | |||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 429 | $ | (1,788 | ) | $ | 111 | NM | NM | ||||
Citi-branded cards | (75 | ) | 210 | 1,756 | NM | (88 | )% | ||||||
Total | $ | 354 | $ | (1,578 | ) | $ | 1,867 | NM | NM |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs. 2008
Revenues, net of interest expense declined 7%, primarily reflecting higher credit losses in the securitization trusts, which were offset by higher credit-card-securitization revenue, higher net interest margin in cards and higher volumes in retail banking.
Net interest revenue was up 24%, driven by the impact of pricing actions and lower funding costs in Citi-branded cards, and by higher deposit volumes in retail banking, with average deposits up 11% from the prior year.
Non-interest revenue declined 34%, driven by higher credit losses flowing through the securitization trusts partially offset by securitization revenue, and by the absence of a $349 million gain on the sale of Visa shares and a $170 million gain from a cards portfolio sale in the prior year.
Operating expenses declined 36% from the prior year. Excluding a 2008 goodwill impairment charge of $2.3 billion, expenses were down 12% reflecting the benefits from re-engineering efforts, lower marketing costs, and the absence of $217 million in repositioning charges in the prior year offset by the absence of a prior-year $159 million Visa litigation reserve release.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased $562 million, or 52%, primarily due to rising net credit losses in both cards and retail banking. Continued weakening of leading credit indicators and trends in the macroeconomic environment, including rising unemployment and higher bankruptcy filings, primarily drove higher credit costs. The cards managed net credit loss ratio increased 386 basis points to 9.58%, while the retail banking net credit loss ratio increased 75 basis points to 4.29% (see the "Managed Presentations" section below).
18
2008 vs. 2007
Revenues, net of interest expense decreased 21%, driven by lower securitization revenue and higher credit losses in the securitization trusts, which were partially offset by higher net interest margin in cards and higher revenues in retail banking. Lower securitization revenue was mainly driven by a write-down of $1.1 billion in the residual interest in securitized balances. The residual interest was primarily affected by deterioration in the projected credit loss assumption used to value the asset.
Net interest revenue was up 21%, mainly driven by lower funding costs.
Non-interest revenue decreased 39%, primarily due to lower securitization revenue, higher credit losses in the securitization trusts, and the absence of a $297 million gain on the sale of MasterCard shares in 2007. This decline was partially offset by a $349 million gain on the sale of Visa shares and a $170 million gain from a cards portfolio sale in 2008.
Operating expenses increased 31%, primarily driven by a $2.3 billion goodwill impairment charge in 2008. Excluding the charge, expenses were down 5% mainly reflecting the absence of a $292 million Visa litigation-related charge in 2007 and a $159 million Visa litigation reserve release in 2008, partially offset by $217 million repositioning charges in 2008.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased $540 million driven by higher net credit losses, up $165 million, and a higher loan loss reserve build, up $367 million, in both cards and retail banking. Higher credit costs reflected a weakening of leading credit indicators, including the continued acceleration in the rate at which delinquent cards customers advanced to write-off, as well as trends in the macroeconomic environment, including the housing market downturn and rising unemployment. The cards managed net credit loss ratio increased 191 basis points to 5.72%, while the retail banking net credit loss ratio increased 14 basis points to 3.54%.
Managed Presentations
Managed-basis (Managed) presentations detail certain non-GAAP financial measures. Managed presentations (applicable only to North American branded and retail partner credit card operations in NA RCB and Citi Holdings - Local Consumer Lending , respectively, as there are no deconsolidated credit card securitizations in any other region) include results from both the on-balance-sheet loans and off-balance-sheet loans, and exclude the impact of credit card securitizations activity. Managed presentations assume that securitized loans have not been sold and present the results of the securitized loans in the same manner as Citigroup's owned loans. Citigroup believes that Managed presentations are useful to investors because they are widely used by analysts and investors within the credit card industry. Managed presentations are commonly used by other companies within the financial services industry. See also the "2010 Outlook" for NA RCB below.
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Managed credit losses as | ||||||
a percentage of average | ||||||
managed loans | 9.14 | % | 5.62 | % | 3.81 | % |
Impact from credit card | ||||||
securitizations | 3.30 | % | 2.02 | % | 1.13 | % |
Net credit losses as a | ||||||
percentage of average loans | 5.84 | % | 3.60 | % | 2.68 | % |
2010 Outlook
In 2010, NA RCB is expected to continue to operate in a challenging economic and credit environment. Revenues will be affected by the continued U.S. economic downturn that has impacted customer demand and credit performance, as well as by legislative and regulatory changes. Both retail banking and cards will continue to focus on tight expense control, productivity improvements, and effective credit management. With high levels of unemployment and bankruptcy filings in 2010, net credit losses, delinquencies and defaults are expected to remain at elevated levels during the year.
NA RCB results will also continue to be impacted by Citi's continued implementation of the CARD Act as well as the company's loss mitigation and forbearance programs, particularly in Citi's card and U.S. mortgage businesses. The majority of the provisions of the CARD Act will have taken effect by February 2010. The CARD Act implementation began to impact card revenues in the fourth quarter of 2009 as lower net interest rate revenue due to such implementation was partially mitigated by pricing actions. Management within NA RCB continues to review and revise the company's credit card business model to implement the required changes of the CARD Act, and this will likely continue throughout 2010. While management of NA RCB believes that it can mitigate a portion of the impact of the CARD Act, Citi currently estimates that the net impact of the CARD Act on NA RCB revenues for 2010 could be a reduction of approximately $400 to $600 million. See also "Results of Operations-Citi Holdings- Local Consumer Lending " and "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk" below.
In addition, on January 1, 2010, Citi adopted SFAS No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (SFAS 166) and SFAS No. 167 Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (SFAS 167). These new accounting standards will be applied prospectively and will require consolidation of certain credit card securitization trusts and the elimination of sale accounting for transfers of credit card receivables to those trusts. Under previous accounting standards, transfers of credit card receivables to the securitization trusts were accounted for as sales. Consequently, beginning in 2010, the financial results of NA RCB will vary from previously reported financial results prepared under the amended accounting standards. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of "Future Application of Accounting Standards" for further detail.
19
EMEA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
EMEA Regional Consumer Banking (EMEA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, primarily in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Western Europe retail banking is included in Citi Holdings. EMEA RCB has repositioned its business, shifting from a strategy of widespread distribution to a focused strategy concentrating on larger urban markets within the region. An exception is Bank Handlowy, which has a mass market presence in Poland. The countries in which EMEA RCB has the largest presence are Poland, Turkey, Russia and the United Arab Emirates. At December 31, 2009, EMEA RCB had approximately 341 retail bank branches with approximately 4.2 million customer accounts, $5.2 billion in retail banking loans and $10.1 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had approximately 2.7 million Citi-branded card accounts with $3.0 billion in outstanding loan balances.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 979 | $ | 1,269 | $ | 967 | (23 | )% | 31 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 576 | 596 | 620 | (3 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 1,555 | $ | 1,865 | $ | 1,587 | (17 | )% | 18 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 1,094 | $ | 1,500 | $ | 1,265 | (27 | )% | 19 | % | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 487 | $ | 237 | $ | 113 | NM | NM | ||||||
Credit reserve build/(release) | 307 | 75 | 96 | NM | (22 | )% | ||||||||
Provisions for loan losses | $ | 794 | $ | 312 | $ | 209 | NM | 49 | % | |||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | (333 | ) | $ | 53 | $ | 113 | NM | (53 | )% | ||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (124 | ) | 3 | 17 | NM | (82 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (209 | ) | $ | 50 | $ | 96 | NM | (48 | )% | ||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | 12 | 18 | (100 | )% | (33 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (209 | ) | $ | 38 | $ | 78 | NM | (51 | )% | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 11 | $ | 13 | $ | 10 | (15 | )% | 30 | % | ||||
Return on assets | (1.90 | )% | 0.29 | % | 0.78 | % | ||||||||
Average deposits (in billions of dollars) | $ | 9 | $ | 11 | $ | 9 | (18 | )% | 22 | % | ||||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 5.81 | % | 2.48 | % | 1.56 | % | ||||||||
Revenue by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 889 | $ | 1,160 | $ | 1,039 | (23 | )% | 12 | % | ||||
Citi-branded cards | 666 | 705 | 548 | (6 | ) | 29 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 1,555 | $ | 1,865 | $ | 1,587 | (17 | )% | 18 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | (179 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | NM | NM | |||
Citi-branded cards | (30 | ) | 107 | 104 | NM | 3 | % | |||||||
Total | $ | (209 | ) | $ | 50 | $ | 96 | NM | (48 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs.
2008
Revenues, net of interest
expense declined
17%. More than half of the revenue decline is attributable to the impact of FX
translation. Other drivers included lower wealth-management and lending revenues
due to lower volumes and spread compression from credit tightening initiatives.
Investment sales declined by 26% due to market conditions at the start of the
year with assets under management increasing by 9% by year
end.
Net interest revenue was 23% lower than the prior year due to external competitive pressure
on rates and higher funding costs, with average loans for retail banking down
18% and average deposits down 18%.
Non-interest revenue decreased by 3%, primarily due to the impact of FX translation.
Excluding FX there was marginal
growth.
Operating expenses declined 27%, reflecting expense control actions, lower marketing expenses and
the impact of FX translation. Cost savings were achieved by branch closures,
headcount reductions and process re-engineering
efforts.
Provisions for loan losses increased $482 million to $794 million. Net credit
losses increased from $237 million to $487 million, while the loan loss
reserve build increased from $75 million to $307 million. Higher credit costs
reflected continued credit deterioration across the region.
20
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense increased 18% due to growth in the
size of the portfolio across Central and Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
Investment sales declined by 39% with assets under management declining by 42%
as a result of market conditions in the second half of
2008.
Net interest revenue was 31% higher than the prior year due to growth in the size of the
portfolio across Central and Eastern Europe and the Middle East and growth in
revolving balances. Average loans for retail banking were up 26%, cards were up
49% and average deposits were up
22%.
Non-interest revenue decreased by 4% due to reduced investment revenue as a result of market
conditions.
Operating expenses increased 19%, reflecting growth in the portfolio and repositioning
charges.
Provisions for loan losses increased 49% to $312 million. Net
credit losses increased from $113 million to $237 million, while the Loan loss reserve build decreased by 22%
to $75 million. Credit costs increased as a result of market conditions driving
deterioration in the portfolio.
2010
Outlook
During
2010, EMEA RCB businesses are expected to operate in an
environment of continued challenging economic and credit conditions. While key
business drivers, including deposits, investment sales and card purchase sales,
began to show some signs of improvement during the latter part of 2009,
continued positive developments, if any, will depend on the success of EMEA RCB 's strategy of concentrated focus on larger
urban markets. Credit quality is currently anticipated to improve modestly with
remedial programs and tighter origination standards reducing both delinquencies
and credit losses, with some continued pockets of weakness in Poland and
Hungary. Loan and card volume growth will continue to be controlled, driven by
tighter origination standards.
21
LATIN AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
Latin America Regional Consumer Banking (LATAM RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest presence in Mexico and Brazil. LATAM RCB includes branch networks throughout Latin America as well as Banamex, Mexico's second largest bank with over 1,700 branches. At December 31, 2009, LATAM RCB had approximately 2,216 retail branches, with 16.6 million customer accounts, $18.2 billion in retail banking loan balances and $41.4 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had approximately 12.2 million Citi-branded card accounts with $12.2 billion in outstanding loan balances.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 5,303 | $ | 6,391 | $ | 5,567 | (17 | )% | 15 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 2,051 | 2,367 | 2,712 | (13 | ) | (13 | ) | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 7,354 | $ | 8,758 | $ | 8,279 | (16 | )% | 6 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 4,232 | $ | 8,857 | $ | 4,503 | (52 | )% | 97 | % | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 2,435 | $ | 2,205 | $ | 1,189 | 10 | % | 85 | % | ||||
Credit reserve build/(release) | 458 | 1,116 | 504 | (59 | ) | NM | ||||||||
Provision for benefits and claims | - | 1 | 18 | (100 | ) | (94 | ) | |||||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 2,893 | $ | 3,322 | $ | 1,711 | (13 | )% | 94 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 229 | $ | (3,421 | ) | $ | 2,065 | NM | NM | |||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (94 | ) | (73 | ) | 449 | (29 | )% | NM | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 323 | $ | (3,348 | ) | $ | 1,616 | NM | NM | |||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | - | 1 | - | (100 | )% | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 323 | $ | (3,348 | ) | $ | 1,615 | NM | NM | |||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | 61 | $ | 76 | $ | 63 | (20 | )% | 21 | % | |||||
Return on assets | 0.53 | % | (4.41 | )% | 2.56 | % | ||||||||
Average deposits (in billions of dollars) | $ | 36 | $ | 40 | $ | 38 | (10 | )% | 5 | % | ||||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 8.60 | % | 7.11 | % | 4.57 | % | ||||||||
Revenue by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 3,872 | $ | 4,097 | $ | 3,979 | (5 | )% | 3 | % | ||||
Citi-branded cards | 3,482 | 4,661 | 4,300 | (25 | ) | 8 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 7,354 | $ | 8,758 | $ | 8,279 | (16 | )% | 6 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 547 | $ | (3,500 | ) | $ | 812 | NM | NM | |||||
Citi-branded cards | (224 | ) | 152 | 804 | NM | (81 | )% | |||||||
Total | $ | 323 | $ | (3,348 | ) | $ | 1,616 | NM | NM |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs.
2008
Revenues, net of interest
expense declined 16%, driven by
the impact of FX translation as well as lower activity in the branded cards
business.
Net interest revenue decreased 17%, mainly driven by FX translation impact as well as lower
volumes and spread compression in the branded cards business that offset the
growth in loans, deposits and investment products in the retail
business.
Non interest revenue decreased 13%, driven also by FX impact and lower branded cards fee
income from lower customer activity.
Operating expenses decreased 52%, primarily driven by the absence of a goodwill impairment charge
of $4.3 billion in 2008, the benefit associated with the FX impact and saves
from restructuring actions implemented primarily at the end of 2008. The $125
million related to 2008 restructuring charges was offset by an expense benefit
of $257 million related to a legal vehicle restructuring in 2008. Expenses
increased slightly in the fourth quarter of 2009 primarily due to selected
marketing and investment
spending.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims decreased 13% primarily reflecting lower loan
loss reserve builds as a result of lower volumes, improved portfolio quality and
lower net credit losses in the branded cards portfolio primarily in Mexico due
to repositioning in the portfolio.
22
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues,
net of interest expense increased 6% compared to the prior year, associated with higher volumes and
partially offset by the extraordinary gains recorded in 2007: a $235 million
gain on the sale of Visa shares and a $78 million gain on the sale of MasterCard
shares.
Net interest revenue increased 15% driven by higher volumes in both the branded cards and
retail businesses.
Non-interest revenue declined, driven by the 2007 Visa and MasterCard extraordinary
gains.
Operating expenses growth of 97% was mainly driven by goodwill impairment of $4.3 billion in 2008,
and to a lesser extent, restructuring charges of $125 million. Partially
offsetting these increases was a $257 million expense benefit related to a legal
vehicle restructuring.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased 94%, primarily
driven by higher loan loss reserve builds in 2008 reflecting portfolio growth
and market conditions.
2010
Outlook
Improving economic conditions across the region, including the level of
exchange rates, the credit environment and unemployment rates, are currently
expected to have a positive impact on LATAM RCB performance in 2010. However, LATAM RCB results
will depend on overall macroeconomic conditions in the region as well as the
impact of loss mitigation efforts and the repositioning of the
portfolio.
During the fourth quarter of 2009, LATAM RCB began to increase investments in card account
acquisition, with a focus on higher-quality accounts. This step may begin to
contribute to account and card revenue growth in 2010. While the business
anticipates continued selective marketing and investment spending during the
year, management of LATAM RCB currently
expects that overall operating expenses will continue to reflect re-engineering
efforts.
In addition, Mexico's Ministry of Finance has publicly stated that the
U.S. government ownership stake in Citigroup does not violate Mexican law
barring indirect foreign government ownership of Mexican affiliate banks. The
Mexican Senate has asked the Mexican Supreme Court to determine the
constitutionality of the Ministry's interpretation. The Mexican Supreme Court is
considering and will issue a resolution on the matter. Neither Citi, Banamex nor
the U.S. government is a party to this proceeding.
23
ASIA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING
Asia Regional Consumer Banking (Asia RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest Citi presence in South Korea, Australia, Singapore, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and Hong Kong. At December 31, 2009, Asia RCB had approximately 633 retail branches, $94.5 billion in customer deposits, 15.8 million customer accounts and $50.1 billion in retail banking loans. In addition, the business had approximately 15.1 million Citi-branded card accounts with $17.7 billion in outstanding loan balances at December 31, 2009.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 4,683 | $ | 4,908 | $ | 4,343 | (5 | )% | 13 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 1,933 | 2,379 | 2,661 | (19 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 6,616 | $ | 7,287 | $ | 7,004 | (9 | )% | 4 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 3,472 | $ | 3,833 | $ | 3,456 | (9 | )% | 11 | % | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 1,283 | $ | 967 | $ | 638 | 33 | % | 52 | % | ||||
Credit reserve build | 494 | 416 | 206 | 19 | NM | |||||||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 1,777 | $ | 1,383 | $ | 844 | 28 | % | 64 | % | ||||
Income from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 1,367 | $ | 2,071 | $ | 2,704 | (34 | )% | (23 | )% | ||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (56 | ) | 335 | 694 | NM | (52 | ) | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,423 | $ | 1,736 | $ | 2,010 | (18 | )% | (14 | )% | ||||
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | 100 | - | |||||||
Net income | $ | 1,423 | $ | 1,737 | $ | 2,011 | (18 | )% | (14 | )% | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 90 | $ | 94 | $ | 88 | (4 | )% | 7 | % | ||||
Return on assets | 1.58 | % | 1.85 | % | 2.29 | % | ||||||||
Average deposits (in billions of dollars) | $ | 89 | $ | 93 | $ | 89 | (4 | )% | 4 | % | ||||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 2.02 | % | 1.38 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||||
Revenue by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 4,131 | $ | 4,673 | $ | 4,552 | (12 | )% | 3 | % | ||||
Citi-branded cards | 2,485 | 2,614 | 2,452 | (5 | ) | 7 | % | |||||||
Total | $ | 6,616 | $ | 7,287 | $ | 7,004 | (9 | )% | 4 | % | ||||
Income from continuing operations by business | ||||||||||||||
Retail banking | $ | 1,209 | $ | 1,380 | $ | 1,485 | (12 | )% | (7 | ) | ||||
Citi-branded cards | 214 | 356 | 525 | (40 | ) | (32 | ) | |||||||
Total | $ | 1,423 | $ | 1,736 | $ | 2,010 | (18 | )% | (14 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs. 2008
Revenues,
net of interest expense declined
9%, driven by the absence of the gain on Visa shares in the prior year, lower
investment product revenues and cards purchase sales, lower spreads, and the
impact of FX translation.
Net interest revenue was 5% lower than the prior year. Average loans and deposits were down
10% and 4%, respectively, in each case partly due to the impact of FX
translation.
Non-interest revenue declined 19%, primarily due to the decline in investment revenues, lower
cards purchase sales, the absence of the gain on Visa shares and the impact of
FX translation.
Operating expenses declined 9%, reflecting the benefits of re-engineering efforts and the impact of
FX translation. Expenses increased slightly in the fourth quarter of 2009
primarily due to selected marketing and investment
spending.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased 28%, mainly due to the impact of a
higher credit reserve build and an increase in net credit
losses partially offset by the impact of FX translation. In the first
half of the year, rising credit losses were particularly apparent in the
portfolios in India and South Korea. However, delinquencies improved in recent
periods and net credit losses flattened as the region showed early signs of
economic recovery and increased levels of customer activity.
24
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest
expense increased 4%, driven by
higher cards purchase sales and higher loan and deposit volumes, partially
offset by lower gains on Visa shares than the prior year and a 47% decline in
investment sales.
Net interest revenue was 13% higher than the prior year reflecting higher card balances,
higher average loans and deposits, and better spreads.
Non-interest revenue declined 11%, primarily due to the lower gains on Visa shares than the
prior year and the decline in investment sales, partially offset by higher cards
purchase sales.
Operating expenses increased 11%, reflecting higher business volume and restructuring expenses in
2008.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased 64%, mainly due to higher net
credit losses and higher credit reserve builds, reflective of the overall
economic environment in the region.
2010
Outlook
The 2010
performance of Asia RCB will continue to
be driven by improving macroeconomic conditions in the region, supported by
continued investment spending in the business and product capability. Asia RCB anticipates continued investment in
expanded retail distribution, an enhanced wealth management offering and
increased expenditure on card promotion and account acquisition, which could
result in an increase in year-on-year expenses. While Asia RCB currently expects credit trends,
including declining net credit losses and improving delinquencies, to continue
in 2010, credit trends in the region will also be affected by the pace of
recovery in the U.S. and European Union.
25
INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS GROUP
Institutional Clients Group (ICG) includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services . ICG provides corporate, institutional and high-net-worth clients with a full range of products and services, including cash management, trading, underwriting, lending and advisory services, around the world. ICG' s international presence is supported by trading floors in approximately 75 countries and a proprietary network within Transaction Services in over 90 countries. At December 31, 2009, ICG had approximately $866 billion of assets and $442 billion of deposits.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Commissions and fees | $ | 2,075 | $ | 2,876 | $ | 3,156 | (28 | )% | (9 | )% | ||||
Administration and other fiduciary fees | 4,964 | 5,413 | 5,014 | (8 | ) | 8 | ||||||||
Investment banking | 4,685 | 3,329 | 5,399 | 41 | (38 | ) | ||||||||
Principal transactions | 6,001 | 6,544 | 7,012 | (8 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
Other | 1,971 | (1,021 | ) | 1,169 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Total non-interest revenue | $ | 19,696 | $ | 17,141 | $ | 21,750 | 15 | % | (21 | )% | ||||
Net interest revenue (including dividends) | 17,739 | 17,740 | 11,704 | - | 52 | |||||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 37,435 | $ | 34,881 | $ | 33,454 | 7 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | 17,568 | 20,955 | 20,812 | (16 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
Net credit losses | 723 | 917 | 310 | (21 | ) | NM | ||||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 138 | (191 | ) | 79 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Credit reserve build | 857 | 1,149 | 167 | (25 | ) | NM | ||||||||
Provision for benefits and claims | - | - | 1 | - | (100 | ) | ||||||||
Provisions for loan losses and benefits and claims | $ | 1,718 | $ | 1,875 | $ | 557 | (8 | )% | NM | |||||
Income from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 18,149 | $ | 12,051 | $ | 12,085 | 51 | % | - | |||||
Income taxes | 5,261 | 2,746 | 3,116 | 92 | (12 | )% | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 12,888 | $ | 9,305 | $ | 8,969 | 39 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 68 | 18 | 45 | NM | (60 | ) | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 12,820 | $ | 9,287 | $ | 8,924 | 38 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 839 | $ | 1,037 | $ | 1,154 | (19 | )% | (10 | )% | ||||
Return on assets | 1.53 | % | 0.90 | % | 0.77 | % | ||||||||
Revenues by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 11,926 | $ | 13,148 | $ | 10,644 | (9 | )% | 24 | % | ||||
EMEA | 13,424 | 9,683 | 10,755 | 39 | (10 | ) | ||||||||
Latin America | 4,784 | 3,808 | 4,360 | 26 | (13 | ) | ||||||||
Asia | 7,301 | 8,242 | 7,695 | (11 | ) | 7 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 37,435 | $ | 34,881 | $ | 33,454 | 7 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Income from continuing operations by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 3,032 | $ | 2,598 | $ | 1,896 | 17 | % | 37 | % | ||||
EMEA | 4,680 | 1,902 | 2,411 | NM | (21 | ) | ||||||||
Latin America | 2,116 | 1,636 | 1,899 | 29 | (14 | ) | ||||||||
Asia | 3,060 | 3,169 | 2,763 | (3 | ) | 15 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 12,888 | $ | 9,305 | $ | 8,969 | 39 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Average loans by region (in billions of dollars) | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 45 | $ | 50 | $ | 51 | (10 | )% | (2 | )% | ||||
EMEA | 44 | 54 | 56 | (19 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||
Latin America | 21 | 24 | 26 | (13 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
Asia | 28 | 37 | 38 | (24 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||
Total | $ | 138 | $ | 165 | $ | 171 | (16 | )% | (4 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
26
SECURITIES AND BANKING
Securities and Banking (S&B) offers a wide array of investment and commercial banking services and products for corporations, governments, institutional and retail investors, and ultra-high-net worth individuals. S&B includes investment banking and advisory services, lending, debt and equity sales and trading, institutional brokerage, foreign exchange, structured products, cash instruments and related derivatives, and private banking. S&B revenue is generated primarily from fees for investment banking and advisory services, fees and interest on loans, fees and spread on foreign exchange, structured products, cash instruments and related derivatives, income earned on principal transactions, and fees and spreads on private banking services.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 12,088 | $ | 12,255 | $ | 7,450 | (1 | )% | 64 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 15,558 | 12,680 | 17,906 | 23 | (29 | ) | ||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 27,646 | $ | 24,935 | $ | 25,356 | 11 | % | (2 | )% | ||||
Total operating expenses | 13,053 | 15,799 | 16,178 | (17 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||
Net credit losses | 720 | 899 | 306 | (20 | ) | NM | ||||||||
Provisions for unfunded lending commitments | 138 | (185 | ) | 79 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Credit reserve build | 853 | 1,126 | 201 | (24 | ) | NM | ||||||||
Provisions for benefits and claims | - | - | 1 | - | (100 | ) | ||||||||
Provisions for loan losses and benefits and claims | $ | 1,711 | $ | 1,840 | $ | 587 | (7 | )% | NM | |||||
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests | $ | 12,882 | $ | 7,296 | $ | 8,591 | 77 | % | (15 | )% | ||||
Income taxes | 3,730 | 1,344 | 2,078 | NM | (35 | ) | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 9,152 | 5,952 | 6,513 | 54 | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 55 | (13 | ) | 25 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 9,097 | $ | 5,965 | $ | 6,488 | 53 | % | (8 | )% | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 779 | $ | 966 | $ | 1,085 | (19 | )% | (11 | )% | ||||
Return on assets | 1.17 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.60 | % | ||||||||
Revenues by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 9,400 | $ | 10,987 | $ | 8,998 | (14 | )% | 22 | % | ||||
EMEA | 10,035 | 6,006 | 7,756 | 67 | (23 | ) | ||||||||
Latin America | 3,411 | 2,369 | 3,161 | 44 | (25 | ) | ||||||||
Asia | 4,800 | 5,573 | 5,441 | (14 | ) | 2 | ||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 27,646 | $ | 24,935 | $ | 25,356 | 11 | % | (2 | )% | ||||
Net income from continuing operations by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 2,417 | $ | 2,275 | $ | 1,687 | 6 | % | 35 | % | ||||
EMEA | 3,393 | 656 | 1,595 | NM | (59 | ) | ||||||||
Latin America | 1,512 | 1,048 | 1,436 | 44 | (27 | ) | ||||||||
Asia | 1,830 | 1,973 | 1,795 | (7 | ) | 10 | ||||||||
Total net income from continuing operations | $ | 9,152 | $ | 5,952 | $ | 6,513 | 54 | % | (9 | )% | ||||
Securities and Banking revenue details | ||||||||||||||
Total investment banking | $ | 4,763 | $ | 3,245 | $ | 5,570 | 47 | % | (42 | )% | ||||
Lending | (2,153 | ) | 4,220 | 1,814 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Equity markets | 3,182 | 2,878 | 5,202 | 11 | (45 | ) | ||||||||
Fixed income markets | 21,540 | 14,395 | 11,507 | 50 | 25 | |||||||||
Private bank | 2,054 | 2,309 | 2,473 | (11 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
Other Securities and Banking | (1,740 | ) | (2,112 | ) | (1,210 | ) | 18 | (75 | ) | |||||
Total Securities and Banking revenues | $ | 27,646 | $ | 24,935 | $ | 25,356 | 11 | % | (2 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
27
2009 vs.
2008
Revenues, net of interest expense increased 11% or $2.7 billion, as markets began to recover in the early part of
2009, bringing back higher levels of volume activity and higher levels of
liquidity, which began to decline again in the third quarter of 2009. The growth
in revenue in the early part of the year was mainly due to a $7.1 billion
increase in fixed income markets, reflecting strong trading opportunities across
all asset classes in the first half of 2009, and a $1.5 billion increase in
investment banking revenue primarily from increases in debt and equity
underwriting activities reflecting higher transaction volumes from depressed
2008 levels. These increases were offset by a $6.4 billion decrease in lending
revenue primarily from losses on credit default swap hedges. Excluding the 2009
and 2008 CVA impact, as indicated in the table below, revenues increased 23% or
$5.5 billion.
Operating expenses decreased 17%, or $2.7 billion. Excluding the 2008 repositioning and
restructuring charges and the 2009 litigation reserve release, operating
expenses declined 11% or $1.6 billion, mainly as a result of headcount
reductions and benefits from expense
management.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims decreased 7% or $129 million, to $1.7 billion, mainly due to lower credit
reserve builds and net credit losses, due to an improved credit environment,
particularly in the latter part of the year.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense decreased 2% or $0.4 billion reflecting the overall difficult market conditions.
Excluding the 2008 and 2007 CVA impact, revenues decreased 3% or $0.6 billion.
The reduction in revenue was primarily due to a decrease in investment banking
revenue of $2.3 billion to $3.2 billion, mainly in debt and equity underwriting,
reflecting lower volumes, and a decrease in equity markets revenue of $2.3
billion to $2.9 billion due to extremely high volatility and reduced levels of
activity. These reductions were offset by an increase in fixed income markets of
$2.9 billion to $14.4 billion due to strong performance in interest rates and
currencies, and an increase in lending revenue of $2.4 billion to $4.2 billion
mainly from gains on credit default swap
hedges.
Operating expenses decreased by 2% or $0.4 billion. Excluding the 2008 and 2007 repositioning and
restructuring charges and the 2007 litigation reserve reversal, operating
expenses decreased by 7% or $1.1 billion driven by headcount reduction and lower
performance-based incentives.
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and
claims increased $1.3 billion to $1.8 billion mainly from higher credit
reserve builds and net credit losses offset by a lower provision for unfunded
lending commitments due to deterioration in the credit
environment.
Certain
Revenues Impacting Securities and Banking
Items
that impacted S&B revenues during
2009 and 2008 are set forth in the table below.
Pretax revenue | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Private equity and equity investments | $ | 201 | $ | (377 | ) | |||
Alt-A mortgages (1) (2) | 321 | (737 | ) | |||||
Commercial real estate (CRE) positions (1) (3) | 68 | 270 | ||||||
CVA on Citi debt liabilities under fair value option | (3,974 | ) | 4,325 | |||||
CVA on derivatives positions, excluding monoline insurers | 2,204 | (3,292 | ) | |||||
Total significant revenue items | $ | (1,180 | ) | $ | 189 |
(1) | Net of hedges. | |
(2) | For these purposes, Alt-A mortgage securities are non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) for instances where FICO scores are greater than 720, RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans. See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-U.S. Consumer Mortgage Lending." | |
(3) | S&B 's commercial real estate exposure is split into three categories of assets: held at fair value; held-to-maturity/held-for-investment; and equity. See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-Exposure to Commercial Real Estate" section for a further discussion. |
In the table above, 2009 includes a $330 million pretax adjustment to the CVA balance, which reduced pretax revenues for the year, reflecting a correction of an error related to prior periods. See "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates " below and Notes 1 and 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of this adjustment.
2010
Outlook
The 2010 outlook for S&B will depend on the
level of client activity and on macroeconomic conditions, market valuations and
volatility, interest rates and other market factors. Management of S&B currently expects to maintain client activity throughout 2010 and to operate in
market conditions that offer moderate volatility and increased
liquidity.
Operating expenses will benefit from continued re-engineering and expense
management initiatives, but will be offset by investments in talent and
infrastructure to support growth.
28
TRANSACTION SERVICES
Transaction Services is composed of Treasury and Trade Solutions (TTS) and Securities and Fund Services (SFS). TTS provides comprehensive cash management and trade finance for corporations, financial institutions and public sector entities worldwide. SFS provides custody and funds services to investors such as insurance companies and mutual funds, clearing services to intermediaries such as broker-dealers, and depository and agency/trust services to multinational corporations and governments globally. Revenue is generated from net interest revenue on deposits in TTS and SFS, as well as trade loans and from fees for transaction processing and fees on assets under custody in SFS.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 5,651 | $ | 5,485 | $ | 4,254 | 3 | % | 29 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 4,138 | 4,461 | 3,844 | (7 | ) | 16 | ||||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 9,789 | $ | 9,946 | $ | 8,098 | (2 | )% | 23 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | 4,515 | 5,156 | 4,634 | (12 | ) | 11 | ||||||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | 7 | 35 | (30 | ) | (80 | ) | NM | |||||||
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests | $ | 5,267 | $ | 4,755 | $ | 3,494 | 11 | % | 36 | % | ||||
Income taxes | 1,531 | 1,402 | 1,038 | 9 | 35 | |||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 3,736 | 3,353 | 2,456 | 11 | 37 | |||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 13 | 31 | 20 | (58 | ) | 55 | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 3,723 | $ | 3,322 | $ | 2,436 | 12 | % | 36 | % | ||||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 60 | $ | 71 | $ | 69 | (15 | )% | 3 | % | ||||
Return on assets | 6.21 | % | 4.68 | % | 3.53 | % | ||||||||
Revenues by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 2,526 | $ | 2,161 | $ | 1,646 | 17 | % | 31 | % | ||||
EMEA | 3,389 | 3,677 | 2,999 | (8 | ) | 23 | ||||||||
Latin America | 1,373 | 1,439 | 1,199 | (5 | ) | 20 | ||||||||
Asia | 2,501 | 2,669 | 2,254 | (6 | ) | 18 | ||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 9,789 | $ | 9,946 | $ | 8,098 | (2 | )% | 23 | % | ||||
Income from continuing operations by region | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 615 | $ | 323 | $ | 209 | 90 | % | 55 | % | ||||
EMEA | 1,287 | 1,246 | 816 | 3 | 53 | |||||||||
Latin America | 604 | 588 | 463 | 3 | 27 | |||||||||
Asia | 1,230 | 1,196 | 968 | 3 | 24 | |||||||||
Total net income from continuing operations | $ | 3,736 | $ | 3,353 | $ | 2,456 | 11 | % | 37 | % | ||||
Key indicators (in billions of dollars) | ||||||||||||||
Average deposits and other customer liability balances | $ | 303 | $ | 280 | $ | 246 | 8 | % | 14 | % | ||||
EOP assets under custody (in trillions of dollars) | 12.1 | 11.0 | 13.1 | 10 | (16 | ) |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs. 2008
Revenues,
net of interest expense declined 2% compared to 2008 as strong growth in balances was more than offset
by lower spreads driven by low interest rates globally.
Average deposits and other customer liability balances grew 8%, driven by strong growth in all regions.
Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues grew 7% as a result of strong growth in balances and higher
trade revenues.
Securities and Funds Services revenues declined 18%, attributable to reductions in asset valuations and
volumes.
Operating expenses declined 12%, mainly as a result of headcount reductions and successful
execution of reengineering initiatives.
Cost of credit declined 80%, which was primarily attributable to overall portfolio
management.
Net income increased 12%, leading to a record net income, with growth across all regions
reflecting benefits of continued re-engineering and expense management
efforts.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense grew 23% driven by new business and implementations, growth in customer
liability balances, increased transaction volumes and the impact of
acquisitions.
Average deposits and other customer liability balances grew 14% driven by success of new business growth and
implementations.
Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues grew 26% as a result of strong liability and fee growth as well
as increased client penetration.
Securities and Funds Services revenues grew 17% as a result of increased assets under custody, volumes
and liability balances.
2010
Outlook
Transaction Services business performance will continue to be impacted in 2010 by levels of interest
rates, economic activity, volatility in global capital markets, foreign exchange
and market valuations globally. Levels of client activity and client cash and
security flows are key factors dependent on macroeconomic conditions. Transaction Services intends to continue to
invest in technology to support its global network, as well as investments to
build out its investor services suite of products aimed at large,
under-penetrated markets for middle and back office outsourcing among a range of
investors. These and similar investments could lead to increasing operating
expenses.
29
CITI HOLDINGS
Citi Holdings contains businesses and portfolios of assets that Citigroup
has determined are not central to its core Citicorp business. These noncore
businesses tend to be more asset-intensive and reliant on wholesale funding and
also may be product-driven rather than client-driven. Citi intends to exit these
businesses as quickly as practicable yet in an economically rational
manner through business divestitures, portfolio run-off and asset sales. Citi
has made substantial progress divesting and exiting businesses from Citi
Holdings, having completed 15 divestitures in 2009, including Smith Barney,
Nikko Cordial Securities, Nikko Asset Management Financial Institution Credit
Card business (FI) and Diners Club North America. Citi Holdings'
assets have been reduced by nearly 40%, or $351 billion, from the peak level of
$898 billion in the first quarter of 2008 to $547 billion at year-end 2009. Citi
Holdings' assets represented less than 30% of Citi's assets as of December 31,
2009. Asset reductions from Citi Holdings have the combined benefits of further
fortifying Citigroup's capital base, lowering risk, simplifying the organization
and allowing Citi to allocate capital to fund long-term strategic
businesses.
Citi Holdings consists
of the following businesses: Brokerage and Asset Management; Local Consumer Lending; and Special Asset
Pool.
With Citi's exit from the loss-sharing agreement with the U.S. government
in December 2009, the Company conducted a broad review of the Citi Holdings
asset base to determine which assets are strategically important to Citicorp. As
a result of this analysis, approximately $61 billion of assets will be moved
from Citi Holdings into Citicorp in the first quarter of 2010. The assets
consist primarily of approximately $34 billion of U.S. mortgages that will be
transferred to NA RCB , approximately $19 billion of commercial and corporate loans and
securities related to core Citicorp clients, of which approximately $17 billion
will be moved to S&B and the remainder to NA RCB , and approximately $5.0 billion of assets related to Citi's Mexico
asset management business that will be moved to LATAM RCB .
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 17,314 | $ | 22,459 | $ | 21,797 | (23 | )% | 3 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 13,321 | (29,157 | ) | (2,284 | ) | NM | NM | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 30,635 | $ | (6,698 | ) | $ | 19,513 | NM | NM | |||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | ||||||||||||||
Net credit losses | $ | 24,660 | $ | 14,070 | $ | 7,230 | 75 | % | 95 | % | ||||
Credit reserve build | 5,457 | 11,444 | 5,836 | (52 | ) | 96 | ||||||||
Provision for loan losses | $ | 30,117 | $ | 25,514 | $ | 13,066 | 18 | % | 95 | % | ||||
Provision for benefits and claims | 1,210 | 1,396 | 919 | (13 | ) | 52 | ||||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 109 | (172 | ) | 71 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 31,436 | $ | 26,738 | $ | 14,056 | 18 | % | 90 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 14,677 | $ | 25,197 | $ | 20,487 | (42 | )% | 23 | % | ||||
(Loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | (15,478 | ) | $ | (58,633 | ) | $ | (15,030 | ) | 74 | % | NM | ||
Benefits for income taxes | (7,239 | ) | (22,621 | ) | (6,338 | ) | 68 | NM | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (8,239 | ) | $ | (36,012 | ) | $ | (8,692 | ) | 77 | % | NM | ||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 27 | (372 | ) | 218 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Citi Holdings net (loss) | $ | (8,266 | ) | $ | (35,640 | ) | $ | (8,910 | ) | 77 | % | NM | ||
Balance sheet data (in billions of dollars) | ||||||||||||||
Total EOP assets | $ | 547 | $ | 715 | $ | 888 | (23 | )% | (19 | )% | ||||
Total EOP deposits | $ | 92 | $ | 83 | $ | 79 | 11 | % | 5 | % |
NM Not meaningful
30
BROKERAGE AND ASSET MANAGEMENT
Brokerage and Asset Management (BAM) , which constituted approximately 6% of Citi Holdings by assets as of December 31, 2009, consists of Citi's global retail brokerage and asset management businesses. This segment was substantially affected and reduced in size in 2009 due to the divestitures of Smith Barney (to the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint venture (MSSB JV)) and Nikko Cordial Securities. At December 31, 2009, BAM had approximately $35 billion of assets, which included $26 billion of assets from the 49% interest in the MSSB JV ($13 billion investment and $13 billion in loans associated with the clients of the MSSB JV) and $9 billion of assets from a diverse set of asset management and insurance businesses of which approximately half will be transferred into the LATAM RCB during the first quarter of 2010, as discussed under "Citi Holdings" above. Morgan Stanley has options to purchase Citi's remaining stake in the MSSB JV over three years starting in 2012. The 2009 results include an $11.1 billion gain ($6.7 billion after-tax) on the sale of Smith Barney.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 432 | $ | 1,224 | $ | 908 | (65 | )% | 35 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 14,703 | 7,199 | 9,751 | NM | (26 | ) | ||||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 15,135 | $ | 8,423 | $ | 10,659 | 80 | % | (21 | )% | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 3,350 | $ | 9,236 | $ | 7,960 | (64 | )% | 16 | % | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 3 | $ | 10 | $ | - | (70 | )% | - | |||||
Credit reserve build/(release) | 36 | 8 | 4 | NM | 100 | % | ||||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | (5 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Provision for benefits and claims | $ | 155 | $ | 205 | $ | 154 | (24 | )% | 33 | % | ||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 189 | $ | 223 | $ | 158 | (15 | )% | 41 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | 11,596 | $ | (1,036 | ) | $ | 2,541 | NM | NM | |||||
Income taxes (benefits) | 4,489 | (272 | ) | 834 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 7,107 | $ | (764 | ) | $ | 1,707 | NM | NM | |||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 12 | (179 | ) | 35 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 7,095 | $ | (585 | ) | $ | 1,672 | NM | NM | |||||
EOP assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 35 | $ | 58 | $ | 56 | (40 | )% | 4 | % | ||||
EOP deposits (in billions of dollars) | 60 | 58 | 46 | 3 | 26 |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs. 2008
Revenues,
net of interest expense increased 80% versus the prior year mainly driven by the $11.1 billion pretax
gain on the sale ($6.7 billion after-tax) on the MSSB JV transaction in the
second quarter of 2009 and a $320 million pretax gain on the sale of the managed
futures business to the MSSB JV in the third quarter of 2009. Excluding these
gains, revenue decreased primarily due to the absence of Smith Barney from May
2009 onwards and the absence of fourth-quarter revenue of Nikko Asset
Management, partially offset by an improvement in marks in Retail Alternative
Investments. Revenues in the prior year include a $347 million pretax gain on sale of CitiStreet and
charges related to the settlement of auction rate securities of $393 million
pretax.
Operating expenses decreased 64% from the prior year, mainly driven by the absence of Smith Barney
and Nikko Asset Management expenses, re-engineering efforts and the absence of
2008 one-time expenses ($0.9 billion intangible impairment, $0.2 billion of
restructuring and $0.5 billion of write-downs and other
charges).
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims decreased 15% mainly reflecting a $50 million decrease in provision for benefits
and claims, partially offset by increased reserve builds of $28
million.
Assets decreased 40% versus the prior year, mostly driven by the sales of Nikko Cordial Securities and Nikko Asset Management ($25 billion) and the managed futures business ($1.4 billion), partially offset by increased Smith Barney assets of $4 billion.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest
expense decreased 21% from the prior year primarily due to lower transactional and
investment revenues in Smith Barney, lower revenues in Nikko Asset Management
and higher markdowns in Retail Alternative
Investments.
Operating expenses increased 16% versus the prior year, mainly driven by a $0.9 billion intangible
impairment in Nikko Asset Management in the fourth quarter of 2008, $0.2 billion
of restructuring charges and $0.5 billion of write-downs and other
charges.
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased $65 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to a $52 million
increase in provisions for benefits and claims.
Assets increased 4% versus the prior year.
31
LOCAL CONSUMER LENDING
Local Consumer Lending (LCL) , which constituted approximately 65% of Citi Holdings by assets as of December 31, 2009, includes a portion of Citigroup's North American mortgage business, retail partner cards, Western European cards and retail banking, CitiFinancial North America, Primerica, Student Loan Corporation and other local consumer finance businesses globally. At December 31, 2009, LCL had $358 billion of assets ($317 billion in North America ). About one-half of the assets in LCL as of December 31, 2009 consisted of U.S. mortgages in the company's CitiMortgage and CitiFinancial operations. The North American assets consist of residential mortgage loans, retail partner card loans, student loans, personal loans, auto loans, commercial real estate, and other consumer loans and assets.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 13,709 | $ | 17,903 | $ | 18,166 | (23 | )% | (1 | )% | ||||
Non-interest revenue | 5,473 | 6,550 | 8,584 | (16 | ) | (24 | ) | |||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 19,182 | $ | 24,453 | $ | 26,750 | (22 | )% | (9 | )% | ||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 10,431 | $ | 14,973 | $ | 11,457 | (30 | )% | 31 | % | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 19,237 | $ | 13,151 | $ | 6,794 | 46 | % | 94 | % | ||||
Credit reserve build/(release) | 5,904 | 8,592 | 5,454 | (31 | ) | 58 | ||||||||
Provision for benefits and claims | 1,055 | 1,191 | 765 | (11 | ) | 56 | ||||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 3 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 26,199 | $ | 22,934 | $ | 13,013 | 14 | % | 76 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | (17,448 | ) | $ | (13,454 | ) | $ | 2,280 | (30 | )% | NM | |||
Income taxes (benefits) | (7,405 | ) | (5,200 | ) | 568 | (42 | ) | NM | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (10,043 | ) | $ | (8,254 | ) | $ | 1,712 | (22 | )% | NM | |||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 32 | 12 | 34 | NM | (65 | )% | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (10,075 | ) | $ | (8,266 | ) | $ | 1,678 | (22 | )% | NM | |||
Average assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 390 | $ | 461 | $ | 496 | (15 | ) | (7 | )% | ||||
Net credit losses as a percentage of average loans | 5.91 | % | 3.56 | % | 1.90 | % |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs. 2008
Revenues,
net of interest expense decreased 22% versus the prior year, mostly due to lower net interest revenue. Net interest revenue was 23% lower than the prior year, primarily due to lower balances, de-risking
of the portfolio, and spread compression. Net interest revenue as a percentage of average loans decreased 63 basis points from the prior year,
primarily due to the impact of higher delinquencies, interest write-offs, loan
modification programs, higher FDIC charges and CARD Act implementation (in the
latter part of 2009), partially offset by retail partner cards pricing
actions. LCL results will continue to be
impacted by the CARD Act. Citi currently estimates that the net impact on LCL revenues for 2010 could be a reduction of
approximately $50 to $150 million. See also " North America Regional Consumer Banking "
and "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk" for additional information on the
impact of the CARD Act to Citi's credit card businesses . Average loans decreased 12%, with North America down 11% and international down 19%. Non-interest revenue decreased $1.1 billion mostly driven by the impact of higher credit losses
flowing through the securitization
trusts.
Operating expenses declined 30% from the prior year, due to lower volumes and reductions from
expense re-engineering actions, and the impact of goodwill write-offs of $3.0
billion in the fourth quarter of 2008, partially offset by higher other real
estate owned and collection costs.
Assets decreased $58 billion versus the prior year, primarily driven by lower originations, wind-down of specific businesses, asset sales, divestitures, write-offs and higher loan loss reserve balances. Key divestitures in 2009 included the FI credit card business, Italy consumer finance, Diners Europe, Portugal cards, Norway consumer, and Diners Club North America.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense decreased 9% versus the prior year, mostly due to lower Non-interest revenue . Net interest revenue declined 1% versus the prior year. Average loans increased 3%; however, revenues
declined, driven by lower balances, de-risking of the portfolio, and spread
compression. Non-interest revenue decreased $2 billion, primarily due to the impact of securitization in retail
partners cards and the mark-to-market on the mortgage servicing rights asset and
related hedge in real estate
lending.
Operating expenses increased 31%, driven by the impact of goodwill write-offs of $3.0 billion in
the fourth quarter of 2008 and restructuring costs. Excluding one-time expenses,
expenses were slightly higher due to increased volumes.
32
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims increased 76% versus the prior year reflecting increased net credit losses of
$6.4 billion and higher reserve builds of $3.1 billion. Higher net credit losses
were primarily driven by $3.9 billion in real estate lending and $0.8 billion in
retail partner cards.
Assets decreased $65 billion versus the prior year, primarily driven by Real Estate
Lending and higher loan loss reserve balances in 2008.
Managed
Presentations
The following is a reconciliation of Managed-basis net credit losses in LCL . For a discussion of Managed-basis presentations, see North America Regional Consumer Banking.
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Managed credit losses as a percentage of | |||||||
average managed loans | 6.60 | % | 4.00 | % | 2.25 | % | |
Impact from credit card securitizations | 0.69 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.35 | % | |
Net credit losses as a percentage of | |||||||
average loans | 5.91 | % | 3.56 | % | 1.90 | % |
Certain
Details on LCL Loans
The following table provides additional information, as of December 31,
2009, regarding LCL loan details. For additional information on loans within LCL , see "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-Consumer Loan Details"
below.
Composition of loans within Local Consumer Lending as of December 31, 2009 | |||||||
Fourth quarter 2009 | 90+ days | ||||||
In billions of dollars | Total loans | net credit loss ratio | past due % | (1) | |||
North America | |||||||
First mortgages | $118.2 | 3.51 | % | 10.93 | % | ||
Second mortgages | 54.2 | 7.00 | 2.96 | ||||
Student | 26.3 | 0.42 | 3.33 | ||||
Cards (retail partners) | 18.9 | 14.43 | 4.50 | ||||
Personal and other | 18.3 | 10.83 | 3.04 | ||||
Auto | 13.8 | 7.80 | 1.96 | ||||
Commercial real estate | 10.6 | 3.49 | 3.35 | ||||
Total North America | $260.3 | 5.61 | % | 6.55 | % | ||
International | |||||||
EMEA | $ 23.0 | 6.95 | % | 4.86 | % | ||
Asia | 9.8 | 12.65 | 2.25 | ||||
Latin America | 0.3 | 17.25 | 2.16 | ||||
Total international | $ 33.1 | 8.69 | % | 4.06 | % | ||
Total | $293.4 | 5.97 | % | 6.26 | % |
(1) Loans 90+ days past due exclude U.S. mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies, since the potential loss predominantly resides with the U.S. agencies.
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding.
33
Japan
Consumer Finance
Citigroup continues to actively monitor a number of matters involving its
Japan Consumer Finance business, including customer refund claims and defaults,
as well as financial and legislative, regulatory, judicial and other political
developments, relating to the charging of "gray zone" interest. Gray zone
interest represents interest at rates that are legal but for which claims may
not be enforceable. This business has incurred and will continue to face net
credit losses and refunds, due in part to the impact of Japanese consumer
lending laws passed in the fourth quarter of 2006 and judicial and regulatory
actions. In addition, legislation effective in 2010 will impose a lower interest
rate cap and lower lending cap on consumer lending in Japan, which may reduce
credit availability and increase potential claims and losses relating to gray
zone interest.
Citi determined in 2008 to exit its Japanese Consumer Finance business and has been liquidating its portfolio and otherwise winding down the business. Citi continues to monitor and evaluate both currently and previously outstanding accounts in its Japanese Consumer Finance business and its reserves related thereto. However, the trend in the type, number and amount of claims, and the potential full amount of losses and their impact on Citi requires evaluation in a potentially volatile environment, is subject to significant uncertainties and continues to be difficult to predict.
34
SPECIAL ASSET POOL
Special Asset Pool (SAP) , which constituted approximately 28% of Citi Holdings by assets as of December 31, 2009, is a portfolio of securities, loans and other assets that Citigroup intends to actively reduce over time through asset sales and portfolio run-off. At December 31, 2009, SAP had $154 billion of assets. SAP assets have declined by $197 billion or 56% from peak levels in 2007 reflecting cumulative write-downs, asset sales and portfolio run-off. Assets have been reduced by $87 billion from year-ago levels. Approximately 60% of SAP assets are now accounted for on an accrual basis, which has helped reduce income volatility.
% Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 3,173 | $ | 3,332 | $ | 2,723 | (5 | )% | 22 | % | ||||
Non-interest revenue | (6,855 | ) | (42,906 | ) | (20,619 | ) | 84 | NM | ||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense | $ | (3,682 | ) | $ | (39,574 | ) | $ | (17,896 | ) | 91 | % | NM | ||
Total operating expenses | $ | 896 | $ | 988 | $ | 1,070 | (9 | )% | (8 | )% | ||||
Net credit losses | $ | 5,420 | $ | 909 | $ | 436 | NM | NM | ||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 111 | (172 | ) | 71 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Credit reserve builds/(release) | (483 | ) | 2,844 | 378 | NM | NM | ||||||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 5,048 | $ | 3,581 | $ | 885 | 41 | % | NM | |||||
(Loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | (9,626 | ) | $ | (44,143 | ) | $ | (19,851 | ) | 78 | % | NM | ||
Income taxes (benefits) | (4,323 | ) | (17,149 | ) | (7,740 | ) | 75 | NM | ||||||
(Loss) from continuing operations | $ | (5,303 | ) | $ | (26,994 | ) | $ | (12,111 | ) | 80 | % | NM | ||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (17 | ) | (205 | ) | 149 | 92 | NM | |||||||
Net (loss) | $ | (5,286 | ) | $ | (26,789 | ) | $ | (12,260 | ) | 80 | % | NM | ||
EOP assets (in billions of dollars) | $ | 154 | $ | 241 | $ | 351 | (36 | )% | (31 | )% |
NM Not meaningful
2009 vs.
2008
Revenues, net of interest expense increased $35.9 billion in 2009, primarily
due to the absence of significant negative revenue marks occurring in the prior
year. Total negative marks were $1.9 billion in 2009 as compared to $38.1
billion in 2008, as described in more detail below. Revenue in the current
year included a positive $1.3 billion CVA on derivative positions, excluding
monoline insurers, and positive marks of $0.8 billion on subprime-related direct
exposures. These positive revenues were partially offset by negative revenues of
$1.5 billion on Alt-A mortgages, $1.3 billion of write-downs on commercial real
estate, and a negative $1.6 billion CVA on the monoline insurers and fair value
option liabilities. Revenue was also affected by negative marks on private
equity positions and write-downs on highly leveraged finance
commitments.
Operating expenses decreased 9% in 2009, mainly driven by lower compensation and lower volumes and
transaction expenses, partially offset by costs associated with the U.S.
government loss-sharing agreement, which Citi exited in the fourth quarter of
2009.
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and
claims increased $1.5
billion, primarily driven by $4.5 billion in increased net credit losses,
partially offset by a lower reserve build of $3.0
billion.
Assets declined 36%
versus the prior year, primarily driven by amortization and prepayments, sales,
marks and charge-offs. Asset sales during the fourth quarter of 2009 ($10
billion) were executed at or above Citi's marks generating $800 million in
pretax gains for the quarter.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense decreased $21.7 billion, primarily due to
negative net revenue marks. Revenue included $14.3 billion of write-downs on
subprime-related direct exposures and a negative $6.8 billion CVA related to the
monoline insurers and derivative positions. Revenue was also negatively affected
by write-downs on highly leveraged finance commitments, Alt-A mortgage revenue,
write-downs on structured investment vehicles and commercial real estate, and
mark-to-market on auction rate securities. Total negative marks were $38.1
billion in 2008 as compared to $20.2 billion in 2007, which are described in
more detail below.
Operating expenses decreased 8%, mainly driven by lower compensation and transaction
expenses.
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and
claims increased $2.7
billion, primarily due to a $2.2 billion increase in the reserve build and an
increase in net credit losses of $0.5
billion.
Assets declined 31%
versus the prior year, primarily driven by amortization and prepayments, sales,
and marks and charge-offs.
35
The following table provides details of the composition of SAP assets as of December 31, 2009.
Assets within Special Asset Pool as of December 31, 2009 | |||||||||
Carrying value | Carrying value as % of | ||||||||
In billions of dollars | of assets | Face value | face value | ||||||
Securities in AFS/HTM (1) | |||||||||
Corporates | $ | 10.3 | $ | 10.6 | 97 | % | |||
Prime and non-U.S. MBS | 15.4 | 19.2 | 80 | ||||||
Auction rate securities | 7.8 | 10.5 | 74 | ||||||
Alt-A mortgages | 8.7 | 16.9 | 51 | ||||||
Other securities (2) | 5.7 | 8.0 | 71 | ||||||
Total securities in AFS/HTM | $ | 47.9 | $ | 65.3 | 73 | % | |||
Loans, leases and letters of credit (LCs) in HFI/HFS (3) | |||||||||
Corporates | $ | 20.3 | $ | 22.2 | 91 | % | |||
Commercial real estate (CRE) | 13.5 | 14.4 | 94 | ||||||
Other | 3.4 | 4.1 | 83 | ||||||
Loan loss reserves | (4.1 | ) | NM | NM | |||||
Total loans, leases and LCs in HFI/HFS | $ | 33.1 | NM | NM | |||||
Mark-to-market | |||||||||
Subprime securities (4) | $ | 7.3 | $ | 18.9 | 39 | % | |||
Other securities (5) | 5.6 | 25.7 | 22 | ||||||
Derivatives | 6.2 | NM | NM | ||||||
Loans, leases and letters of credit | 5.1 | 8.4 | 61 | ||||||
Repurchase agreements | 6.5 | NM | NM | ||||||
Total mark to market | $ | 30.7 | NM | NM | |||||
Highly leveraged finance commitments | $ | 2.8 | $ | 4.8 | 58 | % | |||
Equities (excludes ARS in AFS) | 11.3 | NM | NM | ||||||
Structured investment vehicles | 16.0 | 20.5 | 78 | ||||||
Monolines | 1.0 | NM | NM | ||||||
Consumer and other (6) | 11.6 | NM | NM | ||||||
Total | $ | 154.4 |
(1) | Available-for-sale (AFS) accounts for approximately one-third of the total. HTM means held-to-maturity. | |
(2) | Includes commercial real estate ($2.1 billion), municipals ($1.1 billion) and asset-backed securities ($1.5 billion). | |
(3) | Held-for-sale (HFS) accounts for approximately $0.9 billion of the total. | |
(4) | This $7.3 billion of assets is reflected in the exposures set forth under "Managing Global Risk-U.S. Subprime-Related Direct Exposure in Citi Holdings-Special Asset Pool." | |
(5) | Includes $1.9 billion of corporate and $0.7 billion of commercial real estate. | |
(6) | Includes $4.6 billion of small business banking and finance loans. | |
Note: Totals
may not sum due to rounding. |
36
Items
Impacting SAP Revenues
The table below provides additional information regarding the net revenue
marks affecting the SAP during 2009 and
2008.
Pretax revenue | |||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Subprime-related direct exposures (1)(2) | $ | 810 | $ | (14,283 | ) | ||
Private equity and equity investments (3) | (1,148 | ) | (2,196 | ) | |||
Alt-A mortgages (1)(4) | (1,451 | ) | (3,075 | ) | |||
Highly leveraged loans and financing commitments (5) | (521 | ) | (4,892 | ) | |||
Commercial real estate positions (1)(6)(7) | (1,526 | ) | (2,898 | ) | |||
Structured investment vehicles' (SIVs) assets | (80 | ) | (3,269 | ) | |||
Auction rate securities proprietary positions (8) | (23 | ) | (1,732 | ) | |||
CVA related to exposure to monoline insurers | (1,301 | ) | (5,736 | ) | |||
CVA on Citi debt liabilities under fair value option | (252 | ) | 233 | ||||
CVA on derivatives positions, excluding monoline insurers | 1,283 | (1,059 | ) | ||||
Subtotal | $ | (4,209 | ) | $ | (38,907 | ) | |
Accretion on reclassified assets | 1,994 | 190 | |||||
Total selected revenue items | $ | (2,215 | ) | $ | (38,717 | ) |
(1) | Net of hedges. | |
(2) | See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-U.S. Subprime-Related Direct Exposure in Citi Holdings-Special Asset Pool" for a further discussion of the related risk exposures and the associated marks recorded. | |
(3) | 2009: $95 million recorded in BAM ; $1,053 million recorded in SAP . 2008: $418 million recorded in BAM ; $1,778 million recorded in SAP . | |
(4) | For these purposes, Alt-A mortgage securities are non-agency RMBS where (i) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (ii) for instances where FICO scores are greater than 720, RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans. See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-U.S. Consumer Mortgage Lending." | |
(5) | Net of underwriting fees. See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-Highly Leveraged Financing Transactions" for further discussion. | |
(6) | The aggregate $1,526 million recorded in 2009 is comprised of $1,121 million of losses, net of hedges, on exposures recorded at fair value, $562 million of losses on equity method investments, and $157 million of gains recorded on exposures classified as held-for-investment/held-to-maturity. Citi Holdings' commercial real estate exposure is split into three categories of assets: held at fair value; held-to-maturity/held-for-investment; and equity. See "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk-Exposure to Commercial Real Estate" for further discussion. | |
(7) | Excludes positions in SIVs. Commercial real estate write-downs above include $182 million in 2009 and $191 million in 2008 recorded in BAM . | |
(8) | Excludes write-downs of $6 million in 2009 ($16 million loss recorded in SAP ; $8 million gain recorded in BAM ) and $393 million in 2008 (all recorded in BAM ) arising from the ARS legal settlements. |
Credit
Valuation Adjustment (CVA) Related to Monoline
Insurers
CVA is
calculated by applying forward default probabilities, which are derived using
the counterparty's current credit spread, to the expected exposure profile. The
exposure primarily relates to hedges on super-senior subprime exposures that
were executed with various monoline insurance companies. See "Managing Global
Risk - Credit
Risk-Direct Exposure to Monolines" for further discussion.
Credit
Valuation Adjustment on Citi's Debt Liabilities for Which Citi Has Elected the
Fair Value
Option
Citi is required to use its own credit spreads
in determining the current value for its derivative liabilities and all other
liabilities for which it has elected the fair value option. When Citi's credit
spreads widen (deteriorate), Citi recognizes a gain on these liabilities because
the value of the liabilities has decreased. When Citi's credit spreads narrow
(improve), Citi recognizes a loss on these liabilities because the value of the
liabilities has increased. The approximately $252 million of losses recorded in SAP on its fair value option liabilities
(excluding derivative liabilities) during 2009 was principally due to the
maturing of debt on which Citi has elected the fair value option.
Credit
Valuation Adjustment on Derivative Positions, Excluding Monoline
Insurers
The
approximately $1,283 million net gain in derivative positions held in SAP during 2009 was due to the narrowing spreads
of Citi's counterparties on its derivative assets. See "Derivatives-Fair
Valuation Adjustments for Derivatives" for further discussion.
Accretion
on Reclassified Assets
In the fourth quarter of 2008, Citi Holdings reclassified $33.3 billion
of debt securities within SAP from
trading securities to HTM investments, $4.7 billion of debt securities from
trading securities to AFS, and $15.7 billion of loans from held-for-sale to
held-for-investment. All assets were reclassified with an amortized cost equal
to the fair value on the date of reclassification. The difference between the
amortized cost basis and the expected principal cash flows is treated as a
purchase discount and accreted into income over the remaining life of the
security or loan. All of these reclassified debt securities and loans are held
in SAP . During 2009, SAP recognized
approximately $1,994 million of interest revenue from this
accretion.
37
CORPORATE/OTHER
Corporate/Other includes global staff functions (includes finance, risk, human resources, legal and compliance) and other corporate expense, global operations and technology (O&T), residual Corporate Treasury and Corporate items. At December 31, 2009, this segment had approximately $230 billion of assets, consisting primarily of the Company's liquidity portfolio, including $110 billion of cash and cash equivalents.
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | (1,663 | ) | $ | (2,680 | ) | $ | (2,008 | ) | |
Non-interest revenue | (8,893 | ) | 422 | (302 | ) | |||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | (10,556 | ) | $ | (2,258 | ) | $ | (2,310 | ) | |
Total operating expenses | $ | 1,420 | $ | 510 | $ | 1,813 | ||||
Provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | (1 | ) | 1 | (3 | ) | |||||
(Loss) from continuing operations before taxes | $ | (11,975 | ) | $ | (2,769 | ) | $ | (4,120 | ) | |
Income taxes (benefits) | (4,369 | ) | (587 | ) | (1,446 | ) | ||||
(Loss) from continuing operations | $ | (7,606 | ) | $ | (2,182 | ) | $ | (2,674 | ) | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (445 | ) | 4,002 | 708 | ||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (8,051 | ) | $ | 1,820 | $ | (1,966 | ) | ||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | - | - | 2 | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,051 | ) | $ | 1,820 | $ | (1,968 | ) |
2009 vs.
2008
Revenues, net of interest expense declined, primarily due to the pretax loss on
debt extinguishment related to the repayment of the $20 billion of TARP trust
preferred securities and the pretax loss in connection with the exit from the
loss-sharing agreement with the U.S. government. Revenues also declined, due to
the absence of the 2008 sale of Citigroup Global Services Limited recorded in
O&T. This was partially offset by a pretax gain related to the exchange
offers, revenues and higher intersegment eliminations.
Operating
expenses increased,
primarily due to intersegment eliminations and increases in compensation,
partially offset by lower repositioning reserves.
2008 vs.
2007
Revenues, net of interest expense increased primarily due to the gain in 2007
on the sale of certain corporate-owned assets and higher intersegment
eliminations, partially offset by improved Treasury hedging
activities.
Operating expenses declined, primarily due to lower restructuring charges in 2008 as well as
reductions in incentive compensation and benefits expense.
38
BALANCE SHEET REVIEW
December 31, | Increase | % | ||||||||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | (decrease) | Change | ||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses | $ | 555 | $ | 665 | $ | (110 | ) | (17 | )% | |||
Trading account assets | 343 | 378 | (35 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | 222 | 184 | 38 | 21 | ||||||||
Investments | 306 | 256 | 50 | 20 | ||||||||
Other assets | 431 | 455 | (24 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,857 | $ | 1,938 | $ | (81 | ) | (4 | )% | |||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||
Deposits | $ | 836 | $ | 774 | $ | 62 | 8 | % | ||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | 154 | 205 | (51 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||||
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 433 | 486 | (53 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||
Trading account liabilities | 138 | 166 | (28 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
Other liabilities | 141 | 163 | (22 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 1,702 | $ | 1,794 | $ | (92 | ) | (5 | )% | |||
Stockholders' equity | $ | 155 | $ | 144 | $ | 11 | 8 | % | ||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,857 | $ | 1,938 | $ | (81 | ) | (4 | )% |
Loans
Loans are an extension of credit to
individuals, corporations, or government institutions. Loans vary across regions
and industries and primarily include credit cards, mortgages, other real estate
lending, personal loans, auto loans, student loans, and corporate loans. The
majority of loans are carried at cost with a minimal amount recorded at fair
value.
Consumer and corporate loans
comprised 72% and 28%, respectively, of Citi's total loans (net of unearned
income and before the allowance for loan losses) as of December 31,
2009.
During 2009, consumer loans (net of
allowance for loan losses) decreased by $64 billion, or 14%, primarily due to
a:
These decreases were driven by
tightened lending standards and credit activity during the year.
During 2009, corporate loans
decreased $46 billion, or 22%, primarily driven by a decrease of $21 billion, or
20%, in commercial and industrial loans.
During 2009, average consumer loans
(net of unearned income) of $456 billion yielded an average rate of 7.8%,
compared to $513 billion and 8.9% in the prior year. Average corporate loans of
$190 billion yielded an average rate of 6.3% in 2009, compared to $221 billion
and 7.7% in the prior year.
For further
information, see "Loans Outstanding" under "Managing Global Risk-Credit Risk"
and Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Trading
Account Assets (Liabilities)
Trading account assets include debt and marketable equity securities, derivatives in a
receivable position, residual interests in securitizations, and physical
commodities inventory. In addition, certain assets that Citigroup has elected to
carry at fair value, such as certain loans and purchase guarantees, are also
included in Trading account assets . Trading account liabilities include securities sold, not yet purchased (short positions) and
derivatives in a net payable position as well as certain liabilities that
Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value.
All Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities are reported at their fair value, except for
physical commodities inventory which is carried at the lower of cost or market,
with unrealized gains and losses recognized in current income.
During 2009, Trading account assets decreased by $35 billion, or 9%, due to a:
39
Total average Trading account assets were $267 billion in 2009, compared to $373 billion in 2008, yielding
average rates of 4.0% and 4.7%,
respectively.
During 2009, Trading account liabilities decreased by $28 billion, or 17%, due to a:
In 2009, average Trading account liabilities were $60 billion, yielding an average rate of 0.5%, compared to $75
billion and 1.7% in the prior
year.
For further discussion regarding Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Federal
Funds Sold (Purchased) and Securities Borrowed (Loaned) or Purchased (Sold) Under
Agreements to Resell (Repurchase)
Federal funds sold and federal funds purchased
consist of unsecured advances of excess balances in reserve accounts held at
Federal Reserve banks. When Citigroup advances federal funds to a third party,
it is selling its excess reserves. Similarly, when Citigroup receives federal
funds, it is purchasing reserves from a third party. These interest-bearing
transactions typically have an original maturity of one business
day.
Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of
cash advanced or received, with a minimal amount adjusted for fair value. With
respect to securities borrowed, Citi pays cash collateral in an amount in excess
of the market value of securities borrowed, and receives excess in the case of
securities loaned. Citigroup monitors the market value of securities borrowed
and loaned on a daily basis with additional collateral advanced or obtained as
necessary. Interest received or paid for these transactions is recorded in
interest income or interest
expense.
Securities purchased under agreements to
resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as
collateralized financing transactions and are primarily carried at fair value
since January 1, 2007. Citigroup's policy is to take possession of securities
purchased under agreements to resell. The market value of securities to be
repurchased and resold is monitored, and additional collateral is obtained where
appropriate to protect against credit
exposure.
During 2009, the increase of $38 billion, or
21%, in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements
to resell, and the decrease of $51 billion, or 25%, in federal funds purchased
and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase were primarily
driven by Citi's liquidity management objective of increasing cash and liquid
securities positions.
For further information regarding these
balance sheet categories, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Investments
Investments consist
of debt and equity securities that are available-for-sale, debt securities that
are held-to-maturity, non-marketable equity securities that are carried at fair
value, and non-marketable equity securities carried at cost. Debt securities
include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stock, as well as loan-backed
securities (such as mortgage-backed securities) and other structured notes.
Marketable and non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value include
common and nonredeemable preferred stock. These instruments provide Citi with
long-term investment opportunities while in most cases remaining relatively
liquid.
Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost primarily include equity
shares issued by the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank that
Citigroup is required to hold.
Investment securities classified as
available-for-sale are primarily carried at fair value with the changes in fair
value generally recognized in stockholders' equity (accumulated other
comprehensive income). Declines in fair value that are deemed
other-than-temporary, as well as gains and losses from the sale of these
investment securities, are recognized in current earnings. Certain investments
in non-marketable equity securities and certain investments that would otherwise
be accounted for using the equity method are carried at fair value. Changes in
fair value of such investments are recorded in earnings. Debt securities
classified as held-to-maturity are carried at cost unless a decline in fair
value below cost is deemed other-than-temporary, in which case such a decline is
recorded in current earnings.
During 2009, investments increased by $50
billion, or 20%, principally due to a:
For further information regarding investments, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other
Assets
Other assets are
composed of cash and due from banks, deposits with banks, brokerage receivables,
goodwill, intangibles, and various other assets.
During 2009, Other assets decreased $24 billion, or 5%, due to a:
For further information regarding Goodwill and Intangible assets , see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further discussion on Brokerage receivables , see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
40
Deposits
Deposits represent customer funds that are
payable on demand or upon maturity. The majority of deposits are carried at
cost, with a minimal amount recorded at fair value. Deposits can be
interest-bearing or non-interest-bearing. Interest-bearing deposits payable by
foreign and U.S. domestic banking subsidiaries of Citigroup comprise 58% and 28%
of total deposits, respectively, while non-interest-bearing deposits comprise 5%
and 9% of total deposits,
respectively.
During 2009, total deposits increased by $62
billion, or 8%. Total average
deposits increased $10 billion or 1% during 2009.
For more information on deposits, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity-Liquidity."
Debt
Debt is composed of both short-term and
long-term borrowings. It includes commercial paper, borrowings from unaffiliated
banks, senior notes (including collateralized advances from the Federal Home
Loan Bank), subordinated notes and trust preferred securities. The majority of
debt is carried at cost, with approximately $27 billion recorded at fair
value.
During 2009, total debt decreased by $53 billion, or 11%, with Short-term borrowings decreasing by $58 billion, or 46%. Long-term debt increased by only $5 billion, or
1%.
The decrease in Short-term borrowings was due to a decline of $39 billion in other funds borrowed and $19
billion in commercial paper primarily caused by decreased need for short-term
funding due to excess liquidity caused by increased deposits and a reduction in
assets.
Average commercial paper outstanding in 2009 was $25 billion with an
average rate of 1.0%, compared to $32 billion and 3.1% in 2008. Average other
funds borrowed in 2009 were $77 billion, with an average rate of 1.5%, compared
to $83 billion and 1.7% in the prior
year.
Average long-term debt outstanding during 2009 was $345 billion, compared
to $348 billion in 2008, with an average rate of 3.6% and 4.6%,
respectively.
For more information on debt, see Note 20 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements and "Capital Resources and
Liquidity-Liquidity."
41
SEGMENT BALANCE SHEET AT DECEMBER 31, 2009
Corporate/Other, | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued | |||||||||||||||||||
Regional | Institutional | Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Consumer | Clients | Subtotal | and Consolidating | Total Citigroup | |||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Banking | Group | Citicorp | Citi Holdings | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks | $ | 8,005 | $ | 15,182 | $ | 23,187 | $ | 1,146 | $ | 1,139 | $ | 25,472 | |||||||
Deposits with banks | 8,903 | 44,772 | 53,675 | 4,202 | 109,537 | 167,414 | |||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under | |||||||||||||||||||
agreements to resell | 264 | 214,606 | 214,870 | 7,152 | - | 222,022 | |||||||||||||
Brokerage receivables | 179 | 22,693 | 22,872 | 10,762 | - | 33,634 | |||||||||||||
Trading account assets | 13,818 | 293,046 | 306,864 | 42,855 | (6,946 | ) | 342,773 | ||||||||||||
Investments | 34,466 | 107,115 | 141,581 | 86,049 | 78,489 | 306,119 | |||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income | |||||||||||||||||||
Consumer | 123,663 | - | 123,663 | 299,887 | 507 | 424,057 | |||||||||||||
Corporate | - | 125,164 | 125,164 | 42,242 | 41 | 167,447 | |||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 123,663 | $ | 125,164 | $ | 248,827 | $ | 342,129 | $ | 548 | $ | 591,504 | |||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (6,476 | ) | (3,590 | ) | (10,066 | ) | (25,967 | ) | - | (36,033 | ) | ||||||||
Total loans, net | $ | 117,187 | $ | 121,574 | $ | 238,761 | $ | 316,162 | $ | 548 | $ | 555,471 | |||||||
Goodwill | 9,593 | 10,357 | 19,950 | 5,442 | - | 25,392 | |||||||||||||
Intangible assets (other than MSRs) | 2,424 | 1,082 | 3,506 | 5,206 | 2 | 8,714 | |||||||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) | - | 70 | 70 | 6,460 | - | 6,530 | |||||||||||||
Other assets | 17,929 | 35,308 | 53,237 | 61,676 | 48,192 | 163,105 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 212,768 | $ | 865,805 | $ | 1,078,573 | $ | 547,112 | $ | 230,961 | $ | 1,856,646 | |||||||
Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||||||||||
Total deposits | $ | 289,719 | $ | 441,720 | $ | 731,439 | $ | 91,542 | $ | 12,922 | $ | 835,903 | |||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under | |||||||||||||||||||
agreements to repurchase | 2,347 | 151,530 | 153,877 | 37 | 367 | 154,281 | |||||||||||||
Brokerage payables | 187 | 60,653 | 60,840 | 1 | 5 | 60,846 | |||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | 26 | 132,377 | 132,403 | 5,109 | - | 137,512 | |||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 227 | 30,085 | 30,312 | 4,526 | 34,041 | 68,879 | |||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 1,320 | 85,768 | 87,088 | 30,431 | 246,500 | 364,019 | |||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 62,428 | 143,678 | 206,106 | 75,322 | (201,195 | ) | 80,233 | ||||||||||||
Net inter-segment funding (lending) | (143,486 | ) | (180,006 | ) | (323,492 | ) | 340,144 | (16,652 | ) | - | |||||||||
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity | - | - | - | - | $ | 152,700 | $ | 152,700 | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | 2,273 | 2,273 | |||||||||||||
Total equity | - | - | - | - | 154,973 | 154,973 | |||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 212,768 | $ | 865,805 | $ | 1,078,573 | $ | 547,112 | $ | 230,961 | $ | 1,856,646 |
The above supplemental information reflects Citigroup's consolidated GAAP balance sheet by reporting segment as of December 31, 2009. The respective segment information closely depicts the assets and liabilities managed by each segment as of such date. While this presentation is not defined by GAAP, Citi believes that these non-GAAP financial measures enhance investors' understanding of the balance sheet components managed by the underlying business segments, as well as the beneficial interrelationship of the asset and liability dynamics of the balance sheet components among Citi's business segments.
42
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Capital has historically been generated by
earnings from Citi's operating businesses. Citi may also augment its capital
through issuances of common stock, convertible preferred stock, preferred stock,
equity issued through awards under employee benefit plans, and, in the case of
regulatory capital, through the issuance of subordinated debt underlying trust
preferred securities. In addition, the impact of future events on Citi's
business results, such as corporate and asset dispositions, as well as changes
in accounting standards, also affect Citi's capital
levels.
Generally, capital is used primarily to support assets in Citi's
businesses and to absorb market, credit, or operational losses. While capital
may be used for other purposes, such as to pay dividends or repurchase common
stock, Citi's ability to utilize its capital for these purposes is currently
restricted due to its agreements with the U.S. government, generally for so long
as the U.S. government continues to hold Citi's common stock or trust preferred
securities. See also "Supervision and Regulation"
below.
Citigroup's capital management framework is designed to ensure that
Citigroup and its principal subsidiaries maintain sufficient capital consistent
with Citi's risk profile and all applicable regulatory standards and guidelines,
as well as external rating agency considerations. The capital management process
is centrally overseen by senior management and is reviewed at the consolidated,
legal entity, and country level.
Senior management is responsible for the
capital management process mainly through Citigroup's Finance and Asset and
Liability Committee (FinALCO), with oversight from the Risk Management and
Finance Committee of Citigroup's Board of Directors. The FinALCO is composed of
the senior-most management of Citigroup for the purpose of engaging management
in decision-making and related discussions on capital and liquidity matters.
Among other things, FinALCO's responsibilities include: determining the
financial structure of Citigroup and its principal subsidiaries; ensuring that
Citigroup and its regulated entities are adequately capitalized in consultation
with its regulators; determining appropriate asset levels and return hurdles for
Citigroup and individual businesses; reviewing the funding and capital markets
plan for Citigroup; and monitoring interest rate risk, corporate and bank
liquidity, and the impact of currency translation on non-U.S. earnings and
capital.
Capital
Ratios
Citigroup
is subject to the risk-based capital guidelines issued by the Federal Reserve
Board. Historically, capital adequacy has been measured, in part, based on two
risk-based capital ratios, the Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital
+ Tier 2 Capital) ratios. Tier 1 Capital consists of the sum of "core capital
elements," such as qualifying common stockholders' equity, as adjusted,
qualifying noncontrolling interests, and qualifying mandatorily redeemable
securities of subsidiary trusts, principally reduced by goodwill, other
disallowed intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets. Total Capital
also includes "supplementary" Tier 2 Capital elements, such as qualifying
subordinated debt and a limited portion of the allowance for credit losses. Both
measures of capital adequacy are stated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets.
Further, in conjunction with the conduct of the 2009 Supervisory Capital
Assessment Program (SCAP), U.S. banking regulators developed a new measure of
capital termed "Tier 1 Common," which has been defined as Tier 1 Capital less
non-common elements, including qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying
noncontrolling interests, and qualifying mandatorily redeemable securities of
subsidiary trusts.
Citigroup's risk-weighted assets are
principally derived from application of the risk-based capital guidelines
related to the measurement of credit risk. Pursuant to these guidelines,
on-balance-sheet assets and the credit equivalent amount of certain
off-balance-sheet exposures (such as financial guarantees, unfunded lending
commitments, letters of credit, and derivatives) are assigned to one of several
prescribed risk-weight categories based upon the perceived credit risk
associated with the obligor, or if relevant, the guarantor, the nature of the
collateral, or external credit ratings. Risk-weighted assets also incorporate a measure for market risk on
covered trading account positions and all foreign exchange and commodity
positions whether or not carried in the trading account. Excluded from
risk-weighted assets are any assets, such as goodwill and deferred tax assets,
to the extent required to be deducted from regulatory capital. See "Components
of Capital Under Regulatory Guidelines"
below.
Citigroup is also subject to a Leverage ratio requirement, a
non-risk-based measure of capital adequacy, which is defined as Tier 1 Capital
as a percentage of quarterly adjusted average total
assets.
To be "well capitalized" under federal bank
regulatory agency definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 Capital
ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, and a Leverage
ratio of at least 3%, and not be subject to a Federal Reserve Board directive to
maintain higher capital levels. The following table sets forth Citigroup's
regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2009 and December 31,
2008.
Citigroup Regulatory Capital Ratios
At year end | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Tier 1 Common | 9.60 | % | 2.30 | % | |
Tier 1 Capital | 11.67 | 11.92 | |||
Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital) | 15.25 | 15.70 | |||
Leverage | 6.89 | 6.08 |
As noted in the table above, Citigroup was "well capitalized" under the federal bank regulatory agency definitions at year end for both 2009 and 2008.
43
Components of Capital Under Regulatory Guidelines
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | ||||
Tier 1 Common | |||||||
Citigroup common stockholders' equity | $ | 152,388 | $ | 70,966 | |||
Less: Net unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale, net of tax (2) | (4,347 | ) | (9,647 | ) | |||
Less: Accumulated net losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax | (3,182 | ) | (5,189 | ) | |||
Less: Pension liability adjustment, net of tax (3) | (3,461 | ) | (2,615 | ) | |||
Less: Cumulative effect included in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to the change in own credit worthiness, net of tax (4) | 760 | 3,391 | |||||
Less: Disallowed deferred tax assets (5) | 26,044 | 23,520 | |||||
Less: Intangible assets: | |||||||
Goodwill | 25,392 | 27,132 | |||||
Other disallowed intangible assets | 5,899 | 10,607 | |||||
Other | (788 | ) | (840 | ) | |||
Total Tier 1 Common | $ | 104,495 | $ | 22,927 | |||
Qualifying perpetual preferred stock | $ | 312 | $ | 70,664 | |||
Qualifying mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts | 19,217 | 23,899 | |||||
Qualifying noncontrolling interests | 1,135 | 1,268 | |||||
Other | 1,875 | - | |||||
Total Tier 1 Capital | $ | 127,034 | $ | 118,758 | |||
Tier 2 Capital | |||||||
Allowance for credit losses (6) | $ | 13,934 | $ | 12,806 | |||
Qualifying subordinated debt (7) | 24,242 | 24,791 | |||||
Net unrealized pretax gains on available-for-sale equity securities (2) | 773 | 43 | |||||
Total Tier 2 Capital | $ | 38,949 | $ | 37,640 | |||
Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital) | $ | 165,983 | $ | 156,398 | |||
Risk-weighted assets (8) | $ | 1,088,526 | $ | 996,247 |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. | |
(2) | Tier 1 Capital excludes net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities and net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair values, in accordance with risk-based capital guidelines. In arriving at Tier 1 Capital, banking organizations are required to deduct net unrealized losses on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair values, net of tax. Banking organizations are permitted to include in Tier 2 Capital up to 45% of net unrealized pretax gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair values. | |
(3) | The Federal Reserve Board granted interim capital relief for the impact of ASC 715-20, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefits Plans (formerly SFAS 158). | |
(4) | The impact of including Citigroup's own credit rating in valuing financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected is excluded from Tier 1 Capital, in accordance with risk-based capital guidelines. | |
(5) | Of Citi's approximately $46 billion of net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2009, approximately $15 billion of such assets were includable without limitation in regulatory capital pursuant to risk-based capital guidelines, while approximately $26 billion of such assets exceeded the limitation imposed by these guidelines and, as "disallowed deferred tax assets," were deducted in arriving at Tier 1 Capital. Citigroup's other approximately $5 billion of net deferred tax assets primarily represented approximately $3 billion of deferred tax effects of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities and approximately $2 billion of deferred tax effects of the pension liability adjustment, which are permitted to be excluded prior to deriving the amount of net deferred tax assets subject to limitation under the guidelines. Citi had approximately $24 billion of disallowed deferred tax assets at December 31, 2008. | |
(6) | Includable up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets. Any excess allowance is deducted in arriving at risk-weighted assets. | |
(7) | Includes qualifying subordinated debt in an amount not exceeding 50% of Tier 1 Capital. | |
(8) | Includes risk-weighted credit equivalent amounts, net of applicable bilateral netting agreements, of $64.5 billion for interest rate, commodity, and equity derivative contracts, foreign exchange contracts, and credit derivatives as of December 31, 2009, compared with $102.9 billion as of December 31, 2008. Market risk equivalent assets included in risk-weighted assets amounted to $80.8 billion at December 31, 2009 and $101.8 billion at December 31, 2008. Risk-weighted assets also include the effect of certain other off-balance-sheet exposures, such as unused lending commitments and letters of credit, and reflect deductions such as certain intangible assets and any excess allowance for credit losses. |
44
2009
Actions Significantly Impacting Citigroup's
Capital
Primarily as a result of the preferred stock and trust preferred
securities exchange offers consummated in the third quarter of 2009, and capital
raised in connection with the $20 billion TARP repayment as well as
the exiting of the loss-sharing agreement in the fourth quarter of 2009, the
overall quality of Citigroup's capital was enhanced, with Tier 1 Common
increasing by approximately $82 billion from December 31, 2008 to December 31,
2009. In addition, Citigroup's Tangible Common Equity (TCE) increased by
approximately $87 billion from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009. Tier 1
Common and related capital adequacy ratios are measures used and relied upon by
U.S. banking regulators, while TCE is a capital adequacy metric used and relied
upon by industry analysts. However, both metrics and related ratios are
considered "non-GAAP financial measures" for SEC purposes. See "Capital Ratios,"
"Components of Capital Under Regulatory Guidelines," and "Tangible Common
Equity" for additional information on these measures.
2009
Actions Significantly Impacting Citigroup's Risk-Weighted
Assets
In the
fourth quarter of 2009, Citigroup entered into an agreement to exit the
loss-sharing agreement with the U.S. Treasury, FDIC, and Federal Reserve
Bank of New York, which covered losses on a specifically designated portfolio,
principally comprised of consumer assets, and initially valued at approximately
$301 billion as of November 21, 2008. Under the agreement, these designated
assets had been risk-weighted at 20% for purposes of calculating Citi's
risk-based capital ratios. With the exiting of the agreement, commencing
December 31, 2009, Citigroup discontinued risk-weighting these assets at 20%.
Rather, the assets were risk-weighted as required in accordance with risk-based
capital guidelines, as described above, and consistent to that prior to entering
into the agreement. The exiting of the loss-sharing agreement increased
Citigroup's risk-weighted assets by approximately $136 billion, and
correspondingly decreased Citi's Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital, and Total
Capital ratios by approximately 125 basis points, approximately 157 basis
points, and approximately 183 basis points, respectively, at December 31,
2009.
In addition, during the first half of 2009, all three of Citigroup's
primary credit card securitization trusts - the Master Trust,
Omni Trust, and Broadway Trust-had bonds placed on ratings watch with negative
implications by rating agencies. As a result of the ratings watch status,
certain actions were taken by Citi with respect to each of the trusts. In
general, the actions subordinated certain senior interests in the trust assets
that were retained by Citi, which effectively placed these interests below
investor interests in terms of priority of
payment.
As a result of these actions, based on the
applicable regulatory capital rules, Citigroup began including the sold assets
for all three of the credit card securitization trusts in its risk-weighted
assets for purposes of calculating its risk-based capital ratios during 2009.
The increase in risk-weighted assets occurred in the quarter during 2009 in
which the respective actions took place. The effect of these changes increased
Citigroup's risk-weighted assets by approximately $82 billion, and decreased
Citigroup's Tier 1 Capital ratio
by approximately 100 basis points each as of March 31, 2009, with respect to the Master and Omni Trusts. The inclusion of the Broadway Trust increased Citigroup's risk-weighted assets by an additional approximate $900 million at June 30, 2009. All bond ratings for each of the trusts have been affirmed by the rating agencies, and no downgrades had occurred as of December 31, 2009.
2010
Accounting Changes Significantly Impacting Citigroup's Capital - Elimination
of Qualifying Special Purpose Entities (QSPEs) and Changes in the Consolidation
Model for Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
Changes that the FASB adopted in 2009
regarding sales treatment for assets and consolidation of off-balance-sheet
VIEs, as promulgated in SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, respectively, will have a
significant and immediate impact on Citigroup's capital ratios beginning in the
first quarter of 2010. Specifically, the pro forma impact on Citigroup's capital
ratios of the adoption on January 1, 2010 of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 (based on
financial information as of December 31, 2009) would be as follows:
As of December 31, 2009 | |||||||
As reported | Pro forma | Impact | |||||
Tier 1 Common | 9.60 | % | 8.21 | % | (139 | ) bps | |
Tier 1 Capital | 11.67 | 10.26 | (141 | ) bps | |||
Total Capital | 15.25 | 13.82 | (143 | ) bps | |||
Leverage | 6.89 | 6.14 | (75 | ) bps | |||
TCE (TCE/RWA) | 10.86 | % | 9.99 | % | (87 | ) bps |
For more information, see Notes 1 and 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including "Funding, Liquidity Facilities and Subordinate Interests" below.
Common
Stockholders' Equity
Citigroup's common stockholders' equity increased during 2009 by $81.4
billion to $152.4 billion, and represented 8.2% of total assets as of December
31, 2009. Citigroup's common stockholders' equity was $71.0 billion, which
represented 3.7% of total assets, at December 31,
2008.
The table below summarizes the change in Citigroup's common stockholders'
equity during 2009:
In billions of dollars | ||||
Common stockholders' equity, December 31, 2008 | $ | 71.0 | ||
Net loss (1) (2) | (1.6 | ) | ||
Employee benefit plans and other activities | 1.0 | |||
Dividends | (3.4 | ) | ||
Exchange offers (1) | 58.8 | |||
Issuance of common equity and T-DECs | 20.3 | |||
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 6.3 | |||
Common stockholders' equity, December 31, 2009 | $ | 152.4 |
(1) | Net loss includes a $0.9 billion after-tax gain related to the conversion of trust preferred securities held by public investors into common stock, pursuant to Citi's public and private exchange offers consummated in July 2009 and completed in their entirety in September 2009. | |
(2) | Net loss includes a $6.2 billion after-tax loss associated with the $20 billion TARP repayment as well as the exiting of the loss-sharing agreement in December 2009. |
45
As of December 31, 2009, approximately $6.7 billion of stock repurchases remained under Citi's authorized repurchase programs. No material repurchases were made in 2009 or 2008. In addition, for so long as the U.S. government holds any Citigroup common stock or trust preferred securities acquired pursuant to the preferred stock exchange offers, Citigroup has agreed not to acquire, repurchase, or redeem any Citigroup equity or trust preferred securities, other than pursuant to administering its employee benefit plans or other customary exceptions, or with the consent of the U.S. government. See also "Supervision and Regulation."
Tangible
Common Equity
TCE, as defined by Citigroup, represents Common equity less Goodwill and Intangible assets ( other than Mortgage Servicing Rights
(MSRs) ) net of the related
net deferred taxes. Other companies may calculate TCE in a manner different from
that of Citigroup. Citi's TCE was $118.2 billion and $31.1 billion at December
31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The TCE ratio (TCE divided by risk-weighted
assets) was 10.9% and 3.1% at December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively.
A reconciliation of Citigroup's
total stockholders' equity to TCE follows:
In millions of dollars at year end, except ratios | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity | $ | 152,700 | $ | 141,630 | |||
Less: | |||||||
Preferred stock | 312 | 70,664 | |||||
Common equity | $ | 152,388 | $ | 70,966 | |||
Less: | |||||||
Goodwill | 25,392 | 27,132 | |||||
Intangible assets (other than MSRs) | 8,714 | 14,159 | |||||
Related net deferred taxes | 68 | (1,382 | ) | ||||
Tangible common equity (TCE) | $ | 118,214 | $ | 31,057 | |||
Tangible assets | |||||||
GAAP assets | $ | 1,856,646 | $ | 1,938,470 | |||
Less: | |||||||
Goodwill | 25,392 | 27,132 | |||||
Intangible assets (other than MSRs) | 8,714 | 14,159 | |||||
Related deferred tax assets | 386 | 1,285 | |||||
Tangible assets (TA) | $ | 1,822,154 | $ | 1,895,894 | |||
Risk-weighted assets (RWA) | $ | 1,088,526 | $ | 996,247 | |||
TCE/TA ratio | 6.49 | % | 1.64 | % | |||
TCE ratio (TCE/RWA) | 10.86 | % | 3.12 | % |
Capital
Resources of Citigroup's Depository Institutions
Citigroup's U.S. subsidiary depository
institutions are subject to risk-based capital guidelines issued by their
respective primary federal bank regulatory agencies, which are similar to the
guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board. To be "well capitalized" under these
regulatory definitions, Citigroup's depository institutions must have a Tier 1
Capital ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital)
ratio of at least 10%, and a Leverage ratio of at least 5%, and not be subject
to a regulatory directive to meet and maintain higher capital
levels.
At December 31, 2009, all of Citigroup's subsidiary depository
institutions were "well capitalized" under federal bank regulatory agency
definitions, including Citigroup's primary depository institution, Citibank,
N.A., as noted in the following table:
Citibank, N.A. Components of Capital and Ratios Under Regulatory Guidelines
In billions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Tier 1 Capital | $ | 96.8 | $ | 71.0 | |||
Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital) | 110.6 | 108.4 | |||||
Tier 1 Capital ratio | 13.16 | % | 9.94 | % | |||
Total Capital ratio | 15.03 | 15.18 | |||||
Leverage ratio (1) | 8.31 | 5.82 |
(1) | Tier 1 Capital divided by each period's quarterly adjusted average total assets. |
Citibank, N.A. had a $2.8 billion net loss for 2009. In addition, during 2009, Citibank, N.A. received capital contributions from its immediate parent company, Citicorp, in the amount of $33.0 billion. Total subordinated notes issued to Citibank, N.A.'s immediate parent company, Citicorp, included in Citibank, N.A.'s Tier 2 Capital declined from $28.2 billion outstanding at December 31, 2008 to $4.0 billion outstanding at December 31, 2009, reflecting the redemption of $24.2 billion of subordinated notes during 2009.
46
The following table presents the estimated sensitivity of Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s capital ratios to changes of $100 million in Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital, or Total Capital (numerator), or changes of $1 billion in risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets (denominator) based on financial information as of December 31, 2009. This information is provided for the purpose of analyzing the impact that a change in Citigroup's and
Citibank, N.A.'s financial position or results of operations could have on these ratios. These sensitivities only consider a single change to either a component of capital, risk-weighted assets, or adjusted average total assets. Accordingly, an event that affects more than one factor may have a larger basis point impact than is reflected in this table.
Tier 1 Common ratio | Tier 1 Capital ratio | Total Capital ratio | Leverage ratio | |||||||||||||
Impact of $1 | ||||||||||||||||
Impact of $1 | Impact of $1 | Impact of $1 | billion change | |||||||||||||
Impact of $100 | billion change in | Impact of $100 | billion change in | Impact of $100 | billion change in | Impact of $100 | in adjusted | |||||||||
million change in | risk-weighted | million change | risk-weighted | million change | risk-weighted | million change | average total | |||||||||
Tier 1 Common | assets | in Tier 1 Capital | assets | in Total Capital | assets | in Tier 1 Capital | assets | |||||||||
Citigroup | 0.9 bps | 0.9 bps | 0.9 bps | 1.1 bps | 0.9 bps | 1.4 bps | 0.5 bps | 0.4 bps | ||||||||
Citibank, N.A. | - | - | 1.4 bps | 1.8 bps | 1.4 bps | 2.0 bps | 0.9 bps | 0.7 bps |
Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries
At December 31, 2009, Citigroup Global Markets
Inc., a broker-dealer registered with the SEC that is an indirect wholly owned
subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., had net capital, computed
in accordance with the SEC's net capital rule, of $10.9 billion, which exceeded
the minimum requirement by $10.2 billion.
In addition, certain of Citi's broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to regulation in the other countries in which they do business, including requirements to maintain specified levels of net capital or its equivalent. Citigroup's broker-dealer subsidiaries were in compliance with their capital requirements at December 31, 2009. The requirements applicable to these subsidiaries in the U.S. and other jurisdictions may be subject to political uncertainty and potential change in light of the recent financial crisis and regulatory reform proposals currently being considered at both the legislative and regulatory levels.
Regulatory
Capital Standards Developments
Citigroup supports the move to a new set of
risk-based capital standards, published on June 26, 2004 (and subsequently
amended in November 2005) by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision,
consisting of central banks and bank supervisors from 13 countries. The
international version of the Basel II framework will allow Citigroup to leverage
internal risk models used to measure credit, operational, and market risk
exposures to drive regulatory capital calculations.
On December 7, 2007, the U.S. banking regulators published the rules for large banks to comply with Basel II in the U.S. These rules require Citigroup, as a large and internationally active bank, to comply with the most advanced Basel II approaches for calculating credit and operational risk capital requirements. The U.S. implementation timetable consists of a parallel calculation period under the current regulatory capital regime (Basel I) and Basel II, starting anytime between April 1, 2008 and April 1, 2010, followed by a three-year transition period, typically starting 12 months after the beginning of parallel reporting. U.S. regulators have reserved the right to change how Basel II is applied in the U.S. following a review at the end of the second year of the transitional period, and to retain the existing prompt corrective action and leverage capital requirements applicable to banking organizations in the U.S. Citigroup intends to implement Basel II within the timeframe required by the final rules. The Basel II (or its successor) requirements are the subject of political uncertainty and potential tightening or other change in light of the recent financial crisis and regulatory reform proposals currently being considered at both the legislative and regulatory levels. See also "Risk Factors."
47
FUNDING AND LIQUIDITY
General
Citigroup's cash flows and liquidity needs are
primarily generated within its operating subsidiaries. Exceptions exist
for major corporate items, such as the TARP repayment, and for equity and
certain long-term debt issuances, which take place at the Citigroup corporate
level. Generally, Citi's management of funding and liquidity is designed
to optimize availability of funds as needed within Citi's legal and regulatory
structure. Various constraints limit certain subsidiaries' ability to pay
dividends or otherwise make funds available. Consistent with these
constraints, Citigroup's primary objectives for funding and liquidity management
are established by entity and in aggregate across three main operating entities,
as follows: (i) Citigroup, as the parent holding company; (ii) banking
subsidiaries; and (iii) non-banking
subsidiaries.
Citigroup sources of funding include deposits,
collateralized financing transactions and a variety of unsecured short- and
long-term instruments, including federal funds purchased, commercial paper,
long-term debt, trust preferred securities, preferred stock and common
stock.
As a result of continued deleveraging, growth
in deposits, term securitization under government and non-government programs,
the issuance of long-term debt under the FDIC's Temporary Liquidity Guarantee
Program (TLGP) and the issuance of non-guaranteed debt (particularly during the
latter part of 2009), Citigroup substantially increased its balances of cash and
highly liquid securities and reduced its short-term borrowings during
2009.
Citi has focused on growing a geographically diverse retail and corporate
deposit base that stood at approximately $836 billion as of December 31, 2009,
up $62 billion compared to December 31, 2008. On a volume basis, deposit
increases occurred in Regional
Consumer Banking , particularly in North America , and in Transaction Services due to
growth in all regions and strength in Treasury and Trade Solutions. Excluding
the impact of foreign exchange, Citi's deposit base has increased sequentially
over each of the last six quarters. The deposits are diversified across products
and regions, with approximately 64% outside of the U.S. This
diversification provides Citi with an important and low-cost source of funding.
A significant portion of these deposits has been, and is currently expected to
be, long-term and stable and is considered to be core. During 2010, although our
deposit balances may be subject to seasonal fluctuations, we anticipate pursuing
modest deposit growth while concentrating on widening spreads .
At December 31, 2009, long-term debt and commercial paper outstanding for Citigroup, Citigroup Global Market Holdings Inc. (CGMHI), Citigroup Funding Inc. (CFI) and other Citigroup subsidiaries, collectively, were as follows:
Citigroup | Other | ||||||||||||
parent | Citigroup | ||||||||||||
In billions of dollars | company | CGMHI | (1) | CFI | (1) | subsidiaries | |||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 197.8 | (3) | $ | 13.4 | $ | 55.5 | $ | 97.3 | (2) | |||
Commercial paper | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 9.8 | $ | 0.4 |
(1) | Citigroup guarantees all of CFI's debt and CGMHI's publicly issued securities. | |
(2) | At December 31, 2009, approximately $24.1 billion relates to collateralized advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. | |
(3) | Of this amount, approximately $64.6 billion is guaranteed by the FDIC with $6.3 billion maturing in 2010, $20.3 billion maturing in 2011 and $38 billion maturing in 2012. |
The table below details the long-term debt issuances of Citigroup during the past five quarters.
2009 | ||||||||||||||||||
In billions of dollars | 4Q08 | 1Q09 | 2Q09 | 3Q09 | 4Q09 | Total | ||||||||||||
Debt issued under | ||||||||||||||||||
TLGP guarantee | $ | 5.8 | $ | 21.9 | $ | 17.0 | $ | 10.0 | $ | 10.0 | $ | 58.9 | ||||||
Debt issued without | ||||||||||||||||||
TLGP guarantee: | ||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup parent | ||||||||||||||||||
company/CFI | 0.3 | 2.0 | 7.4 | 12.6 | 4.0 | (3) | 26.0 | |||||||||||
Other Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||
subsidiaries | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10.1 | (1) | 7.9 | (2) | 5.8 | (4) | 24.3 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 6.6 | $ | 24.4 | $ | 34.5 | $ | 30.5 | $ | 19.8 | $ | 109.2 |
(1) | Includes $8.5 billion issued through the U.S. government-sponsored Department of Education Conduit Facility, and $1 billion issued by Citibank Pty. Ltd. Australia and guaranteed by the Commonwealth of Australia. | |
(2) | Includes $3.3 billion issued through the U.S. government-sponsored Department of Education Conduit Facility, and $1 billion issued by Citibank Pty. Ltd. Australia and guaranteed by the Commonwealth of Australia. | |
(3) | Includes $1.9 billion of senior debt issued under remarketing of $1.9 billion of Citigroup trust preferred securities held by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) to provide funds for settlement of the forward stock purchase contract in March 2010, as provided for by the agreement between Citi and ADIA. | |
(4) | Includes $1.4 billion issued through the U.S. government-sponsored Department of Education Conduit Facility. |
See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail on Citigroup's and its affiliates' long-term debt and commercial paper outstanding. Commercial paper outstanding as of December 31, 2009 has decreased from $29 billion as of December 31, 2008 to $10 billion. In 2010, commercial paper is expected to continue to be an important source of funding for Citi, maintained at approximately the $10 billion level.
The TLGP expired on October 31, 2009 and Citigroup and its affiliates elected not to participate in any FDIC-approved extension of the program. In addition, as of the end of 2009, Citigroup had substantially eliminated utilization of short-term government funding programs.
48
In addition to growing its deposit base and engaging in long-term debt funding, Citi has been actively building its structural liquidity by reducing total assets. Total assets as of December 31, 2009 have declined 4% as compared to December 31, 2008. Loans (net of allowance), which are one of Citi's most illiquid assets, are down $109 billion, or approximately 15%. Deposits as a percentage of loans have increased to 150% as of December 31, 2009 from 116% as of December 31, 2008. Structural liquidity, defined as the
sum of deposits, long-term debt and stockholders' equity as a percentage of total assets, has increased steadily through 2008 and 2009 and was 73% at December 31, 2009, as compared with 66% at December 31, 2008.
Aggregate Liquidity
Resources
Parent and broker-dealer | Significant bank entities | Total | ||||||||||||||||
In billions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||
Cash at major central banks | $ | 10.4 | $ | 49.2 | $ | 105.1 | $ | 74.5 | $ | 115.5 | $ | 123.7 | ||||||
Liquid securities and assets pledged at major central banks | 76.4 | 22.8 | 123.6 | 53.8 | 200.0 | 76.6 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 86.8 | $ | 72.0 | $ | 228.7 | $ | 128.3 | $ | 315.5 | $ | 200.3 |
As noted in the table above,
Citigroup's aggregate liquidity resources totaled $315.5 billion as of December
31, 2009, compared with $200.3 billion as of December 31, 2008. As of
December 31, 2009, Citigroup's and its affiliates' liquidity portfolio and
broker-dealer "cash box" totaled $86.8 billion as compared with $72.0 billion at
December 31, 2008. This includes the liquidity portfolio and cash box held in
the U.S. as well as government bonds held by Citigroup's broker-dealer entities
in the United Kingdom and Japan. Further, at December 31, 2009, Citigroup's bank
subsidiaries had an aggregate of approximately $105.1 billion of cash on deposit
with major Central Banks (including the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York,
the European Central Bank, Bank of England, Swiss National Bank, Bank of Japan,
the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority),
compared with approximately $74.5 billion at December 31, 2008. Citigroup's bank
subsidiaries also have significant additional liquidity resources through
unencumbered highly liquid securities available for secured funding through
private markets or that are, or could be, pledged to the major Central Banks and
the U.S. Federal Home Loan Banks. The value of these liquid securities was
$123.6 billion at December 31, 2009 compared with $53.8 billion at December 31,
2008. Significant amounts of cash and liquid securities are also available in
other Citigroup entities.
Consistent with the strategic reconfiguration
of Citi's balance sheet, the build-up of liquidity resources and the shift in
focus on increasing structural liabilities, Citigroup entered 2010 with much of
its required long-term debt funding already in place. As a consequence, it is
currently expected that the direct long-term funding requirements for Citigroup
and CFI in 2010 will be $15 billion, which is well below the $39 billion of
expected maturities.
Banking Subsidiaries-Constraints on Supplying
Funds
There are various
legal and regulatory limitations on the ability of Citigroup's subsidiary
depository institutions to pay dividends, extend credit or otherwise supply
funds to Citigroup and its non-bank subsidiaries. In determining the declaration
of dividends, each depository institution must also consider its effect on
applicable risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements, as well as policy
statements of the federal regulatory agencies that indicate that banking
organizations should generally pay dividends out of current operating earnings.
Citigroup did not receive any dividends from its banking subsidiaries during
2009.
Some of Citigroup's non-bank subsidiaries have credit facilities with
Citigroup's subsidiary depository institutions, including Citibank, N.A.
Borrowings under these facilities must be secured in accordance with Section 23A
of the Federal Reserve Act. There are various legal restrictions on the extent
to which Citi's subsidiary depository institutions can lend or extend credit to
or engage in certain other transactions with Citigroup and certain of its
non-bank subsidiaries. In general, transactions must be on arm's-length terms
and be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral. See Note 20 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Management of Liquidity
Management of liquidity at Citigroup is the
responsibility of the Treasurer. Citigroup runs a centralized treasury model
where the overall balance sheet is managed by Citigroup Treasury through Global
Franchise Treasurers and Regional Treasurers. Day-to-day liquidity and
funding are managed by treasurers at the country and business level and are
monitored by Corporate Treasury and independent risk management.
A uniform liquidity risk management policy exists for Citigroup, its consolidated subsidiaries and managed affiliates. Under this policy, there is a single set of standards for the measurement of liquidity risk in order to ensure consistency across businesses, stability in methodologies, transparency of risk, and establishment of appropriate risk appetite.
49
Liquidity management is overseen by the Board of Directors through its Risk Management and Finance Committee and by senior management through Citigroup's Finance and Asset and Liability Committee (FinALCO). One of the objectives of the Risk Management and Finance Committee of Citigroup's Board of Directors as well as the FinALCO is to monitor and review overall liquidity policies and practices as well as the liquidity and balance sheet positions of Citigroup and its principal subsidiaries. Additionally, oversight of liquidity is provided by Citigroup's Global Asset and Liability Committee. Asset and Liability Committees are also established for each region, country and/or major line of business.
MONITORING LIQUIDITY
Funding and Liquidity Plans
Each principal operating subsidiary and/or
country must prepare a Funding and Liquidity Plan for approval by the Treasurer
and independent risk management. For significant entities, as defined by balance
sheet size and the liquidity risk position, the Funding and Liquidity Plan is
prepared and approved on an annual basis. The Funding and Liquidity Plan
addresses strategic liquidity issues and establishes the parameters for
identifying, measuring, monitoring and limiting liquidity risk and sets forth
key assumptions for liquidity risk management. The Funding and Liquidity Plan
includes analysis of the balance sheet, as well as the economic and business
conditions impacting, or potentially impacting, the liquidity of the major
operating subsidiary and/or country. As part of the Funding and Liquidity Plan,
liquidity limits, liquidity ratios, market triggers, and assumptions for
periodic stress tests are established and approved.
Risk Tolerance
Citigroup establishes its key risk tolerances
based on stress tests and a cash capital ratio (as described in "Liquidity
Ratios" below). This framework requires that entities be self-sufficient or net
providers of liquidity in their designated stress tests and have excess cash
capital. Aggregate self sufficiency targets have been established for the
banking subsidiaries, Citigroup, the parent holding company, and CGMHI as well
as for individual entities as part of their Funding and Liquidity Plans. In
addition, an important benchmark for the combined Citigroup, the parent
holding company, and CGMHI is to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet all
maturing obligations for a one-year period without access to the unsecured
wholesale markets.
Within this context, there are a series of tools used to monitor Citigroup's liquidity position. These include liquidity gaps and associated limits, liquidity ratios, stress testing and market triggers, as described below.
Liquidity Gaps and Limits
Citigroup uses a monitoring tool that measures
potential funding gaps over various time horizons in a standard operating
environment. The gap for any given funding need represents the potential market
access required, or placements to the market (internal or external) over
designated tenors. Limits establish risk appetite for potential market access in
standard operating conditions and are monitored against the liquidity position
on a daily basis. Limits are established based on evaluation of available
contingent actions and liquidity vulnerabilities under designated stress
scenarios. While the contingent capacity places a cap on the limits, the limits
are also evaluated based on the structural liquidity of the balance sheet,
stability of liabilities, liquidity of assets, depth of markets, the experience
of management, size of the balance sheet, historical utilization, and an
evaluation of expected business and funding strategy. Limits are established
such that in stress scenarios, entities are self-funded or net providers of
liquidity. Thus, the risk tolerance for liquidity funding gaps is limited based
on the capacity to cover the position in a stressed environment. These limits
are the key daily risk-management tool for Citigroup, the parent holding
company, and its banking subsidiaries.
Liquidity Ratios
A series of standard corporate-wide liquidity
ratios has been established to monitor the structural elements of Citigroup's
liquidity. One of the key structural liquidity measures is the cash capital
ratio. Cash capital is a broader measure of the ability to fund the structurally
illiquid portion of Citigroup's balance sheet than traditional measures such as
deposits to loans or core deposits to loans. Cash capital measures the
amount of long-term funding (>1 year) available to fund illiquid
assets. Long-term funding includes core customer deposits, long-term debt
and equity. Illiquid assets include loans (net of liquidity adjustments),
illiquid securities, securities haircuts and other assets (i.e., goodwill,
intangibles, fixed assets, receivables, etc.). Cash capital targets are
established for Citigroup, the parent holding company, CGMHI
and Citigroup's aggregate banking subsidiaries. In addition, each
entity is required to calculate a cash capital ratio on a monthly basis.
Benchmarks must be established and approved for the cash capital ratio as part
of the entities' Funding and Liquidity plan. At December 31, 2009, the
combined Citigroup, the parent holding company, and CGMHI, as well as the
aggregate banking subsidiaries had an excess of cash capital. In addition, as of
December 31, 2009 the combined Citigroup, the parent holding company, and CGMHI
maintained liquidity to meet all maturing obligations significantly in excess
of a one-year period without access to the unsecured wholesale
markets.
50
Simulated liquidity stress testing is periodically performed for each major operating subsidiary and/or country. Stress testing / scenario analyses are intended to quantify the likely impact of an event on the balance sheet and liquidity position and to identify viable funding alternatives that can be utilized in a liquidity event. A variety of firm-specific and market-related scenarios are used at the consolidated level and in individual countries. These scenarios include assumptions about significant changes in key funding sources, credit ratings, contingent uses of funding, and political and economic conditions in certain countries. The results of stress tests of individual countries and operating subsidiaries are reviewed to ensure that each individual major operating subsidiary or country is either self-funded or a net provider of liquidity. In addition, a Contingency Funding Plan is prepared on a periodic basis for Citigroup. The plan includes detailed policies, procedures, roles and responsibilities, and the results of corporate stress tests. The product of these stress tests is a series of alternatives that can be used by the Treasurer in a liquidity event.
As a result of the recent financial crisis, Citigroup increased the frequency, duration, and severity of certain stress testing, particularly related to the interconnection of idiosyncratic and systemic risk. Citigroup, the parent holding company, CGMHI and Citigroup's largest bank entities perform their key stress tests at a minimum on a monthly basis. In addition, in conformity with recommendations made by the Credit Risk Management Policy Group, Citigroup calculates a stressed 30-day maximum cash outflow compared with its liquidity resources for some of its key operating entities. This 30-day maximum cash outflow is performed on a daily basis. For other entities, stress testing is performed at a minimum on a quarterly basis.
Market Triggers
Market triggers are internal or external
market or economic factors that may imply a change to market liquidity or
Citigroup's access to the markets. Citigroup market triggers are
monitored by the Treasurer and the head of risk architecture and are
presented to the FinALCO.
Appropriate market triggers are also
established and monitored for each major operating subsidiary and/or
country. Local triggers are reviewed with the local country or business
Asset and Liability Committee and independent risk management.
Credit Ratings
Citigroup's
ability to access the capital markets and other sources of funds, as well as the
cost of these funds and its ability to maintain certain deposits, is dependent
on its credit ratings. The table below indicates the current ratings for
Citigroup.
As a result of the Citigroup guarantee, changes in ratings for Citigroup Funding Inc. are the same as those of Citigroup noted above.
Citigroup's Debt Ratings as of December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Citigroup Inc. | Citigroup Funding Inc. | Citibank, N.A. | ||||||||||
Senior | Commercial | Senior | Commercial | Long- | Short- | |||||||
debt | paper | debt | paper | term | term | |||||||
Fitch Ratings | A+ | F1+ | A+ | F1+ | A+ | F1+ | ||||||
Moody's Investors Service | A3 | P-1 | A3 | P-1 | A1 | P-1 | ||||||
Standard & Poor's | A | A-1 | A | A-1 | A+ | A-1 |
On February 9, 2010, S&P
affirmed the counterparty credit and debt ratings of Citi. At the same time,
S&P revised its outlook on Citi to negative from stable. This action was the
result of S&P's view that there is increased uncertainty about the U.S.
government's willingness to provide extraordinary support to a number of
systematically important financial institutions. Outlooks from both Moody's and
Fitch remained stable.
Ratings downgrades by Fitch Ratings, Moody's Investors Service or
Standard & Poor's have had and could continue to have material impacts on
funding and liquidity, and could also have further explicit material impact on
liquidity due to collateral triggers and other cash requirements. Because of the
current credit ratings of Citigroup Inc., a one-notch downgrade of
its senior debt/long-term rating could impact Citigroup Inc.'s commercial paper/short-term rating. As of December 31, 2009, a one-notch downgrade of the senior debt/long-term rating of Citigroup Inc., accompanied by a one-notch downgrade of Citigroup Inc.'s commercial paper/short-term rating, would result in an approximate $4.2 billion funding requirement in the form of collateral and cash obligations. Further, as of December 31, 2009, a one-notch downgrade of the senior debt/long-term ratings of Citibank, N.A. would result in an approximate $4.2 billion funding requirement in the form of collateral and cash obligations. Because of the current credit ratings of Citibank, N.A., a one-notch downgrade of its senior debt/long-term rating is unlikely to have any impact on its commercial paper/short-term rating.
51
OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Citigroup and its subsidiaries are involved with several types of off-balance-sheet arrangements, including special purpose entities (SPEs), primarily in connection with securitization activities in Regional Consumer Banking and Institutional Clients Group . Citigroup and its subsidiaries use SPEs principally to obtain liquidity and favorable capital treatment by securitizing certain of Citigroup's financial assets, assisting clients in securitizing their financial assets and creating investment products for clients. For further information on Citi's securitization activities and involvement in SPEs,
see Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates-Securitizations."
The following tables describe certain characteristics of assets owned by certain identified significant unconsolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) as of December 31, 2009. These VIEs and Citi's exposure to the VIEs are described in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit rating distribution | |||||||||||||
Total | Weighted | ||||||||||||
assets | average | ||||||||||||
(In billions of dollars) | life | AAA | AA | A | BBB/BBB+ | ||||||||
Citi-administered asset-backed commercial paper conduits | $ | 36.3 | 4.7 years | 37 | % | 13 | % | 42 | % | 8 | % | ||
% of total | |||||||||||||
Asset class | portfolio | ||||||||||||
Student loans | 33 | % | |||||||||||
Trade receivables | 5 | % | |||||||||||
Credit cards and consumer loans | 4 | % | |||||||||||
Portfolio finance | 10 | % | |||||||||||
Commercial loans and corporate credit | 18 | % | |||||||||||
Export finance | 22 | % | |||||||||||
Auto | 4 | % | |||||||||||
Residential mortgage | 4 | % | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % |
Credit rating distribution | |||||||||||||||
Total | Weighted | ||||||||||||||
assets | average | ||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt and loan obligations | (In billions of dollars) | life | A or higher | BBB | BB/B | CCC | Unrated | ||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) | $ | 19.3 | 3.9 years | 12 | % | 11 | % | 16 | % | 48 | % | 13 | % | ||
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) | $ | 18.8 | 6.8 years | 8 | % | 5 | % | 37 | % | 11 | % | 39 | % |
Credit rating distribution | |||||||||||
Total | Weighted | Less | |||||||||
assets | average | AA/Aa1 – | than | ||||||||
Municipal securities tender option bond (TOB) trusts | (In billions of dollars) | life | AAA/Aaa | AA-/Aa3 | AA-/Aa3 | ||||||
Customer TOB trusts (not consolidated) | $ | 8.5 | 12.2 years | 12 | % | 85 | % | 3 | % | ||
Proprietary TOB trusts (consolidated and not consolidated) | $ | 12.3 | 16.4 years | 7 | % | 75 | % | 18 | % | ||
QSPE TOB trusts (not consolidated) | $ | 0.7 | 10.7 years | 89 | % | 11 | % | 0 | % |
See " Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates - Securitizations " and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of SFAS Nos. 166 and 167, effective in the first quarter of 2010, and their impact on Citi.
52
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table
includes aggregated information about Citigroup's contractual obligations that
impact its short- and long-term liquidity and capital needs. The table includes
information about payments due under specified contractual obligations,
aggregated by type of contractual obligation. It includes the maturity profile
of Citigroup's consolidated long-term debt, leases and other long-term
liabilities.
Citigroup's contractual obligations include
purchase obligations that are enforceable and legally binding for Citi. For the
purposes of the table below, purchase obligations are included through the
termination date of the respective agreements, even if the contract is
renewable. Many of the purchase agreements for goods or services include clauses
that would allow Citigroup to cancel the agreement with specified notice;
however, that impact is not included in the table (unless Citigroup has already
notified the counterparty of its intention to terminate the
agreement).
Other liabilities reflected on Citigroup's
Consolidated Balance Sheet include obligations for goods and services that have
already been received, uncertain tax positions, as well as other long-term
liabilities that have been incurred and will ultimately be paid in
cash.
Excluded from the following table are obligations that are generally
short-term in nature, including deposit liabilities and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. The table also excludes certain
insurance and
investment contracts subject to mortality and morbidity risks or without defined maturities, such that the timing of payments and withdrawals is uncertain. The liabilities related to these insurance and investment contracts are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as Insurance Policy and Claims Reserves, Contractholder Funds, and Separate and Variable Accounts.
Citigroup's funding policy for pension plans is generally to fund to the minimum amounts required by the applicable laws and regulations. At December 31, 2009, there were no minimum required contributions, and no contributions are currently planned for the U.S. pension plans. Accordingly, no amounts have been included in the table below for future contributions to the U.S. pension plans. For the non-U.S. pension plans, discretionary contributions in 2010 are anticipated to be approximately $160 million. The anticipated cash contributions in 2010 related to the non-U.S. postretirement benefit plans are $72 million. These amounts are included in the purchase obligations in the table below. The estimated pension and postretirement plan contributions are subject to change, since contribution decisions are affected by various factors, such as market performance, regulatory and legal requirements, and management's ability to change funding policy. For additional information regarding Citi's retirement benefit obligations, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contractual obligations by year | ||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars at year end | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt obligations (1) | $ | 47,162 | $ | 59,656 | $ | 69,344 | $ | 28,132 | $ | 34,895 | $ | 124,830 | ||||||
Lease obligations | 1,247 | 1,110 | 1,007 | 900 | 851 | 2,770 | ||||||||||||
Purchase obligations | 1,032 | 446 | 331 | 267 | 258 | 783 | ||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities reflected on Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet (2) | 34,218 | 156 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 3,009 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 83,659 | $ | 61,368 | $ | 70,718 | $ | 29,334 | $ | 36,040 | $ | 131,392 |
(1) | For additional information about long-term debt and trust preferred securities, see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(2) | Relates primarily to accounts payable and accrued expenses included in Other liabilities in Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet. |
53
RISK FACTORS
The economic recession and disruptions in
the global financial markets have adversely affected, and may continue to
adversely affect, Citigroup's business and results of
operations.
The financial services industry and the capital markets have been, and
may continue to be, materially and adversely affected by the economic recession
and disruptions in the global financial markets. These market disruptions were
initially triggered by declines that impacted the value of subprime mortgages,
but spread to all mortgage and real estate asset classes, to leveraged bank
loans and to nearly all asset classes, including equities. These market
disruptions resulted in significant write-downs of asset values by financial
institutions, including Citigroup, causing many financial institutions to seek
additional capital, merge with other financial institutions or, in some cases,
go bankrupt.
Disruptions in the global financial markets
have also adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the
corporate bond markets, equity markets, debt and equity underwriting, and other
elements of the financial markets. Such disruptions have caused some lenders and
institutional investors to reduce and, in some cases, cease to provide funding
to certain borrowers, including other financial institutions. Credit headwinds,
increasingly volatile financial markets and reduced levels of business activity
may continue to negatively impact Citigroup's business, capital, liquidity,
financial condition and results of operations, as well as the trading price of
Citigroup common stock, preferred stock and debt
securities.
Moreover, market and economic disruptions have
affected, and may continue to affect, consumer confidence levels, consumer
spending, personal bankruptcy rates, and levels of incurrence and default on
consumer debt and home prices, among other factors, in certain of the markets in
which Citigroup operates. Any of these factors, along with persistently high
levels of unemployment, may result in a greater likelihood of reduced client
interaction or elevated delinquencies on consumer loans, particularly with
respect to Citi's credit card and mortgage programs, or other obligations to
Citigroup. This, in turn, could result in a higher level of loan losses and
Citi's allowances for credit losses, all of which could adversely affect
Citigroup's earnings. While Citigroup has instituted loss mitigation programs to
work with distressed borrowers and potentially mitigate these effects, these
programs are in the early stages, and it is uncertain whether they will be
successful.
In connection with significant government and
central bank actions taken in late 2008 and in 2009, the U.S. and global
economies began to see signs of stabilization in certain areas, and some early
positive economic signs were observed in late 2009. Despite these positive
signs, there remains significant uncertainty regarding the sustainability and
pace of economic recovery, unemployment levels, the impact of the U.S. and other
governments' unwinding of their extensive economic and market supports, which
may accelerate in 2010, and Citi's delinquency and credit loss
trends.
Previously enacted and potential future
legislation, including legislation to reform the U.S. financial regulatory
system, could require Citigroup to change certain of its business practices,
impose additional costs on Citigroup or otherwise adversely affect its
businesses.
In addition to previously enacted governmental assistance programs
designed to stabilize and stimulate the U.S. economy (including without
limitation the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA) and the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)), recent economic,
political and market conditions have led to numerous proposals in the U.S. for
changes in the regulation of the financial industry in an effort to prevent
future crises and to reform the financial regulatory
system.
Some of these proposals have already been adopted. For example, in May
2009, the U.S. Congress enacted the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility
and Disclosure Act of 2009 (CARD Act), which, among other things, restricts
certain credit card practices, requires expanded disclosures to consumers and
provides consumers with the right to opt out of certain interest rate increases.
Complying with these legislative changes, as well as the requirements of the
amendments to Regulation Z (Truth in Lending) adopted by the Federal Reserve
Board and effective July 2010, will require Citigroup to invest significant
management attention and resources to make the necessary disclosure and system
changes in its U.S. card businesses and will affect the results of such
businesses. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations- North America Regional Consumer Banking " above and "Managing Global Risk-Credit
Risk-2010 Credit Outlook" and
"- North America Cards" below for additional
information.
In addition, in 2009, the Obama Administration
released a comprehensive plan for regulatory reform in the financial industry.
The Administration's plan calls for significant proposed structural reforms and
new substantive regulation across the financial industry, including, without
limitation, requiring that broker-dealers who provide investment advice about
securities to investors have the same fiduciary obligations as registered
investment advisers; new requirements for the securitization market, including
requiring a securitizer to retain a material economic interest in the credit
risk associated with the underlying securitization; and additional regulation
with respect to the trading of over-the-counter derivatives. In addition, the
Administration's plan calls for increased scrutiny and regulation, including
potentially heightened capital requirements, for any financial institution whose
combination of size, leverage and interconnectedness could pose a threat to
market-wide financial stability if it failed. This is sometimes referred to as
"systemic risk" and may adversely affect Citigroup, as well as the financial
intermediaries with which it interacts on a daily basis such as clearing
agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges.
54
The House Financial Services Committee began considering legislation
based on the Administration's proposal, and in December 2009, the U.S. House of
Representatives passed the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The
bill calls for comprehensive financial regulatory reform and would create a
Consumer Protection Agency whose mandate includes measures that would subject
federally chartered financial institutions to state consumer protection laws
that have historically been preempted. The bill would also provide Federal
regulators with the authority to rein in or dismantle financial institutions
whose collapse could pose a systemic risk to the financial stability or economy
of the U.S. due to their size, leverage or interconnectedness. The Senate
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee also issued a discussion draft of a
bill in November 2009 based on the Administration's proposal, which differs
significantly from the House bill in many
respects.
More recently, in early 2010, the Obama
Administration proposed further restrictions on the size and scope of banks and
other financial institutions. There can be no assurance as to whether or when
any of the parts of the Administration's plan or other proposals will be enacted
into legislation and, if adopted, what the final provisions of such legislation
will be. New legislation and regulatory changes could require Citigroup to
further change certain of its business practices, impose additional costs on
Citigroup, some significant, adversely affect its ability to pursue business
opportunities it might otherwise consider engaging in, cause business
disruptions or impact the value of assets that Citigroup holds.
Citigroup's participation in government
programs to modify first and second lien mortgage loans could adversely affect
the amount and timing of its earnings and credit losses relating to those
loans.
The U.S. Treasury has announced guidelines for its first and second lien
modification programs under the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP).
Citigroup began participating in the HAMP with respect to first mortgages during
the second quarter of 2009 and is actively engaged in discussions with the U.S.
Treasury for the second lien
program.
Participation in the HAMP could result in a
reduction in the principal balances of certain first and second lien mortgage
loans and the acceleration of loss recognition on those loans. In addition to
the principal reduction aspect of the programs, loan modification efforts can
impact the interest rate and term of these loans, which would in turn impact the
total return on those assets and the timing of those returns. Participation in
the programs as a servicer could also reduce servicing income to the extent the
principal balance of a serviced loan is reduced or because it increases the cost
of servicing a loan.
In order to participate in the HAMP, borrowers
must currently complete a three- to five-month trial period during which the
original terms of the loans remain in effect pending final modification. As a
result, Citigroup is uncertain of the overall impact the HAMP will have on its
delinquency trends, net credit losses and other loan loss
metrics.
The expiration of a provision of the U.S.
tax law that allows Citigroup to defer U.S. taxes on certain active financial
services income could significantly increase Citi's tax
expense.
Citigroup's tax provision has historically been reduced because active
financing income earned and indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. is taxed at
the lower local tax rate rather than at the higher U.S. tax rate. Such reduction
has been dependent upon a provision of the U.S. tax law that defers the
imposition of U.S. taxes on certain active financial services income until that
income is repatriated to the U.S. as a dividend. This "active financing
exception" expired on December 31, 2009, and while it has been scheduled to
expire on five prior occasions and has been extended each time, there can be no
assurance that the exception will continue to be extended. The Obama
Administration's 2011 budget proposal includes a two-year extension of the
active financing exception. In addition, the U.S. House of Representatives has
passed a one-year extension of the exception that is now pending a vote in the
U.S. Senate. In the event this exception is not extended beyond 2009, the U.S.
tax imposed on Citi's active financing income earned outside the U.S. would
increase, which could further result in Citi's tax expense increasing
significantly.
Citigroup's businesses are subject to risks
arising from extensive operations outside the United States.
As a global
participant in the financial services industry, Citigroup is subject to
extensive regulation, including fiscal and monetary policies, in jurisdictions
around the world.
As a result of the current financial crisis,
there are currently numerous reform efforts underway outside the U.S., including
without limitation proposals by the European Commission to amend bank capital
requirements and by the Financial Services Authority in the United Kingdom to
enhance regulatory standards applicable to financial institutions. This level of
regulation could further increase in all jurisdictions in which Citigroup
conducts business. Any regulatory changes could lead to business disruptions or
could impact the value of assets that Citigroup holds or the scope or
profitability of its business activities. Such changes could also require
Citigroup to change certain of its business practices and could expose Citigroup
to additional costs, including compliance costs, and liabilities as well as
reputational harm. To the extent the regulations strictly control the activities
of financial services institutions, such changes would also make it more
difficult for Citigroup to distinguish itself from
competitors.
55
In addition, the emerging markets in which Citigroup operates or invests, or in which it may do so in the future, particularly as a result of its overall strategy, may be more volatile than the U.S. markets or other developed markets outside the U.S. and are subject to changing political, economic, financial and social factors. Among other factors, these include the possibility of recent or future changes in political leadership and economic and fiscal policies and the possible imposition of, or changes in, currency exchange laws or other laws or restrictions applicable to companies or investments in these countries. Citigroup's inability to remain in compliance with local laws in a particular market could have a materially adverse effect not only on its business in that market but also on its reputation generally.
Future issuances of Citigroup common stock
and preferred stock may reduce any earnings available to Citi's common
stockholders and the return on the company's
equity.
During 2009, Citigroup raised a total of approximately $79 billion in
private and public offerings of common stock in connection with its exchange
offers and as required by the U.S. government pursuant to Citigroup's repayment
of TARP. This amount does not include approximately $3.5 billion of tangible
equity units issued in December 2009 that will be settled for additional shares
of Citigroup common stock that may be issued over a three-year period but in no
event later than December 2012.
In addition, in January 2010, Citigroup issued
$1.7 billion of common stock equivalents to its employees in lieu of cash
compensation they would have otherwise received. Subject to shareholder approval
at Citi's annual shareholder meeting scheduled to be held on April 20, 2010,
such amount of common stock equivalents will be converted to common stock.
Further, pursuant to its agreement with the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority
(ADIA), entered into in November 2007, Citi will issue an aggregate of $7.5
billion of common stock, at a price per share of $31.83, over an approximately
two-year period beginning in March
2010.
While this additional capital has provided, or will provide, funding to
Citigroup's businesses and has improved, or will improve, Citigroup's financial
position and capital strength, it has increased, or will increase, Citigroup's
equity and the number of actual and diluted shares of Citigroup common stock.
Such increases in the outstanding shares of common stock reduce Citigroup's
earnings per share and the return on Citigroup's equity, unless Citigroup's
earnings increase correspondingly. In addition, any additional future issuances
of common stock, including without limitation pursuant to U.S. governmental
requirements or programs, could further dilute the existing common stockholders
and any earnings available to the common stockholders.
The sale by the U.S. Treasury of its stake
in Citigroup will result in a substantial amount of Citigroup common stock
entering the market, which could adversely affect the market price of Citigroup
common stock.
As of December 31, 2009, the U.S. Treasury held a 27.0% ownership stake
in Citigroup. In December 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it planned to
divest its stake during 2010, subject to market conditions and following a
90-day lockup period that will expire on March 16, 2010, resulting in
approximately 7.7 billion shares of Citigroup common stock being sold into the
market. The divestiture of such a large number of shares of Citigroup common
stock within the announced timeframe could adversely affect the market price of
Citigroup common stock.
Citigroup's ability to utilize its deferred
tax assets (DTAs) to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited
if it experiences an "ownership change" under the Internal Revenue
Code.
As
of December 31, 2009, Citigroup had recognized net DTAs of approximately $46.1
billion, which are included in its tangible common equity. Citigroup's ability
to utilize its DTAs to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited
if Citigroup experiences an "ownership change" as defined in Section 382 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). In general, an ownership
change will occur if there is a cumulative change in Citigroup's ownership by
"5-percent shareholders" (as defined in the Code) that exceeds 50 percentage
points over a rolling three-year
period.
The common stock issued pursuant to the exchange offers in July 2009, and
the common stock and tangible equity units issued in December 2009 as part of
Citigroup's TARP repayment, did not result in an ownership change under the
Code. However, these common stock issuances have materially increased the risk
that Citigroup will experience an ownership change in the
future.
On June 9, 2009, the Board of Directors of Citigroup adopted a Tax
Benefits Preservation Plan. This Plan is subject to shareholders' approval at
the 2010 Annual Meeting. The purpose of the Plan is to minimize the likelihood
of an ownership change occurring for Section 382 purposes. Despite adoption of
the Plan, future transactions in Citigroup stock that may not be in its control
may cause Citigroup to experience an ownership change and thus limit its ability
to utilize its DTAs, as well as cause a reduction in Citigroup's tangible common
equity and stockholders' equity.
Increases in FDIC insurance premiums and
other proposed fees on banks may adversely affect Citigroup's
earnings.
During 2008 and continuing in 2009, higher levels of bank failures have
dramatically increased resolution costs of the FDIC and depleted the deposit
insurance fund. In order to maintain a strong funding position and restore
reserve ratios of the deposit insurance fund, the FDIC has increased, and may
further increase in the future, assessment rates of insured institutions. In
November 2009, the FDIC adopted a rule requiring banks to prepay three years of
estimated premiums to replenish the depleted insurance fund, which Citigroup
paid in the fourth quarter of 2009. There have also been proposals to change the
basis on which these assessment rates are determined. Moreover, the Obama
Administration has recently suggested the imposition of other fees on banking
institutions.
Citigroup is generally unable to control
the basis or the amount of premiums that it is required to pay for FDIC
insurance or the levying of other fees or assessments on financial institutions.
If there are additional bank or financial institution failures, Citigroup may be
required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased levels.
These announced increases and prepayments, and any future increases or other
required fees, could adversely impact Citigroup's
earnings.
56
Citigroup's businesses may be materially
adversely affected if it is unable to hire and retain qualified
employees.
Citigroup's performance is heavily dependent on the talents and efforts
of the highly skilled individuals that Citigroup is able to attract and retain.
Competition from within the financial services industry and from businesses
outside of the financial services industry for qualified employees has often
been intense.
Citigroup is required to comply with the U.S.
government's standards for executive compensation and related corporate
governance set forth in the ARRA generally for so long as the U.S. government
holds certain Citigroup securities. These standards generally apply to
Citigroup's senior-most executives and certain other highly compensated
employees. The incentive compensation arrangements for Citigroup's top 30 most
highly compensated employees are also subject to review under the incentive
compensation principles set by the Federal Reserve Board, in consultation with
Citi's other regulators. In addition, the U.K. recently imposed a one-time 50%
tax on bonuses above a certain amount paid to employees of banks operating in
the country.
Furthermore, the market price of Citigroup
common stock has declined significantly from a closing price of $55.12 on May
25, 2007. Because a substantial portion of Citigroup's annual bonus compensation
paid to its senior employees has been paid in the form of equity, such awards
may not be as valuable from a compensatory or retention
perspective.
There can be no assurance that, as a result of
these restrictions, or any potential future compensation restrictions or
guidelines imposed on Citigroup, Citigroup will be able to attract new employees
and retain and motivate its existing employees, which may in turn affect its
ability to compete effectively in its businesses, manage its businesses
effectively and expand into new businesses and geographic regions.
Failure to maintain the value of the
Citigroup brand may adversely affect its
businesses.
Citigroup's success depends on the continued strength and recognition of
the Citigroup brand on a global basis. The Citi name is integral to its business
as well as to the implementation of its strategy for expanding its businesses,
including outside the U.S. Maintaining, promoting and positioning the Citigroup
brand will depend largely on the success of its ability to provide consistent,
high-quality financial services and products to its clients around the world.
Citigroup's brand could be adversely affected if it fails to achieve these
objectives or if its public image or reputation were to be tarnished by negative
views about Citigroup or the financial services industry in general, or by a
negative perception of Citigroup's short-term or long-term financial prospects.
Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on Citigroup's
businesses.
Although Citigroup currently believes it is
"well capitalized," its capitalization may not prove to be sufficiently
consistent with its risk profile or sufficiently robust relative to future
capital requirements.
Citigroup's capital management framework is
designed to ensure that Citigroup and its principal subsidiaries maintain
sufficient capital consistent with Citigroup's risk profile, all applicable
regulatory standards and guidelines as well as external rating agency
conditions. Citigroup is subject to the risk based capital guidelines issued by
the Federal Reserve Board. Capital adequacy is measured, in part, based on two
risk based capital ratios, the Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital
plus Tier 2 Capital) ratios. In conjunction with the conclusion of the
Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP), U.S. banking regulators developed
a new measure of capital called Tier 1 Common. While Tier 1 Common and related
ratios are measures used and relied on by U.S. banking regulators, they are
non-GAAP financial measures for SEC purposes. See "Capital Resources and
Liquidity" above for additional information on these metrics. Citigroup is
also subject to a Leverage ratio requirement, a non-risk-based measure of
capital adequacy. For additional information on these capital adequacy metrics,
including the estimated impact to Citi's capital ratios of adopting SFAS 166 and
SFAS 167 as of January 1, 2010, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity-Capital
Resources."
To be "well capitalized" under U.S. federal bank regulatory agency
definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least
6%, a Total Capital ratio of at least 10% and a Leverage ratio of at least 3%,
and not be subject to a Federal Reserve Board directive to maintain higher
capital levels. As of December 31, 2009, Citigroup was "well capitalized," with
a Tier 1 Capital ratio of 11.7%, a Total Capital ratio of 15.2% and a Leverage
ratio of 6.9%, as well as a Tier 1 Common ratio of 9.6%. There can be no
assurance, however, that Citigroup will be able to maintain sufficient capital
consistent with its risk profile or remain "well capitalized." Moreover, the
various regulators in the U.S. and abroad have not reached consensus as to the
appropriate level of capitalization for financial services institutions such as
Citigroup. These regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board, may alter the
current regulatory capital requirements to which Citigroup is subject and
thereby necessitate equity increases that could dilute existing stockholders,
lead to required asset sales or adversely impact the availability of Citi's
DTAs, as described above, among other
issues.
In addition, Citigroup could adopt the provisions of the Basel II
regulatory capital framework as early as April 1, 2011. This new regulatory
capital framework is likely to result in a need for Citigroup to hold additional
regulatory capital. If market conditions do not improve, the capital
requirements of Basel II could increase prior to scheduled implementation in
2011, further increasing the amount of capital needed by Citi. The new rules
could also result in changes in Citigroup's funding mix, resulting in lower net
income and/or continued shrinking of the balance sheet. Separate from the above
Basel II rules for credit and operational risk, the Basel Committee on Banking
Supervision has also proposed revisions to the market risk framework that could
also lead to additional capital requirements. Although not yet ratified by the
U.S. regulators, the Basel II rules for market risk are currently scheduled for
January 1, 2011, one quarter ahead of Citigroup's earliest date for Basel II
implementation for credit and operational risk.
57
Liquidity is essential to Citigroup's
businesses, and Citigroup relies on external sources to finance a significant
portion of its operations.
Adequate liquidity is essential to Citigroup's
businesses. Citigroup's liquidity could be materially, adversely affected by
factors Citigroup cannot control, such as general disruption of the financial
markets or negative views about the financial services industry in general. In
addition, Citigroup's ability to raise funding could be impaired if lenders
develop a negative perception of Citigroup's short-term or long-term financial
prospects, or a perception that it is experiencing greater liquidity
risk.
Regulatory measures instituted in late 2008 and 2009, such as the FDIC's
temporary guarantee of the newly issued senior debt as well as deposits in
non-interest-bearing deposit transaction accounts, and the commercial paper
funding facility of the Federal Reserve Board were designed to stabilize the
financial markets and the liquidity position of financial institutions such as
Citigroup. While much of Citigroup's long-term and short-term unsecured funding
during 2009 was issued pursuant to these government-sponsored funding programs,
Citigroup began to access funding outside of these programs, particularly during
the fourth quarter of 2009, due, in part, to the fact that many of these
facilities were terminating. Citi's reliance on government-sponsored short-term
funding facilities was substantially reduced as of the end of 2009. The impact
that the termination of any of these facilities could have on Citigroup's
ability to access funding in the future is uncertain. It is also unclear whether
Citigroup will be able to regain access to the public long-term unsecured debt
markets on historically customary
terms.
Citigroup's cost of obtaining long-term unsecured funding is directly
related to its credit spreads in both the cash bond and derivatives markets.
Increases in Citigroup's credit qualifying spreads can significantly increase
the cost of this funding. Credit spreads are influenced by market and rating
agency perceptions of Citigroup's creditworthiness and may be influenced by
movements in the costs to purchasers of credit default swaps referenced to
Citigroup's long-term debt.
In addition, a significant portion of
Citigroup's business activities are based on gathering deposits and borrowing
money and then lending or investing those funds, including through market-making
activities in tradable securities. Citigroup's profitability is in part a
function of the spread between interest rates earned on such loans and
investments, as well as other interest-earning assets, and the interest rates
paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. During 2009, the need
to maintain adequate liquidity caused Citigroup to invest available funds in
lower-yielding assets, such as those issued by the U.S. government. As a result,
during 2009, the yields across both the interest-earning assets and the
interest-bearing liabilities dropped significantly from 2008. The lower asset
yields more than offset the lower cost of funds, resulting in lower net interest
margins compared to 2008. There can be no assurance that Citigroup's net
interest margins will not continue to remain low.
Any reduction in Citigroup's and its
subsidiaries' credit ratings could increase the cost of its funding from, and
restrict its access to, the capital markets and have a material adverse effect
on its results of operations and financial
condition.
Each of Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s long-term/senior debt is
currently rated investment grade by Fitch Ratings, Moody's Investors Service and
Standard & Poor's. The rating agencies regularly evaluate Citigroup and its
subsidiaries, and their ratings of Citigroup's and its subsidiaries' long-term
and short-term debt are based on a number of factors, including financial
strength, as well as factors not entirely within the control of Citigroup and
its subsidiaries, such as conditions affecting the financial services industry
generally.
In light of the difficulties in the financial
services industry and the financial markets generally, or as a result of events
affecting Citigroup more specifically, Citigroup and its subsidiaries may not be
able to maintain their current respective ratings. A reduction in Citigroup's or
its subsidiaries' credit ratings could adversely affect Citigroup's liquidity,
widen its credit spreads or otherwise increase its borrowing costs, limit its
access to the capital markets or trigger obligations under certain bilateral
provisions in some of Citigroup's trading and collateralized financing
contracts. In addition, under these provisions, counterparties could be
permitted to terminate certain contracts with Citigroup or require it to post
additional collateral. Termination of Citigroup's trading and collateralized
financing contracts could cause Citigroup to sustain losses and impair its
liquidity by requiring Citigroup to find other sources of financing or to make
significant cash payments or securities transfers. For additional information on
the potential impact of a reduction in Citigroup's or its subsidiaries' credit
ratings, see "Capital Resources and
Liquidity."
Certain of the credit rating agencies have stated that the credit ratings
of Citi and other financial institutions have benefited from the implicit
support that the U.S. government and regulators have provided to the financial
industry through the financial crisis. The expectation that this support will be
reduced over time, unless offset by improvement in standalone credit profiles,
could have a negative impact on the credit ratings of financial institutions,
including Citi.
Market disruptions may increase the risk of
customer or counterparty delinquency or
default.
Market and economic disruptions, as well as the policies of the Federal
Reserve Board or other government agencies or entities, can adversely affect
Citigroup's customers, obligors on securities or other instruments or other
counterparties, potentially increasing the risk that they may fail to repay
their securities or loans or otherwise default on their contractual obligations
to Citigroup, some of which maybe significant. These customers, obligors or
counterparties could include individuals or corporate or governmental entities.
Moreover, Citigroup may incur significant credit risk exposure from holding
securities or other obligations or entering into swap or other derivative
contracts under which obligors or other counterparties have long-term
obligations to make payments to Citigroup. Market conditions over the last
several years, including credit deterioration, decreased liquidity and pricing
transparency along with increased market volatility, have negatively impacted
Citigroup‘s credit risk exposure. Although Citigroup regularly reviews its
credit exposures, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are
difficult to detect or foresee.
58
Citigroup may fail to realize all of the
anticipated benefits of the realignment of its
businesses.
Effective in the second quarter of 2009, Citigroup realigned into two
primary business segments, Citicorp and Citi Holdings, for management and
reporting purposes. The realignment is part of Citigroup's strategy to focus on
its core businesses and reduce non-core assets in a disciplined and deliberate
manner. Citigroup believes this structure will allow it to enhance the
capabilities and performance of Citigroup's core assets, through Citicorp, as
well as realize value from its non-core assets, through Citi
Holdings.
Citigroup intends to exit the Citi Holdings
non-core businesses as quickly as practicable yet in an economically
rational manner through business divestitures, portfolio run-off and asset
sales. Citigroup has been making substantial progress divesting and exiting
businesses included within Citi Holdings, having completed more than 20
divestitures over the last two years, including the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney
joint venture, Nikko Cordial Securities and Nikko Asset Management sales. Citi
Holdings' assets have been reduced from a peak level of approximately $898
billion in the first quarter of 2008 to approximately $547 billion at year-end
2009.
Despite these efforts, given the rapidly changing and uncertain financial
environment, there can be no assurance that the realignment of Citigroup's
businesses will achieve the company's desired objectives or benefits, including
simplifying the organization and permitting Citigroup to allocate capital to
fund its long-term strategic businesses comprising Citicorp, or that Citi will
be able to continue to make progress in divesting or exiting businesses within
Citi Holdings in an orderly and timely manner.
Citigroup may experience further
write-downs of its financial instruments and other losses related to volatile
and illiquid market conditions.
Market volatility, illiquid market conditions
and disruptions in the credit markets have made it extremely difficult to value
certain of Citigroup's assets. Subsequent valuations, in light of factors then
prevailing, may result in significant changes in the values of these assets in
future periods. In addition, at the time of any sales of these assets, the price
Citigroup ultimately realizes will depend on the demand and liquidity in the
market at that time and may be materially lower than their current fair value.
Further, Citigroup's hedging strategies with respect to these assets may not be
effective. Any of these factors could require Citigroup to take further
write-downs in respect of these assets, which may negatively affect Citigroup's
results of operations and financial condition in future
periods.
Citigroup finances and acquires principal
positions in a number of real estate and real-estate-related products for its
own account, for investment vehicles managed by affiliates in which it also may
have a significant investment, for separate accounts managed by affiliates and
for major participants in the commercial and residential real estate markets,
and originates loans secured by commercial and residential properties. Citigroup
also securitizes and trades in a wide range of commercial and residential real
estate and real-estate-related whole loans, mortgages and other real estate and
commercial assets and products, including residential and commercial
mortgage-backed securities. These businesses have been, and may continue to be,
adversely affected by the downturn in the real estate sector.
Furthermore, in the past, Citigroup has provided financial support to
certain of its investment products and vehicles in difficult market conditions,
and Citigroup may decide to do so again in the future for contractual reasons
or, at its discretion, for reputational or business reasons, including through
equity investments or cash or capital
infusions.
Should unemployment rates continue to be high,
and if stresses in the real estate market continue to depress housing prices,
Citi could experience greater write-offs and also need to set aside larger loan
loss reserves for mortgage and credit card portfolios as well as other consumer
loans.
The elimination of QSPEs from the guidance
in SFAS 140 and changes in FIN 46(R) will significantly impact, and may continue
to significantly impact, Citigroup's Consolidated Financial
Statements.
During 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets , which eliminates Qualifying Special Purpose
Entities (QSPEs) from the guidance in SFAS No. 140, and SFAS No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No.
46(R) , which makes three
key changes to the consolidation model in FIN 46(R), "Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities". Such changes include: (i) former QSPEs will now
be included in the scope of SFAS No. 167; (ii) FIN 46(R) has been
amended to change the method of analyzing which party to a variable interest
entity (VIE) should consolidate the VIE to a qualitative determination of
"power" combined with potentially significant benefits or losses; and (iii)
the analysis of primary beneficiaries has to be re-evaluated whenever
circumstances change.
These standards became effective January 1,
2010, including for Citigroup, and they will have a significant impact, and may
have an ongoing significant impact, on Citigroup's Consolidated Financial
Statements as Citi will be required to bring a portion of assets that were not
historically on its balance sheet onto its balance sheet, which will also impact
Citi's capital ratios. For a further discussion of these changes, see
"Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates" and Note 1 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. See also "Capital Resources and
Liquidity-Capital Resources."
Citigroup's financial statements are based
in part on assumptions and estimates, which, if wrong, could cause unexpected
losses in the future.
Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, Citigroup is required
to use certain assumptions and estimates in preparing its financial statements,
including in determining credit loss reserves, reserves related to litigation
and the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, among other items. If
assumptions or estimates underlying Citigroup's financial statements are
incorrect, Citigroup may experience material losses. For additional information,
see "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates."
Changes in accounting standards can be
difficult to predict and can materially impact how Citigroup records and reports
its financial condition and results of
operations.
Citigroup's accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how it
records and reports its financial condition and results of operations. From time
to time, the FASB changes the financial accounting and reporting standards that
govern the preparation of Citigroup's financial statements. These changes can be
hard
59
to anticipate and implement and can materially impact how Citigroup records and reports its financial condition and results of operations. For example, the FASB's current financial instruments project could, among other things, significantly change the way loan loss provisions are determined from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model, and may also result in most financial instruments being required to be reported at fair value.
Citigroup may incur significant losses as a
result of ineffective risk management processes and strategies, and
concentration of risk increases the potential for such
losses.
Citigroup seeks to monitor and control its risk exposure through a risk
and control framework encompassing a variety of separate but complementary
financial, credit, operational, compliance and legal reporting systems, internal
controls, management review processes and other mechanisms. While Citigroup
employs a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and risk mitigation
techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application
may not be effective and may not anticipate every economic and financial outcome
in all market environments or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. Market
conditions over the last several years have involved unprecedented dislocations
and highlight the limitations inherent in using historical data to manage
risk.
These market movements can, and have, limited the effectiveness of
Citigroup's hedging strategies and have caused Citigroup to incur significant
losses, and they may do so again in the future. In addition, concentration of
risk increases the potential for significant losses in certain of Citigroup's
businesses. For example, Citigroup extends large commitments as part of its
credit origination activities. Citigroup's inability to reduce its credit risk
by selling, syndicating or securitizing these positions, including during
periods of market dislocation, could negatively affect its results of operations
due to a decrease in the fair value of the positions, as well as the loss of
revenues associated with selling such securities or loans. Further, Citigroup
routinely executes a high volume of transactions with counterparties in the
financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks and
investment funds. This has resulted in significant credit concentration with
respect to this industry.
The financial services industry faces
substantial legal liability and regulatory risks, and Citigroup may face damage
to its reputation and incur significant legal and regulatory
liability.
Citigroup faces significant legal and regulatory risks in its businesses,
and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in
litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain
high. Citigroup's experience has been that legal claims by shareholders,
regulators, customers and clients increase in a market downturn. In addition,
employment-related claims typically increase in periods when Citigroup has
reduced the total number of employees, such as during the prior two fiscal
years. There have also
been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by
employees in the financial services industry in recent years, and Citigroup runs
the risk that employee misconduct could occur. It is not always possible to
deter or prevent employee misconduct, and the extensive precautions Citigroup
takes to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all
cases.
For further information relating to Citigroup's legal and regulatory
risks, see "Legal Proceedings" and Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
A failure in Citigroup's operational
systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could impair its
liquidity, disrupt its businesses, result in the disclosure of confidential
information, damage Citigroup's reputation and cause
losses.
Citigroup's businesses are highly dependent on its ability to process and
monitor, on a daily basis, a very large number of transactions, many of which
are highly complex, across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies.
These transactions, as well as the information technology services Citigroup
provides to clients, often must adhere to client-specific guidelines, as well as
legal and regulatory standards. Due to the breadth of Citigroup's client base
and its geographical reach, developing and maintaining Citigroup's operational
systems and infrastructure is challenging. Citigroup's financial, account, data
processing or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate
properly or become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially
beyond its control, such as a spike in transaction volume or unforeseen
catastrophic events, adversely affecting Citigroup's ability to process these
transactions or provide these
services.
Citigroup also faces the risk of operational
failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the clearing agents,
exchanges, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries Citigroup uses to
facilitate its transactions, and as Citigroup's interconnectivity with its
clients grows, it increasingly faces the risk of operational failure with
respect to its clients' systems.
In addition, Citigroup's operations rely on
the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other
information in its computer systems and networks. Although Citigroup takes
protective measures and endeavors to modify them as circumstances warrant, its
computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized
access, computer viruses or other malicious code, and other events that could
have a security impact. Given the high volume of transactions at Citigroup,
certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and
rectified. If one or more of such events occurs, this could potentially
jeopardize Citigroup's, its clients', its counterparties' or third parties'
confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted
through, Citigroup's computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause
interruptions or malfunctions in Citigroup's, its clients', its counterparties'
or third parties' operations, which could result in significant losses or
reputational damage.
60
MANAGING GLOBAL RISK
RISK
MANAGEMENT-OVERVIEW
Citigroup believes that effective risk management is of primary
importance to its success. Accordingly, Citigroup has a comprehensive risk
management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks it
assumes in conducting its activities. These include credit, market (including
liquidity) and operational risks (including legal and reputational exposures).
Each of credit, market and operational risk is discussed in more detail
throughout this section.
Citigroup's risk management framework is
designed to balance corporate oversight with well-defined independent risk
management functions. Enhancements continued to be made to the risk management
framework throughout 2009 based on guiding principles established by Citi's
Chief Risk Officer:
Significant focus has been placed on fostering a risk culture based on a policy of "Taking Intelligent Risk with Shared Responsibility, Without Forsaking Individual Accountability:"
"Taking intelligent risk" means that Citi must carefully measure and aggregate risks, must appreciate potential downside risks, and must understand risk/return relationships. "Shared responsibility" means that risk and business management must actively partner to own risk controls and influence business outcomes. "Individual accountability" means that all individuals are ultimately responsible for identifying, understanding and managing risks.The Chief Risk Officer, working closely with the Citi CEO and established management committees, and with oversight from the Risk Management and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors as well as the full Board of Directors, is responsible for:
establishing core standards for the management, measurement and reporting of risk; identifying, assessing, communicating and monitoring risks on a company-wide basis; engaging with senior management and on a frequent basis on material matters with respect to risk-taking activities in the businesses and related risk management processes; and ensuring that the risk function has adequate independence, authority, expertise, staffing, technology and resources. The risk management organization is structured so as to facilitate the
management of risk across three dimensions: businesses, regions and critical
products. Each of the company's major business groups has a Business Chief Risk
Officer who is the focal point for risk decisions, such as setting risk limits
or approving transactions in the business. There are also Regional Chief Risk
Officers, accountable for the risks in their geographic areas, who are the
primary risk contacts for the regional business heads and local regulators. In
addition, the positions of Product Chief Risk Officers were created for those
areas of critical importance to Citigroup, such as real estate, structured
products and fundamental credit. The Product Chief Risk Officers are accountable
for the risks within their specialty and focus on problem areas across
businesses and regions. The Product Chief Risk Officers serve as a resource to
the Chief Risk Officer, as well as to the Business and Regional Chief Risk
Officers, to better enable the Business and Regional Chief Risk Officers to
focus on the day-to-day management of risks and responsiveness to business
flow.
In addition to revising the risk management organization to facilitate
the management of risk across these three dimensions, the risk organization also
includes the business management team to ensure that the risk organization has
the appropriate infrastructure, processes and management reporting. This team
includes:
61
RISK AGGREGATION AND STRESS TESTING
While Citi's major risk areas are described
individually on the following pages, these risks also need to be reviewed and
managed in conjunction with one another and across the various
businesses.
The Chief Risk Officer, as noted above,
monitors and controls major risk exposures and concentrations across the
organization. This means aggregating risks, within and across businesses, as
well as subjecting those risks to alternative stress scenarios in order to
assess the potential economic impact they may have on
Citigroup.
Comprehensive stress tests are in place across
Citi for mark-to-market, available-for-sale, and accrual portfolios. These
firm-wide stress reports measure the potential impact to Citi and its component
businesses of very large changes in various types of key risk factors (e.g.,
interest rates, credit spreads), as well as the potential impact of a number of
historical and hypothetical forward-looking systemic stress
scenarios.
Supplementing the stress testing described
above, Risk Management, working with input from the businesses and finance,
provides enhanced periodic updates to senior management on significant potential
exposures across Citigroup arising from risk concentrations (e.g., residential
real estate), financial market participants (e.g., monoline insurers), and other
systemic issues (e.g., commercial paper markets). These risk assessments are
forward-looking exercises, intended to inform senior management about the
potential economic impacts to Citi that may occur, directly or indirectly, as a
result of hypothetical scenarios, based on judgmental analysis from independent
risk managers. Risk Management also reports to the Risk Management and Finance
Committee of the Board of Directors, as well as the full Board of Directors on
these matters.
The stress testing and risk assessment
exercises are a supplement to the standard limit-setting and risk-capital
exercises described below, as these processes incorporate events in the
marketplace and within Citi that impact the firm's outlook on the form,
magnitude, correlation and timing of identified risks that may arise. In
addition to enhancing awareness and understanding of potential exposures, the
results of these processes then serve as the starting point for developing risk
management and mitigation strategies.
RISK CAPITAL
Risk capital is defined as the amount of
capital required to absorb potential unexpected economic losses resulting from
extremely severe events over a one-year time period:
The drivers of "economic losses" are risks, which for Citi can be broadly categorized as credit risk (including cross-border risk), market risk (including liquidity) and operational risk (including legal and regulatory):
Credit risk losses primarily result from a borrower's or counterparty's inability to meet its obligations. Market risk losses arise from fluctuations in the market value of trading and non-trading positions, including the treatment changes in value resulting from fluctuations in rates. Operational risk losses result from inadequate or failed internal processes, systems or human factors or from external events. These
risks are measured and aggregated within businesses and across Citigroup to facilitate the understanding of
our exposure to extreme downside events as described under "Risk Aggregation and
Stress Testing."
The risk
capital framework is reviewed and enhanced on a regular basis in light of market
developments and evolving
practices.
The following is a more detailed discussion of
the principal risks Citi assumes in conducting its activities: credit, market
and operational risk.
62
CREDIT RISK
Credit risk is the potential for financial
loss resulting from the failure of a borrower or counterparty to honor its
financial or contractual obligations. Credit risk arises in many of Citigroup's
business activities, including:
During 2009, Citigroup reduced its aggregate loan portfolio by $102.7 billion to $591.5 billion. In addition, Citi's total allowance for loan losses totaled $36.0 billion at December 31, 2009, a coverage ratio of 6.09% of total loans, up from 4.27% at December 31, 2008.
During 2009, Citigroup recorded a net build of $8.0 billion to its credit reserves, which was $6.6 billion lower than the build in 2008. The net build consisted of a net build of $7.6 billion for consumer loans ($1.7 billion in RCB and $5.9 billion in LCL ) and a net build of $0.4 billion for corporate loans (a build of $0.9 billion in ICG and a release of $0.5 billion in SAP ).
Net credit losses of $30.7 billion during 2009 increased $11.7 billion from year-ago levels. The increase consisted of $7.6 billion for consumer loans ($1.3 billion in RCB , $6.1 billion in LCL and $0.2 billion in SAP ) and a net increase of $4.1 billion for corporate loans ($0.2 billion decrease in ICG offset by a $4.3 billion increase in SAP ).
Consumer non-accrual loans totaled $18.6 billion at December 31, 2009, compared to $12.6 billion at December 31, 2008. The consumer loan 90 days past due delinquency rate was 4.82% at December 31, 2009, compared to 2.96% at December 31, 2008. The 90 days past due delinquencies continue to rise for the first mortgage portfolio in the U.S., primarily due to the lengthening of the foreclosure process by many states and the increasing impact of the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP). Loans in the HAMP trial modification period are reported as delinquent if the original contractual payments are not received on time (even if the reduced payments agreed to under the program are made by the borrower) until the loan has completed the trial period under the program (see "Consumer Loan Modification Programs" and "U.S. Consumer Mortgage Lending" below). The 30 to 89 days past due delinquency rate was 3.56% at December 31, 2009, compared to 3.51% at December 31, 2008.
Corporate non-accrual loans were $13.5 billion at December 31, 2009, compared to $9.7 billion at December 31, 2008. The increase from the prior year is mainly due to Citi's continued policy of actively moving loans into non-accrual at earlier stages of anticipated distress. Over two-thirds of the non-accrual corporate loans are current and continue to make their contractual payments.
For Citi's loan accounting policies, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
2010 Credit
Outlook
Credit
costs will remain a significant driver of Citi's financial performance in 2010.
Certain regions, including Asia and Latin America , are showing improvement in consumer credit
trends. This trend is expected to continue into 2010 as long as economic
recovery in these regions is sustained. In North America ,
however, credit trends will largely depend on the broader macroeconomic
environment, as well as the impact of industry factors such as CARD Act
implementation and the outcome of the HAMP, each as discussed in more detail.
Across North America , a modest increase in net credit losses is
expected in the first quarter of 2010, after which there may be some slight
improvement. However, the outcome for the second half of 2010 will largely
depend on the economy, and the success of Citi's ongoing loss mitigation
efforts. Changes to the Company's consumer loan loss reserve balances will
continue to reflect the losses embedded in the portfolio due to underlying
credit trends, as well as the impact of forbearance
programs.
Corporate credit is inherently difficult to
predict, and accordingly, the recognition of credit losses and changes in
reserves will be somewhat episodic.
63
Loans Outstanding
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Consumer loans | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate (1) | $ | 183,842 | $ | 219,482 | $ | 240,644 | $ | 208,592 | $ | 180,725 | |||||
Installment, revolving credit, and other | 58,099 | 64,319 | 69,379 | 62,758 | 60,983 | ||||||||||
Cards | 28,951 | 44,418 | 46,559 | 48,849 | 44,756 | ||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | 5,640 | 7,041 | 7,716 | 7,595 | 6,816 | ||||||||||
Lease financing | 11 | 31 | 3,151 | 4,743 | 5,095 | ||||||||||
$ | 276,543 | $ | 335,291 | $ | 367,449 | $ | 332,537 | $ | 298,375 | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate (1) | $ | 47,297 | $ | 44,382 | $ | 49,326 | $ | 41,859 | $ | 37,319 | |||||
Installment, revolving credit, and other | 42,805 | 41,272 | 70,205 | 61,509 | 51,710 | ||||||||||
Cards | 41,493 | 42,586 | 46,176 | 30,745 | 25,856 | ||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | 14,780 | 16,814 | 18,422 | 15,750 | 13,529 | ||||||||||
Lease financing | 331 | 304 | 1,124 | 960 | 866 | ||||||||||
$ | 146,706 | $ | 145,358 | $ | 185,253 | $ | 150,823 | $ | 129,280 | ||||||
Total consumer loans | $ | 423,249 | $ | 480,649 | $ | 552,702 | $ | 483,360 | $ | 427,655 | |||||
Unearned income | 808 | 738 | 787 | 460 | 4 | ||||||||||
Consumer loans, net of unearned income | $ | 424,057 | $ | 481,387 | $ | 553,489 | $ | 483,820 | $ | 427,659 | |||||
Corporate loans | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | |||||||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | $ | 15,614 | $ | 26,447 | $ | 20,696 | $ | 18,066 | $ | 17,870 | |||||
Loans to financial institutions | 6,947 | 10,200 | 8,778 | 4,126 | 1,235 | ||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate (1) | 22,560 | 28,043 | 18,403 | 17,476 | 11,349 | ||||||||||
Installment, revolving credit, and other | 17,737 | 22,050 | 26,539 | 17,051 | 17,853 | ||||||||||
Lease financing | 1,297 | 1,476 | 1,630 | 2,101 | 1,952 | ||||||||||
$ | 64,155 | $ | 88,216 | $ | 76,046 | $ | 58,820 | $ | 50,259 | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | |||||||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | $ | 68,467 | $ | 79,809 | $ | 94,775 | $ | 89,115 | $ | 65,460 | |||||
Installment, revolving credit, and other | 9,683 | 17,441 | 21,037 | 14,146 | 13,120 | ||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate (1) | 9,779 | 11,375 | 9,981 | 7,932 | 7,506 | ||||||||||
Loans to financial institutions | 15,113 | 18,413 | 20,467 | 21,827 | 16,889 | ||||||||||
Lease financing | 1,295 | 1,850 | 2,292 | 2,024 | 2,082 | ||||||||||
Governments and official institutions | 1,229 | 385 | 442 | 1,857 | 882 | ||||||||||
$ | 105,566 | $ | 129,273 | $ | 148,994 | $ | 136,901 | $ | 105,939 | ||||||
Total corporate loans | $ | 169,721 | $ | 217,489 | $ | 225,040 | $ | 195,721 | $ | 156,198 | |||||
Unearned income | (2,274 | ) | (4,660 | ) | (536 | ) | (349 | ) | (354 | ) | |||||
Corporate loans, net of unearned income | $ | 167,447 | $ | 212,829 | $ | 224,504 | $ | 195,372 | $ | 155,844 | |||||
Total loans-net of unearned income | $ | 591,504 | $ | 694,216 | $ | 777,993 | $ | 679,192 | $ | 583,503 | |||||
Allowance for loan losses-on drawn exposures | (36,033 | ) | (29,616 | ) | (16,117 | ) | (8,940 | ) | (9,782 | ) | |||||
Total loans-net of unearned income and allowance for credit losses | $ | 555,471 | $ | 664,600 | $ | 761,876 | $ | 670,252 | $ | 573,721 | |||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans-net of | |||||||||||||||
unearned income | 6.09 | % | 4.27 | % | 2.07 | % | 1.32 | % | 1.68 | % | |||||
Allowance for consumer loan losses as a percentage of total consumer | |||||||||||||||
loans-net of unearned income | 6.70 | % | 4.61 | % | 2.26 | % | |||||||||
Allowance for corporate loan losses as a percentage of total corporate | |||||||||||||||
loans-net of unearned income | 4.56 | % | 3.48 | % | 1.61 | % |
(1) Loans secured primarily by real estate.
64
Details of Credit Loss Experience
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of year | $ | 29,616 | $ | 16,117 | $ | 8,940 | $ | 9,782 | $ | 11,269 | |||||
Provision for loan losses | |||||||||||||||
Consumer | $ | 32,418 | $ | 27,942 | $ | 15,660 | $ | 6,129 | $ | 7,149 | |||||
Corporate | 6,342 | 5,732 | 1,172 | 191 | (295 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 38,760 | $ | 33,674 | $ | 16,832 | $ | 6,320 | $ | 6,854 | ||||||
Gross credit losses | |||||||||||||||
Consumer | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 17,637 | $ | 11,624 | $ | 5,765 | $ | 4,413 | $ | 5,829 | |||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 8,834 | 7,172 | 5,165 | 3,932 | 2,964 | ||||||||||
Corporate | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | 592 | 56 | 1 | - | - | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 151 | 37 | 3 | 1 | - | ||||||||||
Governments and official institutions outside the U.S. | - | 3 | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Loans to financial institutions | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | 274 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 246 | 463 | 69 | 6 | 10 | ||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | 3,299 | 627 | 635 | 85 | 78 | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 1,751 | 778 | 226 | 203 | 287 | ||||||||||
$ | 32,784 | $ | 20,760 | $ | 11,864 | $ | 8,640 | $ | 9,168 | ||||||
Credit recoveries | |||||||||||||||
Consumer | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 576 | $ | 585 | $ | 695 | $ | 646 | $ | 1,007 | |||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 1,089 | 1,050 | 966 | 897 | 693 | ||||||||||
Corporate | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage and real estate | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | 3 | - | 3 | 5 | - | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 1 | 1 | - | 18 | 5 | ||||||||||
Governments and official institutions outside the U.S. | - | - | 4 | 7 | 55 | ||||||||||
Loans to financial institutions | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 11 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 15 | ||||||||||
Commercial and industrial | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | 276 | 6 | 49 | 20 | 104 | ||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 87 | 105 | 220 | 182 | 473 | ||||||||||
$ | 2,043 | $ | 1,749 | $ | 1,938 | $ | 1,779 | $ | 2,352 | ||||||
Net credit losses | |||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 20,947 | $ | 11,716 | $ | 5,654 | $ | 3,827 | $ | 4,796 | |||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 9,794 | 7,295 | 4,272 | 3,034 | 2,020 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 30,741 | $ | 19,011 | $ | 9,926 | $ | 6,861 | $ | 6,816 | |||||
Other-net (1) | $ | (1,602 | ) | $ | (1,164 | ) | $ | 271 | $ | (301 | ) | $ | (1,525 | ) | |
Allowance for loan losses at end of year | $ | 36,033 | $ | 29,616 | $ | 16,117 | $ | 8,940 | $ | 9,782 | |||||
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments (2) | $ | 1,157 | $ | 887 | $ | 1,250 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 850 | |||||
Total allowance for loans, leases and unfunded lending commitments | $ | 37,190 | $ | 30,503 | $ | 17,367 | $ | 10,040 | $ | 10,632 | |||||
Net consumer credit losses | $ | 24,806 | $ | 17,161 | $ | 9,269 | $ | 6,802 | $ | 7,093 | |||||
As a percentage of average consumer loans | 5.44 | % | 3.34 | % | 1.87 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.76 | % | |||||
Net corporate credit losses (recoveries) | $ | 5,935 | $ | 1,850 | $ | 657 | $ | 59 | $ | (277 | ) | ||||
As a percentage of average corporate loans | 3.12 | % | 0.84 | % | 0.30 | % | 0.05 | % | NM | ||||||
Allowance for loan losses at end of period (3) | |||||||||||||||
Citicorp | $ | 10,066 | $ | 7,684 | $ | 4,910 | |||||||||
Citi Holdings | 25,967 | 21,932 | 11,207 | ||||||||||||
Total Citigroup | $ | 36,033 | $ | 29,616 | $ | 16,117 |
(1) | 2009 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of approximately $543 million related to securitizations, approximately $402 million related to the sale or transfers to held-for-sale of U.S. real estate lending loans, and $562 million related to the transfer of the U.K. cards portfolio to held-for-sale. 2008 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of approximately $800 million related to FX translation, $102 million related to securitizations, $244 million for the sale of the German retail banking operation, $156 million for the sale of CitiCapital, partially offset by additions of $106 million related to the Cuscatlán and Bank of Overseas Chinese acquisitions. 2007 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of $475 million related to securitizations and transfers to loans held-for-sale, and reductions of $83 million related to the transfer of the U.K. CitiFinancial portfolio to held-for-sale, offset by additions of $610 million related to the acquisitions of Egg, Nikko Cordial, Grupo Cuscatlán and Grupo Financiero Uno. 2006 primarily includes reductions to the loan-loss reserve of $429 million related to securitizations and portfolio sales and the addition of $84 million related to the acquisition of the CrediCard portfolio. 2005 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of $584 million related to securitizations and portfolio sales, a reduction of $110 million related to purchase accounting adjustments from the KorAm acquisition, and a reduction of $90 million from the sale of CitiCapital's transportation portfolio. |
(2) | Represents additional credit loss reserves for unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit recorded in Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. |
(3) | Allowance for loan losses represents management's best estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio, as well as probable losses related to large individually evaluated impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings. See "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates." Attribution of the allowance is made for analytical purposes only, and the entire allowance is available to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the overall portfolio. |
65
Non-Accrual
Assets
The table
below summarizes Citigroup's view of non-accrual loans as of the periods
indicated. Non-accrual loans are loans in which the borrower has fallen behind
in interest payments or, for corporate loans, where Citi has determined that the
payment of interest or principal is doubtful, and which are therefore considered
impaired. Consistent with industry conventions, Citi generally accrues interest
on credit card loans until such loans are charged-off, which typically occurs at
180 days contractual delinquency. As such, the non-accrual loan disclosures in
this section do not include credit card loans. As discussed under "Accounting
Policies" in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, in situations
where Citi reasonably expects that only a portion of the principal and interest
owed will ultimately be collected, all payments received are reflected as a
reduction of principal and not as interest income. There is no industry-wide
definition of non-accrual assets, however, and as such, analysis against the
industry is not always comparable.
As discussed under "Loan and Credit Overview,"
Citigroup has been actively moving corporate loans into the non-accrual category
at earlier stages of anticipated distress. Corporate non-accrual loans may still
be current on interest payments, however, and as of December 31, 2009, over
two-thirds of the total portfolio of non-accrual corporate loans are current and
continue to make their contractual payments.
Non-accrual loans
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Citicorp | $ | 4,968 | $ | 3,193 | $ | 2,027 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 1,136 | ||||
Citi Holdings | 27,216 | 19,104 | 6,941 | 3,906 | 3,888 | |||||||||
Total non-accrual loans (NAL) | $ | 32,184 | $ | 22,297 | $ | 8,968 | $ | 5,047 | $ | 5,024 | ||||
Corporate non-accrual loans (1) | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 5,621 | $ | 2,660 | $ | 291 | $ | 68 | $ | 91 | ||||
EMEA | 6,308 | 6,330 | 1,152 | 128 | 297 | |||||||||
Latin America | 569 | 229 | 119 | 152 | 246 | |||||||||
Asia | 1,047 | 513 | 103 | 88 | 272 | |||||||||
$ | 13,545 | $ | 9,732 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 436 | $ | 906 | |||||
Citicorp | $ | 2,925 | $ | 1,364 | $ | 247 | $ | 133 | $ | 319 | ||||
Citi Holdings | 10,620 | 8,368 | 1,418 | 303 | 587 | |||||||||
$ | 13,545 | $ | 9,732 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 436 | $ | 906 | |||||
Consumer non-accrual loans (1) | ||||||||||||||
North America | $ | 15,555 | $ | 9,617 | $ | 4,841 | $ | 3,139 | $ | 2,860 | ||||
EMEA | 1,159 | 948 | 696 | 441 | 396 | |||||||||
Latin America | 1,340 | 1,290 | 1,133 | 643 | 523 | |||||||||
Asia | 585 | 710 | 633 | 388 | 339 | |||||||||
$ | 18,639 | $ | 12,565 | $ | 7,303 | $ | 4,611 | $ | 4,118 | |||||
Citicorp | $ | 2,043 | $ | 1,829 | $ | 1,780 | $ | 1,008 | $ | 817 | ||||
Citi Holdings | 16,596 | 10,736 | 5,523 | 3,603 | 3,301 | |||||||||
$ | 18,639 | $ | 12,565 | $ | 7,303 | $ | 4,611 | $ | 4,118 |
(1) | Excludes purchased distressed loans as they are generally accreting interest. The carrying value of these loans was $920 million at December 31, 2009, $1.510 billion at December 31, 2008, $2.373 billion at December 31, 2007, $949 million at December 31, 2006, and $1.120 billion at December 31, 2005. |
66
Non-Accrual
Assets (continued)
The table below summarizes Citigroup's other real estate owned (OREO)
assets. This represents the carrying value of all property acquired by
foreclosure or other legal proceedings when Citi has taken possession of the
collateral.
OREO | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Citicorp | $ | 148 | $ | 371 | $ | 541 | $ | 342 | $ | 209 | ||||
Citi Holdings | 1,341 | 1,022 | 679 | 358 | 219 | |||||||||
Corporate/Other | 11 | 40 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Total OREO | $ | 1,500 | $ | 1,433 | $ | 1,228 | $ | 701 | $ | 429 | ||||
North America | $ | 1,294 | $ | 1,349 | $ | 1,168 | $ | 640 | $ | 392 | ||||
EMEA | 121 | 66 | 40 | 35 | 21 | |||||||||
Latin America | 45 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 12 | |||||||||
Asia | 40 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||
$ | 1,500 | $ | 1,433 | $ | 1,228 | $ | 701 | $ | 429 | |||||
Other repossessed assets (1) | $ | 73 | $ | 78 | $ | 99 | $ | 75 | $ | 62 |
(1) | Primarily transportation equipment, carried at lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell. |
Non-accrual assets-Total Citigroup | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Corporate non-accrual loans | $ | 13,545 | $ | 9,732 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 436 | $ | 906 | ||||
Consumer non-accrual loans | 18,639 | 12,565 | 7,303 | 4,611 | 4,118 | |||||||||
Non-accrual loans (NAL) | $ | 32,184 | $ | 22,297 | $ | 8,968 | $ | 5,047 | $ | 5,024 | ||||
OREO | $ | 1,500 | $ | 1,433 | $ | 1,228 | $ | 701 | $ | 429 | ||||
Other repossessed assets | 73 | 78 | 99 | 75 | 62 | |||||||||
Non-accrual assets (NAA) | $ | 33,757 | $ | 23,808 | $ | 10,295 | $ | 5,823 | $ | 5,515 | ||||
NAL as a percentage of total loans | 5.44 | % | 3.21 | % | 1.15 | % | ||||||||
NAA as a percentage of total assets | 1.82 | % | 1.23 | % | 0.47 | % | ||||||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of NAL (1)(2) | 112 | % | 133 | % | 180 | % |
(1) | The $6.403 billion of non-accrual loans transferred from the held-for-sale portfolio to the held-for-investment portfolio during the fourth quarter of 2008 were marked-to-market at the transfer date and, therefore, no allowance was necessary at the time of the transfer. $2.426 billion of the par value of the loans reclassified was written off prior to transfer. |
(2) | The allowance for loan losses includes the allowance for credit card and purchased distressed loans, while the non-accrual loans exclude credit card balances and purchased distressed loans as these continue to accrue interest until write-off. |
Non-accrual assets-Total Citicorp | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Non-accrual loans (NAL) | $ | 4,968 | $ | 3,193 | $ | 2,027 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 1,136 | ||||
OREO | 148 | 371 | 541 | 342 | 209 | |||||||||
Other repossessed assets | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Non-accrual assets (NAA) | $ | 5,116 | $ | 3,564 | $ | 2,568 | $ | 1,483 | $ | 1,345 | ||||
NAA as a percentage of total assets | 0.47 | % | 0.36 | % | 0.21 | % | ||||||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of NAL (1) | 203 | % | 241 | % | 242 | % | ||||||||
Non-accrual assets-Total Citi Holdings | ||||||||||||||
Non-accrual loans (NAL) | $ | 27,216 | $ | 19,104 | $ | 6,941 | $ | 3,906 | $ | 3,888 | ||||
OREO | 1,341 | 1,022 | 679 | 358 | 219 | |||||||||
Other repossessed assets | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Non-accrual assets (NAA) | $ | 28,557 | $ | 20,126 | $ | 7,620 | $ | 4,264 | $ | 4,107 | ||||
NAA as a percentage of total assets | 5.22 | % | 2.81 | % | 0.86 | % | ||||||||
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of NAL (1) | 95 | % | 115 | % | 161 | % |
(1) | The allowance for loan losses includes the allowance for credit card and purchased distressed loans, while the non-accrual loans exclude credit card balances and purchased distressed loans as these continue to accrue interest until write-off. |
N/A Not available at the Citicorp or Citi Holdings level.
Renegotiated Loans
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Renegotiated loans (1)(2) | ||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 13,246 | $ | 10,031 | $ | 5,540 | ||
In offices outside the U.S. | 3,017 | 1,755 | 1,176 | |||||
$ | 16,263 | $ | 11,786 | $ | 6,716 |
(1) | Smaller-balance, homogeneous renegotiated loans were derived from Citi ' s risk management systems. |
(2) | Also includes Corporate and Commercial Business loans. |
67
Foregone Interest Revenue on Loans (1)
In non- | ||||||||
In U.S. | U.S. | 2009 | ||||||
In millions of dollars | offices | offices | total | |||||
Interest revenue that would have been accrued at | ||||||||
original contractual rates (2) | $ | 1,902 | $ | 1,257 | $ | 3,159 | ||
Amount recognized as interest revenue (2) | 797 | 267 | 1,064 | |||||
Foregone interest revenue | $ | 1,105 | $ | 990 | $ | 2,095 |
(1) | Relates to corporate non-accrual, renegotiated loans and consumer loans on which accrual of interest had been suspended. |
(2) | Interest revenue in offices outside the U.S. may reflect prevailing local interest rates, including the effects of inflation and monetary correction in certain countries. |
Loan Maturities and Fixed/Variable Pricing Corporate Loans
Due | Over 1 year | ||||||||||
within | but within | Over 5 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars at year end | 1 year | 5 years | years | Total | |||||||
Corporate loan portfolio | |||||||||||
maturities | |||||||||||
In U.S. offices | |||||||||||
Commercial and | |||||||||||
industrial loans | $ | 8,661 | $ | 4,944 | $ | 3,073 | $ | 16,678 | |||
Financial institutions | 4,516 | 2,577 | 1,602 | 8,695 | |||||||
Mortgage and real estate | 10,255 | 5,854 | 3,639 | 19,748 | |||||||
Lease financing | 674 | 384 | 239 | 1,297 | |||||||
Installment, revolving | |||||||||||
credit, other | 9,211 | 5,257 | 3,269 | 17,737 | |||||||
In offices outside the U.S. | 56,997 | 30,674 | 17,895 | 105,566 | |||||||
Total corporate loans | $ | 90,314 | $ | 49,690 | $ | 29,717 | $ | 169,721 | |||
Fixed/variable pricing of | |||||||||||
corporate loans with | |||||||||||
maturities due after one | |||||||||||
year (1) | |||||||||||
Loans at fixed interest rates | $ | 13,702 | $ | 8,878 | |||||||
Loans at floating or adjustable | |||||||||||
interest rates | 35,988 | 20,839 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 49,690 | $ | 29,717 |
(1) | Based on contractual terms. Repricing characteristics may effectively be modified from time to time using derivative contracts. See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
U.S. Consumer First and Second Residential Mortgage Loans
Due | Over 1 year | ||||||||||
within | but within | Over 5 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars at year end | 1 year | 5 years | years | Total | |||||||
U.S. consumer mortgage | |||||||||||
loan portfolio type | |||||||||||
First mortgages | $ | 19,220 | $ | 25,544 | $ | 82,497 | $ | 127,262 | |||
Second mortgages | 302 | 3,875 | 52,404 | 56,580 | |||||||
Total | $ | 19,522 | $ | 29,419 | $ | 134,901 | $ | 183,842 | |||
Fixed/variable pricing of | |||||||||||
U.S. consumer | |||||||||||
mortgage loans with | |||||||||||
maturities due after one | |||||||||||
year | |||||||||||
Loans at fixed interest rates | $ | 1,477 | $ | 93,604 | |||||||
Loans at floating or adjustable | |||||||||||
interest rates | 27,942 | 41,296 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 29,419 | $ | 134,901 |
68
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69
Consumer Loan Delinquency Amounts and Ratios
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
loans | (1) | 90+ days past due | (2) | 30-89 days past due | (2) | ||||||||||||||||
Dec. | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars, except EOP loan amounts in billions | 2009 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
Citicorp | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 124.7 | $ | 1,935 | $ | 1,710 | $ | 1,545 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 2,567 | $ | 2,151 | |||||||
Ratio | 1.55 | % | 1.41 | 1.19 | % | 1.86 | % | 2.11 | % | 1.65 | % | ||||||||||
Retail Bank | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 80.7 | 789 | 584 | 500 | 1,011 | 1,111 | 856 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 0.98 | % | 0.77 | % | 0.62 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.46 | % | 1.07 | % | |||||||||
North America | 7.2 | 107 | 84 | 31 | 82 | 100 | 34 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 1.49 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.41 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.54 | % | 1.55 | % | |||||||||
EMEA | 5.2 | 60 | 47 | 30 | 203 | 194 | 122 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 1.15 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.45 | % | 3.90 | % | 3.08 | % | 1.82 | % | |||||||||
Latin America | 18.2 | 382 | 239 | 229 | 300 | 261 | 297 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 2.10 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.44 | % | 1.65 | % | 1.66 | % | 1.87 | % | |||||||||
Asia | 50.1 | 240 | 214 | 210 | 426 | 556 | 403 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 0.48 | % | 0.45 | % | 0.38 | % | 0.85 | % | 1.17 | % | 0.73 | % | |||||||||
Citi-Branded Cards (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 44.0 | 1,146 | 1,126 | 1,045 | 1,314 | 1,456 | 1,295 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 2.60 | % | 2.47 | % | 2.09 | % | 2.98 | % | 3.20 | % | 2.59 | % | |||||||||
North America | 11.1 | 238 | 263 | 221 | 251 | 277 | 242 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 2.14 | % | 1.84 | % | 1.33 | % | 2.26 | % | 1.94 | % | 1.46 | % | |||||||||
EMEA | 3.0 | 80 | 36 | 21 | 135 | 118 | 87 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 2.67 | % | 1.28 | % | 0.84 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.21 | % | 3.48 | % | |||||||||
Latin America | 12.2 | 555 | 566 | 554 | 558 | 636 | 606 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 4.55 | % | 4.80 | % | 3.85 | % | 4.57 | % | 5.39 | % | 4.21 | % | |||||||||
Asia | 17.7 | 273 | 261 | 249 | 370 | 425 | 360 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 1.54 | % | 1.57 | % | 1.50 | % | 2.09 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.17 | % | |||||||||
Citi Holdings-Local Consumer Lending (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 293.4 | 17,793 | 12,027 | 7,439 | 12,258 | 13,743 | 10,961 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 6.26 | % | 3.51 | % | 1.99 | % | 4.31 | % | 4.01 | % | 2.93 | % | |||||||||
International | 33.1 | 1,345 | 1,152 | 773 | 1,467 | 1,830 | 1,539 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 4.06 | % | 2.68 | % | 1.56 | % | 4.43 | % | 4.26 | % | 3.10 | % | |||||||||
North America retail partners cards (3) | 18.9 | 851 | 1,017 | 656 | 948 | 1,343 | 975 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 4.50 | % | 3.38 | % | 2.19 | % | 5.02 | % | 4.46 | % | 3.26 | % | |||||||||
North America (excluding cards) | 241.4 | 15,597 | 9,858 | 6,010 | 9,843 | 10,570 | 8,447 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio | 6.71 | % | 3.65 | % | 2.02 | % | 4.24 | % | 3.91 | % | 2.84 | % | |||||||||
Total Citigroup (excluding Special Asset Pool ) (4) | $ | 418.1 | $ | 19,728 | $ | 13,737 | $ | 8,984 | $ | 14,583 | $ | 16,310 | $ | 13,112 | |||||||
Ratio | 4.82 | % | 2.96 | % | 1.78 | % | 3.56 | % | 3.51 | % | 2.60 | % |
(1) | Total loans exclude interest and fees on credit cards. |
(2) | The ratios of 90 days or more past due and 30-89 days past due are calculated based on end-of-period loans. |
(3) | The 90 days or more past due balances for Citi-branded cards and retail partners cards are generally still accruing interest. Citigroup's policy is generally to accrue interest on credit card loans until 180 days past due, unless notification of bankruptcy filing has been received earlier. |
(4) | The 90 or more and 30-89 days past due and related ratio for North America LCL (excluding cards) excludes U.S. mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies since the potential loss predominantly resides within the U.S. agencies. The amounts excluded for loans 90+days past due and (end-of-period loans) for each period are: $5.4 billion ($9.0 billion), $3.0 billion ($6.2 billion), and $1.8 billion ($3.3 billion) as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The amounts excluded for loans 30-89 days past due (end-of-period loans have the same adjustment as above) for each period are: $1.0 billion, $0.6 billion, and $0.4 billion, as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007, respectively. |
70
Consumer Loan Net Credit Losses and Ratios
Average | ||||||||||||
loans | (1) | Net credit losses | (2) | |||||||||
In millions of dollars, except average loan amounts in billions | 2009 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Citicorp | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 119.8 | $ | 5,356 | $ | 4,024 | $ | 2,390 | ||||
Ratio | 4.47 | % | 3.15 | % | 2.08 | % | ||||||
Retail Bank | ||||||||||||
Total | 76.3 | 1,515 | 1,158 | 466 | ||||||||
Ratio | 1.98 | % | 1.43 | % | 0.65 | % | ||||||
North America | 7.2 | 309 | 145 | 68 | ||||||||
Ratio | 4.29 | % | 3.54 | % | 3.40 | % | ||||||
EMEA | 5.6 | 302 | 160 | 72 | ||||||||
Ratio | 5.44 | % | 2.39 | % | 1.33 | % | ||||||
Latin America | 16.6 | 515 | 488 | 146 | ||||||||
Ratio | 3.10 | % | 2.89 | % | 1.07 | % | ||||||
Asia | 46.9 | 389 | 365 | 180 | ||||||||
Ratio | 0.83 | % | 0.69 | % | 0.36 | % | ||||||
Citi-Branded Cards | ||||||||||||
Total | 43.5 | 3,841 | 2,866 | 1,924 | ||||||||
Ratio | 8.84 | % | 6.11 | % | 4.43 | % | ||||||
North America | 12.5 | 842 | 470 | 382 | ||||||||
Ratio | 6.75 | % | 3.62 | % | 2.58 | % | ||||||
EMEA | 2.8 | 185 | 77 | 41 | ||||||||
Ratio | 6.55 | % | 2.75 | % | 2.16 | % | ||||||
Latin America | 11.7 | 1,920 | 1,717 | 1,043 | ||||||||
Ratio | 16.48 | % | 12.18 | % | 8.48 | % | ||||||
Asia | 16.5 | 894 | 602 | 458 | ||||||||
Ratio | 5.42 | % | 3.54 | % | 3.16 | % | ||||||
Citi Holdings-Local Consumer Lending | ||||||||||||
Total | 325.3 | 19,237 | 13,151 | 6,790 | ||||||||
Ratio | 5.91 | % | 3.56 | % | 1.90 | % | ||||||
International | 39.1 | 3,576 | 2,835 | 2,227 | ||||||||
Ratio | 9.15 | % | 5.86 | % | 4.95 | % | ||||||
North America retail partners cards | 24.8 | 3,485 | 2,454 | 1,639 | ||||||||
Ratio | 14.07 | % | 8.26 | % | 5.77 | % | ||||||
North America (excluding cards) | 261.4 | 12,176 | 7,862 | 2,924 | ||||||||
Ratio | 4.66 | % | 2.70 | % | 1.03 | % | ||||||
Total Citigroup (excluding Special Asset Pool ) | $ | 445.1 | $ | 24,593 | $ | 17,175 | $ | 9,180 | ||||
Ratio | 5.53 | % | 3.45 | % | 1.94 | % |
(1) | Total average loans exclude interest and fees on credit cards. |
(2) | The ratios of net credit losses are calculated based on average loans, net of unearned income. |
71
Consumer
Loan Modification Programs
Citigroup has instituted a variety of
modification programs to assist borrowers with financial difficulties. These
programs include modifying the original loan terms, reducing interest rates,
extending the remaining loan duration and/or waiving a portion of the remaining
principal balance. Citi's programs consist of the U.S. Treasury's Home
Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), as well as short-term forbearance and
long-term modification programs, each summarized
below.
HAMP . The HAMP is
designed to reduce monthly mortgage payments to a 31% housing debt ratio by
lowering the interest rate, extending the term of the loan and forbearing
principal of certain eligible borrowers who have defaulted on their mortgages or
who are at risk of imminent default due to economic hardship. In order to be
entitled to loan modifications, borrowers must complete a three- to five-month
trial period, make the agreed payments and provide the required documentation.
Effective June 1, 2010, documentation must be provided prior to beginning the
trial period, whereas prior to that date, it was required to be provided before
the end of the trial period. This change generally means that Citi will
be able to verify income up front for potential HAMP participants before
they begin making lower monthly payments. We believe this change will limit the
number of borrowers who ultimately fall out from the trials and potentially
mitigate the impact of HAMP trial participants on early bucket delinquency
data.
During the trial period, Citi requires that
the original terms of the loans remain in effect pending completion of the
modification. As of December 31, 2009, approximately $7.1 billion of first
mortgages were enrolled in the HAMP trial period, while $300 million have
successfully completed the trial period. Upon completion of the trial period,
the terms of the loan are contractually modified, and it is accounted for as a
"troubled debt restructuring" (see "Long-Term Programs" below). For additional
information on HAMP, see "U.S. Consumer Lending-Mortgage Lending"
below.
Short-term programs . Citigroup has also instituted interest rate reduction programs
(primarily in the United States) to assist borrowers experiencing temporary
hardships. These programs include short-term (12 months or less) interest rate
reductions and deferrals of past due payments. The loan volume under these
short-term programs increased significantly during 2009, and loan loss reserves
for these loans have been enhanced, giving consideration to the higher risk
associated with those borrowers and reflecting the estimated future credit
losses for those loans. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for a further discussion of the allowance for loan losses for such modified
loans.
The following table presents the amounts of
gross loans modified under short-term interest rate reduction programs in the
U.S. as of December 31, 2009:
December 31, 2009 | |||||
In millions of dollars | Accrual | Non-accrual | |||
Mortgage and real estate | $ | 7,087 | $ | 398 | |
Cards | 813 | - | |||
Installment and other | 1,734 | 29 |
Long-term
programs . Long-term
modification programs, or "troubled debt restructurings" (TDRs), occur when the
terms of a loan have been modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties
and a long-term concession has been granted to the borrower. Substantially all
programs in place provide permanent interest rate reductions. Valuation
allowances for TDRs are determined by comparing estimated cash flows of the
loans discounted at the loans' original contractual interest rates to the
carrying value of the loans. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a further discussion of the allowance for loan losses for such
modified loans.
The following table presents the amounts of
gross loans related to these TDRs as of December 31, 2009 and 2008:
December 31 | |||||||
Accrual | Non-accrual | ||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Mortgage and real estate | $8,654 | $4,364 | $1,413 | $207 | |||
Cards | 2,303 | 1,054 | 150 | 41 | |||
Installment and other | 3,128 | 2,345 | 250 | 141 |
Payment deferrals that do not continue to accrue interest primarily occur
in the U.S. residential mortgage business. Other payment deferrals continue to
accrue interest and are not deemed to offer concessions to the customer. Other
types of concessions are not material.
As discussed in more detail in "U.S.
Consumer Lending-Mortgage Lending" and "U.S. Consumer Lending-North America
Cards" below, the measurement of the success of Citi's loan modification
programs varies by program objectives, type of loan, geography, and other
factors. Citigroup uses a variety of metrics to evaluate success, including
re-default rates and balance reduction trends. These metrics may be compared
against the performance of similarly situated customers who did not receive
concessions.
72
U.S.
CONSUMER LENDING
Mortgage Lending
Overview
Citi's North
America consumer mortgage portfolio consists of both first lien and
second lien mortgages. As of December 31, 2009, the first lien mortgage
portfolio in LCL totaled approximately
$118 billion while the second lien mortgage portfolio in LCL was approximately $54 billion. Although
the majority of the mortgage portfolio is managed by LCL within Citi Holdings, there are $0.5
billion of first lien mortgages and $1.7 billion of second lien mortgages
reported in Citicorp. Additionally, as mentioned above, in the first quarter of
2010, approximately $34 billion of U.S. mortgages will be transferred from LCL within Citi Holdings to NA RCB within
Citicorp.
Citi's first lien mortgage portfolio includes
$9.0 billion of loans with Federal Housing Administration or Veterans
Administration guarantees. These portfolios consist of loans originated to
low-to-moderate-income borrowers with lower FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores
and generally have higher loan-to-value ratios (LTVs). These loans have high
delinquency rates but, given the guarantees, Citi has experienced negligible
credit losses on these loans. The first lien mortgage portfolio also includes
$1.8 billion of loans with LTVs above 80%, which have insurance through private
mortgage insurance (PMI) companies, and $3.5 billion of loans subject to
Long-Term Standby Commitments 1 with U.S. government
sponsored enterprises (GSE), for which Citi has limited exposure to credit
losses.
The
following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit
losses for Citi's first and second North
America consumer mortgage
portfolios.
For first mortgages, both delinquencies and
net credit losses are impacted by the HAMP trial loans in the U.S. mortgage
portfolio. As set forth in the first chart, first mortgage delinquencies rates
continued to increase in 2009, exacerbated in part by the reduction in loan
balances. The continued increase in first mortgage delinquencies during the
third and fourth quarters of 2009 was primarily attributable to both the
growing backlog of foreclosures in process and HAMP
modifications.
The growing amount of foreclosures in process,
which is related to an industry-wide phenomenon resulting from foreclosure
moratoria and other efforts to prevent or forestall foreclosure, have specific
implications on the portfolio:
It tends to inflate the amount of 180+ day delinquencies in our mortgage statistics. It can result in increasing levels of consumer non-accrual loans, as we are unable to take possession of the underlying assets and sell these properties on a timely basis. It may have a dampening effect on NIM as non-accrual assets build on the Company's balance sheet.
As discussed in "Consumer Loan Modification Programs " above,
Citigroup offers short-term and long-term real estate loan modification
programs. Citi monitors the performance of its real estate loan modification
programs by tracking credit loss rates by vintage. At 18 months after modifying
an account, in Citi's experience to date, we typically reduce credit loss rates
by approximately one-third compared to similar accounts that were not
modified.
Currently, Citi's
efforts are concentrated on the HAMP. Contractual modifications of loans that
successfully completed the HAMP trial period began in September 2009;
accordingly, this is the earliest HAMP vintage available for comparison. While
early indications of the performance of these HAMP modifications are
encouraging, Citi remains cautious and will continue to monitor the performance
of these HAMP and non-HAMP modification programs and their impact on reducing
Citi's credit losses.
As previously disclosed, loans in the HAMP
trial modification period that do not make their original contractual payment
are reported as delinquent, even if the reduced payments agreed to under the
program are made by the borrower. Further, HAMP trial modifications have the
effect of marginally reducing our net credit losses and increasing our required
loan loss reserves. Specifically, the HAMP impacted Citi's net credit losses in
the first mortgage portfolio during the third and fourth quarters of 2009 as
loans in the trial period are not charged off at 180 DPD as long as they have
made at least one payment. Citigroup has increased its loan loss provisions to
appropriately reserve for this
risk.
Citigroup believes that the success rate of
the HAMP will be a key factor influencing net credit losses from delinquent
first mortgage loans, at least during the first half of 2010, and the outcome of
the program will largely depend on the success rates of borrowers completing the
trial period and meeting the documentation
requirements.
By contrast, second mortgages continue to show
positive trends in both net credit losses and delinquencies, reflecting the
impact of portfolio re-positioning and loss mitigation. Citi continues to
actively manage this exposure by reducing the riskiest accounts, including by
tightening credit requirements through higher FICOs, lower LTVs,
and increased documentation and verifications. As discussed under "Risk
Factors," Citigroup is actively engaged in discussions with the U.S. Treasury
for the second lien program under HAMP.
1 | A Long-Term Standby Commitment (LTSC) is a structured transaction in which Citi transfers the credit risk of certain eligible loans to an investor in exchange for a fee. These loans remain on balance sheet unless they reach a certain delinquency level (between 120 and 180 days), in which case the LTSC investor is required to buy the loan at par. |
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First Mortgages
Note: Includes loans for Canada and Puerto Rico. Excludes loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies.
|
Second Mortgages
Note: Includes loans for Canada and Puerto Rico. |
74
Data appearing in the tables below
have been sourced from Citigroup's risk systems and, as such, may not reconcile
with disclosures elsewhere generally due to differences in methodology or
variations in the manner in which information is captured. Citi has noted such
variations in instances where it believes they could be material to reconcile
the information presented elsewhere.
Citi's credit risk policy is not to
offer option ARMs/negative amortizing mortgage products to its customers. As a
result, option ARMs/negative amortizing mortgages represent an insignificant
portion of total balances that were acquired only incidentally as part of prior
portfolio and business purchases.
A portion of loans in the U.S. mortgage
portfolio currently requires a payment to satisfy only the current accrued
interest for the payment period, or an interest-only payment. Our mortgage
portfolio includes approximately $28 billion of first and second lien home
equity lines of credit (HELOCs) that are still within their revolving period and
have not commenced amortization. The interest-only payment feature during the
revolving period is standard for the HELOC product across the industry. The
first mortgage portfolio contains approximately $33 billion of mostly adjustable
rate mortgages (ARMs) that are currently required to make an interest-only
payment. These loans will be required to make a fully amortizing payment upon
expiration of their interest-only payment period, and most will do so within a
few years of origination. Borrowers that are currently required to make an
interest-only payment cannot select a lower payment that would negatively
amortize the loan. First mortgage loans with this payment feature are primarily
to high-credit-quality borrowers that have on average significantly higher
refreshed FICO scores than other loans in the first mortgage
portfolio.
Loan
balances
First mortgages - Loan
balances. As a consequence
of the difficult economic environment and the decrease in housing prices, LTV
and FICO scores have deteriorated since origination as depicted in the table
below. On a refreshed basis, approximately 28% of first lien mortgages had a LTV
ratio above 100%, compared to approximately 0% at origination. Approximately 30%
of the first lien mortgages had FICO scores less than 620 on a refreshed basis,
compared to 15% at origination. One half of the first lien mortgages with
refreshed LTV ratios above 100% have refreshed FICO scores greater than 660; 90
+ DPD rates for this portion of the portfolio were 2.8%.
Balances: December 31, 2009 - First Lien Mortgages
AT | FICO≥660 | 620≤FICO<660 | FICO< 620 |
ORIGINATION | |||
LTV ≤ 80% | 59% | 6% | 7% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 13% | 7% | 8% |
LTV > 100% | NM | NM | NM |
REFRESHED | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO<620 |
<660 | |||
LTV ≤ 80% | 30% | 4% | 10% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 16% | 3% | 9% |
LTV > 100% | 14% | 3% | 11% |
Note: NM – Not meaningful. First lien mortgage table excludes loans in Canada and Puerto Rico. Table excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies and loans subject to LTSCs. Table also excludes $2.0 billion from At Origination balances and $1.0 billion from Refreshed balances for which FICO or LTV data were unavailable. Balances exclude deferred fees/costs. Refreshed FICO scores based on updated credit scores obtained from Fair Isaac Corporation. Refreshed LTV ratios are derived from data at origination updated using mainly the Case-Shiller Home Price Index or the Federal Housing Finance Agency Price Index.
Second mortgages - Loan balances. In the second lien mortgage portfolio, the majority of loans are in the higher FICO categories. The challenging economic conditions have caused a migration towards lower FICO scores and higher LTV ratios. Approximately 42% of that portfolio had refreshed loan-to-value ratios above 100%, compared to approximately 0% at origination. Approximately 18% of second lien mortgages had FICO scores less than 620 on a refreshed basis, compared to 4% at origination. Over two thirds of the second lien loans with LTV ratios greater than 100% had refreshed FICO scores greater than 660; 90+ DPD rates for this portion of the portfolio were 0.4%.
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Balances: December 31, 2009-Second Lien Mortgages
AT | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO < 620 |
ORIGINATION | <660 | ||
LTV ≤ 80% | 48% | 2% | 2% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 43% | 3% | 2% |
LTV > 100% | NM | NM | NM |
REFRESHED | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO<620 |
<660 | |||
LTV ≤ 80% | 23% | 1% | 3% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 23% | 2% | 5% |
LTV > 100% | 29% | 4% | 10% |
Note: NM-Not meaningful. Second lien mortgage table excludes loans in Canada and Puerto Rico. Table excludes loans subject to LTSCs. Table also excludes $1.7 billion from At Origination balances and $0.8 billion from Refreshed balances for which FICO or LTV data were unavailable. Refreshed FICO scores, based on updated credit scores obtained from Fair Isaac Corporation. Refreshed LTV ratios are derived from data at origination updated using mainly the Case-Shiller Home Price Index or the Federal Housing Finance Agency Price Index.
Delinquencies
The tables below provide delinquency
statistics for loans 90+DPD, as a percentage of outstandings in each of the
FICO/LTV combinations, in both the first lien and second lien mortgage
portfolios. For example, loans with FICO ≥ 660 and LTV ≤ 80% at
origination have a 90+DPD rate of 7.9%.
Loans with FICO scores of less than
620 exhibit significantly higher delinquencies than in any other FICO band.
Similarly, loans with LTVs greater than 100% have higher delinquencies than LTVs
of less than or equal to 100%.
The first mortgage delinquencies continued to
rise during 2009. Further breakout of the FICO below 620 segment indicates that
delinquencies in this segment, on a refreshed basis, are about three times
higher than in the overall first mortgage portfolio.
Delinquencies: 90+DPD Rates-First Lien Mortgages
AT | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO < 620 |
ORIGINATION | <660 | ||
LTV ≤ 80% | 7.9% | 13.1% | 14.0% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 10.2% | 17.3% | 20.7% |
LTV > 100% | NM | NM | NM |
REFRESHED | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO < 620 |
<660 | |||
LTV ≤ 80% | 0.3% | 3.8% | 18.0% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 0.8% | 8.5% | 27.3% |
LTV > 100% | 2.8% | 23.3% | 42.0% |
Note: NM-Not meaningful. 90+DPD rates are based on balances referenced in the tables above.
Delinquencies: 90+DPD Rates-Second Lien Mortgages
AT | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO < 620 |
ORIGINATION | <660 | ||
LTV ≤ 80% | 1.5% | 4.2% | 5.6% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 4.2% | 5.3% | 7.6% |
LTV > 100% | NM | NM | NM |
REFRESHED | FICO ≥ 660 | 620 ≤ FICO | FICO < 620 |
<660 | |||
LTV ≤ 80% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 8.5% |
80% < LTV ≤ 100% | 0.1% | 1.3% | 9.8% |
LTV > 100% | 0.4% | 4.5% | 19.3% |
Note: NM-Not meaningful. 90+DPD rates are based on balances referenced in the tables above.
Origination
channel, geographic distribution and origination
vintage
The
following tables detail Citi's first and second lien U.S. consumer mortgage
portfolio by origination channel, geographic distribution and origination
vintage.
By origination
channel
Citi's
U.S. consumer mortgage portfolio has been originated from three main channels:
retail, broker and correspondent.
First Lien
Mortgages: December 31, 2009
As of December 31, 2009, approximately 55% of
the first lien mortgage portfolio was originated through third-party channels.
Given that loans originated through correspondents have exhibited higher 90+DPD
delinquency rates than retail originated mortgages, Citi terminated business
with a number of correspondent sellers in 2007 and 2008. During 2008, Citi also
severed relationships with a number of brokers, only maintaining those who have
produced strong, high-quality and profitable volume. Citi has also discontinued
purchasing loans held in portfolio from correspondents and significantly reduced
bulk purchases.
CHANNELS | FIRST LIEN | CHANNEL | 90+DPD % | *FICO | *LTV |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | < 620 | > 100% | |
RETAIL | $48.2 | 44.9% | 5.1% | $14.3 | $ 9.1 |
BROKER | $19.0 | 17.7% | 11.3% | $ 3.7 | $ 5.7 |
CORRESPONDENT | $40.1 | 37.4% | 16.6% | $14.0 | $15.0 |
* Refreshed FICO
and LTV.
Note: First lien
mortgage table excludes Canada and Puerto Rico, deferred fees/costs, loans
guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies and loans subject to
LTSCs.
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For second lien mortgages, approximately 49% of the loans were originated through third-party channels. As these mortgages have demonstrated a higher incidence of delinquencies, Citi no longer originates second mortgages through third-party channels.
CHANNELS | SECOND LIEN | CHANNEL | 90+DPD% | *FICO < 620 | *LTV > 100% |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | |||
RETAIL | $25.2 | 51.0% | 1.7% | $3.9 | $6.9 |
BROKER | $12.4 | 25.0% | 3.9% | $2.2 | $6.8 |
CORRESPONDENT | $11.8 | 24.0% | 5.0% | $2.9 | $7.0 |
Note: Excludes Canada and Puerto Rico and loans subject to LTSCs.
By state
Approximately half of Citi's U.S. consumer mortgage portfolio is located
in five states: California, New York, Florida, Texas and Illinois. Those states
represent 50% of first lien mortgages and 54% of second lien
mortgages.
Florida and Illinois have above-average 90+DPD delinquency rates. Florida has 55% of its first lien mortgage portfolio with refreshed LTV>100%, compared to 28% overall for first lien mortgages. Illinois has 35% of its loan portfolio with refreshed LTV>100%. Texas, despite having 40% of its portfolio with FICO<620, has a lower delinquency rate relative to the overall portfolio. Texas has less than 0.5% of its loan portfolio with refreshed LTV>100%.
First Lien Mortgages: December 31, 2009 | |||||
STATES | FIRST LIEN | STATE | 90+DPD % | *FICO < 620 | *LTV > 100% |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | |||
CALIFORNIA | $29.6 | 27.6% | 10.4% | $ 4.8 | $12.6 |
NEW YORK | $ 8.9 | 8.3% | 7.1% | $ 1.6 | $ 0.5 |
FLORIDA | $ 6.6 | 6.2% | 18.1% | $ 2.5 | $ 3.7 |
ILLINOIS | $ 4.5 | 4.2% | 12.3% | $ 1.5 | $ 1.6 |
TEXAS | $ 4.2 | 3.9% | 6.2% | $ 1.7 | $ 0.0 |
OTHERS | $53.5 | 49.9% | 10.4% | $19.8 | $11.5 |
Note: First lien mortgage table excludes Canada and Puerto Rico, deferred fees/costs, loans guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies and loans subject to LTSCs.
In the second lien mortgage portfolio, Florida continues to experience above-average delinquencies, with approximately 72% of their loans with LTV > 100% compared to 42% overall for second lien mortgages.
Second Lien Mortgages: December 31, 2009 | |||||
STATES | SECOND LIEN | STATE | 90+DPD % | *FICO < 620 | *LTV > 100% |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | |||
CALIFORNIA | $13.7 | 27.8% | 3.4% | $1.9 | $7.3 |
NEW YORK | $ 6.6 | 13.4% | 2.0% | $0.8 | $1.1 |
FLORIDA | $ 3.2 | 6.6% | 5.4% | $0.8 | $2.3 |
ILLINOIS | $ 1.9 | 3.9% | 2.9% | $0.4 | $1.1 |
TEXAS | $ 1.4 | 2.8% | 1.5% | $0.2 | $0.0 |
OTHERS | $22.5 | 45.5% | 2.9% | $4.8 | $8.7 |
Note: Excludes Canada and Puerto Rico and loans subject to LTSCs.
For Citigroup's combined U.S. consumer mortgage portfolio (first and second lien mortgages), approximately half of the portfolio consists of 2006 and 2007 vintages, which demonstrate above-average delinquencies. In first mortgages, approximately 43% of the portfolio is of 2006 and 2007 vintages, which have 90+DPD rates well above the overall portfolio rate. In second mortgages, 62% of the portfolio is of 2006 and 2007 vintages, which again have higher delinquencies compared to the overall portfolio rate.
First Lien Mortgages: December 31, 2009 | |||||
VINTAGES | FIRST LIEN | VINTAGE | 90+DPD % | *FICO < 620 | *LTV > 100% |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | |||
2009 | $ 4.5 | 4.2% | 0.6% | $ 0.6 | $ 0.1 |
2008 | $13.8 | 12.8% | 5.5% | $ 3.0 | $ 2.1 |
2007 | $27.2 | 25.4% | 16.9% | $10.2 | $11.5 |
2006 | $19.5 | 18.1% | 14.3% | $ 6.4 | $ 8.4 |
2005 | $18.6 | 17.4% | 7.8% | $ 4.4 | $ 5.9 |
≤ 2004 | $23.7 | 22.1% | 6.9% | $ 7.4 | $ 1.8 |
Note: First lien mortgage table excludes Canada and Puerto Rico, deferred fees/costs, loans guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies and loans subject to LTSCs.
Second Lien Mortgages: December 31, 2009 | |||||
VINTAGES | SECOND LIEN | VINTAGE | 90+DPD % | *FICO < 620 | *LTV > 100% |
($ in billions) | MORTGAGES | % TOTAL | |||
2009 | $ 0.6 | 1.2% | 0.5% | $0.0 | $0.0 |
2008 | $ 4.3 | 8.7% | 1.1% | $0.6 | $0.7 |
2007 | $14.6 | 29.5% | 3.6% | $2.9 | $6.8 |
2006 | $16.1 | 32.6% | 3.7% | $3.2 | $8.4 |
2005 | $ 9.5 | 19.3% | 2.7% | $1.5 | $4.0 |
≤ 2004 | $ 4.3 | 8.6% | 1.9% | $0.7 | $0.6 |
Note: Excludes Canada and Puerto Rico and loans subject to LTSCs.
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Citi's North America cards portfolio consists of our Citi-branded and retail partner cards portfolios located in Citicorp- Regional Consumer Banking and Citi Holdings - Local Consumer Lending , respectively. As of December 31, 2009, the Citi-branded portfolio totaled approximately $83 billion while the retail partner cards portfolio was approximately $58 billion, both reported on a managed basis.
The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citigroup's North America Citi-branded and retail partner cards portfolios.
In each of the two portfolios, Citi has been actively eliminating riskier accounts and sales to mitigate losses. First, we have removed high-risk customers from the portfolio by either reducing available lines of credit or closing accounts. On a net basis, end of period open accounts are down 11% in both Citi-branded and retail partner cards versus prior-year levels. Second, Citi has improved the tools used to identify and manage exposure in each of the portfolios by targeting unique customer attributes.
In Citi's experience to date, these portfolios have significantly different characteristics:
Citi-branded cards tend to have a longer estimated account life, with higher credit lines and balances reflecting the greater utility of a multi- purpose credit card. Retail partner cards tend to have a shorter account life, with smaller credit lines and balances. The account portfolio, by nature, turns faster and the loan balances reflect more recent vintages.
As a result, loss mitigation efforts, such as stricter underwriting standards for new accounts, decreasing higher-risk credit lines, closing high-risk accounts and re-pricing, tend to affect the retail partner cards portfolio faster than the branded portfolio.
Citigroup monitors the performance of these U.S. credit card short-term and long-term modification programs by tracking cumulative loss rates by vintages (when customers enter a program) and comparing that performance with that of similar accounts whose terms were not modified. For example, for U.S. credit cards, in Citi's experience to date, at 24 months after modifying an account, Citi typically reduces credit losses by approximately one-third compared to similar accounts that were not modified. Citi has observed that this improved performance of modified loans relative to those not modified is generally greatest during the first 12 months after modification. Following that period, losses have tended to increase but typically stabilize at levels which are still below those for similar loans that were not modified, resulting in an improved cumulative loss performance. To date, Citi has tended to see that this benefit is sustained over time across our U.S. credit card portfolios.
Recognizing the impact of various forbearance programs, we are nevertheless seeing some early positive credit trends in both Citi-branded and retail partner cards. While both portfolios experienced an expected seasonal increase in 90+ day delinquencies in the fourth quarter of 2009, which we currently expect could lead to a moderate increase in net credit losses in the first quarter of 2010, earlier bucket delinquencies (30 – 89 days past due) improved on a dollar basis.
Overall, however, Citi remains cautious and currently believes that net credit losses in each of the cards portfolios will continue to remain at elevated levels and will continue to be highly dependent on the external environment and industry changes.
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Citi-Branded Cards |
Note: Includes Puerto Rico.
Retail Partners Cards |
Note: Includes Canada, Puerto Rico and Installment Lending.
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As set forth in the table below, approximately 73% of the Citi-branded portfolio had FICO credit scores of at least 660 on a refreshed basis as of December 31, 2009, while 63% of the retail partner cards portfolio had scores above 660.
Balances: December 31, 2009 | ||
Refreshed | Citi Branded | Retail Partners |
FICO ≥ 660 | 73% | 63% |
620 ≤ FICO < 660 | 11% | 13% |
FICO < 620 | 16% | 24% |
Note: Based on balances of $137 billion. Balances include interest and fees. Excludes Canada, Puerto Rico, Installment and Classified portfolios. Excludes balances where FICO was unavailable ($0.7 billion for Citi-branded, $2.1 billion for retail partners cards).
The table below provides delinquency statistics for loans 90+DPD for both the Citi-branded and retail partners cards portfolios as of December 31, 2009. Given the economic environment, customers have migrated down from higher FICO score ranges, driven by their delinquencies with Citi and/or with other creditors. As these customers roll through the delinquency buckets, they materially damage their credit score and may ultimately go to charge-off. Loans 90+DPD are more likely to be associated with low refreshed FICO scores, both because low scores are indicative of repayment risk and because their delinquency has been reported by Citigroup to the credit bureaus. Loans with FICO scores less than 620, which constitute 16% of the Citi-branded portfolio, have a 90+DPD rate of 16.9%; in the retail partner cards portfolio, loans with FICO scores less than 620 constitute 24% of the portfolio and have a 90+DPD rate of 18.0%.
90+DPD Delinquency Rate: December 31, 2009 | ||
Refreshed | Citi Branded 90+DPD% | Retail Partners 90+DPD% |
FICO ≥ 660 | 0.1% | 0.2% |
620 ≤ FICO < 660 | 0.4% | 0.7% |
FICO < 620 | 16.9% | 18.0% |
Note: Based on balances of $137 billion. Balances include interest and fees. Excludes Canada, Puerto Rico, Installment and Classified portfolios.
U.S. Installment and Other Revolving Loans
In the table below, Citi's U.S. Installment portfolio consists of consumer loans in the following businesses: Consumer Finance, Retail Banking, Auto, Student Lending and Cards. Other Revolving consists of consumer loans (Ready Credit and Checking Plus products) in the Consumer Retail Banking business. Commercial-related loans are not included.
The U.S. Installment portfolio includes $20 billion of Student Loans originated under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) where losses are substantially mitigated by federal guarantees. These loans generally have higher 90+DPD rates compared to other installment loans, but due to the federal guarantees, have lower net credit loss rates relative to other installment loans.
Approximately 43% of the Installment portfolio had FICO credit scores less than 620 on a refreshed basis. Approximately 30% of the Other Revolving portfolio is composed of loans having FICO less than 620.
Balances: December 31, 2009 | ||
Refreshed | Installment | Other Revolving |
FICO ≥ 660 | 42% | 55% |
620 ≤ FICO < 660 | 15% | 15% |
FICO < 620 | 43% | 30% |
Note: Based on balances of $54 billion for Installment and $0.9 billion for Other Revolving. Excludes Canada and Puerto Rico. Excludes balances where FICO was unavailable ($2.3 billion for Installment, $0.1 billion for Other Revolving).
The table below provides delinquency statistics for loans 90+DPD for both the Installment and Other Revolving portfolios. Loans 90+DPD are more likely to be associated with low refreshed FICO scores both because low scores are indicative of repayment risk and because their delinquency has been reported by Citigroup to the credit bureaus. On a refreshed basis, loans with FICO scores of less than 620 exhibit significantly higher delinquencies than in any other FICO band and will drive the majority of the losses.
90+DPD Delinquency Rate: December 31, 2009 | ||
Refreshed | Installment 90+DPD% | Other Revolving 90+DPD% |
FICO ≥ 660 | 0.2% | 0.0% |
620 ≤ FICO < 660 | 0.7% | 0.3% |
FICO < 620 | 6.1% | 8.3% |
Note: Based on balances of $54 billion for Installment and $0.9 billion for Other Revolving. Excludes Canada and Puerto Rico.
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Citigroup originates and funds mortgage loans. As with all other lending activity, this exposes Citigroup to several risks, including credit, liquidity and interest rate risks. To manage credit and liquidity risk, Citigroup sells most of the mortgage loans it originates, but retains the servicing rights. These sale transactions create an intangible asset referred to as mortgage servicing rights (MSRs). The fair value of this asset is primarily affected by changes in prepayments that result from shifts in mortgage interest rates. Thus, by retaining the servicing rights of sold mortgage loans, Citigroup is still exposed to interest rate risk.
In managing this risk, Citigroup hedges a significant portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative contracts, forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed securities, and purchased securities classified as trading (primarily mortgage-backed securities including principal-only strips).
Since the change in the value of these hedging instruments does not perfectly match the change in the value of the MSRs, Citigroup is still exposed to what is commonly referred to as "basis risk." Citigroup manages this risk by reviewing the mix of the various hedging instruments referred to above on a daily basis.
Citigroup's MSRs totaled $6.530 billion and $5.657 billion at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. For additional information on Citi's MSRs, see Notes 19 and 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Citigroup hedges its exposure to the change in the value of these commitments by utilizing hedging instruments similar to those referred to above.
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For corporate clients and investment banking activities across Citigroup, the credit process is grounded in a series of fundamental policies, in addition to those described under "Managing Global Risk-Risk Management-Overview," above. These include:
joint business and independent risk management responsibility for managing credit risks; a single center of control for each credit relationship that coordinates credit activities with that client;
portfolio limits to ensure diversification and maintain risk/capital alignment; a minimum of two authorized credit officer signatures required on extensions of credit, one of which must be from a credit officer in credit risk management; risk rating standards, applicable to every obligor and facility; and consistent standards for credit origination documentation and remedial management.
Corporate
Credit Portfolio
The following table
presents credit data for Citigroup's corporate loans and unfunded lending
commitments at December 31, 2009. The ratings scale is based on Citi's internal
risk ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P
and Moody's.
In millions of dollars | At December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
Recorded investment | Unfunded | ||||||||||
Corporate loans (1) | in loans | (2) | % of total | (3) | lending commitments | % of total | (3) | ||||
Investment grade (4) | $ | 91,565 | 59 | % | $ | 271,444 | 88 | % | |||
Non-investment grade (4) | |||||||||||
Noncriticized | 17,984 | 12 | 13,769 | 4 | |||||||
Criticized performing (5) | 30,873 | 20 | 19,953 | 6 | |||||||
Commercial real estate (CRE) | 6,926 | 4 | 1,872 | 1 | |||||||
Commercial and Industrial and Other | 23,947 | 16 | 18,081 | 6 | |||||||
Non-accrual (criticized) (5) | 13,545 | 9 | 2,570 | 1 | |||||||
Commercial real estate (CRE) | 4,051 | 3 | 732 | 0 | |||||||
Commercial and Industrial and Other | 9,494 | 6 | 1,838 | 1 | |||||||
Total non-investment grade | $ | 62,402 | 41 | % | $ | 36,292 | 12 | % | |||
Private Banking loans managed on a delinquency basis (4) | 14,349 | 2,451 | |||||||||
Loans at fair value | 1,405 | - | |||||||||
Total corporate loans | $ | 169,721 | $ | 310,187 | |||||||
Unearned income | (2,274 | ) | - | ||||||||
Corporate loans, net of unearned income | $ | 167,447 | $ | 310,187 |
(1) | Includes $955 million of TDRs for which concessions, such as the reduction of interest rates or the deferral of interest or principal payments, have been granted as a result of deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. Each of the borrowers is current under the restructured terms. | |
(2) | Recorded investment in a loan includes accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, unamortized premium or discount, less any direct write-downs. | |
(3) | Percentages disclosed above exclude Private Banking loans managed on a delinquency basis and loans at fair value. | |
(4) | Held-for-investment loans accounted for on an amortized cost basis. | |
(5) | Criticized exposures correspond to the "Special Mention," "Substandard" and "Doubtful" asset categories defined by banking regulatory authorities. |
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The following tables represent the corporate credit portfolio (excluding Private Banking), before consideration of collateral, by maturity at December 31, 2009. The corporate portfolio is broken out by direct outstandings that include drawn loans, overdrafts, interbank placements, bankers' acceptances, certain investment securities and leases and unfunded commitments that include unused commitments to lend, letters of credit and financial guarantees.
At December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Greater | ||||||||||||
Due | than 1 year | Greater | ||||||||||
within | but within | than | Total | |||||||||
In billions of dollars | 1 year | 5 years | 5 years | exposure | ||||||||
Direct outstandings | $ | 213 | $ | 66 | $ | 7 | $ | 286 | ||||
Unfunded lending commitments | 182 | 120 | 10 | 312 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 395 | $ | 186 | $ | 17 | $ | 598 |
At December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||
Greater | ||||||||||||
Due | than 1 year | Greater | ||||||||||
within | but within | than | Total | |||||||||
In billions of dollars | 1 year | 5 years | 5 years | exposure | ||||||||
Direct outstandings | $ | 161 | $ | 100 | $ | 9 | $ | 270 | ||||
Unfunded lending commitments | 206 | 141 | 12 | 359 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 367 | $ | 241 | $ | 21 | $ | 629 |
The corporate credit portfolio is diverse across counterparty and industry, and geography. The following table shows direct outstandings and unfunded commitments by region:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||
North America | 51 | % | 49 | % | |
EMEA | 27 | 29 | |||
Latin America | 9 | 8 | |||
Asia | 13 | 14 | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
Obligor risk ratings reflect an estimated probability of default for an obligor and are derived primarily through the use of statistical models (which are validated periodically), external rating agencies (under defined circumstances) or approved scoring methodologies. Facility risk ratings are assigned, using the obligor risk rating, and then factors that affect the loss-given default of the facility, such as support or collateral, are taken into account.With regard to climate change risk, factors evaluated include consideration of the business impact, impact of regulatory requirements, or lack thereof, and impact of physical effects on obligors and their assets.
These factors may adversely affect the ability of some obligors to perform and thus increase the risk of lending activities to these obligors. Citigroup also has incorporated climate risk assessment criteria for certain obligors, as necessary.
The following table presents the corporate credit portfolio by facility risk rating at December 31, 2009 and 2008, as a percentage of the total portfolio:
Direct outstandings and | |||||
unfunded commitments | |||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||
AAA/AA/A | 58 | % | 58 | % | |
BBB | 24 | 24 | |||
BB/B | 11 | 13 | |||
CCC or below | 7 | 5 | |||
Unrated | - | - | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The corporate credit portfolio is diversified by industry, with a concentration only in the financial sector, including banks, other financial institutions, insurance companies, investment banks and government and central banks. The following table shows the allocation of direct outstandings and unfunded commitments to industries as a percentage of the total corporate portfolio:
Direct outstandings and | |||||
unfunded commitments | |||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||
Government and central banks | 12 | % | 11 | % | |
Investment banks | 5 | 7 | |||
Banks | 9 | 6 | |||
Other financial institutions | 12 | 5 | |||
Utilities | 4 | 4 | |||
Insurance | 4 | 4 | |||
Petroleum | 4 | 4 | |||
Agriculture and food preparation | 4 | 4 | |||
Telephone and cable | 3 | 3 | |||
Industrial machinery and equipment | 2 | 3 | |||
Global information technology | 2 | 2 | |||
Chemicals | 2 | 2 | |||
Real estate | 3 | 3 | |||
Other industries (1) | 34 | 42 | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
(1) | Includes all other industries, none of which exceeds 2% of total outstandings. |
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As part of its overall risk management activities, Citigroup uses credit derivatives and other risk mitigants to hedge portions of the credit risk in its portfolio, in addition to outright asset sales. The purpose of these transactions is to transfer credit risk to third parties. The results of the mark-to-market and any realized gains or losses on credit derivatives are reflected in the Principal transactions line on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, $59.6 billion and $95.5 billion, respectively, of credit risk exposure were economically hedged. Citigroup's expected loss model used in the calculation of its loan loss reserve does not include the favorable impact of credit derivatives and other risk mitigants. In addition, the reported amounts of direct outstandings and unfunded commitments in this report do not reflect the impact of these hedging transactions. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying credit exposure with the following risk rating distribution, respectively:
Rating of Hedged Exposure
| |||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||
AAA/AA/A | 45 | % | 54 | % | |
BBB | 37 | 32 | |||
BB/B | 11 | 9 | |||
CCC or below | 7 | 5 | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying credit exposure with the following industry distribution, respectively:
Industry of Hedged Exposure
| |||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||
Utilities | 9 | % | 10 | % | |
Telephone and cable | 9 | 9 | |||
Agriculture and food preparation | 8 | 7 | |||
Petroleum | 6 | 7 | |||
Industrial machinery and equipment | 6 | 6 | |||
Insurance | 4 | 5 | |||
Chemicals | 8 | 5 | |||
Retail | 4 | 5 | |||
Other financial institutions | 4 | 4 | |||
Autos | 6 | 4 | |||
Pharmaceuticals | 5 | 4 | |||
Natural gas distribution | 3 | 4 | |||
Global information technology | 3 | 4 | |||
Metals | 4 | 3 | |||
Other industries (1) | 21 | 23 | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
(1) | Includes all other industries, none of which is greater than 2% of the total hedged amount. |
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The following table summarizes Citigroup's U.S. subprime-related direct exposures in Citi Holdings- SAP at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
2009 | ||||||||||||
Dec. 31, 2008 | write-ups | 2009 | Dec. 31, 2009 | |||||||||
In billions of dollars | exposures | (downs) | (1) | other | (2) | exposures | ||||||
Direct ABS CDO super-senior exposures: | ||||||||||||
Gross ABS CDO super-senior exposures (A) | $ | 18.9 | $ | 13.3 | ||||||||
Hedged exposures (B) | 6.9 | 5.9 | ||||||||||
Net ABS CDO super-senior exposures: | ||||||||||||
ABCP/CDO (3) | 9.9 | $ | 0.6 | $ | (3.6 | ) | 7.0 | |||||
High grade | 0.8 | 0.3 | (1.0 | ) | 0.1 | |||||||
Mezzanine | 1.3 | - | (4) | (1.0 | ) | 0.3 | ||||||
Total net ABS CDO super-senior exposures (A-B=C) | $ | 12.0 | $ | 0.9 | $ | (5.6 | ) (4) | $ | 7.4 | |||
Lending and structuring exposures (D) | $ | 2.0 | $ | (0.1 | ) | $ | (0.9 | ) | $ | 1.0 | ||
Total net exposures (C+D) (5) (6) | $ | 14.1 | $ | 0.8 | $ | (6.5 | ) | $ | 8.4 | |||
Credit adjustment on hedged counterparty exposures (E) (7) | $ | (1.3 | ) | |||||||||
Total net write-ups (downs) (C+D+E) | $ | (0.5 | ) |
Note: Table may not foot or cross-foot due to rounding. | |
(1) | Includes net profits and losses associated with liquidations. |
(2) | Reflects sales, transfers and repayment or liquidations of principal. |
(3) | Consists of older-vintage, high-grade ABS CDOs. |
(4) | A portion of the underlying securities was purchased in liquidations of CDOs and reported as Trading account assets . As of December 31, 2009, $235 million relating to deals liquidated was held in the trading books. |
(5) | Composed of net CDO super-senior exposures and gross lending and structuring exposures. |
(6) | This $8.4 billion in net direct exposures includes the $7.3 billion of assets reflected in the table titled "Assets Within Special Asset Pool" under "Results of Operations-Citi Holdings- Special Asset Pool " above. |
(7) | Adjustment related to counterparty credit risk. |
Citi Holdings had approximately $8.4 billion in net U.S. subprime-related
direct exposures in the SAP at December
31, 2009. The exposure consisted of (a) approximately $7.4 billion of net
exposures in the super-senior tranches (i.e., the most senior tranches) of CDOs,
which are collateralized by asset-backed securities, derivatives on asset-backed
securities, or both (ABS CDOs), and (b) approximately $1.0 billion of exposures
in its lending and structuring
business.
The SAP also has
trading positions, both long and short, in U.S. subprime RMBS and related
products, including ABS CDOs, which are not included in the figures above. The
exposure from these positions is actively managed and hedged, although the
effectiveness of the hedging products used may vary with material changes in
market conditions.
The net $7.4 billion in ABS CDO super-senior exposures as of December 31, 2009 is collateralized primarily by subprime RMBS, derivatives on RMBS, or both.
Citi Holdings' CDO super-senior subprime direct exposures are Level 3 assets. The valuation of the high-grade and mezzanine ABS CDO positions uses trader prices based on the underlying assets of each high-grade and mezzanine ABS CDO. Unlike the ABCP positions, the high-grade and
mezzanine positions are
now largely hedged through the ABX and bond short positions, which are trader
priced. This results in closer symmetry in the way these long and short
positions are valued by the business. Citi Holdings intends to use trader marks
to value this portion of the portfolio going forward so long as it remains
largely hedged.
The valuation of the ABCP positions is subject
to valuation based on significant unobservable inputs. Fair value of these
exposures is based on estimates of future cash flows from the mortgage loans
underlying the assets of the ABS CDOs. To determine the performance of the
underlying mortgage loan portfolios, Citi estimates the prepayments, defaults
and loss severities based on a number of macroeconomic factors. The model is
calibrated using available mortgage loan information including historical loan
performance. An appropriate discount rate is then applied to the cash flows
generated for each ABCP tranche, in order to estimate its fair value under
current market conditions.
The valuation as of December 31, 2009 assumes
that U.S. housing prices are unchanged in 2010, increase 1.1% in 2011, increase
1.4% in 2012, and increase 3% from 2013 onwards. The U.S. unemployment rate is
assumed to peak at 10.3% during the first half of 2010.
85
The primary drivers that currently impact the model valuations are the
discount rates used to calculate the present value of projected cash flows and
projected mortgage loan performance. Each 10-basis-point change in the discount
rate used generally results in an approximate $24 million change in the fair
value of Citi's direct ABCP exposures as of December 31,
2009.
Estimates of the fair value of the CDO super-senior exposures depend on
market conditions and are subject to further change over time. For a further
discussion of the valuation methodology and assumptions used to value direct ABS
CDO super-senior exposures to U.S. subprime mortgages, see Note 26 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
The $1.0 billion of subprime-related exposures includes approximately $0.6 billion of actively managed subprime loans purchased for resale or securitization at a discount to par during 2007 that continue to be held by SAP and approximately $0.4 billion of financing transactions with customers secured by subprime collateral, and are carried at fair value.
ICG and the SAP , through their business activities and as capital markets participants, incur exposures that are directly or indirectly tied to the commercial real estate (CRE) market. These exposures are represented primarily by the following three categories:
(1) Assets held at fair value include approximately $5.5 billion, of which approximately $4.6 billion are securities, loans and other items linked to CRE that are carried at fair value as trading account assets, and of which approximately $0.9 billion are securities backed by CRE carried at fair value as available-for-sale (AFS) investments. Changes in fair value for these trading account assets are reported in current earnings, while AFS investments are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income with other-than-temporary impairments reported in current earnings.
The majority of these exposures are classified as Level 3 in the fair
value hierarchy. Weakening activity in the trading markets for some of these
instruments resulted in reduced liquidity, thereby decreasing the observable
inputs for such valuations, and could have an adverse impact on how these
instruments are valued in the future if such conditions
persist.
(2) Assets held at amortized cost include approximately $1.8 billion of
securities classified as held-to-maturity (HTM) and $20.9 billion of loans and
commitments. The HTM securities were classified as such during the fourth
quarter of 2008 and were previously classified as either trading or AFS. They
are accounted for at amortized cost, subject to other-than-temporary impairment.
Loans and commitments are recorded at amortized cost, less loan loss reserves.
The impact from changes in credit is reflected in the calculation of the
allowance for loan losses and in net credit
losses.
(3) Equity and other
investments include
approximately $4.3 billion of equity and other investments such as limited
partner fund investments that are accounted for under the equity method, which
recognizes gains or losses based on the investor's share of the net income of
the investee.
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Citi Holdings has exposure, via the SAP , to various monoline bond insurers (Monolines), listed in the table below, from hedges on certain investments and from trading positions. The hedges are composed of credit default swaps and other hedge instruments. Citi Holdings recorded $1.3 billion
in downward credit valuation adjustments (CVA) related to exposure to Monolines during 2009, bringing the total CVA balance to $5.6 billion.
The following table summarizes the market value of Citi Holdings' direct exposures to and the corresponding notional amounts of transactions with the various Monolines, as well as the aggregate credit valuation adjustment associated with these exposures as of December 31, 2009 and 2008.
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||
Notional | Notional | |||||||||||
Fair | amount | Fair | amount | |||||||||
value | of | value | of | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | exposure | transactions | exposure | transactions | ||||||||
Direct subprime ABS CDO super senior-Ambac | $ | 4,468 | $ | 5,295 | $ | 4,461 | $ | 5,357 | ||||
Trading assets-non-subprime: | ||||||||||||
MBIA | $ | 1,939 | $ | 3,828 | $ | 1,924 | $ | 4,040 | ||||
FSA | 52 | 835 | 204 | 1,126 | ||||||||
Assured | 81 | 452 | 141 | 465 | ||||||||
Radian | 3 | 150 | 58 | 150 | ||||||||
Ambac | - | 178 | 21 | 1,106 | ||||||||
Subtotal trading assets-non-subprime | $ | 2,075 | $ | 5,443 | $ | 2,348 | $ | 6,887 | ||||
Total gross fair value direct exposure | $ | 6,543 | $ | 6,809 | ||||||||
Credit valuation adjustment | (5,580 | ) | (4,279 | ) | ||||||||
Total net fair value direct exposure | $ | 963 | $ | 2,530 |
Credit valuation adjustments are based on credit spreads and on estimates of the terms and timing of the payment obligations of the Monolines. Timing in turn depends on estimates of the performance of the transactions to which Citi's exposure relates, estimates of whether and when liquidation of such transactions may occur and other factors, each considered in the context of the terms of the Monolines' obligations.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, SAP had $5.9 billion and $6.9 billion, respectively, in notional amount of hedges against its direct subprime ABS CDO super-senior positions. Of those amounts, $5.3 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, were purchased from Monolines and are included in the notional amount of transactions in the table above.
With respect to SAP 's trading assets, there were $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion of fair value exposure to Monolines as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Trading assets include trading positions, both long and short, in U.S. subprime RMBS and related products, including ABS CDOs.
The notional amount of transactions related to the remaining non-subprime trading assets as of December 31, 2009 was $5.4 billion. Of the $5.4 billion, $4.7 billion was in the form of credit default swaps and total return swaps with a fair value exposure of $2.1 billion. The remaining notional amount comprised $0.7 billion, primarily in interest-rate swaps, with a corresponding fair value exposure of $12 million net payable.
Citigroup has purchased mortgage insurance from various Monoline mortgage insurers on first-mortgage loans. The notional amount of this insurance protection was approximately $230 million and $400 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, with nominal pending claims against this notional amount.
In addition, Citigroup has indirect exposure to Monolines in various other parts of its businesses. Indirect exposure includes circumstances in which Citigroup is not a contractual counterparty to the Monolines, but instead owns securities that may benefit from embedded credit enhancements provided by a Monoline. For example, corporate or municipal bonds in the trading business may be insured by the Monolines. The table and discussion above do not reflect this type of indirect exposure to the Monolines.
87
Highly leveraged financing commitments are agreements that provide funding to a borrower with higher levels of debt (measured by the ratio of debt capital to equity capital of the borrower) than is generally the case for other companies. In recent years through mid-2008, highly leveraged financing had been commonly employed in corporate acquisitions, management buy-outs and similar transactions.
In these financings, debt service (that is, principal and interest payments) absorbs a significant portion of the cash flows generated by the borrower's business. Consequently, the risk that the borrower may not be able to meet its debt obligations is greater. Due to this risk, the interest rates and fees charged for this type of financing are generally higher than for other types of financing.
Prior to funding, highly leveraged financing commitments are assessed for impairment and losses are recorded when they are probable and reasonably estimable. For the portion of loan commitments that relates to loans that will be held for investment, loss estimates are made based on the borrower's ability to repay the facility according to its contractual terms. For the portion of loan commitments that relates to loans that will be held-for-sale, loss estimates are made in reference to current conditions in the resale market (both interest rate risk and credit risk are considered in the estimate). Loan origination, commitment, underwriting and other fees are netted against any recorded losses.
Citigroup generally manages the risk associated with highly leveraged financings it has entered into by seeking to sell a majority of its exposures to the market prior to or shortly after funding. In certain cases, all or a portion of a highly leveraged financing to be retained is hedged with credit derivatives or other hedging instruments. Thus, when a highly leveraged financing is funded, Citigroup records the resulting loan as follows:
the portion that Citigroup will seek to sell is recorded as a loan held-for- sale in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and measured at the lower of cost or market; and the portion that will be retained is recorded as a loan held-for-investment in Loans and measured at amortized cost less a reserve for loan losses.
Due to the dislocation of the credit markets and the reduced market interest in higher-risk/higher-yield instruments since the latter half of 2007, liquidity in the market for highly leveraged financings has been limited. This has resulted in Citi's recording pretax write-downs on funded and unfunded highly leveraged finance exposures of $521 million in 2009 and $4.9 billion in 2008.
In 2008, Citigroup completed the transfer of approximately $12.0 billion of loans to third parties, of which $8.5 billion relates to highly leveraged loan commitments. In these transactions, the third parties purchased subordinate interests backed by the transferred loans. These subordinate interests absorb first loss on the transferred loans and provide the third parties with control of the loans. Citigroup retained senior debt securities backed by the transferred loans. These transactions were accounted for as sales of the transferred loans. The loans were removed from the balance sheet and the retained securities are classified as AFS securities on Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In addition, Citigroup purchased protection on the senior debt securities from the third-party subordinate interest holders via total return swaps (TRS). The counterparty credit risk in the TRS is protected through margin agreements that provide for both initial margin and additional margin at specified triggers. Due to the initial cash margin received, the existing margin requirements on the TRS, and the substantive subordinate investments made by third parties, Citi believes that the transactions largely mitigate Citi's risk related to the transferred loans.
Citigroup's sole remaining exposure to the transferred loans are the senior debt securities, which have an amortized cost basis and fair value of $7.0 billion at December 31, 2009. The change in the value of the retained senior debt securities that are classified as AFS securities are recorded in AOCI as they are deemed temporary. The offsetting change in the TRS are recorded as cash flow hedges within AOCI. See Notes 16 and 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
88
MARKET RISK
Market risk encompasses
liquidity risk and price risk, both of which arise in the normal course of
business of a global financial intermediary. Liquidity risk is the risk that an
entity may be unable to meet a financial commitment to a customer, creditor, or
investor when due. See "Capital Resources and Liquidity" for further
discussion.
Price risk is the earnings risk from changes
in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and equity and commodity prices, and
in their implied volatilities. Price risk arises in non-trading portfolios, as
well as in trading portfolios.
Market risks are measured in accordance with
established standards to ensure consistency across businesses and the ability to
aggregate risk. Each business is required to establish, with approval from
independent market risk management, a market risk limit framework for identified
risk factors that clearly defines approved risk profiles and is within the
parameters of Citigroup's overall risk appetite. In all cases, the businesses
are ultimately responsible for the market risks they take and for remaining
within their defined limits.
One of Citigroup's primary business functions is providing financial products that meet the needs of its customers. Loans and deposits are tailored to the customers' requirements with regard to tenor, index (if applicable), and rate type. Net interest revenue (NIR) is the difference between the yield earned on the non-trading portfolio assets (including customer loans) and the rate paid on the liabilities (including customer deposits or company borrowings). NIR is affected by changes in the level of interest rates. For example:
At any given time, there may be an unequal amount of assets and liabilities that are subject to market rates due to maturation or repricing. Whenever the amount of liabilities subject to repricing exceeds the amount of assets subject to repricing, a company is considered "liability sensitive." In this case, a company's NIR will deteriorate in a rising rate environment. The assets and liabilities of a company may reprice at different speeds or mature at different times, subjecting both "liability-sensitive" and "asset- sensitive" companies to NIR sensitivity from changing interest rates. For example, a company may have a large amount of loans that are subject to repricing in the current period, but the majority of deposits are not scheduled for repricing until the following period. That company would suffer from NIR deterioration if interest rates were to fall.
NIR in the current period is the result of customer transactions and the
related contractual rates originated in prior periods as well as new
transactions in the current period; those prior-period transactions will be
impacted by changes in rates on floating-rate assets and liabilities in the
current period.
Due to the long-term nature of portfolios, NIR
will vary from quarter to quarter even assuming no change in the shape or level
of the yield curve as assets and liabilities reprice. These repricings are a
function of implied forward interest rates, which represent the overall market's
estimate of future interest rates and incorporate possible changes in the
Federal Funds rate as well as the shape of the yield curve.
The risks in Citigroup's non-traded portfolios are estimated using a common set of standards that define, measure, limit and report the market risk. Each business is required to establish, with approval from independent market risk management, a market risk limit framework that clearly defines approved risk profiles and is within the parameters of Citigroup's overall risk appetite. In all cases, the businesses are ultimately responsible for the market risks they take and for remaining within their defined limits. These limits are monitored by independent market risk, country and business Asset and Liability Committees (ALCOs) and the Global Finance and Asset and Liability Committee (FinALCO).
Citigroup's principal measure of risk to NIR is interest rate exposure (IRE). IRE measures the change in expected NIR in each currency resulting solely from unanticipated changes in forward interest rates. Factors such as changes in volumes, spreads, margins and the impact of prior-period pricing decisions are not captured by IRE. IRE assumes that businesses make no additional changes in pricing or balances in response to the unanticipated rate changes.
IRE tests the impact on NIR resulting from unanticipated changes in forward interest rates. For example, if the current 90-day LIBOR rate is 3% and the one-year-forward rate is 5% (i.e., the estimated 90-day LIBOR rate in one year), the +100 bps IRE scenario measures the impact on the company's NIR of a 100 bps instantaneous change in the 90-day LIBOR to 6% in one year.
The impact of changing prepayment rates on loan portfolios is incorporated into the results. For example, in the declining interest rate scenarios, it is assumed that mortgage portfolios prepay faster and income is reduced. In addition, in a rising interest rate scenario, portions of the deposit portfolio are assumed to experience rate increases that may be less than the change in market interest rates.
Financial institutions' financial performance is subject to some degree of risk due to changes in interest rates. In order to manage these risks effectively, Citigroup may modify pricing on new customer loans and deposits, enter into transactions with other institutions or enter into off-balance-sheet derivative transactions that have the opposite risk exposures. Therefore, Citigroup regularly assesses the viability of strategies to reduce unacceptable risks to earnings and implements such strategies when it believes those actions are prudent. As information becomes available, Citigroup formulates strategies aimed at protecting earnings from the potential negative effects of changes in interest rates.
Citigroup employs additional measurements, including stress testing the impact of non-linear interest rate movements on the value of the balance sheet; the analysis of portfolio duration and volatility, particularly as they relate to mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities; and the potential impact of the change in the spread between different market indices.
89
The exposures in the following table represent the approximate annualized risk to NIR assuming an unanticipated parallel instantaneous 100 bps change, as well as a more gradual 100 bps (25 bps per quarter) parallel change in rates compared with the market forward interest rates in selected currencies.
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Increase | Decrease | Increase | Decrease | |||||||||
U.S. dollar | |||||||||||||
Instantaneous change | |||||||||||||
Gross IRE | $ | (1,194 | ) | $ | 1,473 | $ | (801 | ) | $ | 391 | |||
Less: ICG trading | 336 | (350 | ) | 563 | (465 | ) | |||||||
Net non-trading IRE | $ | (859 | ) | $ | 1,123 | $ | (238 | ) | $ | (74 | ) | ||
Gradual change | |||||||||||||
Gross IRE | $ | (565 | ) | $ | 872 | $ | (456 | ) | $ | 81 | |||
Less: ICG trading | 105 | (164 | ) | 281 | (308 | ) | |||||||
Net non-trading IRE | $ | (460 | ) | $ | 708 | $ | (175 | ) | $ | (227 | ) | ||
Mexican peso | |||||||||||||
Instantaneous change | $ | 50 | $ | (50 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | 18 | |||
Gradual change | $ | 26 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | $ | 14 | |||
Euro | |||||||||||||
Instantaneous change | $ | (139 | ) | $ | 87 | $ | (56 | ) | $ | 57 | |||
Gradual change | $ | (89 | ) | $ | 89 | $ | (43 | ) | $ | 43 | |||
Japanese yen | |||||||||||||
Instantaneous change | $ | 213 | NM | $ | 172 | NM | |||||||
Gradual change | $ | 124 | NM | $ | 51 | NM | |||||||
Pound sterling | |||||||||||||
Instantaneous change | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 15 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 1 | |||
Gradual change | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | - |
NM | Not meaningful. A 100 bps decrease in interest rates would imply negative rates for the Japanese yen yield curve. |
Certain trading-oriented businesses within Citi have accrual-accounted positions that are hedged with mark-to-market positions. If the economic impact of these offsetting positions is included, Citi's 12-month exposure to a 100 bps instantaneous rise in interest rates is reduced from $(1,194) million to $(731) million. The changes in the U.S. dollar IRE from the prior year reflect changes in the customer-related asset and liability mix, the expected impact of market rates on customer behavior and Citigroup's view of prevailing interest rates.
The following table shows the risk to NIR from six different changes in the implied-forward rates. Each scenario assumes that the rate change will occur on a gradual basis every three months over the course of one year.
Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3 | Scenario 4 | Scenario 5 | Scenario 6 | ||||||||||||||
Overnight rate change (bps) | - | 100 | 200 | (200 | ) | (100 | ) | - | |||||||||||
10-year rate change (bps) | (100 | ) | - | 100 | (100 | ) | - | 100 | |||||||||||
Impact to net interest revenue (in millions of dollars) | $ | 199 | $ | (502 | ) | $ | (1,161 | ) | $ | 560 | $ | 464 | $ | (42 | ) |
90
Trading
Portfolios
Price
risk in trading portfolios is monitored using a series of measures, including:
Factor sensitivities are expressed as the change in the value of a
position for a defined change in a market risk factor, such as a change in the
value of a Treasury bill for a one-basis-point change in interest rates.
Citigroup's independent market risk management ensures that factor sensitivities
are calculated, monitored and, in most cases, limited, for all relevant risks
taken in a trading
portfolio.
VAR estimates the potential decline in the
value of a position or a portfolio under normal market conditions. The VAR
method incorporates the factor sensitivities of the trading portfolio with the
volatilities and correlations of those factors and is expressed as the risk to
Citigroup over a one-day holding period, at a 99% confidence level. Citigroup's
VAR is based on the volatilities of and correlations among a multitude of market
risk factors as well as factors that track the specific issuer risk in debt and
equity securities.
Stress testing is performed on trading
portfolios on a regular basis to estimate the impact of extreme market
movements. It is performed on
both individual trading
portfolios, and on aggregations of portfolios and businesses. Independent market
risk management, in conjunction with the businesses, develops stress scenarios,
reviews the output of periodic stress-testing exercises, and uses the
information to make judgments as to the ongoing appropriateness of exposure
levels and limits.
Each trading portfolio has its own market risk
limit framework encompassing these measures and other controls, including
permitted product lists and a new product approval process for complex
products.
Total revenues of the trading
business consist of:
All trading positions are marked-to-market, with the result reflected in earnings. In 2009, negative trading-related revenue (net losses) was recorded for 58 of 260 trading days. Of the 58 days on which negative revenue (net losses) was recorded, two days were greater than $400 million. The following histogram of total daily revenue or loss captures trading volatility and shows the number of days in which Citigroup's trading-related revenues fell within particular ranges.
Histogram of Daily-Trading Related Revenue - 12 Months Ended
December 31, 2009
Revenues (in millions of dollars)
Citigroup periodically performs extensive back-testing of many hypothetical test portfolios as one check of the accuracy of its VAR. Back-testing is the process in which the daily VAR of a portfolio is compared to the actual daily change in the market value of its transactions. Back-testing is conducted
to confirm that the daily market value losses in excess of a 99% confidence level occur, on average, only 1% of the time. The VAR calculation for the hypothetical test portfolios, with different degrees of risk concentration, meets this statistical criteria.
91
The level of price risk exposure at any given point in time depends on
the market environment and expectations of future price and market movements,
and will vary from period to
period.
For Citigroup's major trading centers, the
aggregate pretax VAR in the trading portfolios was $205 million at December 31,
2009 and $319 million at December 31, 2008. Daily exposures averaged $266
million in 2009 and ranged from $200 million to $335
million.
The following table summarizes VAR to
Citigroup in the trading portfolios as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, including
the total VAR, the specific risk-only component of VAR, and total-general market
factors only, along with the yearly averages:
Dec. 31, | 2009 | Dec. 31, | 2008 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | average | 2008 | average | ||||||||
Interest rate | $ | 191 | $ | 235 | $ | 320 | $ | 280 | ||||
Foreign exchange | 45 | 65 | 118 | 54 | ||||||||
Equity | 69 | 79 | 84 | 99 | ||||||||
Commodity | 18 | 34 | 15 | 34 | ||||||||
Covariance adjustment | (118 | ) | (147 | ) | (218 | ) | (175 | ) | ||||
Total-all market | ||||||||||||
risk factors, | ||||||||||||
including general | ||||||||||||
and specific risk | $ | 205 | $ | 266 | $ | 319 | $ | 292 | ||||
Specific risk-only | ||||||||||||
component | $ | 20 | $ | 20 | $ | 8 | $ | 21 | ||||
Total-general | ||||||||||||
market factors only | $ | 185 | $ | 246 | $ | 311 | $ | 271 |
VAR reflects the divestiture of Phibro LLC as of December 31, 2009 (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The specific risk-only component represents the level of equity and debt issuer-specific risk embedded in VAR.
The table below provides the range of VAR in each type of trading portfolio that was experienced during 2009 and 2008:
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Low | High | Low | High | |||||||
Interest rate | $ | 185 | $320 | $ | 227 | $339 | |||||
Foreign exchange | 18 | 140 | 23 | 130 | |||||||
Equity | 46 | 167 | 58 | 235 | |||||||
Commodity | 12 | 50 | 12 | 60 |
The following table provides the VAR for Citicorp's Securities and Banking business ( ICG Citicorp VAR, which excludes Consumer) during 2009:
In millions of dollars | December 31, 2009 | |
Total-all market | ||
risk factors, | ||
including general | ||
and specific risk | $163 | |
Average-during year | 180 | |
High-during year | 247 | |
Low-during year | 144 |
92
Interest Revenue/Expense and Yields
Average Rates-Interest Revenue, Interest Expense and Net Interest Margin |
Change | Change | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | 2007 | (1) | 2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | ||||||
Interest revenue (2) | $ | 76,635 | $ | 106,499 | $ | 121,347 | (28 | )% | (12 | )% | |||
Interest expense (3) | 27,721 | 52,750 | 75,958 | (47 | ) | (31 | ) | ||||||
Net interest revenue (2) (3) | $ | 48,914 | $ | 53,749 | $ | 45,389 | (9 | )% | 18 | % | |||
Interest revenue-average rate | 4.75 | % | 6.13 | % | 6.47 | % | (138) | bps | (34) | bps | |||
Interest expense-average rate | 1.92 | % | 3.28 | % | 4.43 | % | (136) | bps | (115) | bps | |||
Net interest margin | 3.03 | % | 3.09 | % | 2.42 | % | (6) | bps | 67 | bps | |||
Interest-rate benchmarks: | |||||||||||||
Federal Funds rate-end of period | 0.00-0.25 | % | 0.00-0.25 | % | 4.25 | % | - | (400+) | bps | ||||
Federal Funds rate-average rate | 0.00-0.25 | % | 2.08 | % | 5.05 | % | - | (297) | bps | ||||
Two-year U.S. Treasury note-average rate | 0.96 | % | 2.01 | % | 4.36 | % | (105) | bps | (235) | bps | |||
10-year U.S. Treasury note-average rate | 3.26 | % | 3.66 | % | 4.63 | % | (40) | bps | (97) | bps | |||
10-year vs. two-year spread | 230 | bps | 165 | bps | 27 | bps |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation and to exclude discontinued operations. | |
(2) | Excludes taxable equivalent adjustments (based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%) of $752 million, $323 million, and $125 million for 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. | |
(3) | Excludes expenses associated with hybrid financial instruments and beneficial interest in consolidated VIEs. These obligations are classified as Long-term debt and accounted for at fair value with changes recorded in Principal transactions . In addition, the majority of the funding provided by Treasury to CitiCapital operations is excluded from this line. |
A significant portion of Citi's business activities are based upon gathering deposits and borrowing money and then lending or investing those funds, including market-making activities in tradable securities. Net interest margin (NIM) is calculated by dividing annualized gross interest revenue less gross interest expense by average interest earning assets.
During the second half of 2009, the yields across both the interest-earning assets as well as the interest-bearing liabilities dropped significantly from the same period in 2008. The lower asset yields more than offset the lower cost of funds, resulting in slightly lower NIM compared to the prior-year period. The narrowing of yields in Citi's asset businesses due to the continued de-risking of loan portfolios and expansion of loss mitigation efforts and the natural compression of spreads in the deposit businesses, a result of the continued low rates environment, negatively impacted NIM. The impact of these factors was reduced by the lower asset base.
93
AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES-ASSETS (1)(2)(3)(4)
Average volume | Interest revenue | % Average rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits with banks (5) | $ | 186,841 | $ | 77,200 | $ | 53,044 | $ | 1,478 | $ | 3,074 | $ | 3,097 | 0.79 | % | 3.98 | % | 5.84 | % | ||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
under agreements to resell (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 138,579 | $ | 164,732 | $ | 192,824 | $ | 1,975 | $ | 5,071 | $ | 11,728 | 1.43 | % | 3.08 | % | 6.08 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (5) | 63,909 | 73,833 | 129,301 | 1,109 | 4,079 | 6,613 | 1.74 | 5.52 | 5.11 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 202,488 | $ | 238,565 | $ | 322,125 | $ | 3,084 | $ | 9,150 | $ | 18,341 | 1.52 | % | 3.84 | % | 5.69 | % | ||||||
Trading account assets (7) (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 140,233 | $ | 221,455 | $ | 263,922 | $ | 6,844 | $ | 12,331 | $ | 13,557 | 4.88 | % | 5.57 | % | 5.14 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (5) | 126,309 | 151,071 | 171,504 | 3,879 | 5,115 | 4,917 | 3.07 | 3.39 | 2.87 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 266,542 | $ | 372,526 | $ | 435,426 | $ | 10,723 | $ | 17,446 | $ | 18,474 | 4.02 | % | 4.68 | % | 4.24 | % | ||||||
Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxable | $ | 124,404 | $ | 112,071 | $ | 136,482 | $ | 6,208 | $ | 4,846 | $ | 6,840 | 4.99 | % | 4.32 | % | 5.01 | % | ||||||
Exempt from U.S. income tax (1) | 16,489 | 13,584 | 17,796 | 864 | 613 | 909 | 5.24 | 4.51 | 5.11 | |||||||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (5) | 118,988 | 94,725 | 108,875 | 6,047 | 5,259 | 5,674 | 5.08 | 5.55 | 5.21 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 259,881 | $ | 220,380 | $ | 263,153 | $ | 13,119 | $ | 10,718 | $ | 13,423 | 5.05 | % | 4.86 | % | 5.10 | % | ||||||
Loans (net of unearned income) (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 304,976 | $ | 339,417 | $ | 336,742 | $ | 21,982 | $ | 27,456 | $ | 27,794 | 7.21 | % | 8.09 | % | 8.25 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (5) | 151,262 | 173,851 | 157,888 | 13,402 | 17,963 | 17,016 | 8.86 | 10.33 | 10.78 | |||||||||||||||
Total consumer loans | $ | 456,238 | $ | 513,268 | $ | 494,630 | $ | 35,384 | $ | 45,419 | $ | 44,810 | 7.76 | % | 8.85 | % | 9.06 | % | ||||||
Corporate loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 73,961 | $ | 77,450 | $ | 62,321 | $ | 2,709 | $ | 3,482 | $ | 5,095 | 3.66 | % | 4.50 | % | 8.18 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (5) | 116,421 | 143,806 | 153,956 | 9,364 | 13,435 | 13,296 | 8.04 | 9.34 | 8.64 | |||||||||||||||
Total corporate loans | $ | 190,382 | $ | 221,256 | $ | 216,277 | $ | 12,073 | $ | 16,917 | $ | 18,391 | 6.34 | % | 7.65 | % | 8.50 | % | ||||||
Total loans | $ | 646,620 | $ | 734,524 | $ | 710,907 | $ | 47,457 | $ | 62,336 | $ | 63,201 | 7.34 | % | 8.49 | % | 8.89 | % | ||||||
Other interest-earning assets | $ | 49,707 | $ | 94,123 | $ | 89,742 | $ | 774 | $ | 3,775 | $ | 4,811 | 1.56 | % | 4.01 | % | 5.36 | % | ||||||
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 1,612,079 | $ | 1,737,318 | $ | 1,874,397 | $ | 76,635 | $ | 106,499 | $ | 121,347 | 4.75 | % | 6.13 | % | 6.47 | % | ||||||
Non-interest-earning assets (7) | $ | 264,165 | $ | 383,150 | $ | 249,958 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets from discontinued operations | 15,137 | 47,010 | 47,177 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,891,381 | $ | 2,167,478 | $ | 2,171,532 |
(1) | Interest revenue excludes the taxable equivalent adjustments (based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%) of $752 million, $323 million, and $125 million for 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. |
(2) | Interest rates and amounts include the effects of risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories. |
(3) | Monthly or quarterly averages have been used by certain subsidiaries where daily averages are unavailable. |
(4) | Detailed average volume, interest revenue and interest expense exclude discontinued operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(5) | Average rates reflect prevailing local interest rates, including inflationary effects and monetary corrections in certain countries. |
(6) | Average volumes of securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell are reported net. However, Interest revenue is reflected gross. |
(7) | The fair value carrying amounts of derivative and foreign exchange contracts are reported in non-interest-earning assets and other non-interest-bearing liabilities. |
(8) | Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of interest revenue. Interest revenue and interest expense on cash collateral positions are reported in Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , respectively. |
(9) | Includes cash-basis loans. |
Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
94
AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES - LIABILITIES AND EQUITY, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE (1)(2)(3)(4)
Average volume | Interest expense | % Average rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Savings deposits (5) | $ | 174,260 | $ | 167,509 | $ | 154,229 | $ | 2,765 | $ | 2,921 | $ | 4,772 | 1.59 | % | 1.74 | % | 3.09 | % | ||||||
Other time deposits | 59,673 | 58,998 | 58,808 | 1,104 | 2,604 | 3,358 | 1.85 | 4.41 | 5.71 | |||||||||||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 443,601 | 473,452 | 481,874 | 6,277 | 14,746 | 20,272 | 1.42 | 3.11 | 4.21 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 677,534 | $ | 699,959 | $ | 694,911 | $ | 10,146 | $ | 20,271 | $ | 28,402 | 1.50 | % | 2.90 | % | 4.09 | % | ||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
agreements to repurchase (7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 133,375 | $ | 185,621 | $ | 244,258 | $ | 988 | $ | 5,066 | $ | 14,339 | 0.74 | % | 2.73 | % | 5.87 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 72,258 | 95,857 | 140,941 | 2,445 | 6,199 | 8,664 | 3.38 | 6.47 | 6.15 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 205,633 | $ | 281,478 | $ | 385,199 | $ | 3,433 | $ | 11,265 | $ | 23,003 | 1.67 | % | 4.00 | % | 5.97 | % | ||||||
Trading account liabilities (8) (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 22,854 | $ | 31,984 | $ | 46,383 | $ | 222 | $ | 1,107 | $ | 1,142 | 0.97 | % | 3.46 | % | 2.46 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 37,244 | 42,941 | 56,843 | 67 | 150 | 278 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.49 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 60,098 | $ | 74,925 | $ | 103,226 | $ | 289 | $ | 1,257 | $ | 1,420 | 0.48 | % | 1.68 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||||
Short-term borrowings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 123,168 | $ | 154,190 | $ | 169,457 | $ | 1,050 | $ | 3,241 | $ | 6,234 | 0.85 | % | 2.10 | % | 3.68 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 33,379 | 51,499 | 58,384 | 375 | 670 | 789 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.35 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 156,547 | $ | 205,689 | $ | 227,841 | $ | 1,425 | $ | 3,911 | $ | 7,023 | 0.91 | % | 1.90 | % | 3.08 | % | ||||||
Long-term debt (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 316,223 | $ | 311,439 | $ | 266,968 | $ | 11,347 | $ | 14,305 | $ | 14,245 | 3.59 | % | 4.59 | % | 5.34 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 29,132 | 36,981 | 35,709 | 1,081 | 1,741 | 1,865 | 3.71 | 4.71 | 5.22 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 345,355 | $ | 348,420 | $ | 302,677 | $ | 12,428 | $ | 16,046 | $ | 16,110 | 3.60 | % | 4.61 | % | 5.32 | % | ||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,445,167 | $ | 1,610,471 | $ | 1,713,854 | $ | 27,721 | $ | 52,750 | $ | 75,958 | 1.92 | % | 3.28 | % | 4.43 | % | ||||||
Demand deposits in U.S. offices | $ | 27,032 | $ | 8,308 | $ | 7,510 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities (8) | 263,296 | 381,912 | 300,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities from discontinued operations | 9,502 | 28,471 | 23,969 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 1,744,997 | $ | 2,029,162 | $ | 2,045,489 | ||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup equity (11) | $ | 144,510 | $ | 132,708 | $ | 122,823 | ||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | 1,874 | 5,608 | 3,220 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity (11) | $ | 146,384 | $ | 138,316 | $ | 126,043 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,891,381 | $ | 2,167,478 | $ | 2,171,532 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net interest revenue as a percentage of average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
interest-earning assets (12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 962,084 | $ | 1,005,414 | $ | 1,079,565 | $ | 23,956 | $ | 25,982 | $ | 22,069 | 2.49 | % | 2.58 | % | 2.04 | % | ||||||
In offices outside the U.S. (6) | 649,995 | 731,903 | 794,832 | 24,958 | 27,767 | 23,320 | 3.84 | 3.79 | 2.93 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,612,079 | $ | 1,737,317 | $ | 1,874,397 | $ | 48,914 | $ | 53,749 | $ | 45,389 | 3.03 | % | 3.09 | % | 2.42 | % |
(1) | Interest revenue excludes the taxable equivalent adjustments (based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%) of $752 million, $323 million, and $125 million for 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. |
(2) | Interest rates and amounts include the effects of risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories. |
(3) | Monthly or quarterly averages have been used by certain subsidiaries where daily averages are unavailable. |
(4) | Detailed average volume, interest revenue and interest expense exclude discontinued operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(5) | Savings deposits consist of Insured Money Market accounts, NOW accounts, and other savings deposits. The interest expense includes FDIC deposit insurance fees and charges. |
(6) | Average rates reflect prevailing local interest rates, including inflationary effects and monetary corrections in certain countries. |
(7) | Average volumes of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase are reported net. However, Interest revenue is reflected gross. |
(8) | The fair value carrying amounts of derivative and foreign exchange contracts are reported in non-interest-earning assets and other non-interest-bearing liabilities. |
(9) | Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of interest revenue. Interest revenue and interest expense on cash collateral positions are reported in Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , respectively. |
(10) | Excludes hybrid financial instruments and beneficial interests in consolidated VIEs that are classified as Long-term debt , as these obligations are accounted for at fair value with changes recorded in Principal transactions . In addition, the majority of the funding provided by Treasury to CitiCapital operations is excluded from this line. |
(11) | Includes stockholders' equity from discontinued operations. |
(12) | Includes allocations for capital and funding costs based on the location of the asset. |
Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
95
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE (1)(2)(3)
2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) | Increase (decrease) | |||||||||||||||||
due to change in: | due to change in: | |||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | Net | Average | Average | Net | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | volume | rate | change | volume | rate | change | ||||||||||||
Deposits with banks (4) | $ | 2,129 | $ | (3,725 | ) | $ | (1,596 | ) | $ | 1,146 | $ | (1,169 | ) | $ | (23 | ) | ||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or | ||||||||||||||||||
purchased under agreements to resell | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (706 | ) | $ | (2,390 | ) | $ | (3,096 | ) | $ | (1,516 | ) | $ | (5,141 | ) | $ | (6,657 | ) |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (487 | ) | (2,483 | ) | (2,970 | ) | (3,029 | ) | 495 | (2,534 | ) | |||||||
Total | $ | (1,193 | ) | $ | (4,873 | ) | $ | (6,066 | ) | $ | (4,545 | ) | $ | (4,646 | ) | $ | (9,191 | ) |
Trading account assets (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (4,105 | ) | $ | (1,382 | ) | $ | (5,487 | ) | $ | (2,302 | ) | $ | 1,076 | $ | (1,226 | ) | |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (788 | ) | (448 | ) | (1,236 | ) | (628 | ) | 826 | 198 | ||||||||
Total | $ | (4,893 | ) | $ | (1,830 | ) | $ | (6,723 | ) | $ | (2,930 | ) | $ | 1,902 | $ | (1,028 | ) | |
Investments (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 707 | $ | 906 | $ | 1,613 | $ | (1,325 | ) | $ | (965 | ) | $ | (2,290 | ) | |||
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | 1,261 | (473 | ) | 788 | (769 | ) | 354 | (415 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | 1,968 | $ | 433 | $ | 2,401 | $ | (2,094 | ) | $ | (611 | ) | $ | (2,705 | ) | |||
Loans-consumer | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (2,640 | ) | $ | (2,834 | ) | $ | (5,474 | ) | $ | 220 | $ | (558 | ) | $ | (338 | ) | |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (2,175 | ) | (2,386 | ) | (4,561 | ) | 1,670 | (723 | ) | 947 | ||||||||
Total | $ | (4,815 | ) | $ | (5,220 | ) | $ | (10,035 | ) | $ | 1,890 | $ | (1,281 | ) | $ | 609 | ||
Loans-corporate | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (151 | ) | $ | (622 | ) | $ | (773 | ) | $ | 1,042 | $ | (2,655 | ) | $ | (1,613 | ) | |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (2,353 | ) | (1,718 | ) | (4,071 | ) | (909 | ) | 1,048 | 139 | ||||||||
Total | $ | (2,504 | ) | $ | (2,340 | ) | $ | (4,844 | ) | $ | 133 | $ | (1,607 | ) | $ | (1,474 | ) | |
Total loans | $ | (7,319 | ) | $ | (7,560 | ) | $ | (14,879 | ) | $ | 2,023 | $ | (2,888 | ) | $ | (865 | ) | |
Other interest-earning assets | $ | (1,307 | ) | $ | (1,694 | ) | $ | (3,001 | ) | $ | 225 | $ | (1,261 | ) | $ | (1,036 | ) | |
Total interest revenue | $ | (10,615 | ) | $ | (19,249 | ) | $ | (29,864 | ) | $ | (6,175 | ) | $ | (8,673 | ) | $ | (14,848 | ) |
(1) | The taxable equivalent adjustment is based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% and is excluded from this presentation. |
(2) | Rate/volume variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total net change. |
(3) | Detailed average volume, interest revenue and interest expense exclude discontinued operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(4) | Changes in average rates reflect changes in prevailing local interest rates, including inflationary effects and monetary corrections in certain countries. |
(5) | Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of interest revenue. Interest revenue and interest expense on cash collateral positions are reported in Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , respectively. |
96
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST EXPENSE AND NET INTEREST REVENUE (1)(2)(3)
2009 vs. 2008 | 2008 vs. 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) | Increase (decrease) | |||||||||||||||||
due to change in: | due to change in: | |||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | Net | Average | Average | Net | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | volume | rate | change | volume | rate | change | ||||||||||||
Deposits | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 176 | $ | (1,832 | ) | $ | (1,656 | ) | $ | 486 | $ | (3,091 | ) | $ | (2,605 | ) | ||
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (877 | ) | (7,592 | ) | (8,469 | ) | (349 | ) | (5,177 | ) | (5,526 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | (701 | ) | $ | (9,424 | ) | $ | (10,125 | ) | $ | 137 | $ | (8,268 | ) | $ | (8,131 | ) | |
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned | ||||||||||||||||||
or sold under agreements to repurchase | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (1,136 | ) | $ | (2,942 | ) | $ | (4,078 | ) | $ | (2,872 | ) | $ | (6,401 | ) | $ | (9,273 | ) |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (1,279 | ) | (2,475 | ) | (3,754 | ) | (2,895 | ) | 430 | (2,465 | ) | |||||||
Total | $ | (2,415 | ) | $ | (5,417 | ) | $ | (7,832 | ) | $ | (5,767 | ) | $ | (5,971 | ) | $ | (11,738 | ) |
Trading account liabilities (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (251 | ) | $ | (634 | ) | $ | (885 | ) | $ | (417 | ) | $ | 382 | $ | (35 | ) | |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (18 | ) | (65 | ) | (83 | ) | (59 | ) | (69 | ) | (128 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | (269 | ) | $ | (699 | ) | $ | (968 | ) | $ | (476 | ) | $ | 313 | $ | (163 | ) | |
Short-term borrowings | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | (554 | ) | $ | (1,637 | ) | $ | (2,191 | ) | $ | (520 | ) | $ | (2,473 | ) | $ | (2,993 | ) |
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (213 | ) | (82 | ) | (295 | ) | (90 | ) | (29 | ) | (119 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | (767 | ) | $ | (1,719 | ) | $ | (2,486 | ) | $ | (610 | ) | $ | (2,502 | ) | $ | (3,112 | ) |
Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||
In U.S. offices | $ | 217 | $ | (3,175 | ) | $ | (2,958 | ) | $ | 2,193 | $ | (2,133 | ) | $ | 60 | |||
In offices outside the U.S. (4) | (331 | ) | (329 | ) | (660 | ) | 65 | (189 | ) | (124 | ) | |||||||
Total | $ | (114 | ) | $ | (3,504 | ) | $ | (3,618 | ) | $ | 2,258 | $ | (2,322 | ) | $ | (64 | ) | |
Total interest expense | $ | (4,266 | ) | $ | (20,763 | ) | $ | (25,029 | ) | $ | (4,458 | ) | $ | (18,750 | ) | $ | (23,208 | ) |
Net interest revenue | $ | (6,349 | ) | $ | 1,514 | $ | (4,835 | ) | $ | (1,717 | ) | $ | 10,077 | $ | 8,360 |
(1) | The taxable equivalent adjustment is based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% and is excluded from this presentation. |
(2) | Rate/volume variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total net change. |
(3) | Detailed average volume, interest revenue and interest expense exclude discontinued operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(4) | Changes in average rates reflect changes in prevailing local interest rates, including inflationary effects and monetary corrections in certain countries. |
(5) | Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of interest revenue. Interest revenue and interest expense on cash collateral positions are reported in Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , respectively. |
97
OPERATIONAL RISK
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting
from inadequate or failed internal processes, systems or human factors, or from
external events. It includes the reputation and franchise risk associated with
business practices or market conduct in which Citi is involved. Operational risk
is inherent in Citigroup's global business activities and, as with other risk
types, is managed through an overall framework designed to balance strong
corporate oversight with well-defined independent risk management. This
framework includes:
The goal is to keep operational risk at appropriate levels relative to the characteristics of Citigroup's businesses, the markets in which the company operates its capital and liquidity, and the competitive, economic and regulatory environment. Notwithstanding these controls, Citigroup incurs operational losses.
Framework
To monitor, mitigate and control operational
risk, Citigroup maintains a system of comprehensive policies and has established
a consistent, value-added framework for assessing and communicating operational
risk and the overall effectiveness of the internal control environment across
Citigroup. An Operational Risk Council provides oversight for operational risk
across Citigroup. The Council's membership includes senior members of the Chief
Risk Officer's organization covering multiple dimensions of risk management with
representatives of the Business and Regional Chief Risk Officers' organizations
and the Business Management Group. The Council's focus is on further advancing
operational risk management at Citigroup with a focus on proactive
identification and mitigation of operational risk and related incidents. The
Council works with the business segments and the control functions to help
ensure a transparent, consistent and comprehensive framework for managing
operational risk globally.
Each major business segment must implement an
operational risk process consistent with the requirements of this framework. The
process for operational risk management includes the following steps:
The operational risk standards facilitate the effective communication and mitigation of operational risk both within and across businesses. As new products and business activities are developed, processes are designed, modified or sourced through alternative means and operational risks are considered. Information about the businesses' operational risk, historical
losses, and the control environment is reported by each major business segment and functional area, and is summarized and reported to senior management as well as the Risk Management and Finance Committee of Citi's Board of Directors and the full Board of Directors.
Measurement
and Basel II
To
support advanced capital modeling and management, the businesses are required to
capture relevant operational risk capital information. An enhanced version of
the risk capital model for operational risk has been developed and implemented
across the major business segments as a step toward readiness for Basel II
capital calculations. The risk capital calculation is designed to qualify as an
"Advanced Measurement Approach" under Basel II. It uses a combination of
internal and external loss data to support statistical modeling of capital
requirement estimates, which are then adjusted to reflect qualitative data
regarding the operational risk and control environment.
Information
Security and Continuity of Business
Information security and the protection of
confidential and sensitive customer data are a priority for Citigroup. Citi has
implemented an Information Security Program that complies with the
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and other regulatory guidance. The Information Security
Program is reviewed and enhanced periodically to address emerging threats to
customers' information.
The Corporate Office of Business Continuity,
with the support of senior management, continues to coordinate global
preparedness and mitigate business continuity risks by reviewing and testing
recovery procedures.
98
COUNTRY AND FFIEC CROSS-BORDER RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Country
Risk
Country
risk is the risk that an event in a foreign country will impair the value of
Citigroup assets or will adversely affect the ability of obligors within that
country to honor their obligations to Citigroup. Country risk events may include
sovereign defaults, banking or currency crises, social instability, and changes
in governmental policies (for example, expropriation, nationalization,
confiscation of assets and other changes in legislation relating to
international ownership). Country risk includes local franchise risk, credit
risk, market risk, operational risk and cross-border
risk.
The country risk management framework at
Citigroup includes a number of tools and management processes designed to
facilitate the ongoing analysis of individual countries and their risks. These
include country risk rating models, scenario planning and stress testing,
internal watch lists, and the Country Risk Committee
process.
The Citigroup Country Risk Committee is the
senior forum to evaluate Citi's total business footprint within a specific
country franchise with emphasis on responses to current potential country risk
events. The Committee is chaired by the Head of Global Country Risk Management
and includes as its members senior risk management officers, senior regional
business heads, and senior product heads. The Committee regularly reviews all
risk exposures within a country, makes recommendations as to actions, and
follows up to ensure appropriate accountability.
Cross-Border Risk
Cross-border risk is the risk that actions
taken by a non-U.S. government may prevent the conversion of local currency into
non-local currency and/ or the transfer of funds outside the country, among
other risks, thereby impacting the ability of Citigroup and its customers
to transact business across borders. Examples of cross-border risk include
actions taken by foreign governments such as
exchange controls, debt
moratoria, or restrictions on the remittance of funds. These actions might
restrict the transfer of funds or the ability of Citigroup to obtain payment
from customers on their contractual obligations. See Note 32 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for a recent example of this
risk.
Management oversight of cross-border risk is performed through a formal
review process that includes annual setting of cross-border limits and ongoing
monitoring of cross-border exposures, as well as monitoring of economic
conditions globally and the establishment of internal cross-border risk
management policies.
Under Federal Financial Institutions
Examination Council (FFIEC) regulatory guidelines, total reported cross-border
outstandings include cross-border claims on third parties, as well as
investments in and funding of local franchises. Cross-border claims on third
parties (trade and short-, medium- and long-term claims) include cross-border
loans, securities, deposits with banks, investments in affiliates, and other
monetary assets, as well as net revaluation gains on foreign exchange and
derivative products.
Cross-border outstandings are reported based
on the country of the obligor or guarantor. Outstandings backed by cash
collateral are assigned to the country in which the collateral is held. For
securities received as collateral, cross-border outstandings are reported in the
domicile of the issuer of the securities. Cross-border resale agreements are
presented based on the domicile of the counterparty in accordance with FFIEC
guidelines.
Investments in and funding of local franchises
represent the excess of local country assets over local country liabilities.
Local country assets are claims on local residents recorded by branches and
majority-owned subsidiaries of Citigroup domiciled in the country, adjusted for
externally guaranteed claims and certain collateral. Local country liabilities
are obligations of non-U.S. branches and majority-owned subsidiaries of
Citigroup for which no cross-border guarantee has been issued by another
Citigroup office.
COUNTRY AND CROSS-BORDER
RISK
The table below
shows all countries where total Federal Financial Institutions Examination
Council (FFIEC) cross-border outstandings exceed 0.75% of total Citigroup
assets:
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-Border Claims on Third Parties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading | Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
and | in and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
short- | funding of | Total | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
term | local | cross-border | cross-border | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In billions of dollars | Banks | Public | Private | Total | claims | franchises | (1) | outstandings | Commitments | (2) | outstandings | Commitments | (2) | ||||||||||||||||
France | $ | 11.4 | $ | 10.9 | $ | 10.4 | $ | 32.7 | $ | 22.8 | - | $32.7 | $ 68.5 | $21.4 | $66.4 | ||||||||||||||
Germany | 9.6 | 9.2 | 5.9 | 24.7 | 17.7 | 3.8 | 28.5 | 53.1 | 29.9 | 48.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
India | 1.7 | 0.4 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 15.8 | 28.0 | 1.8 | 28.0 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
South Korea | 1.1 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 22.1 | 14.4 | 22.0 | 15.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Italy | 0.9 | 15.9 | 3.0 | 19.8 | 13.6 | 1.9 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 14.7 | 20.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Netherlands | 7.0 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 20.3 | 13.0 | - | 20.3 | 65.7 | 17.7 | 67.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Japan | 11.2 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 4.1 | 18.8 | 26.3 | 4.3 | 31.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cayman Islands | 0.2 | - | 16.5 | 16.7 | 15.2 | - | 16.7 | 6.1 | 22.1 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom | 6.5 | 0.2 | 9.8 | 16.5 | 13.6 | - | 16.5 | 140.2 | 26.3 | 128.3 |
(1) | Included in total cross-border claims on third parties. | |
(2) | Commitments (not included in total cross-border outstandings) include legally binding cross-border letters of credit and other commitments and contingencies as defined by the FFIEC. Effective March 31, 2006, the FFIEC revised the definition of commitments to include commitments to local residents to be funded with local currency local liabilities. |
99
DERIVATIVES
See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion and disclosures relate to Citigroup's derivative activities. The following discussions relate to the Derivative Obligor Information, the Fair Valuation for Derivatives and Credit Derivatives activities.
Derivative
Obligor Information
The following table presents the global derivatives portfolio by internal
obligor credit rating at December 31, 2009 and 2008, as a percentage of credit
exposure:
December 31, | December 31, | |||
2009 | 2008 | |||
AAA/AA/A | 68 | % | 68 | % |
BBB | 17 | 20 | ||
BB/B | 8 | 7 | ||
CCC or below | 7 | 5 | ||
Unrated | - | - | ||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The following table presents the global derivatives portfolio by industry of the obligor as a percentage of credit exposure:
December 31, | December 31, | |||
2009 | 2008 | |||
Financial institutions | 64 | % | 73 | % |
Governments | 8 | 7 | ||
Corporations | 28 | 20 | ||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
Fair
Valuation Adjustments for Derivatives
The fair value adjustments applied by
Citigroup to its derivative carrying values consist of the following
items:
Citigroup CVA methodology comprises two steps. First, the exposure
profile for each counterparty is determined using the terms of all individual
derivative positions and a Monte Carlo simulation or other quantitative analysis
to generate a series of expected cash flows at future points in time. The
calculation of this exposure profile considers the effect of credit risk
mitigants, including pledged cash or other collateral and any legal right of
offset that exists with a counterparty through arrangements such as netting
agreements. Individual derivative contracts that are subject to an enforceable
master netting agreement with a counterparty are aggregated for this purpose,
since it is those aggregate net cash flows that are subject to nonperformance
risk. This process identifies specific, point-in-time future cash flows that are
subject to nonperformance risk, rather than using the current recognized net
asset or liability as a basis to measure the
CVA.
Second, market-based views of default
probabilities derived from observed credit spreads in the credit default swap
market are applied to the expected future cash flows determined in step one.
Own-credit CVA is determined using Citi-specific CDS spreads for the relevant
tenor. Generally, counterparty CVA is determined using CDS spread indices for
each credit rating and tenor. For certain identified facilities where individual
analysis is practicable (for example, exposures to monoline counterparties)
counterparty-specific CDS spreads are
used.
The CVA adjustment is designed to incorporate
a market view of the credit risk inherent in the derivative portfolio. However,
most derivative instruments are negotiated bilateral contracts and are not
commonly transferred to third parties. Derivative instruments are normally
settled contractually, or if terminated early, are terminated at a value
negotiated bilaterally between
100
the counterparties. Therefore, the CVA (both counterparty and own-credit) may not be realized upon a settlement or termination in the normal course of business. In addition, all or a portion of the credit valuation adjustments may be reversed or otherwise adjusted in future periods in the event of changes in the credit risk of Citi or its counterparties, or changes in the credit mitigants (collateral and netting agreements) associated with the derivative instruments. Historically, Citigroup's credit spreads have moved in tandem with general counterparty credit spreads, thus providing offsetting CVAs affecting revenue. However, in the fourth quarter of 2008, Citigroup's credit spreads generally narrowed and counterparty credit spreads widened, each of which negatively affected revenues in 2008. During 2009, both Citigroup's and counterparty credit spreads narrowed. The table below summarizes the CVA applied to the fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2009 and 2008.
Credit valuation adjustment | ||||||
Contra-liability (contra-asset | ) | |||||
December 31, | December 31, | |||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Non-monoline counterparties | $ | (2,483 | ) | $ | (8,266 | ) |
Citigroup (own) | 1,349 | 3,646 | ||||
Net non-monoline CVA | $ | (1,134 | ) | $ | (4,620 | ) |
Monoline counterparties (1) | (5,580 | ) | (4,279 | ) | ||
Total CVA-derivative instruments | $ | (6,714 | ) | $ | (8,899 | ) |
(1) | Certain derivatives with monoline counterparties were terminated during 2008. |
The table below summarizes pretax gains (losses) related to changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Credit valuation | ||||||
adjustment gain | ||||||
(loss | ) | |||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Non-monoline counterparties | $ | 5,783 | $ | (6,653 | ) | |
Citigroup (own) | (2,297 | ) | 2,303 | |||
Net non-monoline CVA | $ | 3,486 | $ | (4,350 | ) | |
Monoline counterparties | (1,301 | ) | (5,736 | ) | ||
Total CVA-derivative instruments | $ | 2,185 | $ | (10,086 | ) |
The credit valuation adjustment amounts shown above relate solely to the derivative portfolio, and do not include:
Own-credit adjustments for non-derivative liabilities measured at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. The effect of counterparty credit risk embedded in non-derivative instruments. During 2008 and 2009 a range of financial instruments.Losses on non-derivative instruments, such as bonds and loans, related to counterparty credit risk are not included in the table above.
Credit
Derivatives
Citigroup makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives, both
on behalf of clients as well as for its own account. Through these contracts
Citigroup either purchases or writes protection on either a single-name or
portfolio basis. Citi uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in
its corporate loan portfolio and other cash positions, to take proprietary
trading positions, and to facilitate client
transactions.
Credit derivatives generally require that the
seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of
predefined events (settlement triggers). These settlement triggers, which are
defined by the form of the derivative and the referenced credit, are generally
limited to the market standard of failure to pay on indebtedness and bankruptcy
(or comparable events) of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of
transactions, debt
restructuring.
Credit derivative transactions referring to
emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional
settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of
repudiation or a payment moratorium. In certain transactions on a portfolio of
referenced credits or asset-backed securities, the seller of protection may not
be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with
respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a
specified amount.
101
The following tables summarize the key characteristics of Citi's credit derivative portfolio by counterparty and derivative form as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
2009 | Fair values | Notionals | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | Receivable | Payable | Beneficiary | Guarantor | |||||||
By industry/counterparty | |||||||||||
Bank | $ | 52,383 | $ | 50,778 | $ | 872,523 | $ | 807,484 | |||
Broker-dealer | 23,241 | 22,932 | 338,829 | 340,949 | |||||||
Monoline | 5,860 | - | 10,018 | 33 | |||||||
Non-financial | 339 | 371 | 13,437 | 13,221 | |||||||
Insurance and other financial institutions | 10,969 | 8,343 | 98,155 | 52,366 | |||||||
Total by industry/counterparty | $ | 92,792 | $ | 82,424 | $ | 1,332,962 | $ | 1,214,053 | |||
By instrument | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps and options | $ | 91,625 | $ | 81,174 | $ | 1,305,724 | $ | 1,213,208 | |||
Total return swaps and other | 1,167 | 1,250 | 27,238 | 845 | |||||||
Total by instrument | $ | 92,792 | $ | 82,424 | $ | 1,332,962 | $ | 1,214,053 | |||
2008 | Fair values | Notionals | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | Receivable | Payable | Beneficiary | Guarantor | |||||||
By industry/counterparty | |||||||||||
Bank | $ | 128,042 | $ | 121,811 | $ | 996,248 | $ | 943,949 | |||
Broker-dealer | 59,321 | 56,858 | 403,501 | 365,664 | |||||||
Monoline | 6,886 | 91 | 9,973 | 139 | |||||||
Non-financial | 4,874 | 2,561 | 5,608 | 7,540 | |||||||
Insurance and other financial institutions | 29,228 | 22,388 | 180,354 | 125,988 | |||||||
Total by industry/counterparty | $ | 228,351 | $ | 203,709 | $ | 1,595,684 | $ | 1,443,280 | |||
By instrument | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps and options | $ | 221,159 | $ | 203,220 | $ | 1,560,222 | $ | 1,441,375 | |||
Total return swaps and other | 7,192 | 489 | 35,462 | 1,905 | |||||||
Total by instrument | $ | 228,351 | $ | 203,709 | $ | 1,595,684 | $ | 1,443,280 |
The fair values shown are prior to the application of any netting
agreements, cash collateral, and market or credit value
adjustments.
Citigroup actively participates in trading a
variety of credit derivatives products as both an active two-way market-maker
for clients and to manage credit risk. The majority of this activity was
transacted with other financial intermediaries, including both banks and
broker-dealers. Citigroup generally has a mismatch between the total notional
amounts of protection purchased and sold and it may hold the reference assets
directly, rather than entering into offsetting credit derivative contracts as
and when desired. The open risk exposures from credit derivative contracts are
largely matched after certain cash positions in reference assets are considered
and after notional amounts are adjusted, either to a duration-based equivalent
basis or to reflect the level of subordination in tranched structures.
Citi actively monitors its counterparty credit risk in credit derivative contracts. Approximately 85% and 88% of the gross receivables are from counterparties with which Citi maintains collateral agreements as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. A majority of Citi's top 15 counterparties (by receivable balance owed to the company) are banks, financial institutions or other dealers. Contracts with these counterparties do not include ratings-based termination events. However, counterparty rating downgrades may have an incremental effect by lowering the threshold at which Citigroup may call for additional collateral. A number of the remaining significant counterparties are monolines (which have CVA as shown above).
102
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
Citigroup has several
non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all U.S.
employees and has various defined benefit pension and termination indemnity
plans covering employees outside the United States. The U.S. defined benefit
plan provides benefits under a cash balance formula. Employees satisfying
certain age and service requirements remain covered by a prior final pay
formula. Citigroup also offers postretirement health care and life insurance
benefits to certain eligible U.S. retired employees, as well as to certain
eligible employees outside the United
States.
The following table shows the pension
(benefit) expense and contributions for Citigroup's plans:
U.S. plans | Non-U.S. plans | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||
Pension (benefit) | |||||||||||||||||
expense (1) | $ | (148 | ) | $ | (160 | ) | $ | 179 | $ | 198 | $205 | $123 | |||||
Company | |||||||||||||||||
contributions (2) | - | - | - | 382 | 286 | 223 |
(1) | The 2008 expense includes a $23 million curtailment loss for the U.S. plans and $22 million for the non-U.S. plans recognized in the fourth quarter of 2008 relating to Citigroup's restructuring actions. | |
(2) | In addition, Citigroup absorbed $11 million, $13 million and $15 million during 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, relating to certain investment management fees and administration costs for the U.S. plans, which are excluded from this table. |
The following table shows the combined postretirement expense and contributions for Citigroup's U.S. and foreign plans:
U.S. and non-U.S. plans | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Postretirement expense (1) | $109 | $115 | $69 | |||||
Company contributions | 91 | 103 | 72 |
(1) | The 2008 expense includes a $6 million curtailment loss related to Citigroup's fourth quarter of 2008 restructuring actions. |
Expected
Rate of Return
Citigroup determines its assumptions for the expected rate of return on
plan assets for its U.S. pension and postretirement plans using a "building
block" approach, which focuses on ranges of anticipated rates of return for each
asset class. A weighted range of nominal rates is then determined based on
target allocations to each asset class. Citigroup considers the expected rate of
return to be a long-term assessment of return expectations and does not
anticipate changing this assumption annually unless there are significant
changes in investment strategy or economic conditions. This contrasts with the
selection of the discount rate, future compensation increase rate, and certain
other assumptions, which are reconsidered annually in accordance with generally
accepted accounting
principles.
The expected rate of return for the U.S.
pension and post-retirement plans was 7.75% at December 31, 2009, 7.75% at
December 31, 2008 and 8% at December 31, 2007, reflecting the performance of the
global capital markets. Actual returns in 2009 and 2008 were less than the
expected returns, while actual returns in 2007 were more than the expected
returns. This expected amount reflects the expected annual appreciation of the
plan assets and reduces the annual pension expense of Citigroup. It is deducted
from the sum of service cost, interest and other components of pension expense
to arrive at the net pension (benefit) expense. Net pension (benefit) expense
for the U.S. pension plans for 2009, 2008 and 2007 reflects deductions of $912,
$949 million and $889 million of expected returns, respectively.
103
The following table shows the expected versus actual rate of return on plan assets for the U.S. pension and postretirement plans:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Expected rate of return | 7.75 | % | 7.75 | % | 8.0 | % |
Actual rate of return (1) | (2.77 | )% | (5.42 | )% | 13.2 | % |
(1) | Actual rates of return are presented gross of fees. |
For the foreign plans, pension expense for 2009 was reduced by the expected return of $336 million, compared with the actual return of $728 million. Pension expense for 2008 and 2007 was reduced by expected returns of $487 million and $477 million, respectively. Actual returns were higher in 2007, but lower in 2008, than the expected returns in those years.
Discount
Rate
The 2009
and 2008 discount rates for the U.S. pension and postretirement plans were
selected by reference to a Citigroup-specific analysis using each plan's
specific cash flows and compared with the Moody's Aa Long-Term Corporate Bond
Yield for reasonableness. Citigroup's policy is to round to the nearest tenth of
a percent. Accordingly, at December 31, 2009, the discount rate was set at 5.9%
for the pension plans and at 5.55% for the postretirement welfare
plans.
At December 31, 2008, the discount rate was
set at 6.1% for the pension plans and 6.0% for the postretirement plans,
referencing a Citigroup-specific cash flow
analysis.
At December 31, 2007, the discount rate was
set at 6.2% for the pension plans and 6.0% for the postretirement plans,
referencing a Citigroup-specific cash flow
analysis.
The discount rates for the foreign pension and
postretirement plans are selected by reference to high-quality corporate bond
rates in countries that have developed corporate bond markets. However, where
developed corporate bond markets do not exist, the discount rates are selected
by reference to local government bond rates with a premium added to reflect the
additional risk for corporate
bonds.
For additional information on the pension and
postretirement plans, and on discount rates used in determining pension and
postretirement benefit obligations and net benefit expense for Citigroup's
plans, as well as the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the expected
rates of return and the discount rates, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
104
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES
Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contains a summary of Citigroup's significant accounting policies, including a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements. These policies, as well as estimates made by management, are integral to the presentation of the company's financial condition. While all of these policies require a certain level of management judgment and estimates, this section highlights and discusses the significant accounting policies that require management to make highly difficult, complex, or subjective judgments and estimates, at times regarding matters that are inherently uncertain and susceptible to change. Management has discussed each of these significant accounting policies, the related estimates, and its judgments with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Additional information about these policies can be found in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VALUATIONS OF FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS
Citigroup
holds fixed-income and equity securities, derivatives, retained interests in
securitizations, investments in private equity, and other financial instruments.
In addition, Citigroup purchases securities under agreements to resell and sells
securities under agreements to repurchase. Citigroup holds its investments,
trading assets and liabilities, and resale and repurchase agreements on the
balance sheet to meet customer needs, to manage liquidity needs and interest
rate risks, and for proprietary trading and private equity
investing.
Substantially all of the assets and
liabilities described in the preceding paragraph are reflected at fair value on
Citigroup's balance sheet. In addition, certain loans, short-term borrowings,
long-term debt and deposits as well as certain securities borrowed and loaned
positions that are collateralized with cash are carried at fair value.
Approximately 37.6% and 34.2% of total assets, and 16.5% and 20.4% of total
liabilities, are accounted for at fair value as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively.
When available, Citi generally uses quoted
market prices to determine fair value and classifies such items within Level 1
of the fair value hierarchy established under ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (see Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon
internally developed valuation models that use, where possible, current
market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates,
currency rates, option volatilities, etc. Where a model is internally developed
and used to price a significant product, it is subject to validation and testing
by independent personnel. Such models are often based on a discounted cash flow
analysis.
Items valued using such internally generated
valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input or value
driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified in
Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily
observable.
As seen during the second half of 2007, the
credit crisis has caused some markets to become illiquid, thus reducing the
availability of certain
observable data used by Citigroup's valuation techniques. This illiquidity continued through 2008 and 2009. When or if liquidity returns to these markets, the valuations will revert to using the related observable inputs in verifying internally calculated values. For additional information on Citigroup's fair value analysis, see "Managing Global Risk" and "Balance Sheet Review."
Recognition
of Changes in Fair Value
Changes in the valuation of the trading assets
and liabilities, as well as all other assets (excluding available-for-sale
securities) and liabilities carried at fair value are recorded in the
Consolidated Statement of Income. Changes in the valuation of available-for-sale
securities, other than write-offs and credit impairments, generally are recorded
in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), which is a
component of Stockholders' equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. A full
description of Citi's related policies and procedures can be found in Notes 1,
26, 27 and 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Evaluation
of Other-than-Temporary Impairment
Citigroup's conducts and documents periodic
reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the
impairment is other than temporary. Prior to January 1, 2009 these reviews were
conducted pursuant to FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 (now ASC 320-10-35, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Subsequent Measurement) . Any unrealized loss identified as other than
temporary was recorded directly in the Consolidated Statement of Income. As of
January 1, 2009, Citigroup adopted ASC 320-10. Accordingly, any credit-related
impairment related to debt securities that Citi does not plan to sell and is not
likely to be required to sell is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of
Income, with the non-credit-related impairment recognized in AOCI. For other
impaired debt securities, the entire impairment is recognized in the
Consolidated Statement of Income. An unrealized loss exists when the current
fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis.
Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded,
net of tax, in AOCI for available-for-sale securities, while such losses related
to held-to-maturity securities are not recorded, as these investments are
carried at their amortized cost (less any other-than-temporary impairment). For
securities transferred to held-to-maturity from Trading account assets , amortized cost is defined as the fair value amount of the securities at
the date of transfer. For securities transferred to held-to-maturity from
available-for-sale, amortized cost is defined as the original purchase cost,
plus or minus any accretion or amortization of interest, less any impairment
recognized in earnings.
Regardless of the classification of the
securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, Citi has assessed each
position for credit impairment.
For a further discussion, see Note 16 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
105
Key
Controls over Fair Value Measurement
Citi's processes include a number of key
controls that are designed to ensure that fair value is measured appropriately,
particularly where a fair-value model is internally developed and used to price
a significant product. Such controls include a model validation policy requiring
that valuation models be validated by qualified personnel, independent from
those who created the models and escalation procedures, to ensure that
valuations using unverifiable inputs are identified and monitored on a regular
basis by senior management.
CVA
Methodology
ASC
820-10 requires that Citi's own credit risk be considered in determining the
market value of any Citi liability carried at fair value. These liabilities
include derivative instruments as well as debt and other liabilities for which
the fair value option was elected. The credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is
recognized on the balance sheet as a reduction in the associated liability to
arrive at the fair value (carrying value) of the
liability.
Prior to the fourth quarter of 2008, Citi had
historically used its credit spreads observed in the credit default swap (CDS)
market to estimate the market value of these liabilities. Beginning in September
2008, Citi's CDS spread and credit spreads observed in the bond market (cash
spreads) diverged from each other and from their historical relationship. For
example, the three-year CDS spread narrowed from 315 basis points (bps) on
September 30, 2008, to 202 bps on December 31, 2008, while the three-year cash
spread widened from 430 bps to 490 bps over the same time period. Due to the
persistence and significance of this divergence during the fourth quarter of
2008, management determined that such a pattern may not be temporary and that
using cash spreads would be more relevant to the valuation of debt instruments
(whether issued as liabilities or purchased as assets). Therefore, Citi changed
its method of estimating the market value of liabilities for which the fair
value option was elected to incorporate Citi's cash spreads. (CDS spreads
continue to be used to calculate the CVA for derivative positions.) This change
in estimation methodology resulted in a $2.5 billion pretax gain recognized in
earnings in the fourth quarter of 2008. Citigroup recognized a pretax gain
of $4,558 million due to changes in the CVA balance in 2008.
The table below summarizes the CVA for fair value option debt instruments, determined under each methodology as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the pretax gain that would have been recognized in 2008 had each methodology been used consistently during 2008 and 2007.
In millions of dollars | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Year-end CVA reserve balance as calculated using | ||||||
CDS spreads | $ | 2,953 | $ | 888 | ||
Cash spreads | 5,446 | 1,359 | ||||
Difference (1) | $ | 2,493 | $ | 471 | ||
Year-to-date pretax gain from the change in CVA | ||||||
reserve that would have been recorded in the | ||||||
income statement as calculated using | ||||||
CDS spreads | $ | 2,065 | $ | 888 | ||
Cash spreads | 4,087 | 1,359 |
(1) | In changing the methodology for calculating the CVA reserve, Citi recorded the 2008 cumulative difference of $2.493 billion in December 2008, resulting in a year-to-date pretax gain of $4.558 billion recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income. |
The CVA recognized on fair value option debt instruments was $1,220
million and $5,446 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Citigroup recognized a pretax loss of $4,226 million in 2009 due to changes in
the CVA balance. The pretax loss in 2009 includes a pretax adjustment of $330
million reflecting a correction of errors in the calculation of CVA for periods
through December 31, 2008.
For a further discussion, see Notes 1 and 34
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
106
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Management provides
reserves for an estimate of probable losses inherent in the funded loan
portfolio on the balance sheet in the form of an allowance for loan losses.
These reserves are established in accordance with Citigroup's Credit Reserve
Policies, as approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Citi's
Chief Risk Officer and Chief Financial Officer review the adequacy of the credit
loss reserves each quarter with representatives from the Risk Management and
Finance staffs for each applicable business
area.
During these reviews, the above-mentioned representatives covering the
business area having classifiably managed portfolios (that is, portfolios where
internal credit risk ratings are assigned, which are primarily ICG, Regional Consumer Banking and Local Consumer Lending ) and modified consumer loans where a concession was granted due to the
borrowers' financial difficulties, and present recommended reserve balances for
their funded and unfunded lending portfolios along with supporting quantitative
and qualitative data. The quantitative data include:
In addition, representatives from both the Risk Management and Finance staffs that cover business areas with delinquency-managed portfolios containing smaller homogeneous loans (primarily the noncommercial
lending areas of
Regional Consumer Banking) present their recommended reserve balances based upon
leading credit indicators, including loan delinquencies and changes in portfolio
size, as well as economic trends including housing prices, unemployment and GDP.
This methodology is applied separately for each individual product within each
different geographic region in which these portfolios
exist.
This evaluation process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments.
The frequency of default, risk ratings, loss recovery rates, the size and
diversity of individual large credits, and the ability of borrowers with foreign
currency obligations to obtain the foreign currency necessary for orderly debt
servicing, among other things, are all taken into account during this review.
Changes in these estimates could have a direct impact on the credit costs in any
quarter and could result in a change in the allowance. Changes to the reserve
flow through the Consolidated Statement of Income on the lines Provision for loan losses and Provision for unfunded
lending commitments . For a
further description of the loan loss reserve and related accounts, see "Managing
Global Risk-Credit Risk" and Notes 1 and 18 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
SECURITIZATIONS
Citigroup securitizes a number of different
asset classes as a means of strengthening its balance sheet and accessing
competitive financing rates in the market. Under these securitization programs,
assets are transferred into a trust and used as collateral by the trust to
obtain financing. The cash flows from assets in the trust service the
corresponding trust securities. If the structure of the trust meets certain
accounting guidelines, trust assets are treated as sold and are no longer
reflected as assets of Citi. If these guidelines are not met, the assets
continue to be recorded as Citi's assets, with the financing activity recorded
as liabilities on Citigroup's balance
sheet.
Citigroup also assists its clients in securitizing their financial assets
and packages and securitizes financial assets purchased in the financial
markets. Citi may also provide administrative, asset management, underwriting,
liquidity facilities and/or other services to the resulting securitization
entities and may continue to service some of these financial
assets.
Elimination
of QSPEs and Changes in the
Consolidation Model for Variable Interest
Entities
In June
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB
Statement No. 140 (SFAS
166), that will eliminate Qualifying Special Purpose
Entities (QSPEs). SFAS 166 is effective for fiscal years that begin after
November 15, 2009. This change will have a significant impact on Citigroup's
Consolidated Financial Statements. Beginning January 1, 2010, Citigroup
will lose sales treatment for certain future asset transfers that would have
been considered sales under SFAS 140, and for certain transfers of portions of
assets that do not meet the definition of participating interests.
107
Simultaneously, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (SFAS 167), which details three key changes
to the consolidation model. First, former QSPEs will now be included in the
scope of SFAS 167. In addition, the FASB has changed the method of analyzing
which party to a variable interest entity (VIE) should consolidate the VIE
(known as the primary beneficiary) to a qualitative determination of which party
to the VIE has "power" combined with potentially significant benefits or losses,
instead of the current quantitative risks and rewards model. The entity that has
power has the ability to direct the activities of the VIE that most
significantly impact the VIE's economic performance. Finally, the new standard
requires that the primary beneficiary analysis be re-evaluated whenever
circumstances change. The current rules require reconsideration of the primary
beneficiary only when specified reconsideration events
occur.
As a result of implementing these new
accounting standards, Citigroup will consolidate certain of the VIEs and former
QSPEs with which it currently has involvement. An ongoing evaluation of the
application of these new requirements could, with the resolution of certain
uncertainties, result in the identification of additional VIEs and former QSPEs,
other than those presented below, needing to be consolidated. It is not
currently anticipated, however, that any such newly identified VIEs and former
QSPEs would have a significant impact on Citigroup's Consolidated Financial
Statements or capital
position.
In accordance with SFAS 167, Citigroup
employed three approaches for consolidating all of the VIEs and former QSPEs
that it consolidated as of January 1, 2010. The first approach requires
initially measuring the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests of the
VIEs and former QSPEs at their carrying values (the amounts at which the assets,
liabilities, and noncontrolling interests would have been carried in the
Consolidated Financial Statements, if Citigroup had always consolidated these
VIEs and former QSPEs). The second approach is to use the unpaid principal
amounts, where using carrying values is not practicable. The third approach is
to elect the fair value option, in which all of the financial assets and
liabilities of certain designated VIEs and former QSPEs would be recorded at
fair value upon adoption of SFAS 167 and continue to be marked to market
thereafter, with changes in fair value reported in
earnings.
Citigroup consolidated all required VIEs and
former QSPEs as of January 1, 2010 at carrying values or unpaid principal
amounts, except for certain private label residential mortgage and mutual fund
deferred sales commissions VIEs, for which the fair value option was elected.
The following tables present the pro forma impact of adopting these new
accounting standards applying these approaches.
The pro forma impact of these changes on incremental GAAP assets and resulting risk-weighted assets for those VIEs and former QSPEs that were consolidated or deconsolidated for accounting purposes as of January 1, 2010 (based on financial information as of December 31, 2009), reflecting Citigroup's present understanding of the new accounting requirements and immediate implementation of the recently issued final risk-based capital rules regarding SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, was as follows:
Incremental | |||||||
Risk- | |||||||
GAAP | weighted | ||||||
In billions of dollars | assets | assets | (1) | ||||
Impact of consolidation | |||||||
Credit cards | $ | 86.3 | $ | 0.8 | |||
Commercial paper conduits | 28.3 | 13.0 | |||||
Student loans | 13.6 | 3.7 | |||||
Private label consumer mortgages | 4.4 | 1.3 | |||||
Municipal tender option bonds | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||||
Collateralized loan obligations | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
Mutual fund deferred sales commissions | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
Subtotal | $ | 134.2 | $ | 19.9 | |||
Impact of deconsolidation | |||||||
Collateralized debt obligations (2) | $ | 1.9 | $ | 3.6 | |||
Equity-linked notes (3) | 1.2 | 0.5 | |||||
Total | $ | 137.3 | $ | 24.0 |
(1) | Citigroup undertook certain actions during the first and second quarters of 2009 in support of its off-balance-sheet credit card securitization vehicles. As a result of these actions, Citigroup included approximately $82 billion of incremental risk-weighted assets in its risk-based capital ratios as of March 31, 2009 and an additional approximate $900 million as of June 30, 2009. See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(2) | The implementation of SFAS 167 will result in the deconsolidation of certain synthetic and cash collateralized debt obligation (CDO) VIEs that were previously consolidated under the requirements of ASC 810 (FIN 46(R)). Upon deconsolidation of these synthetic CDOs, Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet will reflect the recognition of current receivables and payables related to purchased and written credit default swaps entered into with these VIEs, which had previously been eliminated in consolidation. The deconsolidation of certain cash CDOs will have a minimal impact on GAAP assets, but will cause a sizable increase in risk-weighted assets. The impact on risk-weighted assets results from replacing, in Citigroup's trading account, largely investment grade securities owned by these VIEs when consolidated, with Citigroup's holdings of non-investment grade or unrated securities issued by these VIEs when deconsolidated. | |
(3) | Certain equity-linked note client intermediation transactions that had previously been consolidated under the requirements of ASC 810 (FIN 46 (R)) will be deconsolidated with the implementation of SFAS 167. Upon deconsolidation, Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet will reflect both the equity-linked notes issued by the VIEs and held by Citigroup as trading assets, as well as related trading liabilities in the form of prepaid equity derivatives. These trading assets and trading liabilities were formerly eliminated in consolidation. |
108
The preceding table reflects (i) the estimated portion of the assets of
former QSPEs to which Citigroup, acting as principal, had transferred assets and
received sales treatment as of December 31, 2009 (totaling approximately $712.0
billion), and (ii) the estimated assets of significant unconsolidated VIEs as of
December 31, 2009 with which Citigroup is involved (totaling approximately
$219.2 billion) that are required to be consolidated under the new accounting
standards. Due to the variety of transaction structures and the level of
Citigroup involvement in individual former QSPEs and VIEs, only a portion of the
former QSPEs and VIEs with which Citi is involved are to be
consolidated.
In addition, the cumulative effect of adopting
these new accounting standards as of January 1, 2010, based on financial
information as of December 31, 2009, would result in an estimated aggregate
after-tax charge to Retained earnings of approximately $8.3 billion, reflecting the net effect of an overall pretax
charge to Retained earnings (primarily relating to the establishment of
loan loss reserves and the reversal of residual interests held) of approximately
$13.4 billion and the recognition of related deferred tax assets amounting to
approximately $5.1 billion.
The pro forma impact on certain of
Citigroup's regulatory capital ratios of adopting these new accounting standards
(based on financial information as of December 31, 2009), reflecting immediate
implementation of the recently issued final risk-based capital rules regarding
SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, would be as follows:
As of December 31, 2009 | |||||||||
As reported | Pro forma | Impact | |||||||
Tier 1 Capital | 11.67 | % | 10.26 | % | (141 | ) bps | |||
Total Capital | 15.25 | % | 13.82 | % | (143 | ) bps |
The actual impact of adopting the new accounting standards on January 1, 2010 could differ, as financial information changes from the December 31, 2009 estimates and as several uncertainties in the application of these new standards are resolved.
Among these uncertainties, the FASB has proposed an indefinite deferral of the requirements of SFAS 167 for certain investment companies. Without the proposed deferral, Citi had most recently estimated that approximately $3.3 billion of assets held by investment funds managed by Citigroup would be newly consolidated upon the adoption of SFAS 167. If the proposed deferral were to be finalized as currently contemplated, Citi expects that many, if not all, of the investment vehicles managed by Citigroup would not be subject to the requirements of SFAS 167. Nevertheless, Citigroup is continuing to evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed requirements and, depending upon the eventual resolution of specific implementation matters, may be required to consolidate certain investment vehicles, the aggregate assets of which could range up to a total of approximately $1.2 billion. The effect on Citi's regulatory capital ratios, should consolidation of any or all such noted investment vehicles be required, is not expected to be significant. The preceding tables reflect Citi's view that none of the investment vehicles managed by Citigroup will be required to be consolidated under SFAS 167.
Proposed Changes to FDIC "Safe Harbor" Securitization Rule
As described above, FASB's issuance of SFAS
Nos. 166 and 167, effective starting in the first quarter of 2010, will result
in the loss of GAAP sale treatment in certain credit card and other
securitization transactions and the consolidation of the assets of such
transactions into the assets of the sponsoring entity. This development
has raised concerns regarding effects under the FDIC ' s current "safe
harbor" securitization rule. Under the current rule, if a securitization
is accounted for as a sale for GAAP purposes and certain other conditions are
satisfied, the FDIC, as conservator or receiver of an insolvent bank, will treat
the transferred assets as sold and surrender any right to reclaim the assets
transferred in the securitization. If securitized assets are at risk of
seizure by the FDIC in cases of conservatorship or receivership, the credit
treatment of the securitized transactions would be impacted by the credit status
of the sponsoring bank; for example, the highest credit rating for a
securitization transaction may be limited by the credit rating of the sponsoring
bank.
On November 12, 2009, the FDIC amended its securitization rule on an
interim basis so that it will continue to apply to assets transferred in
securities transactions completed on or prior to March 31, 2010 if the transfers
would have satisfied the conditions for GAAP sale treatment in effect for
reporting periods prior to November 15, 2009. The FDIC is currently
engaged in a rulemaking process regarding this issue, and the ultimate outcome
is unknown. If Citi is unwilling or unable to meet the conditions of any
final rule, the highest credit rating of securities issued in its credit card
and certain other securitization transactions may be limited to its then-current
rating, and Citi may engage in a reduced level of such
transactions.
109
GOODWILL
Citigroup has recorded on its Consolidated
Balance Sheet Goodwill of $25.4 billion (1.4% of assets) and $27.1
billion (1.4% of assets) at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively. No goodwill impairment was recorded during 2009. The December 31,
2008 balance is net of a $9.6 billion goodwill impairment charge recorded as a
result of testing performed as of December 31, 2008. The impairment was
composed of a $2.3 billion pretax charge ($2.0 billion after tax) related to North America Regional Consumer
Banking , a $4.3 billion
pretax charge ($4.1 billion after tax) related to Latin America Regional Consumer Banking , and a $3.0 billion pretax charge ($2.6
billion after tax) related to Local Consumer Lending- Other.
The primary cause for the goodwill impairment
in the above reporting units was the rapid deterioration in the financial
markets as well as in the global economic outlook, particularly during the
period beginning mid-November through year-end 2008. This deterioration further
weakened the near-term prospects for the financial services industry. The
following summary describes Citigroup's process for accounting for goodwill and
testing for impairment.
Goodwill is allocated to the reporting units
at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been allocated
to the reporting units, it generally no longer retains its identification with a
particular acquisition, but instead becomes identified with the reporting unit
as a whole. As a result, all of the fair value of each reporting unit is
available to support the value of goodwill allocated to the unit. As of December
31, 2009, Citigroup operated in three core business segments, as discussed.
Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level, one level
below the business segment.
The changes in the organizational structure in
2009 resulted in the creation of new reporting segments. As a result, commencing
with the second quarter 2009, Citi identified new reporting units as required
under ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other .
Goodwill affected by the reorganization has been reassigned from 10 reporting
units to nine, using a fair value approach. Subsequent to July 1, 2009, goodwill
was allocated to disposals and tested for impairment under the new reporting
units. The nine new reporting units, which remain unchanged at December 31,
2009, are North America Regional Consumer Banking, EMEA
Regional Consumer Banking, Asia Regional Consumer Banking, LATAM Regional
Consumer Banking, Securities and Banking, Transaction Services, Brokerage and
Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending- Cards and Local Consumer Lending- Other.
Under ASC
350, the goodwill impairment analysis is done in two steps. The first step
requires a comparison of the fair value of the individual reporting unit to its
carrying value including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is in
excess of the carrying value, the related goodwill
is considered not to be
impaired and no further analysis is necessary. If the carrying value of the
reporting unit exceeds the fair value, there is an indication of potential
impairment and a second step of testing is performed to measure the amount of
impairment, if any, for that reporting
unit.
When required, the second step of testing involves calculating the
implied fair value of goodwill for each of the affected reporting units. The
implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of
goodwill recognized in a business combination, which is the excess of the fair
value of the reporting unit determined in step one over the fair value of the
net assets and identifiable intangibles as if the reporting unit were being
acquired. If the amount of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit exceeds
the implied fair value of the goodwill in the pro forma purchase price
allocation, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. A reorganized
impairment charge subsequently cannot exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to
a reporting unit and cannot be reversed even if the fair value of the reporting
unit recovers.
Goodwill impairment testing involves
management judgment, requiring an assessment of whether the carrying value of
the reporting unit can be supported by the fair value of the individual
reporting unit using widely accepted valuation techniques, such as the market
approach (earnings multiples and/or transaction multiples) and/or discounted
cash flow methods (DCF). In applying these methodologies, Citi utilizes a
number of factors, including actual operating results, future business plans,
economic projections, and market data. A combination of methodologies is used
and weighted appropriately for reporting units with significant adverse changes
in business climate. Management may engage an independent valuation specialist
to assist in Citi's valuation
process.
Prior to 2008, Citi primarily employed
the market approach for estimating fair value of the reporting units. As a
result of significant adverse changes during 2008 in certain of Citigroup
reporting units, and the increase in financial sector volatility primarily in
the U.S., Citigroup engaged the services of an independent valuation
specialist to assist in Citi's valuation of all or a portion of the following
reporting units during 2009- North America Regional Consumer Banking, Latin America Regional Consumer
Banking, Securities and Banking, Local Consumer Lending- Cards and Local Consumer Lending- Other. The DCF method was incorporated to ensure reliability of
results. Citi believes that the DCF method, using management projections
for the selected reporting units and an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate,
is most reflective of a market participant's view of fair values given current
market conditions. For the reporting units where both methods were utilized in
2009, the resulting fair values were relatively consistent and appropriate
weighting was given to outputs from both methods.
110
The DCF method used at the time of each impairment test used discount
rates that Citi believes adequately reflected the risk and uncertainty in
the financial markets generally and specifically in the internally generated
cash flow projections. The DCF method employs a capital asset pricing model in
estimating the discount rate. Citi continues to value the remaining reporting
units where it believes the risk of impairment to be low, using primarily the
market approach.
Citi prepares a formal three-year strategic
plan for its businesses on an annual basis. These projections incorporate
certain external economic projections developed at the point in time the
strategic plan is developed. For the purpose of performing any impairment test,
the three-year forecast is updated by Citi to reflect current economic
conditions as of the testing date. Citi used updated long-range financial
forecasts as a basis for its interim goodwill impairment test performed as of
April 1, 2009 and its annual goodwill impairment test performed as of July 1,
2009 (as discussed below). The 2009 Strategic Plan incorporating the most
current market outlook was the basis for the interim impairment test as of
November 30, 2009 (as discussed
below).
As discussed above, management tests goodwill for impairment annually as
of July 1. The results of the July 1, 2009 test validated that the fair values
exceeded the carrying values for all reporting units. Citi is also required to
test goodwill for impairment whenever events or circumstances make it more
likely than not that impairment may have occurred, such as a significant adverse
change in the business climate, a decision to sell or dispose of all or a
significant portion of a reporting unit, or a significant decline in Citi's
stock price. Implementation of the new organizational structure as of the second
quarter of 2009 resulted in the performance of an interim goodwill impairment
test and reallocation of goodwill among new reporting units as of April 1, 2009.
An interim goodwill impairment test for Citigroup was performed for both the
pre-reorganization reporting units and the post-reorganization reporting units
as of April 1, 2009. Results of the test indicated no goodwill impairment for
any of the pre- or post-reorganization reporting units. Based on negative
macro-economic and industry-specific factors, Citigroup performed an additional
impairment test for its Local Consumer Lending- Cards reporting unit as of November 30, 2009. The test validated that the
fair value of the reporting unit was in excess of the associated carrying value
and, therefore, that there was no indication of goodwill
impairment.
Since none of the Company's reporting units
are publicly traded, individual reporting unit fair value determinations cannot
be directly correlated to Citigroup's stock price. The sum of the fair values of
the reporting units significantly exceeds the overall market capitalization of
Citi.
However, Citi believes
that it is not meaningful to reconcile the sum of the fair values of the
Company's reporting units to its market capitalization due to several factors.
These factors, which do not directly impact the individual reporting unit fair
values, include the significant economic stake and influence held by the U.S.
government in Citi. In addition, the market capitalization of Citigroup reflects
the execution risk in a transaction involving Citigroup due to its size.
However, the individual reporting units' fair values are not subject to the same
level of execution risk or a business model that is perceived to be
complex.
While no impairment was noted in step one of
Citigroup's Local Consumer Lending- Cards reporting unit
impairment test at November 30, 2009, goodwill present in that reporting unit
may be particularly sensitive to further deterioration in economic conditions.
Under the market approach for valuing this reporting unit, the earnings
multiples and transaction multiples were selected from multiples obtained using
data from guideline companies and acquisitions. The selection of the actual
multiple considers operating performance and financial condition such as return
on equity and net income growth of Local Consumer Lending- Cards as compared to the guideline companies and acquisitions. For the
valuation under the income approach, Citi utilized a discount rate that it
believes reflects the risk and uncertainty related to the projected cash flows,
and selected 2012 as the terminal
year.
Small deterioration in the assumptions used in the valuations, in
particular the discount-rate and growth-rate assumptions used in the net income
projections, could significantly affect Citigroup's impairment evaluation and,
hence, results. If the future were to differ adversely from management's best
estimate of key economic assumptions, and associated cash flows were to decrease
by a small margin, Citi could potentially experience future material impairment
charges with respect to $4,683 million of goodwill remaining in our Local Consumer Lending- Cards reporting unit. Any such charges, by themselves, would not
negatively affect Citi's Tier 1 and Total Capital regulatory ratios, or Tier 1
Common ratio, its Tangible Common Equity or Citi's liquidity
position.
111
INCOME TAXES
Citigroup is subject to the income tax
laws of the U.S., its states and local municipalities, and the foreign
jurisdictions in which Citi operates. These tax laws are complex and subject to
different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing
authorities. In establishing a provision for income tax expense, Citi must make
judgments and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex
tax laws. Citi must also make estimates about when in the future certain items
will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions, both domestic and
foreign.
Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws
may be subject to review / adjudication by the court systems of the various tax
jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority upon audit. Deferred
taxes are recorded for the future consequences of events that have been
recognized in the financial statements or tax returns, based upon enacted tax
laws and rates. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) are recognized subject to
management's judgment that realization is more likely than
not.
Although realization is not assured, Citi believes that the realization
of the recognized net deferred tax asset of $46.1 billion at December 31, 2009
is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income in the
jurisdictions in which the DTAs arise, and based on available tax planning
strategies as defined in ASC 740 that could be implemented if necessary to
prevent a carryforward from
expiring.
The following table summarizes Citi's DTA
balance at December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Jurisdiction/Component | ||||||
DTA balance | DTA balance | |||||
In billions of dollars | December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||
U.S. Federal | ||||||
Net operating loss (NOL) | $ | 5.1 | $ | 4.6 | ||
Foreign tax credit (FTC) | 12.0 | 10.5 | ||||
General business credit (GBC) | 1.2 | 0.6 | ||||
Future tax deductions and credits | 17.5 | 19.9 | ||||
Other | 0.5 | 0.9 | ||||
Total U.S. federal | $ | 36.3 | $ | 36.5 | ||
State and local | ||||||
New York NOLs | $ | 0.9 | $ | 1.2 | ||
Other State NOLs | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
Future tax deductions | 3.0 | 2.7 | ||||
Total State and local | $ | 4.3 | $ | 4.3 | ||
Foreign | ||||||
APB 23 subsidiary NOLs | 0.7 | 0.2 | ||||
Non-APB 23 subsidiary NOLs | 0.4 | 0.9 | ||||
Future tax deductions | 4.4 | 2.6 | ||||
Total foreign | $ | 5.5 | $ | 3.7 | ||
Total | $ | 46.1 | $ | 44.5 |
Included in the net U.S. federal DTA of $36.3 billion are deferred tax liabilities
of $5 billion that will reverse in the relevant carryforward period and may
be used to support the DTA and $0.5 billion in compensation
deductions that reduced additional paid-in capital in January 2010 and for which
no adjustment to such DTA is permitted at December 31, 2009, because the related
stock compensation was not yet deductible to Citi. Included in Citi's overall
net DTA of $46.1 billion are $25 billion of future tax deductions and credits
that arose largely due to timing differences between the recognition of income
for GAAP and tax and represent net deductions and credits that have not yet been
taken on a tax return. The most significant source of these timing differences
is the loan loss reserve build, which accounts for approximately $15 billion of
the net DTA. In general, Citi would need to generate approximately
$86 billion of taxable income during the respective carryforward periods to
fully realize its U.S. federal, state and local
DTAs.
As a result of the recent losses incurred, Citi is in a three-year
cumulative pretax loss position at December 31, 2009. A cumulative loss position
is considered significant negative evidence in assessing the realizability of a
DTA. Citi has concluded that there is sufficient positive evidence to overcome
this negative evidence. The positive evidence includes two means by which Citi
is able to fully realize its DTA. First, Citi forecasts sufficient taxable
income in the carryforward period, exclusive of tax planning strategies, even
under stressed scenarios. Secondly, Citi has sufficient tax planning strategies,
including potential sales of businesses and assets, in which it could realize
the excess of appreciated value over the tax basis of its assets, in an amount
sufficient to fully realize its DTA. The amount of the DTA considered
realizable, however, could be significantly reduced in the near term if
estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are
significantly lower than forecasted due to deterioration in market
conditions.
Based upon the foregoing discussion, as well
as tax planning opportunities and other factors discussed below, the U.S.
federal and New York State and City net operating loss carryforward period of 20
years provides enough time to utilize the DTAs pertaining to the existing net
operating loss carryforwards and any NOL that would be created by the reversal
of the future net deductions that have not yet been taken on a tax
return.
112
The U.S. foreign tax credit carryforward period is 10 years. In addition,
utilization of foreign tax credits in any year is restricted to 35% of foreign
source taxable income in that year. Further, overall domestic losses that Citi
has incurred of approximately $45 billion are allowed to be reclassified as
foreign source income to the extent of 50% of domestic source income produced in
subsequent years, and such resulting foreign source income is in fact sufficient
to cover the foreign tax credits being carried forward. As such, the foreign
source taxable income limitation will not be an impediment to the foreign tax
credit carryforward usage as long as Citi can generate sufficient domestic
taxable income within the 10-year carryforward
period.
Regarding the estimate of future taxable income, Citi has projected its
pretax earnings, predominantly based upon the "core" businesses that Citi
intends to conduct going forward. These "core" businesses have produced steady
and strong earnings in the past. During 2008 and 2009, the "core" businesses
were negatively affected by the large increase in consumer credit losses during
this sharp downturn in the economic cycle. Citigroup has already taken steps to
reduce its cost structure. Taking these items into account, Citi is projecting
that it will generate sufficient pretax earnings within the 10-year carryforward
period alluded to above to be able to fully utilize the foreign tax credit
carryforward, in addition to any foreign tax credits produced in such
period.
Citi has also examined tax planning strategies available to it in
accordance with ASC 740 that would be employed, if necessary, to prevent a
carryforward from expiring. These strategies include repatriating low-taxed
foreign earnings for which an assertion that the earnings have been indefinitely
reinvested has not been made, accelerating taxable income into or deferring
deductions out of the latter years of the carryforward period with reversals to
occur after the carryforward period (e.g., selling appreciated intangible assets
and electing straight-line depreciation), holding onto available-for-sale debt
securities with losses until they mature and selling certain assets that produce
tax-exempt income, while purchasing assets that produce fully taxable income. In
addition, the sale or restructuring of certain businesses can produce
significant taxable income within the relevant carryforward
periods.
Citi's ability to utilize its deferred tax
assets to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited if Citi
experiences an "ownership change," as defined in Section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In general, an ownership change
will occur if there is a cumulative change in Citi's ownership by "5%
shareholders" (as defined in the Code) that exceeds 50 percentage points over a
rolling three-year period.
The common stock issued pursuant to the exchange offers in July 2009 and
the common stock and tangible equity units issued in December 2009 as
part of Citigroup's TARP repayment did not result in an ownership change under
the Code. However, these common stock issuances have materially increased the
risk that Citigroup will experience an ownership change in the
future. On June 9, 2009, the Board of Directors of Citigroup adopted a tax
benefits preservation plan (the "Plan"). This Plan is subject to the
shareholders' approval at the 2010 Annual Meeting. The purpose of the Plan is to
minimize the likelihood of an ownership change occurring for Section 382
purposes. Despite adoption of the Plan, future transactions in our stock that
may not be in our control may cause Citi to experience an ownership change and
thus limit Citi's ability to utilize its deferred tax asset as well
as cause a reduction in its TCE and stockholders' equity.
Approximately $15 billion of the net
DTA is included in Tier 1 Common and Tier 1 Capital.
See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further description of Citi's tax provision and related income tax assets and liabilities.
LEGAL RESERVES
See the discussions under "Legal Proceedings"
and in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information
regarding Citi's policies on establishing reserves for legal and regulatory
claims.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND
FUTURE
APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a discussion of "Accounting Changes" and the "Future Application
of Accounting Standards."
113
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Certain statements in
this Form 10-K, including but not limited to statements included within the
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Generally, forward-looking statements
are not based on historical facts but instead represent only Citigroup's and
management's beliefs regarding future events. Such statements may be identified
by words such as believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate,
may increase, may fluctuate , and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, should, would and could .
Such statements are based on
management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in
circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from those included in these
statements due to a variety of factors, including but not limited to the factors
listed and described under "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K and those factors
described below:
failure to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the realignment of Citi's business; volatile and illiquid market conditions, which could lead to further write- downs of Citi's financial instruments; the elimination of QSPEs from the guidance in SFAS 140 and changes in FIN 46(R) and its impact on Citi's Consolidated Financial Statements; the accuracy of Citi's assumptions and estimates used to prepare its financial statements; changes in accounting standards and its impact on how Citi records and reports its financial condition and results of operations; the effectiveness of Citi's risk management processes and strategies; the exposure of Citi to reputational damage and significant legal and regulatory liability as a member of the financial services industry; and a failure in Citi's operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties.
114
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure
Citigroup's disclosure controls and procedures
are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management,
including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO),
to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure and appropriate SEC
filings.
Citi's Disclosure Committee is responsible for
ensuring that there is an adequate and effective process for establishing,
maintaining and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures for Citi's
external disclosures.
Citigroup's management, with the participation
of the company's CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of Citigroup's
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the
Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2009 and, based on that evaluation, the CEO and
CFO have concluded that at that date Citigroup's disclosure controls and
procedures were effective.
Financial
Reporting
There
were no changes in Citigroup's internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter
ended December 31, 2009 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, Citi's internal control over financial
reporting.
115
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of
Citigroup is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the
Exchange Act). Citigroup's internal control system is designed to provide
reasonable assurance to management and the Board of Directors regarding the
preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements in
accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. All internal
control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations.
Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only
reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and
presentation.
Management maintains a comprehensive system of
controls intended to ensure that transactions are executed in accordance with
management's authorization, assets are safeguarded, and financial records are
reliable. Management also takes steps to ensure that information and
communication flows are effective and to monitor performance, including
performance of internal control
procedures.
Citigroup management assessed the
effectiveness of Citigroup's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2009 based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated
Framework. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December
31, 2009, Citigroup's internal control over financial reporting is
effective.
The effectiveness of Citigroup's internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 has been audited by
KPMG LLP, Citigroup's independent registered public accounting firm, as stated
in their report below, which expressed an unqualified opinion on the
effectiveness of Citigroup's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2009.
116
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM - INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Board of Directors
and Stockholders
Citigroup Inc.:
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion .
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's
assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
B ecause
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate .
I n
our opinion, Citigroup maintained, in all material respects, effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria
established in Internal Control-Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission .
W e
also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of
Citigroup as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated
statements of income, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of
the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and our report dated
February 26, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated
financial statements .
/s/ KPMG LLP
New
York, New York
February 26, 2010
117
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM - CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Board of Directors
and Stockholders
Citigroup Inc.:
W e
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Citigroup Inc. and
subsidiaries (the "Company" or "Citigroup") as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders'
equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2009, and the related consolidated balance sheets of Citibank, N.A.
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial
statements based on our
audits .
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Citigroup's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 26, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New
York, New York
February 26, 2010
118
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |
Consolidated Statement of Income- | |
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 | 120 |
Consolidated Balance Sheet- | |
December 31, 2009 and 2008 | 121 |
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity- | |
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 | 122 |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows- | |
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 | 124 |
Citibank Consolidated Balance Sheet- | |
Citibank, N.A. and Subsidiaries-December 31, 2009 and 2008 | 125 |
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL | |
STATEMENTS | |
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 126 |
Note 2 – Business Developments | 143 |
Note 3 – Discontinued Operations | 146 |
Note 4 – Business Segments | 148 |
Note 5 – Interest Revenue and Expense | 149 |
Note 6 – Commissions and Fees | 149 |
Note 7 – Principal Transactions | 150 |
Note 8 – Incentive Plans | 150 |
Note 9 – Retirement Benefits | 155 |
Note 10 – Restructuring | 164 |
Note 11 – Income Taxes | 166 |
Note 12 – Earnings per Share | 171 |
Note 13 – Federal Funds/Securities Borrowed, Loaned, and | |
Subject to Repurchase Agreements | 172 |
Note 14 – Brokerage Receivables and Brokerage Payables | 173 |
Note 15 – Trading Account Assets and Liabilities | 173 |
Note 16 – Investments | 174 |
Note 17 – Loans | 183 |
Note 18 – Allowance for Credit Losses | 185 |
Note 19 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 186 |
Note 20 – Debt | 189 |
Note 21 – Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity | 192 |
Note 22 – Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive | |
Income (Loss) | 194 |
Note 23 – Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities | 195 |
Note 24 – Derivatives Activities | 215 |
Note 25 – Concentrations of Credit Risk | 223 |
Note 26 – Fair Value Measurement | 223 |
Note 27 – Fair Value Elections | 234 |
Note 28 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 239 |
Note 29 – Pledged Assets, Collateral, Commitments and Guarantees | 240 |
Note 30 – Contingencies | 246 |
Note 31 – Citibank, N.A. Stockholder's Equity | 247 |
Note 32 – Subsequent Event | 248 |
Note 33 – Condensed Consolidating Financial Statement Schedules | 248 |
Note 34 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) | 257 |
119
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME | Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries |
Year ended December 31 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars, except per-share amounts | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Revenues | |||||||||
Interest revenue | $ | 76,635 | $ | 106,499 | $ | 121,347 | |||
Interest expense | 27,721 | 52,750 | 75,958 | ||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | 48,914 | $ | 53,749 | $ | 45,389 | |||
Commissions and fees | $ | 17,116 | $ | 10,366 | $ | 20,068 | |||
Principal transactions | 3,932 | (22,601 | ) | (12,347 | ) | ||||
Administration and other fiduciary fees | 5,195 | 8,222 | 8,860 | ||||||
Realized gains (losses) on sales of investments | 1,996 | 679 | 1,168 | ||||||
Other than temporary impairment losses on investments (1) | |||||||||
Gross impairment losses | (7,262 | ) | (2,740 | ) | - | ||||
Less: Impairments recognized in OCI | 4,356 | - | - | ||||||
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings (1) | $ | (2,906 | ) | $ | (2,740 | ) | $ | - | |
Insurance premiums | $ | 3,020 | $ | 3,221 | $ | 3,062 | |||
Other revenue | 3,018 | 703 | 11,100 | ||||||
Total non-interest revenues | $ | 31,371 | $ | (2,150 | ) | $ | 31,911 | ||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 80,285 | $ | 51,599 | $ | 77,300 | |||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | |||||||||
Provision for loan losses | $ | 38,760 | $ | 33,674 | $ | 16,832 | |||
Policyholder benefits and claims | 1,258 | 1,403 | 935 | ||||||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 244 | (363 | ) | 150 | |||||
Total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | $ | 40,262 | $ | 34,714 | $ | 17,917 | |||
Operating expenses | |||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 24,987 | $ | 31,096 | $ | 32,705 | |||
Premises and equipment | 4,339 | 5,317 | 4,837 | ||||||
Technology/communication | 4,573 | 5,993 | 5,620 | ||||||
Advertising and marketing | 1,415 | 2,188 | 2,729 | ||||||
Restructuring | (113 | ) | 1,550 | 1,528 | |||||
Other operating | 12,621 | 23,096 | 11,318 | ||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 47,822 | $ | 69,240 | $ | 58,737 | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (7,799 | ) | $ | (52,355 | ) | $ | 646 | |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (6,733 | ) | (20,326 | ) | (2,546 | ) | |||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (1,066 | ) | $ | (32,029 | ) | $ | 3,192 | |
Discontinued operations | |||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | (653 | ) | $ | 784 | $ | 1,052 | ||
Gain on sale | 102 | 3,139 | - | ||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (106 | ) | (79 | ) | 344 | ||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | $ | (445 | ) | $ | 4,002 | $ | 708 | ||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,511 | ) | $ | (28,027 | ) | $ | 3,900 | |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | |||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | 3,617 | |
Basic earnings per share (2) | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (0.04 | ) | 0.76 | 0.15 | |||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.80 | ) | $ | (5.63 | ) | $ | 0.68 | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 11,568.3 | 5,265.4 | 4,905.8 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per share (2) | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (0.04 | ) | 0.76 | 0.14 | |||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.80 | ) | $ | (5.63 | ) | $ | 0.67 | |
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding | 12,099.0 | 5,768.9 | 4,924.0 |
(1) | As of January 1, 2009, the Company adopted ASC 320-10-65, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities . The Company disclosed comparable information with the prior year in its 2009 periodic reports. This accounting change was not applicable to 2007 and, accordingly, 2007 information is not disclosed above. | |
(2) | The Diluted EPS calculation for 2009 and 2008 utilizes Basic shares and Income available to common shareholders (Basic) due to the negative Income available to common shareholders. Using actual Diluted shares and Income available to common shareholders (Diluted) would result in anti-dilution. |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
120
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET | Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries |
December 31 | ||||||
In millions of dollars, except shares | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Assets | ||||||
Cash and due from banks (including segregated cash and other deposits) | $ | 25,472 | $ | 29,253 | ||
Deposits with banks | 167,414 | 170,331 | ||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (including $87,837 | ||||||
and $70,305 as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 222,022 | 184,133 | ||||
Brokerage receivables | 33,634 | 44,278 | ||||
Trading account assets (including $111,219 and $148,703 pledged to creditors at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively) | 342,773 | 377,635 | ||||
Investments (including $15,154 and $14,875 pledged to creditors at December 31, 2009 | ||||||
and December 31, 2008, respectively and $246,429 and $184,451 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 306,119 | 256,020 | ||||
Loans, net of unearned income | ||||||
Consumer (including $34 and $36 at fair value as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively) | 424,057 | 481,387 | ||||
Corporate (including $1,405 and $2,696 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 167,447 | 212,829 | ||||
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 591,504 | $ | 694,216 | ||
Allowance for loan losses | (36,033 | ) | (29,616 | ) | ||
Total loans, net | $ | 555,471 | $ | 664,600 | ||
Goodwill | 25,392 | 27,132 | ||||
Intangible assets (other than MSRs) | 8,714 | 14,159 | ||||
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) | 6,530 | 5,657 | ||||
Other assets (including $12,664 and $21,372 as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 respectively, at fair value) | 163,105 | 165,272 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 1,856,646 | $ | 1,938,470 | ||
Liabilities | ||||||
Non-interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices | $ | 71,325 | $ | 55,485 | ||
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices (including $700 and $1,335 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 232,093 | 234,491 | ||||
Non-interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S. | 44,904 | 37,412 | ||||
Interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S. (including $845 and $1,271 at December 31, 2009 | ||||||
and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 487,581 | 446,797 | ||||
Total deposits | $ | 835,903 | $ | 774,185 | ||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (including $104,030 | ||||||
and $138,866 as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 154,281 | 205,293 | ||||
Brokerage payables | 60,846 | 70,916 | ||||
Trading account liabilities | 137,512 | 165,800 | ||||
Short-term borrowings (including $639 and $17,607 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 68,879 | 126,691 | ||||
Long-term debt (including $25,942 and $27,263 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 364,019 | 359,593 | ||||
Other liabilities (including $11,542 and $13,567 as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, at fair value) | 80,233 | 91,970 | ||||
Total liabilities | $ | 1,701,673 | $ | 1,794,448 | ||
Stockholders' equity | ||||||
Preferred stock ($1.00 par value; authorized shares: 30 million), issued shares: 12,038 at December 31, 2009 , at aggregate liquidation value | $ | 312 | $ | 70,664 | ||
Common stock ($0.01 par value; authorized shares: 60 billion), issued shares: 28,626,100,389 at December 31, 2009 | ||||||
and 5,671,743,807 at December 31, 2008 | 286 | 57 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital | 98,142 | 19,165 | ||||
Retained earnings | 77,440 | 86,521 | ||||
Treasury stock, at cost: 2009-142,833,099 shares and 2008-221,675,719 shares | (4,543 | ) | (9,582 | ) | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (18,937 | ) | (25,195 | ) | ||
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity | $ | 152,700 | $ | 141,630 | ||
Noncontrolling interest | 2,273 | 2,392 | ||||
Total equity | $ | 154,973 | $ | 144,022 | ||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,856,646 | $ | 1,938,470 |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
121
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries |
Year ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
Amounts | Shares | ||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars, except shares in thousands | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Preferred stock at aggregate liquidation value | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 70,664 | $ | - | $ | 1,000 | 829 | - | 4,000 | ||||||
Redemption or retirement of preferred stock | (74,005 | ) | - | (1,000 | ) | (824 | ) | - | (4,000 | ) | |||||
Issuance of new preferred stock | 3,530 | 70,627 | - | 7 | 829 | - | |||||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | 123 | 37 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 312 | $ | 70,664 | $ | - | 12 | 829 | - | ||||||
Common stock and additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 19,222 | $ | 18,062 | $ | 18,308 | 5,671,744 | 5,477,416 | 5,477,416 | ||||||
Employee benefit plans | (4,395 | ) | (1,921 | ) | 455 | - | - | - | |||||||
Issuance of new common stock | - | 4,911 | - | - | 194,328 | - | |||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock | 61,963 | - | - | 17,372,588 | - | - | |||||||||
Reset of convertible preferred stock conversion price | 1,285 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Issuance of shares and T-DECs for TARP repayment | 20,298 | - | - | 5,581,768 | - | - | |||||||||
Issuance of shares for Nikko Cordial acquisition | - | (3,500 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Issuance of TARP-related warrants | 88 | 1,797 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Issuance of shares for Grupo Cuscatlán acquisition | - | - | 118 | - | - | - | |||||||||
Issuance of shares for ATD acquisition | - | - | 74 | - | - | - | |||||||||
Present value of stock purchase contract payments | - | - | (888 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||
Other | (33 | ) | (127 | ) | (5 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 98,428 | $ | 19,222 | $ | 18,062 | 28,626,100 | 5,671,744 | 5,477,416 | ||||||
Retained earnings | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 86,521 | $ | 121,769 | $ | 129,116 | |||||||||
Adjustment to opening balance, net of taxes (1) (2) | 413 | - | (186 | ) | |||||||||||
Adjusted balance, beginning of period | $ | 86,934 | $ | 121,769 | $ | 128,930 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) | (1,606 | ) | (27,684 | ) | 3,617 | ||||||||||
Common dividends (3) | (36 | ) | (6,050 | ) | (10,733 | ) | |||||||||
Preferred dividends | (3,202 | ) | (1,477 | ) | (45 | ) | |||||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | (123 | ) | (37 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Reset of convertible preferred stock conversion price | (1,285 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock | (3,242 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 77,440 | $ | 86,521 | $ | 121,769 | |||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost | |||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | (9,582 | ) | $ | (21,724 | ) | $ | (25,092 | ) | (221,676 | ) | (482,835 | ) | (565,422 | ) |
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee benefit plans | 5,020 | 4,270 | 2,853 | 79,247 | 84,724 | 68,839 | |||||||||
Treasury stock acquired (4) | (3 | ) | (7 | ) | (663 | ) | (971 | ) | (343 | ) | (12,463 | ) | |||
Issuance of shares for Nikko acquisition | - | 7,858 | - | - | 174,653 | - | |||||||||
Issuance of shares for Grupo Cuscatlán acquisition | - | - | 637 | - | - | 14,192 | |||||||||
Issuance of shares for ATD acquisition | - | - | 503 | - | - | 11,172 | |||||||||
Other | 22 | 21 | 38 | 567 | 2,125 | 847 | |||||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | (4,543 | ) | $ | (9,582 | ) | $ | (21,724 | ) | (142,833 | ) | (221,676 | ) | (482,835 | ) |
(Statement continues on next page)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries |
(Continued) |
Year ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||
Amounts | Shares | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars, except shares in thousands | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | (25,195 | ) | $ | (4,660 | ) | $ | (3,700 | ) | |||||
Adjustment to opening balance, net of taxes (1)(5) | (413 | ) | - | 149 | ||||||||||
Adjusted balance, beginning of period | $ | (25,608 | ) | $ | (4,660 | ) | $ | (3,551 | ) | |||||
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, net of taxes | 5,713 | (10,118 | ) | (621 | ) | |||||||||
Net change in cash flow hedges, net of taxes | 2,007 | (2,026 | ) | (3,102 | ) | |||||||||
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes | (203 | ) | (6,972 | ) | 2,024 | |||||||||
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes (6) | (846 | ) | (1,419 | ) | 590 | |||||||||
Net change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 6,671 | $ | (20,535 | ) | $ | (1,109 | ) | ||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | (18,937 | ) | $ | (25,195 | ) | $ | (4,660 | ) | |||||
Total Citigroup common stockholders' equity and common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding | $ | 152,388 | $ | 70,966 | $ | 113,447 | 28,483,267 | 5,450,068 | 4,994,581 | |||||
Total Citigroup stockholders' equity | $ | 152,700 | $ | 141,630 | $ | 113,447 | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | ||||||||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 2,392 | $ | 5,308 | $ | 2,713 | ||||||||
Initial origination of a noncontrolling interest | 285 | 1,409 | 2,814 | |||||||||||
Transactions between noncontrolling interest shareholders and the related | ||||||||||||||
consolidating subsidiary | (134 | ) | (2,348 | ) | (573 | ) | ||||||||
Transactions between Citigroup and the noncontrolling-interest shareholders | (354 | ) | (1,207 | ) | (160 | ) | ||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling-interest shareholders | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | ||||||||||
Dividends paid to noncontrolling–interest shareholders | (17 | ) | (168 | ) | (226 | ) | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income-net change in unrealized gains and | ||||||||||||||
losses on investment securities, net of tax | 5 | 3 | (10 | ) | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income-net change in FX translation | ||||||||||||||
adjustment, net of tax | 39 | (167 | ) | 140 | ||||||||||
All other | (38 | ) | (95 | ) | 327 | |||||||||
Net change in noncontrolling interests | $ | (119 | ) | $ | (2,916 | ) | $ | 2,595 | ||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 2,273 | $ | 2,392 | $ | 5,308 | ||||||||
Total equity | $ | 154,973 | $ | 144,022 | $ | 118,755 | ||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,511 | ) | $ | (28,027 | ) | $ | 3,900 | ||||||
Net change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 6,715 | (20,699 | ) | (979 | ) | |||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 5,204 | $ | (48,726 | ) | $ | 2,921 | |||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests | $ | 139 | $ | (507 | ) | $ | 413 | |||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Citigroup | $ | 5,065 | $ | (48,219 | ) | $ | 2,508 |
(1) | The adjustment to the opening balances for Retained earnings and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) represents the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASC 320-10-35-34, Investments-Debt and Equity securities: Recognition of an Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (formerly FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2). | |
(2) | The adjustment to the opening balance of Retained earnings in 2007 represents the total of the after-tax gain (loss) amounts for the adoption of the following accounting pronouncements: | |
• ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (SFAS 157) for $75 million, | ||
• ASC 825-10-05, Financial Instruments-Fair Value Option (SFAS 159) for $(99) million, | ||
• ASC 840, Leases (FSP 13-2) for $(148) million, and | ||
• ASC 740, Income Taxes (FIN 48) for $(14) million. | ||
See Notes 1, 26 and 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | ||
(3) | Common dividends declared were as follows: $0.01 per share in the first quarter of 2009, $0.32 per share in the first, second and third quarters of 2008, $0.16 in the fourth quarter of 2008; $0.54 per share in the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2007. | |
(4) | All open market repurchases were transacted under an existing authorized share repurchase plan and relate to customer fails/errors. | |
(5) | The after-tax adjustment to the opening balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) represents the reclassification of the unrealized gains (losses) related to the Legg Mason securities as well as several miscellaneous items previously reported. The related unrealized gains and losses were reclassified to Retained earnings upon the adoption of the fair value option. See Notes 1, 26 and 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. | |
(6) | In 2009, reflects decreased return on assets for the U.S. plan. In 2008, reflects decreased fair value of plan assets and a lower discount rate, which increased the PBO (Projected Benefit Obligation). In 2007, reflects changes in the funded status of the Company's pension and postretirement plans. |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS | Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries |
Year ended December 31 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations | |||||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,511 | ) | $ | (28,027 | ) | $ | 3,900 | |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | |||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | 3,617 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (402 | ) | 1,070 | 708 | |||||
Gain (loss) on sale, net of taxes | (43 | ) | 2,932 | - | |||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations-excluding noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,161 | ) | $ | (31,686 | ) | $ | 2,909 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits | $ | 434 | $ | 206 | $ | 369 | |||
Additions to deferred policy acquisition costs | (461 | ) | (397 | ) | (482 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,853 | 2,466 | 2,421 | ||||||
Deferred tax benefit | (7,709 | ) | (20,535 | ) | (3,927 | ) | |||
Provision for credit losses | 39,004 | 33,311 | 16,982 | ||||||
Change in trading account assets | 25,864 | 123,845 | (62,798 | ) | |||||
Change in trading account liabilities | (25,382 | ) | (14,604 | ) | 20,893 | ||||
Change in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | (43,726 | ) | 89,933 | 38,143 | |||||
Change in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | (47,669 | ) | (98,950 | ) | (56,983 | ) | |||
Change in brokerage receivables net of brokerage payables | 1,847 | (954 | ) | (15,529 | ) | ||||
Realized gains from sales of investments | (1,996 | ) | (679 | ) | (1,168 | ) | |||
Change in loans held-for-sale | (1,711 | ) | 29,009 | (30,649 | ) | ||||
Other, net | 4,094 | (14,445 | ) | 18,268 | |||||
Total adjustments | $ | (54,558 | ) | $ | 128,206 | $ | (74,460 | ) | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations | $ | (55,719 | ) | $ | 96,520 | $ | (71,551 | ) | |
Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations | |||||||||
Change in deposits with banks | $ | 2,519 | $ | (100,965 | ) | $ | (17,216 | ) | |
Change in loans | (148,651 | ) | (270,521 | ) | (361,934 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans | 241,367 | 313,808 | 273,464 | ||||||
Purchases of investments | (281,115 | ) | (344,336 | ) | (274,426 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sales of investments | 85,395 | 93,666 | 211,753 | ||||||
Proceeds from maturities of investments | 133,614 | 209,312 | 121,346 | ||||||
Capital expenditures on premises and equipment | (1,146 | ) | (2,541 | ) | (4,003 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment, subsidiaries and affiliates, and repossessed assets | 6,303 | 23,966 | 4,253 | ||||||
Business acquisitions | - | - | (15,614 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of continuing operations | $ | 38,286 | $ | (77,611 | ) | $ | (62,377 | ) | |
Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations | |||||||||
Dividends paid | $ | (3,237 | ) | $ | (7,526 | ) | $ | (10,778 | ) |
Issuance of common stock | 17,514 | 6,864 | 1,060 | ||||||
Issuances (redemptions) of preferred stock, net | - | 70,626 | (1,000 | ) | |||||
Issuances of T-DECs - APIC | 2,784 | - | - | ||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (3 | ) | (7 | ) | (663 | ) | |||
Stock tendered for payment of withholding taxes | (120 | ) | (400 | ) | (951 | ) | |||
Issuance of long-term debt | 110,088 | 90,414 | 118,496 | ||||||
Payments and redemptions of long-term debt | (123,743 | ) | (132,901 | ) | (65,517 | ) | |||
Change in deposits | 61,718 | (37,811 | ) | 93,422 | |||||
Change in short-term borrowings | (51,995 | ) | (13,796 | ) | 10,425 | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of continuing operations | $ | 13,006 | $ | (24,537 | ) | $ | 144,494 | ||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | $ | 632 | $ | (2,948 | ) | $ | 1,005 | ||
Discontinued operations | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations | $ | 14 | $ | (377 | ) | $ | 121 | ||
Change in cash and due from banks | $ | (3,781 | ) | $ | (8,953 | ) | $ | 11,692 | |
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | 29,253 | 38,206 | 26,514 | ||||||
Cash and due from banks at end of period | $ | 25,472 | $ | 29,253 | $ | 38,206 | |||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information for continuing operations | |||||||||
Cash (received) paid during the year for income taxes | $ | (289 | ) | $ | 3,170 | $ | 5,923 | ||
Cash paid during the year for interest | $ | 28,389 | $ | 55,678 | $ | 72,732 | |||
Non-cash investing activities | |||||||||
Transfers to repossessed assets | $ | 2,880 | $ | 3,439 | $ | 2,287 | |||
Transfers to investments (held-to-maturity) from trading account assets | - | 33,258 | - | ||||||
Transfers to investments (available-for-sale) from trading account assets | - | 4,654 | - | ||||||
Transfers to loans held for investment (loans) from loans held-for-sale | - | $ | 15,891 | - |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CITIBANK CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET | Citibank, N.A. and Subsidiaries |
December 31 | ||||||
In millions of dollars, except shares | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Assets | ||||||
Cash and due from banks | $ | 20,246 | $ | 22,107 | ||
Deposits with banks | 154,372 | 156,774 | ||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell | 31,434 | 41,613 | ||||
Trading account assets (including $914 and $12,092 pledged to creditors at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively) | 156,380 | 197,052 | ||||
Investments (including $3,849 and $3,028 pledged to creditors at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively) | 233,086 | 165,914 | ||||
Loans, net of unearned income | 477,974 | 555,198 | ||||
Allowance for loan losses | (22,685 | ) | (18,273 | ) | ||
Total loans, net | $ | 455,289 | $ | 536,925 | ||
Goodwill | 10,200 | 10,148 | ||||
Intangible assets | 8,243 | 7,689 | ||||
Premises and equipment, net | 4,832 | 5,331 | ||||
Interest and fees receivable | 6,840 | 7,171 | ||||
Other assets | 80,439 | 76,316 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 1,161,361 | $ | 1,227,040 | ||
Liabilities | ||||||
Non-interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices | $ | 76,729 | $ | 55,223 | ||
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices | 176,149 | 185,322 | ||||
Non-interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S. | 39,414 | 33,769 | ||||
Interest-bearing deposits in offices outside the U.S. | 479,350 | 480,984 | ||||
Total deposits | $ | 771,642 | $ | 755,298 | ||
Trading account liabilities | 52,010 | 108,921 | ||||
Purchased funds and other borrowings | 89,503 | 116,333 | ||||
Accrued taxes and other expenses | 9,046 | 8,192 | ||||
Long-term debt and subordinated notes | 82,086 | 113,381 | ||||
Other liabilities | 39,181 | 42,475 | ||||
Total liabilities | $ | 1,043,468 | $ | 1,144,600 | ||
Citibank stockholder's equity | ||||||
Capital stock ($20 par value) outstanding shares: 37,534,553 in each period | $ | 751 | $ | 751 | ||
Surplus | 107,923 | 74,767 | ||||
Retained earnings | 19,457 | 21,735 | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1) | (11,532 | ) | (15,895 | ) | ||
Total Citibank stockholder's equity | $ | 116,599 | $ | 81,358 | ||
Noncontrolling interest | 1,294 | 1,082 | ||||
Total equity | $ | 117,893 | $ | 82,440 | ||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,161,361 | $ | 1,227,040 |
(1) | Amounts at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 include the after-tax amounts for net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities of $(4.735) billion and $(8.008) billion, respectively, for foreign currency translation of $(3.255) billion and $(3.964) billion, respectively, for cash flow hedges of $(2.367) billion and $(3.247) billion, respectively, and for pension liability adjustments of $(1.175) billion and $(676) million, respectively. |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
125
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Citigroup and its subsidiaries (the Company). The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights or where it exercises control. Entities where the Company holds 20% to 50% of the voting rights and/or has the ability to exercise significant influence, other than investments of designated venture capital subsidiaries, or investments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, are accounted for under the equity method, and the pro rata share of their income (loss) is included in Other revenue . Income from investments in less than 20%-owned companies is recognized when dividends are received. As discussed below, Citigroup consolidates entities deemed to be variable-interest entities when Citigroup is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Gains and losses on the disposition of branches, subsidiaries, affiliates, buildings, and other investments and charges for management's estimate of impairment in their value that is other than temporary, such that recovery of the carrying amount is deemed unlikely, are included in Other revenue .
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior-period's financial statements and notes to conform to the current period's presentation.
Citibank, N.A.
Citibank, N.A. is a commercial bank and wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. Citibank's principal offerings include consumer finance, mortgage lending, and retail banking products and services; investment banking, commercial banking, cash management, trade finance and e-commerce products and services; and private banking products and services.
The Company includes a balance sheet and statement of changes in stockholder's equity for Citibank, N.A. to provide information about this entity to shareholders and international regulatory agencies. (See Note 31 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.)
Variable Interest Entities
An entity is referred to as a variable interest entity (VIE) if it meets the criteria outlined in ASC 810, Consolidation (formerly FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003) (FIN 46(R)), which are: (1) the entity has equity that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) the entity has equity investors that cannot make significant decisions about the entity's operations or that do not absorb their proportionate share of the expected losses or receive the expected returns of the entity.
In addition, a VIE must be consolidated by the Company if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, which is the party involved with the VIE that has a majority of the expected losses or a majority of the expected residual returns or both.
Along with the VIEs that are consolidated in accordance with these guidelines, the Company has significant variable interests in other VIEs that are not consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary.
These include multi-seller finance companies, certain collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), many structured finance transactions, and various investment funds.
However, these VIEs as well as all other unconsolidated VIEs are regularly monitored by the Company to determine if any reconsideration events have occurred that could cause its primary beneficiary status to change. These events include:
All other entities not deemed to be VIEs with which the Company has involvement are evaluated for consolidation under other subtopics of ASC 810 (formerly Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements , SFAS No. 94, Consolidation of All Majority-Owned Subsidiaries , and EITF Issue No. 04-5, "Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.")
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end spot foreign-exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated monthly at amounts that approximate weighted average exchange rates, with resulting transaction gains and losses included in income. The effects of translating net assets with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are included in a separate component of stockholders' equity along with related hedge and tax effects. The effects of translating income from transactions denominated in foreign currency subsidiaries with the U.S. dollar as the functional currency, including those in highly inflationary environments, are primarily included in Other revenue along with the related hedge effects. Hedges of foreign currency exposures include forward foreign currency, option and swap contracts and designated issues of non-U.S. dollar debt.
Investment Securities
Investments include fixed income and equity securities. Fixed income instruments include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stocks, as well as certain loan-backed and structured securities that are subject to prepayment risk. Equity securities include common and nonredeemable preferred stocks. Investment securities are classified and accounted for as follows:
Fixed income securities classified as "held-to-maturity" represent securities that the Company has both the ability and the intent to hold until maturity, and are carried at amortized cost. Interest income on such securities is included in Interest revenue .
126
For investments in fixed-income securities classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale, accrual of interest income is suspended for investments that are in default or on which it is likely that future interest payments will not be made as scheduled.
The Company uses a number of valuation techniques for investments carried at fair value, which are described in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Trading Account Assets and Liabilities
Trading account assets include debt and marketable equity securities, derivatives in a receivable position, residual interests in securitizations and physical commodities inventory. In addition (as set out in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), certain assets that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value under the fair value option, such as loans and purchased guarantees, are also included in Trading account assets .
Trading account liabilities include securities sold, not yet purchased (short positions), and derivatives in a net payable position, as well as certain liabilities that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value, as set out in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other than physical commodities inventory, all trading account assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. Revenues generated from trading assets and trading liabilities are generally reported in Principal transactions and include realized gains and losses as well as unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of such instruments. Interest income on trading assets is recorded in Interest revenue reduced by interest expense on trading liabilities.
Physical commodities inventory is carried at the lower of cost or market (LOCOM) with related gains or losses reported in Principal transactions . Realized gains and losses on sales of commodities inventory are included in Principal transactions on a "first in, first out" basis.
Derivatives used for trading purposes include interest rate, currency, equity, credit, and commodity swap agreements, options, caps and floors, warrants, and financial and commodity futures and forward contracts. Derivative asset and liability positions are presented net by counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheet when a valid master netting agreement exists and the other conditions set out in ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet-Offsetting (formerly FASB Interpretation No. 39, "Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts") are met.
The Company uses a number of techniques to determine the fair value of trading assets and liabilities, all of which are described in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned
Securities borrowing and lending transactions generally do not constitute a sale of the underlying securities for accounting purposes, and so are treated as collateralized financing transactions when the transaction involves the exchange of cash. Such transactions are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received plus accrued interest. As set out in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has elected to apply fair value accounting to a number of securities borrowing and lending transactions. Irrespective of whether the Company has elected fair value accounting, fees paid or received for all securities lending and borrowing transactions are recorded in Interest expense or Interest revenue at the contractually specified rate.
Where the conditions of ASC 210-20 are met, amounts recognized in respect of securities borrowed and securities loaned are presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
With respect to securities borrowed or loaned, the Company pays or receives cash collateral in an amount in excess of the market value of securities borrowed or loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis with additional collateral received or paid as necessary.
As described in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses a discounted cash flow technique to determine the fair value of securities lending and borrowing transactions.
Repurchase and Resale Agreements
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repos) and securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repos) generally do not constitute a sale for accounting purposes of the underlying securities, and so are treated as collateralized financing transactions. As set out in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has elected to apply fair value accounting to a majority of such transactions, with changes in fair value reported in earnings. Any transactions for which fair value accounting has not been elected are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received plus accrued interest. Irrespective of whether the Company has elected fair value accounting, interest paid or received on all repo and reverse repo transactions is recorded in Interest expense or Interest revenue at the contractually specified rate.
127
Where the conditions of ASC 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet-Offsetting: Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements (formerly FASB Interpretation No. 41, "Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements"), are met, repos and reverse repos are presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company's policy is to take possession of securities purchased under agreements to resell. The market value of securities to be repurchased and resold is monitored, and additional collateral is obtained where appropriate to protect against credit exposure.
As described in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses a discounted cash flow technique to determine the fair value of repo and reverse repo transactions.
Loans
Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any unearned income and unamortized deferred fees and costs except that credit card receivable balances also include accrued interest and fees. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are generally deferred and recognized as adjustments to income over the lives of the related loans.
As described in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has elected fair value accounting for certain loans. Such loans are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. Interest income on such loans is recorded in Interest revenue at the contractually specified rate.
Loans for which the fair value option has not been elected are classified upon origination or acquisition as either held-for-investment or held-for-sale. This classification is based on management's initial intent and ability with regard to those loans.
Loans that are held-for-investment are classified as Loans, net of unearned income on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the related cash flows are included within the cash flows from investing activities category in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on the line Change in loans . However, when the initial intent for holding a loan has changed from held-for-investment to held-for-sale, the loan is reclassified to held-for-sale, but the related cash flows continue to be reported in cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on the line Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans .
Substantially all of the consumer loans sold or securitized by Citigroup are U.S. prime residential mortgage loans or U.S. credit card receivables. The practice of the U.S. prime mortgage business has been to sell all of its loans except for non-conforming adjustable rate loans. U.S. prime mortgage conforming loans are classified as held-for-sale at the time of origination. The related cash flows are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the cash flows from operating activities category on the line Change in loans held-for-sale .
U.S. credit card receivables are classified at origination as loans-held-for-sale to the extent that management does not have the intent to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future or until maturity. The U.S. credit card securitization forecast for the three months following the latest balance sheet date, excluding replenishments, is the basis for the amount of such loans classified as held-for-sale.
Cash flows related to U.S. credit card loans classified as held-for-sale at origination or acquisition are reported in the cash flows from operating activities category on the line Change in loans held-for-sale .
Consumer loans
Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by the Regional Consumer Banking and Local Consumer Lending businesses. As a general rule, interest accrual ceases for installment and real estate (both open- and closed-end) loans when payments are 90 days contractually past due. For credit cards and unsecured revolving loans, however, the Company generally accrues interest until payments are 180 days past due. Loans that have been modified to grant a short-term or long-term concession to a borrower who is in financial difficulty may not be accruing interest at the time of the modification. The policy for returning such modified loans to accrual status varies by product and/or region. In most cases, a minimum number of payments (ranging from one to six) are required, while in other cases the loan is never returned to accrual status.
Citi's charge-off policies follow the general guidelines below:
Unsecured installment loans are charged off at 120 days past due. Unsecured revolving loans and credit card loans are charged off at 180 days contractually past due. Loans secured with non-real estate collateral are written down to the estimated value of the collateral, less costs to sell, at 120 days past due. Real estate-secured loans are written down to the estimated value of the property, less costs to sell, at 180 days contractually past due. Non-bank loans secured by real estate are written down to the estimated value of the property, less costs to sell, at the earlier of the receipt of title or 12 months in foreclosure (a process that must commence when payments are 120 days contractually past due). Non-bank auto loans are written down to the estimated value of the collateral, less costs to sell, at repossession or, if repossession is not pursued, no later than 180 days contractually past due. Non-bank unsecured personal loans are charged off when the loan is 180 days contractually past due if there have been no payments within the last six months, but in no event can these loans exceed 360 days contractually past due. Unsecured loans in bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of notification of filing by the bankruptcy court or within the contractual write-off periods, whichever occurs earlier. Real estate-secured loans in bankruptcy are written down to the estimated value of the property, less costs to sell, 60 days after notification if the borrower is 60 days contractually past due. Non-bank unsecured personal loans in bankruptcy are charged off when they are 30 days contractually past due.
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Corporate loans
Corporate loans represent loans and leases managed by ICG or the Special Asset Pool . Corporate loans are identified as impaired and placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due, except when the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. Any interest accrued on impaired corporate loans and leases is reversed at 90 days and charged against current earnings, and interest is thereafter included in earnings only to the extent actually received in cash. When there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of principal, all cash receipts are thereafter applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan.
Impaired corporate loans and leases are written down to the extent that principal is judged to be uncollectible. Impaired collateral-dependent loans and leases, where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value. Cash-basis loans are returned to an accrual status when all contractual principal and interest amounts are reasonably assured of repayment and there is a sustained period of repayment performance in accordance with the contractual terms.
Loans Held-for-Sale
Corporate and consumer loans that have been identified for sale are classified as loans held-for-sale included in Other assets . With the exception of certain mortgage loans for which the fair value option has been elected, these loans are accounted for at the lower of cost or market value (LOCOM), with any write-downs or subsequent recoveries charged to Other revenue .
Allowance for Loan Losses
Allowance for loan losses represents management's best estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio, as well as probable losses related to large individually evaluated impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings. Attribution of the allowance is made for analytical purposes only, and the entire allowance is available to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the overall portfolio. Additions to the allowance are made through the provision for credit losses. Credit losses are deducted from the allowance, and subsequent recoveries are added. Securities received in exchange for loan claims in debt restructurings are initially recorded at fair value, with any gain or loss reflected as a recovery or charge-off to the allowance, and are subsequently accounted for as securities available-for-sale.
Corporate loans
In the Corporate portfolios, the allowance for loan losses includes an asset-specific component and a statistically-based component. The asset specific component is calculated under ASC 310-10-35, Receivables-Subsequent Measurement (formerly SFAS 114) on an individual basis for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which are considered impaired. An asset-specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value (less disposal costs), or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than its carrying value. This allowance considers the borrower's overall financial condition, resources, and payment record, the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors and, if appropriate, the realizable value of any collateral. The asset specific component of the allowance for smaller balance impaired loans is calculated on a pool basis considering historical loss experience. The allowance for the remainder of the loan portfolio is calculated under ASC 450, Contingencies (formerly SFAS 5) using a statistical methodology, supplemented by management judgment. The statistical analysis considers the portfolio's size, remaining tenor, and credit quality as measured by internal risk ratings assigned to individual credit facilities, which reflect probability of default and loss given default. The statistical analysis considers historical default rates and historical loss severity in the event of default, including historical average levels and historical variability. The result is an estimated range for inherent losses. The best estimate within the range is then determined by management's quantitative and qualitative assessment of current conditions, including general economic conditions, specific industry and geographic trends, and internal factors including portfolio concentrations, trends in internal credit quality indicators, and current and past underwriting standards.
Consumer loans
For Consumer loans , each portfolio of smaller-balance, homogeneous loans-including consumer mortgage, installment, revolving credit, and most other consumer loans-is independently evaluated for impairment. The allowance for loan losses attributed to these loans is established via a process that estimates the probable losses inherent in the specific portfolio based upon various analyses. These include migration analysis, in which historical delinquency and credit loss experience is applied to the current aging of the portfolio, together with analyses that reflect current trends and conditions.
Management also considers overall portfolio indicators, including historical credit losses, delinquent, non-performing, and classified loans, trends in volumes and terms of loans, an evaluation of overall credit quality, the credit process, including lending policies and procedures, and economic, geographical, product and other environmental factors.
In addition, valuation allowances are determined for impaired smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties and where it has been determined that a concession will be granted to the borrower. Such modifications may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness and/or term extensions. Where long-term concessions have been granted, such modifications are accounted for
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as "Troubled Debt Restructurings" (TDRs). The allowance for loan losses for TDRs is determined by comparing expected cash flows of the loans discounted at the loans' original effective interest rates to the carrying value of the loans. Where short-term concessions have been granted, the allowance for loan losses is calculated by the analyses described above for smaller-balance, homogeneous loans and also reflects the estimated future credit losses for those loans.
Reserve Estimates and Policies
Management provides reserves for an estimate of probable losses inherent in the funded loan portfolio on the balance sheet in the form of an allowance for loan losses. These reserves are established in accordance with Citigroup's Credit Reserve Policies, as approved by the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. The Company's Chief Risk Officer and Chief Financial Officer review the adequacy of the credit loss reserves each quarter with representatives from the Risk Management and Finance staffs for each applicable business area.
The above-mentioned representatives covering the business areas having classifiably managed portfolios, where internal credit-risk ratings are assigned (primarily ICG, Regional Consumer Banking and Local Consumer Lending ), or modified consumer loans, where concessions were granted due to the borrowers' financial difficulties present recommended reserve balances for their funded and unfunded lending portfolios along with supporting quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data include:
Estimated probable losses for non-performing, non-homogeneous exposures within a business line's classifiably managed portfolio and impaired smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties, and it was determined that a long-term concession was granted to the borrower. Consideration may be given to the following, as appropriate, when determining this estimate: (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective rate; (ii) the borrower's overall financial condition, resources and payment record; and (iii) the prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors or the realizable value of any collateral. When impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, the entire change in present value is recorded in the Provision for loan losses . Statistically calculated losses inherent in the classifiably managed portfolio for performing and de minimis non-performing exposures .The calculation is based upon: (i) Citigroup's internal system of credit-risk ratings, which are analogous to the risk ratings of the major rating agencies; and (ii) historical default and loss data, including rating-agency information regarding default rates from 1983 to 2008, and internal data dating to the early 1970s on severity of losses in the event of default. Additional adjustments include : (i) statistically calculated estimates to cover the historical fluctuation of the default rates over the credit cycle, the historical variability of loss severity among defaulted loans, and the degree to which there are large obligor concentrations in the global portfolio; and (ii) adjustments made for specifically known items, such as current environmental factors and credit trends.
In addition, representatives from both the Risk Management and Finance staffs that cover business areas that have delinquency-managed portfolios containing smaller homogeneous loans (primarily the non-commercial lending areas of Regional Consumer Banking ) present their recommended reserve balances based upon leading credit indicators, including loan delinquencies and changes in portfolio size as well as economic trends including housing prices, unemployment and GDP. This methodology is applied separately for each individual product within each different geographic region in which these portfolios exist.
This evaluation
process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. The frequency of
default, risk ratings, loss recovery rates, the size and diversity of individual
large credits, and the ability of borrowers with foreign currency obligations to
obtain the foreign currency necessary for orderly debt servicing, among other
things, are all taken into account during this review. Changes in these
estimates could have a direct impact on the credit costs in any quarter and
could result in a change in the allowance. Changes to the reserve flow through
the Consolidated Statement of Income on the lines Provision for loan losses and Provision for unfunded lending commitments.
Additional information on the allowance for loan
losses is included in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Allowance for Unfunded Lending Commitments
A similar approach to the allowance for loan losses is used for calculating a reserve for the expected losses related to unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit. This reserve is classified on the balance sheet in Other liabilities .
Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSRs)
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) are recognized as intangible assets when purchased or when the Company sells or securitizes loans acquired through purchase or origination and retains the right to service the loans.
Servicing rights in the U.S. mortgage and student loan classes of servicing rights are accounted for at fair value, with changes in value recorded in current earnings.
Additional information on the Company's MSRs can be found in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Representations and Warranties
When selling a loan, the Company makes various representations and warranties relating to, among other things, the following:
the Company's ownership of the loan; the validity of the lien securing the loan; the absence of delinquent taxes or liens against the property securing the loan; the effectiveness of title insurance on the property securing the loan; the process used in selecting the loans for inclusion in a transaction; the loan's compliance with any applicable loan criteria (e.g., loan balance limits, property type, delinquency status) established by the buyer; and the loan's compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws.
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Citigroup's repurchases are primarily from Government Sponsored Entities. The specific representations and warranties made by the Company depend on the nature of the transaction and the requirements of the buyer. Market conditions and credit-ratings agency requirements may also affect representations and warranties and the other provisions the Company may agree to in loan sales.
In the event of a breach of the representations and warranties, the Company may be required to either repurchase the mortgage loans (generally at unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest) with the identified defects or indemnify ("make-whole") the investor or insurer. The Company has recorded a repurchase reserve that is included in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In the case of a repurchase, the Company will bear any subsequent credit loss on the mortgage loans. The Company's representations and warranties are generally not subject to stated limits in amount or time of coverage. However, contractual liability arises only when the representations and warranties are breached and generally only when a loss results from the breach. In the case of a repurchase, the loan is typically considered a credit-impaired loan and accounted for under SOP 03-3, "Accounting for Certain Loans and Debt Securities, Acquired in a Transfer" (now incorporated into ASC 310-30, Receivables-Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ). These repurchases have not had a material impact on nonperforming loan statistics, because credit-impaired purchased SOP 03-3 loans are not included in nonaccrual loans.
The request for loan documentation packages is an early indicator of a potential claim. During 2009, loan documentation package requests and the level of outstanding claims increased. In addition, our loss severity estimates increased during 2009 due to the impact of macroeconomic factors and recent experience. These factors contributed to a $493 million change in estimate for this reserve in 2009.
As indicated above, the repurchase reserve is calculated by sales vintage. The majority of the repurchases in 2009 were from the 2006 and 2007 sales vintages, which also represent the vintages with the largest loss-given-repurchase. An insignificant percentage of 2009 repurchases were from vintages prior to 2006, and this is expected to decrease, because those
vintages are later in the credit cycle. Although early in the credit cycle, the Company has experienced improved repurchase and loss-given-repurchase statistics from the 2008 and 2009 vintages.
In the case of a repurchase of a credit-impaired SOP 03-3 loan (now incorporated into ASC 310-30), the difference between the loan's fair value and unpaid principal balance at the time of the repurchase is recorded as a utilization of the repurchase reserve. Payments to make the investor whole are also treated as utilizations and charged directly against the reserve. The provision for estimated probable losses arising from loan sales is recorded as an adjustment to the gain on sale, which is included in Other revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income. A liability for representations and warranties is estimated when the Company sells loans and is updated quarterly. Any subsequent adjustment to the provision is recorded in Other revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The activity in the repurchase reserve for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 is as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 75 | $ | 2 | ||
Additions for new sales | 33 | 23 | ||||
Change in estimate | 493 | 59 | ||||
Utilizations | (119 | ) | (9 | ) | ||
Balance, end of the year | $ | 482 | $ | 75 |
Goodwill
Goodwill represents an acquired company's acquisition cost over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is subject to annual impairment tests, whereby Goodwill is allocated to the Company's reporting units and an impairment is deemed to exist if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Furthermore, on any business dispositions, Goodwill is allocated to the business disposed of based on the ratio of the fair value of the business disposed of to the fair value of the reporting unit.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets -including core deposit intangibles, present value of future profits, purchased credit card relationships, other customer relationships, and other intangible assets, but excluding MSRs-are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives, primarily certain asset management contracts and trade names, are not amortized and are subject to annual impairment tests. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. For other Intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds the fair value of the Intangible asset .
Other Assets and Other Liabilities
Other assets include, among other items, loans held-for-sale, deferred tax assets, equity-method investments, interest and fees receivable, premises and equipment, end-user derivatives in a net receivable position, repossessed assets, and other receivables.
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Other liabilities includes, among other items, accrued expenses and other payables, deferred tax liabilities, minority interest, end-user derivatives in a net payable position, and reserves for legal claims, taxes, restructuring reserves for unfunded lending commitments, and other matters.
Repossessed Assets
Upon repossession, loans are adjusted, if necessary, to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral and transferred to repossessed assets. This is reported in Other assets , net of a valuation allowance for selling costs and net declines in value as appropriate.
Securitizations
The Company primarily securitizes credit card receivables and mortgages. Other types of securitized assets include corporate debt instruments (in cash and synthetic form) and student loans.
There are two key accounting determinations that must be made relating to securitizations. First, in the case where Citigroup originated or owned the financial assets transferred to the securitization entity, a decision must be made as to whether that transfer is considered a sale under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). If it is a sale, the transferred assets are removed from the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet with a gain or loss recognized. Alternatively, when the transfer would be considered to be a financing rather than a sale, the assets will remain on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet with an offsetting liability recognized in the amount of proceeds received.
Second, a determination must be made as to whether the securitization entity would be included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. For each securitization entity with which it is involved, the Company makes a determination of whether the entity should be considered a subsidiary of the Company and be included in its Consolidated Financial Statements or whether the entity is sufficiently independent that it does not need to be consolidated. If the securitization entity's activities are sufficiently restricted to meet accounting requirements to be a qualifying special purpose entity (QSPE), the securitization entity is not consolidated by the seller of the transferred assets. If the securitization entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company consolidates the VIE if it is the primary beneficiary.
For all other securitization entities determined not to be VIEs in which Citigroup participates, a consolidation decision is made by evaluating several factors, including how much of the entity's ownership is in the hands of third-party investors, who controls the securitization entity, and who reaps the rewards and bears the risks of the entity. Only securitization entities controlled by Citigroup are consolidated.
Interests in the securitized and sold assets may be retained in the form of subordinated interest-only strips, subordinated tranches, spread accounts, and servicing rights. In credit
card securitizations, the Company retains a seller's interest in the credit card receivables transferred to the trusts, which is not in securitized form. Accordingly, the seller's interest is carried on a historical cost basis and classified as Consumer loans . Retained interests in securitized mortgage loans and student loans are classified as Trading account assets , as is a majority of the retained interests in securitized credit card receivables. Certain other retained interests are recorded as available-for-sale investments, but servicing rights are recorded at fair value and included in Intangible assets . Gains or losses on securitization and sale depend in part on the previous carrying amount of the loans involved in the transfer at the date of sale. Gains are recognized at the time of securitization and are reported in Other revenue.
The Company values its securitized retained interests at fair value using quoted market prices, if such positions are actively traded, or financial models that incorporate observable and unobservable inputs. More specifically, these models estimate the fair value of these retained interests by determining the present value of expected future cash flows, using modeling techniques that incorporate management's best estimates of key assumptions, including prepayment speeds, credit losses and discount rates, when observable inputs are not available. In addition, internally calculated fair values of retained interests are compared to recent sales of similar assets, if available.
Additional information on the Company's securitization activities can be found in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Debt
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt are generally accounted for at amortized cost, except where the Company has elected to report certain structured notes at fair value.
Transfers of Financial Assets
For a transfer of financial assets
to be considered a sale: the assets must have been isolated from the Company,
even in bankruptcy or other receivership; the purchaser must have the right to
sell the assets transferred or the purchaser must be a QSPE; and the Company may
not have an option or any obligation to reacquire the assets. If these sale
requirements are met, the assets are removed from the Company's Consolidated
Balance Sheet. If the conditions for sale are not met, the transfer is
considered to be a secured borrowing, the assets remain on the Consolidated
Balance Sheet, and the sale proceeds are recognized as the Company's liability.
A legal opinion on a sale is generally obtained for complex transactions or
where the Company has continuing
involvement with assets transferred or with the securitization entity. For a
transfer to be eligible for sale accounting, those opinions must state that the
asset transfer is considered a sale and that the assets transferred would not be
consolidated with the Company's Other assets in the
event of the Company's
insolvency.
See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for further discussion.
Risk
Management Activities-Derivatives Used for Non-Trading
Purposes
The
Company manages its exposures to market rate movements outside its trading
activities by modifying the asset and liability mix, either directly or through
the use of derivative financial products, including interest-rate swaps,
futures, forwards, and purchased-option positions, as well as foreign-exchange
contracts. These end-user derivatives are carried at fair value in Other assets or Other liabilities .
To qualify as a hedge under the hedge
accounting rules, a derivative must be highly effective in offsetting the risk
designated as being hedged.
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The hedge relationship
must be formally documented at inception, detailing the particular risk
management objective and strategy for the hedge, which includes the item and
risk that is being hedged and the derivative that is being used, as well as how
effectiveness will be assessed and ineffectiveness measured. The effectiveness
of these hedging relationships is evaluated on a retrospective and prospective
basis, typically using quantitative measures of correlation with hedge
ineffectiveness measured and recorded in current earnings. If a hedge
relationship is found to be ineffective, it no longer qualifies as a hedge and
hedge accounting would not be applied. Any gains or losses attributable to the
derivatives, as well as subsequent changes in fair value, are recognized in Other revenue with no offset on the hedged item, similar to
trading derivatives.
The foregoing criteria are applied on a
decentralized basis, consistent with the level at which market risk is managed,
but are subject to various limits and controls. The underlying asset, liability
or forecasted transaction may be an individual item or a portfolio of similar
items.
For fair value hedges, in which derivatives
hedge the fair value of assets or liabilities, changes in the fair value of
derivatives are reflected in Other revenue ,
together with changes in the fair value of the related hedged risk. These are
expected to, and generally do, offset each other. Any net amount, representing
hedge ineffectiveness, is reflected in current earnings. Citigroup's fair value
hedges are primarily hedges of fixed-rate long-term debt, and available-for-sale
securities.
For cash flow hedges, in which derivatives
hedge the variability of cash flows related to floating- and fixed-rate assets,
liabilities or forecasted transactions, the accounting treatment depends on the
effectiveness of the hedge. To the extent these derivatives are effective in
offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, the effective portion of
the changes in the derivatives' fair values will not be included in current
earnings, but are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) . These changes in fair value will be included
in earnings of future periods when the hedged cash flows impact earnings. To the
extent these derivatives are not effective, changes in their
fair values are immediately included in Other revenue . Citigroup's cash flow hedges primarily
include hedges of floating- and fixed-rate debt, as well as rollovers of
short-term fixed-rate liabilities and floating-rate
liabilities.
For net investment hedges in which derivatives
hedge the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation,
the accounting treatment will similarly depend on the effectiveness of the
hedge. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative,
including any forward premium or discount, is reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as part of the foreign currency translation
adjustment.
End-user derivatives that are economic hedges,
rather than qualifying for hedge accounting, are also carried at fair value,
with changes in value included in Principal transactions or Other revenue . Citigroup often uses economic hedges when
qualifying for hedge accounting would be too complex or operationally
burdensome; examples are hedges of the credit risk component of commercial loans
and loan commitments. Citigroup periodically evaluates its hedging strategies in
other areas and may designate
either a qualifying
hedge or an economic hedge, after considering the relative cost and benefits.
Economic hedges are also employed when the hedged item itself is
marked-to-market through current earnings, such as hedges of commitments to
originate one-to-four-family mortgage loans to be held-for-sale and mortgage
servicing rights (MSRs).
For those hedge relationships that are
terminated or when hedge designations are removed, the hedge accounting
treatment described in the paragraphs above is no longer applied. Instead, the
end-user derivative is terminated or transferred to the trading account. For
fair value hedges, any changes in the fair value of the hedged item remain as
part of the basis of the asset or liability and are ultimately reflected as an
element of the yield. For cash flow hedges, any changes in fair value of the
end-user derivative remain in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are included in earnings of future
periods when the hedged cash flows impact earnings. However, if the hedged
forecasted transaction is no longer likely to occur, any changes in fair value
of the end-user derivative are immediately reflected in Other revenue .
Employee
Benefits Expense
Employee benefits expense includes current service costs of pension and
other postretirement benefit plans, which are accrued on a current basis,
contributions and unrestricted awards under other employee plans, the
amortization of restricted stock awards and costs of other employee benefits.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense related to stock and option awards over the requisite service period based on the instruments' grant date fair value, reduced by expected forfeitures. Compensation cost related to awards granted to employees who meet certain age plus years-of-service requirements (retirement eligible employees) is accrued in the year prior to the grant date, in the same manner as the accrual for cash incentive compensation.
Income
Taxes
The
Company is subject to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states and
municipalities and those of the foreign jurisdictions in which the Company
operates. These tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by
the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities. In establishing a
provision for income tax expense, the Company must make judgments and
interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. The
Company must also make estimates about when in the future certain items will
affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions, both domestic and
foreign.
Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be subject to
review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may
be settled with the taxing authority upon examination or
audit.
The Company implemented FASB Interpretation
No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes " (FIN
48) (now ASC 740, Income Taxes), on January 1, 2007, which sets out a consistent
framework to determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for
uncertain tax positions. See "Accounting
Changes."
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The Company treats interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of Income tax expense .
Deferred taxes are recorded for the
future consequences of events that have been recognized for financial statements
or tax returns, based upon enacted tax laws and rates. Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to
management's judgment that realization is more likely than
not.
See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a further description of the Company's provision and related
income tax assets and liabilities.
Commissions, Underwriting and Principal
Transactions
Commissions, underwriting and principal transactions revenues and related
expenses are recognized in income on a trade-date basis.
Earnings
per Share
Earnings per share (EPS) is computed after deducting preferred-stock
dividends. The Company has granted restricted and deferred share awards that are
considered to be participating securities, which constitute a second class of
common stock. Accordingly, a portion of Citigroup's earnings is allocated to the
second class of common stock in the EPS
calculation.
Basic earnings per share is computed by
dividing income available to common stockholders after the allocation of
dividends and undistributed earnings to the second class of common stock by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted
earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if
securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised. It is
computed after giving consideration to the weighted average dilutive effect of
the Company's stock options and warrants, convertible securities, T-DECs, and
the shares that could have been issued under the Company's Management Committee
Long-Term Incentive Plan and after the allocation of earnings to the second
class of common stock.
Use of
Estimates
Management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the Consolidated Financial Statements
and the related footnote disclosures. Such estimates are used in connection with
certain fair value measurements. See Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for further discussions on estimates used in the determination of
fair value. The Company also uses estimates in determining consolidation
decisions for special-purpose entities as discussed in Note 23. Moreover,
estimates are significant in determining the amounts of other-than-temporary
impairments, impairments of goodwill and other intangible assets, provisions for
probable losses that may arise from credit-related exposures and probable and
estimable losses related to litigation and regulatory proceedings, and tax
reserves. While management makes its best judgment, actual amounts or results
could differ from those estimates. Current market conditions increase the risk
and complexity of the judgments in these estimates.
Cash
Flows
Cash
equivalents are defined as those amounts included in cash and due from banks.
Cash flows from risk management activities are classified in the same category
as the related assets and liabilities.
Related
Party Transactions
The Company has related party transactions with certain of its
subsidiaries and affiliates. These transactions, which are primarily short-term
in nature, include cash accounts, collateralized financing transactions, margin
accounts, derivative trading, charges for operational support and the borrowing
and lending of funds, and are entered into in the ordinary course of business.
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ACCOUNTING CHANGES
FASB
Launches Accounting Standards Codification
The FASB has issued FASB Statement No. 168,
The FASB Accounting Standards
Codification ™ and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (now ASC 105, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ). The statement establishes the FASB
Accounting Standards Codification™ (Codification or ASC) as the single source of
authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) recognized by
the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Rules and interpretive
releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under authority of
federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC
registrants. The Codification supersedes
all existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other
nongrandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification has become
nonauthoritative.
Following the Codification , the Board will not issue new standards in
the form of Statements, FASB Staff Positions or Emerging Issues Task Force
Abstracts. Instead, it will issue Accounting Standards Updates (ASU), which will
serve to update the Codification ,
provide background information about the guidance and provide the basis for
conclusions on the changes to the Codification .
GAAP is not intended to be changed as a result
of the FASB's Codification project, but
what does change is the way the guidance is organized and presented. As a
result, these changes have a significant impact on how companies reference GAAP
in their financial statements and in their accounting policies for financial
statements issued for interim and annual periods ending after September 15,
2009.
Citigroup is providing references to the Codification topics
alongside references to the predecessor standards.
Investments
in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per
Share
As of
December 31, 2009, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No.
2009-12, Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate
Net Asset Value per Share (or its Equivalent) , which provides guidance on measuring the
fair value of certain alternative investments. The ASU permits entities to use
net asset value as a practical expedient to measure the fair value of their
investments in certain investment funds. The ASU also requires additional
disclosures regarding the nature and risks of such investments and provides
guidance on the classification of such investments as Level 2 or Level 3 of the
fair value hierarchy. This ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's
accounting for its investments in alternative investment
funds.
Interim
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments , (now ASC
825-10-50-10, Financial Instruments: Fair Value of Financial
Instruments ). This FSP
requires disclosing qualitative and quantitative information about the fair
value of all financial instruments on a quarterly basis, including methods and
significant assumptions used to estimate fair value during the period. These
disclosures were previously only done
annually.
The disclosures required by this FSP were
effective for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. This FSP has no effect on how
Citigroup accounts for these instruments.
Measurement
of Fair Value in Inactive Markets
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and
Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and
Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly (now ASC 820-10-35-51A, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures: Determining Fair Value When the
Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly
Decreased ). The FSP
reaffirms that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The FSP
also reaffirms the need to use judgment in determining whether a formerly active
market has become inactive and in determining fair values when the market has
become inactive. The adoption of the FSP had no effect on the Company's
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Determining
Fair Value in Inactive Markets
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS
157-3, Determining Fair Value of Financial Assets
When the Market for That Asset is Not Active (now ASC 820-10-35-55A, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures: Financial Assets in a Market
That is Not Active ). The
FSP clarifies that companies can use internal assumptions to determine the fair
value of a financial asset when markets are inactive, and do not necessarily
have to rely on broker quotes. The FSP confirms a joint statement by the FASB
and the SEC in which they stated that companies can use internal assumptions
when relevant market information does not exist and provides an example of how
to determine the fair value for a financial asset in a non-active market. The
FASB emphasized that the FSP is not new guidance, but rather clarifies the
principles in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (formerly SFAS
157).
Revisions resulting from a change in the
valuation technique or its application should be accounted for prospectively as
a change in accounting estimate.
The FSP was effective upon issuance and did
not have a material impact.
135
Measuring
Liabilities at Fair Value
As of September 30, 2009, the Company adopted
ASU No. 2009-05, Measuring Liabilities at Fair
Value . This ASU provides
clarification that in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market
for the identical liability is not available, a reporting entity is required to
measure fair value using one or more of the following
techniques:
A valuation technique that uses quoted prices
for similar liabilities (or an identical liability) when traded as
assets.
Another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of ASC
820. This ASU also clarifies that both a quoted price in an active market for
the identical liability at the measurement date and the quoted price for the
identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market when no
adjustments to the quoted price of the asset are required, are Level 1 fair
value measurements.
This ASU did not have a material impact on the
Company's fair value measurements.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments on Investment
Securities
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary
Impairments (FSP FAS
115-2) (now ASC 320-10-35-34, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Recognition of an
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment ), which amends the recognition guidance for other-than-temporary
impairments (OTTI) of debt securities and expands the financial statement
disclosures for OTTI on debt and equity securities. Citigroup adopted the FSP in
the first quarter of 2009.
As a result of the FSP, the Company's
Consolidated Statement of Income reflects the full impairment (that is, the
difference between the security's amortized cost basis and fair value) on debt
securities that the Company intends to sell or would more-likely-than-not be
required to sell before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. For
available-for- sale (AFS) and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities that
management has no intent to sell and believes that it more-likely-than-not will
not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the
impairment is recognized in earnings, while the rest of the fair value loss is
recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive
income (AOCI). The credit
loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal
cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security
as projected using the Company's cash flow projections and its base assumptions.
As a result of the adoption of the FSP, Citigroup's income in the first quarter
of 2009 was higher by $631 million on a pretax basis ($391 million on an
after-tax basis), respectively, and AOCI was decreased by a corresponding
amount.
The cumulative effect of the change included
an increase in the opening balance of Retained earnings at January 1, 2009 of $665 million on a pretax basis ($413 million after-tax).
See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosures related to
the Company's investment securities and OTTI.
Business
Combinations
In
December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141(revised), Business Combinations (now ASC 805-10, Business Combinations ), which is designed to improve the relevance, representational
faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity
provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects.
The statement retains the fundamental principle that the acquisition method of
accounting (which was called the purchase method ) be
used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each
business combination. The statement also retains the guidance for identifying
and recognizing intangible assets separately from goodwill. The most significant
changes are: (1) acquisition costs and restructuring costs will now be expensed;
(2) stock consideration will be measured based on the quoted market price as of
the acquisition date instead of the date the deal is announced; (3) contingent
consideration arising from contractual and noncontractual contingencies that
meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold will be measured and
recognized as an asset or liability at fair value at the acquisition date using
a probability-weighted discounted cash flows model, with subsequent changes in
fair value reflected in earnings; noncontractual contingencies that do not meet
the more-likely-than-not criteria will continue to be recognized when they are
probable and reasonably estimable; and (4) the acquirer will record a 100%
step-up to fair value for all assets and liabilities, including the minority
interest portion, and goodwill is recorded as if a 100% interest was
acquired.
Citigroup adopted the standard on January 1,
2009, and it is applied prospectively.
Noncontrolling Interests in
Subsidiaries
In
December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements (now ASC
810-10-45-15, Consolidation-Noncontrolling Interests in a
Subsidiary ), which
establishes standards for the accounting and reporting of noncontrolling
interests in subsidiaries (previously called minority interests) in consolidated
financial statements and for the loss of control of subsidiaries. The Standard
requires that the equity interest of noncontrolling shareholders, partners, or
other equity holders in subsidiaries be presented as a separate item in Citigroup's stockholders'
equity , rather than as a
liability. After the initial adoption, when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any
retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary must be
measured at fair value at the date of
deconsolidation.
The gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the
subsidiary is measured using the fair value of the remaining investment, rather
than the previous carrying amount of that retained
investment.
Citigroup adopted the Standard on January 1,
2009. As a result, $2.392 billion of noncontrolling interests was reclassified
from Other liabilities to Citigroup's stockholders' equity .
136
Sale with
Repurchase Financing Agreements
In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff
Position (FSP) FAS 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing
Transactions (now ASC
860-10-40-42, Transfers and Servicing: Repurchase
Financing ). This FSP
provides implementation guidance on whether a security transfer with a
contemporaneous repurchase financing involving the transferred financial asset
must be evaluated as one linked transaction or two separate de-linked
transactions.
The FSP requires the recognition of the
transfer and the repurchase agreement as one linked transaction, unless all of
the following criteria are met: (1) the initial transfer and the repurchase
financing are not contractually contingent on one another; (2) the initial
transferor has full recourse upon default, and the repurchase agreement's price
is fixed and not at fair value; (3) the financial asset is readily obtainable in
the marketplace and the transfer and repurchase financing are executed at market
rates; and (4) the maturity of the repurchase financing is before the maturity
of the financial asset. The scope of this FSP is limited to transfers and
subsequent repurchase financings that are entered into contemporaneously or in
contemplation of one
another.
Citigroup adopted the FSP on January 1, 2009.
The impact of adopting this FSP was not material.
Enhanced
Disclosures of Credit Derivative Instruments and
Guarantees
In
September 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, "Disclosures About Credit Derivatives and
Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB
Interpretation No. 45, and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement
No. 161" (now ASC 815-10-50-4K, Derivatives and Hedging: Credit Derivatives ) which requires additional disclosures for
sellers of credit derivative instruments and certain guarantees. This FSP
requires the disclosure of the maximum potential amount of future payments, the
related fair value, and the current status of the payment/performance risk for
certain guarantees and credit derivatives sold.
Measurement
of Impairment for Certain Securities
In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP EITF
99-20-1, "Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue 99-20" (now
incorporated into ASC 320-10-35-20, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Steps for Identifying and
Accounting for Impairment ), to achieve more consistent determination of whether
other-than-temporary impairments of available-for-sale or held-to-maturity debt
securities have occurred.
Prior guidance required entities to assess
whether it was probable that the holder would be unable to collect all amounts
due according to the contractual terms. The FSP eliminates the requirement to
consider market participants' views of cash flows of a security in determining
whether or not impairment has
occurred.
The FSP is effective for interim and annual
reporting periods ending after December 15, 2008 and is applied prospectively.
The impact of adopting this FSP was not material.
SEC Staff
Guidance on Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through
Earnings
On
January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 109 (SAB
109), which requires that the fair value of a written loan commitment that is
marked-to-market through earnings should include the future cash flows related
to the loan's servicing rights. However, the fair value measurement of a written
loan commitment still must exclude the expected net cash flows related to
internally developed intangible assets (such as customer relationship intangible
assets). SAB 109 applies to two types of loan commitments: (1) written mortgage
loan commitments for loans that will be held-for-sale when funded and are
marked-to-market as derivatives; and (2) other written loan commitments that are
accounted for at fair value through earnings under the fair value option. SAB
109 supersedes SAB 105, which applied only to derivative loan commitments and
allowed the expected future cash flows related to the associated servicing of
the loan to be recognized only after the servicing asset had been contractually
separated from the underlying loan by sale or securitization of the loan with
servicing retained. SAB 109 was applied prospectively to loan commitments issued
or modified in fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. The impact of
adopting this SAB was not material.
Netting of
Cash Collateral Against Derivative Exposures
During April 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN
39-1, "Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39" (now incorporated into ASC
815-10-45, Derivatives and Hedging-Other Presentation
Matters ) modifying certain
provisions of FIN 39, "Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts." This
amendment clarified the acceptability of the existing market practice of
offsetting the amounts recorded for cash collateral receivables or payables
against the fair value amounts recognized for net derivative positions executed
with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement, which was
the Company's prior accounting practice. Thus, this amendment did not affect the
Company's consolidated financial statements.
137
Fair Value
Measurements
The
Company elected to early adopt SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157) (now ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ), as of January 1, 2007. The Statement
defines fair value, expands disclosure requirements around fair value and
specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to
those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs
reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs
reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the
following fair value hierarchy:
This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when
available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair
value. For some products or in certain market conditions, observable inputs may
not always be available. For example, during the market dislocations that
started in the second half of 2007, certain markets became illiquid, and some
key observable inputs used in valuing certain exposures were unavailable. When
and if these markets become liquid, the valuation of these exposures will use
the related observable inputs available at that time from these
markets.
Citigroup is required to take into account its
own credit risk when measuring the fair value of derivative positions as well as
the other liabilities for which fair value accounting has been elected. The
adoption of ASC 820 also resulted in some other changes to the valuation
techniques used by Citigroup when determining fair value, most notably the
changes to the way that the probability of default of a counterparty is factored
in and the elimination of a derivative valuation adjustment which is no longer
necessary. The cumulative effect at January 1, 2007 of making these changes was
a gain of $250 million after-tax ($402 million pretax), or $0.05 per diluted
share, which was recorded in the first quarter of 2007 earnings within the Securities and Banking business.
The statement also precludes the use of block
discounts for instruments traded in an active market, which were previously
applied to large holdings of publicly traded equity securities, and requires the
recognition of trade-date gains after consideration of all appropriate valuation
adjustments related to certain derivative trades that use unobservable inputs in
determining their fair value. Previous accounting guidance allowed the use of
block discounts in certain circumstances and prohibited the recognition of
day-one gains on certain derivative trades when determining the fair value of
instruments not traded in an active market. The cumulative effect of these
changes resulted in an increase to January 1, 2007 Retained earnings of $75 million.
Fair Value
Option
The
Company also early adopted SFAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities (SFAS 159)
(now ASC 825-10-05, Financial Instruments: Fair Value Option ) as of January 1, 2007. The fair value option
provides an option on an instrument-by-instrument basis for most financial
assets and liabilities to be reported at fair value with changes in fair value
reported in earnings. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the
acquisition of a financial asset, a financial liability, or a firm commitment
and it may not be revoked. The fair value option provides an opportunity to
mitigate volatility in reported earnings that resulted prior to its adoption
from being required to apply fair value accounting to certain economic hedges
(e.g., derivatives) while having to measure the assets and liabilities being
economically hedged using an accounting method other than fair
value.
The Company elected to apply fair value
accounting to certain financial instruments held at January 1, 2007 with future
changes in value reported in earnings. The adoption of the fair value option
resulted in a decrease to January 1, 2007 Retained earnings of $99 million.
Leveraged
Leases
On
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FSP FAS 13-2, Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows
Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leverage Lease
Transaction (FSP 13-2)
(now incorporated into ASC 840-10-25, Leases), which provides guidance regarding
changes or projected changes in the timing of cash flows relating to income
taxes generated by a leveraged-lease
transaction.
Leveraged leases can provide significant tax
benefits to the lessor, primarily as a result of the timing of tax payments.
Since changes in the timing and/or amount of these tax benefits may have a
significant effect on the cash flows of a lease transaction, a lessor will be
required to perform a recalculation of a leveraged-lease when there is a change
or projected change in the timing of the realization of tax benefits generated
by that lease. Previously, Citigroup did not recalculate the tax benefits if
only the timing of cash flows had
changed.
The adoption of FSP 13-2 resulted in a
decrease to January 1, 2007 Retained earnings of $148 million. This decrease to retained earnings will be recognized in
earnings over the remaining lives of the leases as tax benefits are realized.
138
Revisions
to the Earnings-per-Share Calculation
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1,
"Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are
Participating Securities" (now incorporated into ASC 260-10-45-59A, Earnings Per Share: Participating Securities and the Two-Class
Method ). Under the FSP,
unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to
dividends are considered to be a separate class of common stock and included in
the EPS calculation using the "two-class method." Citigroup's restricted and
deferred share awards meet the definition of a participating security. In
accordance with the FSP, restricted and deferred shares are now included as a
separate class of common stock in the basic and diluted EPS
calculation.
The following table shows the effect of
adopting the FSP on Citigroup's basic and diluted EPS:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||
Basic earnings per share | |||||
As reported | N/A | $(5.59 | ) | $0.73 | |
Two-class method | $(0.80 | ) | $(5.63 | ) | $0.68 |
Diluted earnings per share (1) | |||||
As reported | N/A | $(5.59 | ) | $0.72 | |
Two-class method | (0.80 | ) | $(5.63 | ) | $0.67 |
(1) | Diluted EPS is the same as Basic EPS in 2009 and 2008 due to the net loss available to common shareholders. Using actual diluted shares would result in anti-dilution. |
N/A Not applicable |
Fair Value
Disclosures About Pension Plan Assets
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS
132(R)-1, Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets (now incorporated into ASC 715-20-50, Compensation and
Benefits-Disclosure ). This
FSP requires that more detailed information about plan assets be disclosed on an
annual basis. Citigroup is required to separate plan assets into the three fair
value hierarchy levels and provide a roll-forward of the changes in fair value
of plan assets classified as Level
3.
The disclosures about plan assets required by this FSP are effective for
fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009, but have no effect on the
Consolidated Balance Sheet or Statement of Income.
Additional
Disclosures for Derivative Instruments
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities, an Amendment to SFAS 133 (now incorporated into ASC 815-10-50, Derivatives and
Hedging-Disclosure ). The
Standard requires enhanced disclosures about derivative instruments and hedged
items that are accounted for under ASC 815 related interpretations. The Standard
is effective for all of the Company's interim and annual financial statements
beginning with the first quarter of 2009. The Standard expands the disclosure
requirements for derivatives and hedged items and has no impact on how Citigroup
accounts for these instruments.
Determining
Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is Indexed to an Entity's Own
Stock
Derivative
contracts on a company's own stock may be accounted for as equity instruments,
rather than as assets and liabilities, only if they are both indexed solely to
the company's stock and settleable in shares.
In June 2008, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF on
Issue 07-5, "Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is Indexed
to an Entity's Own Stock" (Issue 07-5) (now ASC 815-40-15-5, Derivatives and Hedging: Evaluating Whether an Instrument is Considered
Indexed to an Entity's Own Stock ). An instrument (or embedded feature) would not be considered indexed to
an entity's own stock if its settlement amount is affected by variables other
than those used to determine the fair value of a "plain vanilla" option or
forward contract on equity shares, or if the instrument contains a feature (such
as a leverage factor) that increases exposure to those variables. An
equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) would not be considered
indexed to the entity's own stock if the strike price is denominated in a
currency other than the issuer's functional currency.
This issue is effective for Citigroup on
January 1, 2009 and did not have a material impact.
Equity
Method Investment Accounting Considerations
In November 2008, the FASB ratified the
consensus reached by the EITF on Issue 08-6, "Equity Method Investment
Accounting Considerations" (Issue 08-6) (now ASC 323-10, Investments - Equity Method and
Joint Ventures ). An entity
shall measure its equity method investment initially at cost. Any
other-than-temporary impairment of an equity method investment should be
recognized in accordance with Opinion 18. An equity method investor shall not
separately test an investee's underlying assets for impairment. Share issuance
by an investee shall be accounted for as if the equity method investor had sold
a proportionate share of its investment, with gain or loss recognized in
earnings.
This issue is effective for Citigroup on
January 1, 2009, and did not have a material impact.
139
Accounting
for Defensive Intangible Assets
In November 2008, the FASB ratified the
consensus reached by the EITF on Issue 08-7, "Accounting for Defensive
Intangible Assets" (Issue 08-7) (now ASC 350-30-25-5, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Defensive Intangible
Assets ). An acquired
defensive asset shall be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting (i.e.,
an asset separate from other assets of the acquirer). The useful life assigned
to an acquired defensive asset shall be based on the period during which the
asset would diminish in value. Issue 08-7 states that it would be rare for a
defensive intangible asset to have an indefinite life. Issue 08-7 is effective
for Citigroup on January 1, 2009, and did not have a material impact.
CVA
Accounting Misstatement
The Company determined that an error existed in the process used to value
certain liabilities for which the Company elected the fair value option (FVO).
The error related to a calculation intended to measure the impact on the
liability's fair value attributable to Citigroup's credit spreads. Because of
the error in the process, both an initial Citi contractual credit spread and an
initial own-credit valuation adjustment were being included at the time of
issuance of new Citi FVO debt. The own-credit valuation adjustment was properly
included; therefore, the initial Citi contractual credit spread should have been
excluded. (See Note 27 for a description of own-credit valuation adjustments.)
The cumulative effect of this error from January 1, 2007 (the date that FAS 157
(ASC 820), requiring the valuation of own-credit for FVO liabilities, was
adopted) through December 31, 2008 was to overstate income and retained earnings
by $204 million ($330 million on a pretax basis). The impact of this adjustment
was determined not to be material to the Company's results of operations and
financial position for any previously reported period. Consequently, in the
accompanying financial statements, the cumulative effect through December 31,
2008 is recorded in 2009.
The table below summarizes the previously reported impact of CVA income for debt on which the FVO was elected and the related adjustments to correct the process error for the impacted reporting periods.
In millions of dollars | 2008 | 2007 | |||
Pretax gain (loss) from the change in the CVA | |||||
reserve on FVO debt that would have been | |||||
recorded in the income statement: | |||||
Previously reported | $ | 4,558 | $ | 888 | |
Corrected amount adjusted for removal of the error | 4,352 | 764 | |||
Difference | $ | 206 | $ | 124 | |
In millions of dollars | 2008 | 2007 | |||
Year-end CVA reserve reported as a contra-liability | |||||
on FVO debt: | |||||
Previously reported | $ | 5,446 | $ | 888 | |
Corrected amount adjusted for removal of the error | 5,116 | 764 | |||
Difference | $ | 330 | $ | 124 |
See also Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
140
FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Additional
Disclosures Regarding Fair Value Measurements
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06, Improving Disclosures about Fair Value
Measurements. The ASU
requires disclosing the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Level 1
and 2 fair value measurements and to describe the reasons for the transfers. The
disclosures are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15,
2009. Additionally, disclosures of the gross purchases, sales, issuances and
settlements activity in Level 3 fair value measurements will be required for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010.
Elimination of QSPEs and Changes in the Consolidation Model for Variable Interest
Entities
In June
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB
Statement No. 140 (SFAS
166), that will eliminate Qualifying Special Purpose Entities (QSPEs). SFAS 166
is effective for fiscal years that begin after November 15, 2009. This change
will have a significant impact on Citigroup's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Beginning January 1, 2010, the Company will lose sales treatment for certain
future asset transfers that would have been considered sales under SFAS 140, and
for certain transfers of portions of assets that do not meet the definition of
participating interests.
Simultaneously, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (SFAS 167), which details
three key changes to the consolidation model. First, former QSPEs will now be
included in the scope of SFAS 167. In addition, the FASB has changed the method
of analyzing which party to a variable interest entity (VIE) should consolidate
the VIE (known as the primary beneficiary) to a qualitative determination of
which party to the VIE has "power" combined with potentially significant
benefits or losses, instead of the current quantitative risks and rewards model.
The entity that has power has the ability to direct the activities of the VIE
that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance. Finally, the new
standard requires that the primary beneficiary analysis be re-evaluated whenever
circumstances change. The current rules require reconsideration of the primary
beneficiary only when specified reconsideration events occur.
As a result of implementing these
new accounting standards, Citigroup will consolidate certain of the VIEs and
former QSPEs with which it currently has involvement. An ongoing evaluation of
the application of these new requirements could, with the resolution of certain
uncertainties, result in the identification of additional VIEs and former QSPEs,
other than those presented below, needing to be consolidated. It is not
currently anticipated, however, that any such newly identified VIEs and former
QSPEs would have a significant impact on Citigroup's Consolidated Financial
Statements or capital position.
In accordance with SFAS
167, Citigroup employed three approaches for consolidating all of the VIEs and
former QSPEs that it consolidated as of January 1, 2010. The first approach
requires initially measuring the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling
interests of the VIEs and former QSPEs at their carrying values (the amounts at
which the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests would have been
carried in the Consolidated
Financial Statements, if
Citigroup had always consolidated these VIEs and former QSPEs). The second
approach is to use the unpaid principal amounts, where using carrying values is
not practicable. The third approach is to elect the fair value option, in which
all of the financial assets and liabilities of certain designated VIEs and
former QSPEs would be recorded at fair value upon adoption of SFAS 167 and
continue to be marked to market thereafter, with changes in fair value reported
in earnings.
Citigroup consolidated all required
VIEs and former QSPEs, as of January 1, 2010 at carrying values or unpaid
principal amounts, except for certain private label residential mortgage and
mutual fund deferred sales commissions VIEs, for which the fair value option was
elected. The following tables present the pro forma impact of adopting these new
accounting standards applying these approaches.
The pro forma impact of these
changes on incremental GAAP assets and resulting risk-weighted assets for those
VIEs and former QSPEs that were consolidated or deconsolidated for accounting
purposes as of January 1, 2010 (based on financial information as of December
31, 2009), reflecting Citigroup's present understanding of the new accounting
requirements and immediate implementation of the recently issued final
risk-based capital rules regarding SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, was as
follows:
Incremental | ||||||
Risk- | ||||||
GAAP | weighted | |||||
In billions of dollars | assets | assets | (1) | |||
Impact of consolidation | ||||||
Credit cards | $ | 86.3 | $ | 0.8 | ||
Commercial paper conduits | 28.3 | 13.0 | ||||
Student loans | 13.6 | 3.7 | ||||
Private label consumer mortgages | 4.4 | 1.3 | ||||
Municipal tender option bonds | 0.6 | 0.1 | ||||
Collateralized loan obligations | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
Mutual fund deferred sales commissions | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
Subtotal | $ | 134.2 | $ | 19.9 | ||
Impact of deconsolidation | ||||||
Collateralized debt obligations (2) | $ | 1.9 | $ | 3.6 | ||
Equity-linked notes (3) | 1.2 | 0.5 | ||||
Total | $ | 137.3 | $ | 24.0 |
(1) | Citigroup undertook certain actions during the first and second quarters of 2009 in support of its off-balance-sheet credit card securitization vehicles. As a result of these actions, Citigroup included approximately $82 billion of incremental risk-weighted assets in its risk-based capital ratios as of March 31, 2009 and an additional approximate $900 million as of June 30, 2009. See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(2) | The implementation of SFAS 167 will result in the deconsolidation of certain synthetic and cash collateralized debt obligation (CDO) VIEs that were previously consolidated under the requirements of ASC 810 (FIN 46(R)). Upon deconsolidation of these synthetic CDOs, Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet will reflect the recognition of current receivables and payables related to purchased and written credit default swaps entered into with these VIEs, which had previously been eliminated in consolidation. The deconsolidation of certain cash CDOs will have a minimal impact on GAAP assets, but will cause a sizable increase in risk-weighted assets. The impact on risk-weighted assets results from replacing, in Citigroup's trading account, largely investment grade securities owned by these VIEs when consolidated, with Citigroup's holdings of non-investment grade or unrated securities issued by these VIEs when deconsolidated. |
(3) | Certain equity-linked note client intermediation transactions that had previously been consolidated under the requirements of ASC 810 (FIN 46 (R)) will be deconsolidated with the implementation of SFAS 167. Upon deconsolidation, Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet will reflect both the equity-linked notes issued by the VIEs and held by Citigroup as trading assets, as well as related trading liabilities in the form of prepaid equity derivatives. These trading assets and trading liabilities were formerly eliminated in consolidation. |
141
The preceding table reflects: (i) the
estimated portion of the assets of former QSPEs to which Citigroup, acting as
principal, had transferred assets and received sales treatment as of December
31, 2009 (totaling approximately $712.0 billion), and (ii) the estimated assets
of significant unconsolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2009 with which Citigroup
is involved (totaling approximately $219.2 billion) that are required to be
consolidated under the new accounting standards. Due to the variety of
transaction structures and the level of Citigroup involvement in individual
former QSPEs and VIEs, only a portion of the former QSPEs and VIEs with which
the Company is involved are to be consolidated.
In addition, the cumulative effect of adopting
these new accounting standards as of January 1, 2010, based on financial
information as of December 31, 2009, would result in an estimated aggregate
after-tax charge to Retained earnings of approximately $8.3 billion, reflecting the net effect of an overall
pretax charge to Retained earnings (primarily relating to the establishment of
loan loss reserves and the reversal of residual interests held) of approximately
$13.4 billion and the recognition of related deferred tax assets amounting to
approximately $5.1 billion.
The pro forma impact on
certain of Citigroup's regulatory capital ratios of adopting these new
accounting standards (based on financial information as of December 31, 2009),
reflecting immediate implementation of the recently issued final risk-based
capital rules regarding SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, would be as follows:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
As reported | Pro forma | Impact | ||||
Tier 1 Capital | 11.67 | % | 10.26 | % | (141 | ) bps |
Total Capital | 15.25 | % | 13.82 | % | (143 | ) bps |
The actual impact of
adopting the new accounting standards on January 1, 2010 could differ, as
financial information changes from the December 31, 2009 estimates and as
several uncertainties in the application of these new standards are
resolved.
Among these uncertainties, the FASB has
proposed an indefinite deferral of the requirements of SFAS 167 for certain
investment companies. Without the proposed deferral, the Company had most
recently estimated that approximately $3.3 billion of assets held by investment
funds managed by Citigroup would be newly consolidated upon the adoption of SFAS
167. If the proposed deferral were to be finalized as currently contemplated,
the Company expects that many, if not all, of the investment vehicles managed by
Citigroup would not be subject to the requirements of SFAS 167. Nevertheless,
Citigroup is continuing to evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed
requirements and, depending upon the eventual resolution of specific
implementation matters, may be required to consolidate certain investment
vehicles, the aggregate assets of which could range up to a total of
approximately $1.2 billion. The effect on the Company's regulatory capital
ratios, should consolidation of any or all such noted investment vehicles be
required, is not expected to be significant. The preceding tables reflect the
Company's view that none of the investment vehicles managed by Citigroup will be
required to be consolidated under SFAS 167.
Loss-Contingency
Disclosures
In June 2008, the FASB issued an
exposure draft proposing expanded disclosures regarding loss contingencies. This
proposal increases the number of loss contingencies subject to disclosure and
requires substantial quantitative and qualitative information to be provided
about those loss contingencies. The proposal will have no impact on the
Company's accounting for loss contingencies.
Investment
Company Audit Guide (SOP 07-1)
In July 2007, the AICPA issued Statement of
Position 07-1, "Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide for
Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method
Investors for Investments in Investment Companies" (SOP 07-1) (now incorporated
into ASC 946-10, Financial Services-Investment
Companies ), which was
expected to be effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15,
2007. However, in February 2008, the FASB delayed the effective date
indefinitely by issuing an FSP SOP 07-1-1, "Effective Date of AICPA Statement of
Position 07-1." This statement sets forth more stringent criteria for qualifying
as an investment company than does the predecessor Audit Guide. In addition, ASC
946-10 (SOP 07-1) establishes new criteria for a parent company or equity method
investor to retain investment company accounting in their consolidated financial
statements. Investment companies record all their investments at fair value with
changes in value reflected in earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the
potential impact of adopting the SOP.
142
2. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS
ACQUISITIONS
North America
Acquisition
of ABN AMRO Mortgage Group
In 2007, Citigroup acquired ABN AMRO Mortgage
Group (AAMG), a subsidiary of LaSalle Bank Corporation and ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
AAMG is a national originator and servicer of prime residential mortgage loans.
As part of this acquisition, Citigroup purchased approximately $12 billion in
assets, including $3 billion of mortgage servicing rights, which resulted in the
addition of approximately 1.5 million servicing customers. Results for AAMG are
included within Citigroup's North America Regional Consumer Banking business from March 1, 2007 forward.
Acquisition
of Old Lane Partners, L.P.
In 2007, the Company completed the acquisition
of Old Lane Partners, L.P. and Old Lane Partners, GP, LLC (Old Lane). Old Lane
is the manager of a global, multistrategy hedge fund and a private equity fund.
Results for Old Lane are included within ICG, from July 2,
2007 forward.
On June 12, 2008, Citigroup announced the
restructuring of Old Lane and its multistrategy hedge fund (the "Fund") in
anticipation of redemptions by all unaffiliated, non-Citigroup employee
investors. To accomplish this restructuring, Citigroup purchased substantially
all of the assets of the Fund at fair value on June 30, 2008. The fair value of
assets purchased from the Fund was approximately $6 billion at June 30, 2008.
Acquisition
of BISYS
In
2007, the Company completed its acquisition of BISYS Group, Inc. (BISYS) for
$1.47 billion in cash. In addition, BISYS's shareholders received $18.2 million
in the form of a special dividend paid by BISYS simultaneously. Citigroup
completed the sale of the Retirement and Insurance Services Divisions of BISYS
to affiliates of J.C. Flowers & Co. LLC, making the net cost of the
transaction to Citigroup approximately $800 million. Citigroup retained the Fund
Services and Alternative Investment Services businesses of BISYS, which provides
administrative services for hedge funds, mutual funds and private equity funds.
Results for BISYS are included within Transaction Services business from August 1, 2007 forward.
Acquisition
of Automated Trading Desk
In 2007, Citigroup completed its acquisition
of Automated Trading Desk (ATD), a leader in electronic market making and
proprietary trading, for approximately $680 million ($102.6 million in cash and
approximately 11.17 million shares of Citigroup common stock). ATD operates as a
unit of Citigroup's Global Equities business, adding a network of broker-dealer
customers to Citigroup's diverse base of institutional, broker-dealer and retail
customers. Results for ATD are included within Citigroup's Securities and Banking business from October 3, 2007 forward.
Latin America
Acquisition
of Grupo Financiero Uno
In 2007, Citigroup completed its acquisition of Grupo Financiero Uno
(GFU), the largest credit card issuer in Central America, and its
affiliates.
The acquisition of GFU, with $2.2 billion in
assets, expands the presence of Citigroup's Latin America Consumer Banking franchise, enhances its credit card business
in the region and establishes a platform for regional growth in Consumer Finance
and Retail Banking. GFU has more than one million retail clients and operates a
distribution network of 75 branches and more than 100 mini-branches and points
of sale. The results for GFU are included within Citigroup's Latin America Regional Consumer Banking businesses from March 5, 2007 forward.
Acquisition
of Grupo Cuscatlán
In 2007, Citigroup completed the acquisition of the subsidiaries of Grupo
Cuscatlán for $1.51 billion ($755 million in cash and 14.2 million shares of
Citigroup common stock) from Corporacion UBC Internacional S.A. Grupo Cuscatlán
is one of the leading financial groups in Central America, with assets of $5.4
billion, loans of $3.5 billion, and deposits of $3.4 billion. Grupo Cuscatlán
has operations in El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras and Panama. The
results of Grupo Cuscatlán are included from May 11, 2007 forward and are
recorded in Latin America Regional Consumer
Banking .
Agreement
to Establish Partnership with
Quiñenco-Banco de
Chile
In 2007,
Citigroup and Quiñenco entered into a definitive agreement to establish a
strategic partnership that combined Citigroup operations in Chile with Banco de
Chile's local banking franchise to create a banking and financial services
institution with approximately 20% market share of the Chilean banking industry.
The transaction closed on January 1,
2008.
Under the agreement, Citigroup sold its
Chilean operations and other assets in exchange for an approximate 32.96% stake
in LQIF, a wholly owned subsidiary of Quiñenco that controls Banco de Chile, and
is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As part of the overall
transaction, Citigroup also acquired the U.S. branches of Banco de Chile for
approximately $130 million. The new partnership calls for active participation
by Citigroup in the management of Banco de Chile including board representation
at both LQIF and Banco de
Chile.
On January 31, 2010 Citigroup elected to
exercise its option to acquire approximately 8.5% of LQIF for approximately $500
million. The acquisition of the additional shares is expected to close on April
30, 2010 and will increase Citigroup's ownership in LQIF to approximately 41.5%.
Citigroup retains an option to increase its ownership by an additional 8.5% of
LQIF in 2010 for an additional $500 million.
143
Asia
Acquisition
of Bank of Overseas Chinese
In 2007, Citigroup completed its acquisition
of Bank of Overseas Chinese (BOOC) in Taiwan for approximately $427 million.
BOOC offers a broad suite of corporate banking, consumer and wealth management
products and services to more than one million clients through 55 branches in
Taiwan. This transaction will strengthen Citigroup's presence in Asia, making it
the largest international bank and thirteenth largest by total assets among all
domestic Taiwan banks. Results for BOOC are included in Citigroup's Asia Regional Consumer Banking and Securities and Banking businesses from December 1, 2007 forward.
EMEA
Acquisition
of Egg
In 2007,
Citigroup completed its acquisition of Egg Banking plc (Egg), one of the U.K.'s
leading online financial services providers, from Prudential PLC for
approximately $1.39 billion. Egg offers various financial products and services
including online payment and account aggregation services, credit cards,
personal loans, savings accounts, mortgages, insurance and investments. Results
for Egg are included in Citi Holdings' LCL business from May 1, 2007 forward.
Purchase of
20% Equity Interest in Akbank
In 2007, Citigroup completed its purchase of a
20% equity interest in Akbank for approximately $3.1 billion, accounted for
under the equity method of accounting. Akbank, the second-largest privately
owned bank by assets in Turkey, is a premier, full-service retail, commercial,
corporate and private bank.
Sabanci Holding, a 34% owner of Akbank shares,
and its subsidiaries have granted Citigroup a right of first refusal or first
offer over the sale of any of their Akbank shares in the future. Subject to
certain exceptions, including purchases from Sabanci Holding and its
subsidiaries, Citigroup has otherwise agreed not to increase its percentage
ownership in Akbank.
DIVESTITURES
The following divestitures occurred in 2008
and 2009 and do not qualify as Discontinued operations:
Sale of
Phibro LLC
On
December 31, 2009 the Company sold 100% of its interest in Phibro LLC to
Occidental Petroleum Corporation for a purchase price equal to approximately the
net asset value of the
business.
The decision to sell Phibro was the outcome of
an evaluation of a variety of alternatives and is consistent with Citi's core
strategy of a client-centered business model. The sale of Phibro does not affect
Citi's client-facing commodities business lines, which will continue to operate
and serve the needs of Citi's clients throughout the world.
Sale of
Citi's Nikko Asset Management Business
and Trust and Banking
Corporation
On
October 1, 2009 the Company completed the sale of its entire stake in Nikko
Asset Management ("Nikko AM") to the Sumitomo Trust and Banking Co., Ltd.
("Sumitomo Trust") and completed the sale of Nikko Citi Trust and Banking
Corporation to Nomura Trust & Banking Co.
Ltd.
The Nikko AM transaction was valued at 120
billion yen (U.S. $1.3 billion at an exchange rate of 89.60 yen to U.S. $1.00 as
of September 30, 2009). The Company received all-cash consideration of 75.6
billion yen (U.S. $844 million), after certain deal related expenses and
adjustments, for its 64% beneficial ownership interest in Nikko AM. Sumitomo
Trust also acquired the beneficial ownership interests in Nikko AM held by
various minority investors in Nikko AM, bringing Sumitomo Trust's total
ownership stake in Nikko AM to 98.55% at
closing.
For the sale of Nikko Citi Trust and Banking
Corporation, the Company received all-cash consideration of 19 billion yen (U.S.
$212 million at an exchange rate of 89.60 yen to U.S. $1.00 as of September 30,
2009) as part of the transaction, subject to certain post-closing purchase price
adjustments.
Retail
Partner Cards Sales
During 2009, Citigroup sold its Financial Institutions (FI) and Diners
Club North America credit card businesses. Each of these businesses are
reflected in Local Consumer
Lending . Total credit card receivables disposed of in these transactions
was approximately $2.2 billion .
144
Joint
Venture with Morgan Stanley
On June 1, 2009, Citi and Morgan Stanley
established a joint venture (JV) that combines the Global Wealth Management
platform of Morgan Stanley with Citigroup's Smith Barney, Quilter and Australia
private client networks. Citi sold 100% of these businesses to Morgan Stanley in
exchange for a 49% stake in the JV and an upfront cash payment of $2.75 billion.
The Brokerage and Asset
Management business
recorded a pretax gain of approximately $11.1 billion ($6.7 billion after-tax)
on this sale. Both Morgan Stanley and Citi will access the JV for retail
distribution, and each firm's institutional businesses will continue to execute
order flow from the JV.
Citigroup's 49% ownership in the JV is
recorded as an equity method investment. In determining the value of its 49%
interest in the JV, Citigroup utilized the assistance of an independent
third-party valuation firm and utilized both the income and the market
approaches.
Sale of
Citigroup Technology Services Limited
On December 23, 2008, Citigroup announced an
agreement with Wipro Limited to sell all of Citigroup's interest in Citi
Technology Services Ltd. (CTS), Citigroup's India-based captive provider of
technology infrastructure support and application development, for all-cash
consideration of approximately $127 million. A substantial portion of the
proceeds from this sale will be recognized over the period in which Citigroup
has a service contract with Wipro Limited. This transaction closed on January
20, 2009 and a loss of approximately $7 million was booked at that
time.
Sale of
Upromise Cards Portfolio
During 2008, the Company sold substantially
all of the Upromise Cards portfolio to Bank of America for an after-tax gain of
$127 million ($201 million pretax). The portfolio sold had balances of
approximately $1.2 billion of credit card receivables. This transaction is
reflected in the North America Regional Consumer
Banking business
results.
Sale of CitiStreet
On July 1, 2008, Citigroup and State Street
Corporation completed the sale of CitiStreet, a benefits servicing business, to
ING Group in an all-cash transaction valued at $900 million. CitiStreet is a
joint venture formed in 2000 that, prior to the sale, was owned 50% each by
Citigroup and State Street. The transaction closed on July 1, 2008, and
generated an after-tax gain of $222 million ($347 million pretax).
Divestiture
of Diners Club International
On June 30, 2008, Citigroup completed the sale
of Diners Club International (DCI) to Discover Financial Services, resulting in
an after-tax gain of approximately $56 million ($111 million
pretax).
Citigroup will continue to issue Diners Club
cards and support its brand and products through ownership of its many Diners
Club card issuers around the world.
Sale of
Citigroup Global Services Limited
In 2008, Citigroup sold all of its interest in
Citigroup Global Services Limited (CGSL) to Tata Consultancy Services Limited
(TCS) for all-cash consideration of approximately $515 million, resulting in an
after-tax gain of $192 million ($263 million pretax). CGSL was the Citigroup
captive provider of business process outsourcing services solely within the
Banking and Financial Services
sector.
In addition to the sale, Citigroup signed an
agreement with TCS for TCS to provide, through CGSL, process outsourcing
services to Citigroup and its affiliates in an aggregate amount of $2.5 billion
over a period of 9.5 years.
145
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Sale of
Nikko Cordial
On
October 1, 2009 the Company announced the successful completion of the sale of
Nikko Cordial Securities to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. The transaction
had a total cash value to Citi of 776 billion yen (U.S. $8.7 billion at an
exchange rate of 89.60 yen to U.S. $1.00 as of September 30, 2009). The cash
value is composed of the purchase price for the transferred business of 545
billion yen, the purchase price for certain Japanese-listed equity securities
held by Nikko Cordial Securities of 30 billion yen, and 201 billion yen of
excess cash derived through the repayment of outstanding indebtedness to Citi.
After considering the impact of foreign exchange hedges of the proceeds of the
transaction, the sale resulted an immaterial gain in 2009. A total of about
7,800 employees are included in the
transaction.
The Nikko Cordial operations had total assets
and total liabilities of approximately $24 billion and $16 billion,
respectively, at the time of sale, which were reflected in Citi Holdings prior
to the sale.
Results for all of the Nikko Cordial
businesses sold are reported as Discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations , including cash flows, related to the sale of
Nikko Cordial is as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 646 | $ | 1,194 | $ | 1,195 | |||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | (623 | ) | $ | (694 | ) | $ | 128 | |
Gain on sale | 97 | - | - | ||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (78 | ) | (286 | ) | 48 | ||||
Income (loss) from discontinued | |||||||||
operations, net of taxes | $ | (448 | ) | $ | (408 | ) | $ | 80 | |
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 13,867 | $ | (2,853 | ) | $ | 11,169 | ||
Cash flows from investing activities | (20,115 | ) | (3,306 | ) | (13,865 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | 6,233 | 6,179 | 2,710 | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||
discontinued operations | $ | (15 | ) | $ | 20 | $ | 14 |
Sale of
Citigroup's German Retail Banking Operations
On December 5, 2008, Citigroup sold its German
retail banking operations to Crédit Mutuel for 5.2 billion Euro in cash plus the
German retail bank's operating net earnings accrued in 2008 through the closing.
The sale resulted in an after-tax gain of approximately $3.9 billion, including
the after-tax gain on the foreign currency hedge of $383 million recognized
during the fourth quarter of 2008.
The sale does not include the corporate and investment banking business
or the Germany-based European data center.
The German retail banking operations had total
assets and total liabilities as of November 30, 2008 of $15.6 billion and $11.8
billion, respectively.
Results for all of the German retail
banking businesses sold, as well as the net gain recognized in 2008 from this
sale, are reported as Discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations, including cash flows, related to the sale of
the German retail banking operations is as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 87 | $ | 6,592 | $ | 2,212 | |||
Income from discontinued operations | $ | (22 | ) | $ | 1,438 | $ | 652 | ||
Gain on sale | (41 | ) | 3,695 | - | |||||
Provision for income taxes | (42 | ) | 426 | 214 | |||||
Income from discontinued | |||||||||
operations, net of taxes | $ | (21 | ) | $ | 4,707 | $ | 438 | ||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 5 | $ | (4,719 | ) | $ | 2,227 | ||
Cash flows from investing activities | 1 | 18,547 | (1,906 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities | (6 | ) | (14,226 | ) | (213 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||
discontinued operations | $ | - | $ | (398 | ) | $ | 108 |
146
CitiCapital
On July 31, 2008, Citigroup sold substantially all of CitiCapital, the
equipment finance unit in North America . The total proceeds from the transaction were approximately $12.5
billion and resulted in an after-tax loss to Citigroup of $305 million. This
loss is included in Income from discontinued operations on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income for the second quarter of
2008. The assets and liabilities for CitiCapital totaled approximately $12.9
billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, at June 30,
2008.
This transaction encompassed seven CitiCapital equipment finance business
lines, including Healthcare Finance, Private Label Equipment Finance, Material
Handling Finance, Franchise Finance, Construction Equipment Finance, Bankers
Leasing, and CitiCapital Canada. CitiCapital's Tax Exempt Finance business was
not part of the transaction and was retained by
Citigroup.
CitiCapital had approximately 1,400 employees and 160,000 customers
throughout North America.
Results for all of the CitiCapital businesses sold, as well as the net
loss recognized in 2008 from this sale, are reported as Discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations, including cash flows, related to the sale of CitiCapital is as
follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 46 | $ | 24 | $ | 991 | |||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 40 | $ | 273 | ||
Loss on sale | 17 | (506 | ) | - | |||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 4 | (202 | ) | 83 | |||||
Income (loss) from discontinued | |||||||||
operations, net of taxes | $ | 5 | $ | (264 | ) | $ | 190 | ||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | - | $ | (287 | ) | $ | (1,148 | ) | |
Cash flows from investing activities | - | 349 | 1,190 | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | - | (61 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||
discontinued operations | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | (1 | ) |
Combined Results for Discontinued
Operations
The following is summarized financial information for the Nikko Cordial
business, German retail banking operations and CitiCapital business.
Additionally, contingency consideration payments of $29 million pretax ($19
million after-tax) were received during 2009 related to the sale of Citigroup's
Asset Management business, which was sold in December 2005. Also, in relation to
the sale of its Life Insurance and Annuity business in 2005, the Company
fulfilled its previously agreed upon obligations with regard to its remaining
10% economic interest in the long-term care business that it had sold to the
predecessor of Genworth Financial in 2000. The reimbursement resulted in a
pretax loss of $50 million ($33 million after-tax) at December 31, 2008. Both
the Asset Management payment received and the Life Insurance and Annuity payment
made are included in these balances.
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 779 | $ | 7,810 | $ | 4,398 | ||
Income from discontinued operations | $ | (653 | ) | $ | 784 | $ | 1,053 | |
Gain on sale | 102 | 3,139 | - | |||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (106 | ) | (79 | ) | 345 | |||
Income from discontinued | ||||||||
operations, net of taxes | $ | (445 | ) | $ | 4,002 | $ | 708 |
Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 13,872 | $ | (7,859 | ) | $ | 12,248 | ||
Cash flows from investing activities | (20,085 | ) | 15,590 | (14,581 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities | 6,227 | (8,108 | ) | 2,454 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||
discontinued operations | $ | 14 | $ | (377 | ) | $ | 121 |
147
4. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Citigroup is a
diversified bank holding company whose businesses provide a broad range of
financial services to consumer and corporate customers around the world. The
Company's activities are conducted through the Regional Consumer Banking, Institutional Clients Group
(ICG), Citi Holdings and Corporate/Other business segments.
The Regional Consumer Banking segment includes a global, full-service
consumer franchise delivering a wide array of banking, credit card lending, and
investment services through a network of local branches, offices and electronic
delivery systems.
The businesses included in the Company's ICG segment provide corporations, governments,
institutions and investors in approximately 100 countries with a broad range of
banking and financial products and services.
The Citi Holdings segment is composed of the Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool.
Corporate/Other includes net treasury results, unallocated corporate expenses, offsets to
certain line-item reclassifications (eliminations), the results of discontinued
operations and unallocated
taxes.
The accounting policies of these reportable
segments are the same as those disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
The following table presents certain information regarding the Company's continuing operations by segment:
Identifiable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues, | Provision (benefit) | Income (loss) from | assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
net of interest expense | (1) | for income taxes | continuing operations | (1)(2)(3) | at year end | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars, except | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
identifiable assets in billions | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Regional Consumer Banking | $ | 22,771 | $ | 25,674 | $ | 26,643 | $ | (386 | ) | $ | 136 | $ | 2,122 | $ | 1,891 | $ | (3,140 | ) | $ | 5,589 | $ | 213 | $ | 199 | ||||||||||
Institutional Clients Group | 37,435 | 34,881 | 33,454 | 5,261 | 2,746 | 3,116 | 12,888 | 9,305 | 8,969 | 866 | 803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Subtotal Citicorp | 60,206 | 60,555 | 60,097 | 4,875 | 2,882 | 5,238 | 14,779 | 6,165 | 14,558 | 1,079 | 1,002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Citi Holdings | 30,635 | (6,698 | ) | 19,513 | (7,239 | ) | (22,621 | ) | (6,338 | ) | (8,239 | ) | (36,012 | ) | (8,692 | ) | 547 | 715 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate/Other | (10,556 | ) | (2,258 | ) | (2,310 | ) | (4,369 | ) | (587 | ) | (1,446 | ) | (7,606 | ) | (2,182 | ) | (2,674 | ) | 231 | 221 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 80,285 | $ | 51,599 | $ | 77,300 | $ | (6,733 | ) | $ | (20,326 | ) | $ | (2,546 | ) | $ | (1,066 | ) | $ | (32,029 | ) | $ | 3,192 | $ | 1,857 | $ | 1,938 |
(1) | Includes Citicorp total revenues, net of interest expense, in North America of $19.2 billion, $20.9 billion and $20.4 billion; in EMEA of $15.0 billion, $11.5 billion and $12.3 billion; in Latin America of $12.1 billion, $12.6 billion and $12.6 billion; and in Asia of $13.9 billion, $15.5 billion and $14.7 billion in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Regional numbers exclude Citi Holdings and Corporate/Other , which largely operate within the U.S. | |
(2) | Includes pretax provisions (credits) for credit losses and for benefits and claims in the Regional Consumer Banking results of $7.1 billion, $6.1 billion and $3.3 billion; in the ICG results of $1.7 billion, $1.9 billion and $557 million; and in the Citi Holdings results of $31.4 billion, $26.7 billion and $14.1 billion for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. | |
(3) | Corporate/Other reflects the restructuring charge, net of changes in estimates, of $1.5 billion for 2008 and $1.5 billion for 2007. Of the total charges, $890 million and $724 million is attributable to Citicorp; $267 million and $642 million to Citi Holdings; and $373 million and $131 million to Corporate/Other , for 2008 and 2007, respectively. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. |
148
5. INTEREST REVENUE AND EXPENSE
For the years ended
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, interest revenue and expense
consisted of the following:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | 2007 | (1) | ||||
Interest revenue | |||||||||
Loan interest, including fees | $ | 47,457 | $ | 62,336 | $ | 63,201 | |||
Deposits with banks | 1,478 | 3,074 | 3,097 | ||||||
Federal funds sold and securities | |||||||||
purchased under agreements to resell | 3,084 | 9,150 | 18,341 | ||||||
Investments, including dividends | 13,119 | 10,718 | 13,423 | ||||||
Trading account assets (2) | 10,723 | 17,446 | 18,474 | ||||||
Other interest | 774 | 3,775 | 4,811 | ||||||
Total interest revenue | $ | 76,635 | $ | 106,499 | $ | 121,347 | |||
Interest expense | |||||||||
Deposits (3) | $ | 10,146 | $ | 20,271 | $ | 28,402 | |||
Federal funds purchased and | |||||||||
securities loaned or sold under | |||||||||
agreements to repurchase | 3,433 | 11,265 | 23,003 | ||||||
Trading account liabilities (2) | 289 | 1,257 | 1,420 | ||||||
Short-term borrowings | 1,425 | 3,911 | 7,023 | ||||||
Long-term debt | 12,428 | 16,046 | 16,110 | ||||||
Total interest expense | $ | 27,721 | $ | 52,750 | $ | 75,958 | |||
Net interest revenue | $ | 48,914 | $ | 53,749 | $ | 45,389 | |||
Provision for loan losses | 38,760 | 33,674 | 16,832 | ||||||
Net interest revenue after | |||||||||
provision for loan losses | $ | 10,154 | $ | 20,075 | $ | 28,557 |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. | |
(2) | Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of interest revenue from Trading account assets . | |
(3) | Includes FDIC deposit insurance fees and charges. |
6. COMMISSIONS AND FEES
Commissions and fees
revenue includes charges to customers for credit and bank cards, including
transaction-processing fees and annual fees; advisory and equity and debt
underwriting services; lending and deposit-related transactions, such as loan
commitments, standby letters of credit and other deposit and loan servicing
activities; investment management-related fees, including brokerage services and
custody and trust services; and insurance fees and
commissions.
The following table presents commissions and
fees revenue for the years ended December 31:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Credit cards and bank cards | $ | 4,110 | $ | 4,517 | $ | 5,036 | |||
Investment banking | 3,466 | 2,284 | 5,228 | ||||||
Smith Barney | 837 | 2,836 | 3,265 | ||||||
ICG trading-related | 1,729 | 2,322 | 2,706 | ||||||
Transaction services | 1,306 | 1,423 | 1,166 | ||||||
Other consumer | 1,343 | 1,211 | 649 | ||||||
Checking-related | 1,043 | 1,134 | 1,108 | ||||||
Other ICG | 531 | 747 | 295 | ||||||
Primerica | 314 | 415 | 455 | ||||||
Loan servicing (1) | 1,858 | (1,731 | ) | 560 | |||||
Corporate finance (2) | 697 | (4,876 | ) | (667 | ) | ||||
Other | (118 | ) | 84 | 267 | |||||
Total commissions and fees | $ | 17,116 | $ | 10,366 | $ | 20,068 |
(1) | Includes fair value adjustments on mortgage servicing assets. The mark-to-market on the underlying economic hedges of the MSRs is included in Other revenue. | |
(2) | Includes write-downs of approximately $4.9 billion in 2008 and $1.5 billion in 2007, net of underwriting fees, on funded and unfunded highly leveraged finance commitments, recorded at fair value and reported as loans held for sale in Other assets. Write-downs were recorded on all highly leveraged finance commitments where there was value impairment, regardless of funding date. |
149
7. PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS
Principal transactions
revenue consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading
activities. Trading activities include revenues from fixed income, equities,
credit and commodities products, as well as foreign exchange transactions. Not
included in the table below is the impact of net interest revenue related to
trading activities, which is an integral part of trading activities'
profitability. The following table presents principal transactions revenue for
the years ended December 31:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Regional Consumer Banking | $ | 911 | $ | 149 | $ | 592 | |||
Institutional Clients Group | 6,194 | 6,498 | 6,324 | ||||||
Subtotal Citicorp | $ | 7,105 | 6,647 | 6,916 | |||||
Local Consumer Lending | (449 | ) | 1,520 | 773 | |||||
Brokerage and Asset Management | 33 | (4,958 | ) | 172 | |||||
Special Asset Pool | (3,112 | ) | (26,714 | ) | (20,719 | ) | |||
Subtotal Citi Holdings | $ | (3,528 | ) | (30,152 | ) | (19,774 | ) | ||
Corporate/Other | 355 | 904 | 511 | ||||||
Total Citigroup | $ | 3,932 | $ | (22,601 | ) | $ | (12,347 | ) | |
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Interest rate contracts (1) | $ | 4,075 | $ | (9,081 | ) | 159 | |||
Foreign exchange contracts (2) | 2,762 | 3,921 | 2,573 | ||||||
Equity contracts (3) | (334 | ) | (958 | ) | 521 | ||||
Commodity and other contracts (4) | 924 | 970 | 662 | ||||||
Credit derivatives (5) | (3,495 | ) | (17,453 | ) | (16,262 | ) | |||
Total Citigroup | $ | 3,932 | $ | (22,601 | ) | $ | (12,347 | ) |
(1) | Includes revenues from government securities and corporate debt, municipal securities, preferred stock, mortgage securities, and other debt instruments. Also includes spot and forward trading of currencies and exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) currency options, options on fixed income securities, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, swap options, caps and floors, financial futures, OTC options, and forward contracts on fixed income securities. | |
(2) | Includes revenues from foreign exchange spot, forward, option and swap contracts, as well as translation gains and losses. | |
(3) | Includes revenues from common, preferred and convertible preferred stock, convertible corporate debt, equity-linked notes, and exchange-traded and OTC equity options and warrants. | |
(4) | Primarily includes revenues from crude oil, refined oil products, natural gas, and other commodities trades. | |
(5) | Includes revenues from structured credit products. |
8. INCENTIVE PLANS
The Company has adopted a number of
equity compensation plans under which it administers stock options, restricted
or deferred stock awards, stock payments and stock purchase programs. The
award programs are used to attract, retain and motivate officers, employees and
non-employee directors, to provide incentives for their contributions to the
long-term performance and growth of the Company, and to align their interests
with those of stockholders. The plans are administered by the Personnel and
Compensation Committee of the Citigroup Board of Directors (the Committee),
which is composed entirely of independent non-employee directors. Since April
19, 2005, all equity awards have been pursuant to stockholder-approved
plans.
At December 31, 2009, approximately 580.33 million shares were authorized
and available for grant under Citigroup's 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, and
approximately 66.45 million shares were available for purchase under Citigroup's
2000 Stock Purchase Plan. The final purchase date for the last offering under
the stock purchase plan was in 2005 and the plan will expire by its terms on
April 30, 2010. Citigroup's general practice is to deliver shares from treasury
stock upon the exercise or vesting of equity
awards.
The following table shows components of compensation expense relating to
the Company's stock-based compensation programs as recorded during 2009, 2008
and 2007:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Charges for estimated awards to | ||||||||
retirement-eligible employees | $ | 207 | $ | 110 | $ | 467 | ||
Option expense | 55 | 29 | 86 | |||||
Amortization of deferred cash awards | 113 | - | - | |||||
Amortization of MC LTIP awards (1) | 19 | 18 | 18 | |||||
Amortization of salary stock awards | 162 | - | - | |||||
Amortization of restricted and deferred | ||||||||
stock awards (2) | 1,543 | 3,133 | 2,728 | |||||
Total | $ | 2,099 | $ | 3,290 | $ | 3,299 |
(1) | Management Committee Long-Term Incentive Plan (MC LTIP) awards were granted in 2007. The awards expired in December 2009 without the issuance of shares. | |
(2) | Represents amortization of expense over the remaining life of all unvested restricted and deferred stock awards granted to all employees prior to 2006. The 2009, 2008 and 2007 periods also include amortization expense for all unvested awards to non-retirement-eligible employees on or after January 1, 2006. Amortization includes estimated forfeitures of awards. |
150
Stock Award
Programs
Citigroup issues (and has issued) shares of its common stock in the form
of restricted stock awards, deferred stock awards, and stock payments pursuant
to the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (and predecessor plans) to its officers,
employees and non-employee
directors.
Citigroup's primary stock award program is the
Capital Accumulation Program (CAP). Generally, CAP awards of restricted or
deferred stock constitute a percentage of annual incentive compensation and vest
ratably over four-year periods, beginning on the first anniversary of the award
date.
Continuous employment within Citigroup is
generally required to vest in CAP and other stock award programs. Typically,
full or partial vesting is provided for participants whose employment is
terminated involuntarily during the vesting period for a reason other than
"gross misconduct," who meet specified age and service requirements
(retirement-eligible participants), or who die or become disabled during the
vesting period. Post-employment vesting by retirement-eligible participants is
generally conditioned upon their refraining from competing with Citigroup during
the remaining vesting period.
Generally, in order to reduce the use of
shares under Citigroup's stockholder-approved stock incentive plan,
the percentages of total annual incentives awarded pursuant to CAP in 2009 and
2010 were reduced and were instead awarded as deferred cash awards in the U.S.
and the U.K. The deferred cash awards are subject to two-year and four-year
vesting schedules, but the other terms and conditions are the same as CAP
awards. The deferred cash awards earn a return during the vesting period based
on LIBOR; in 2010 only, a portion of the deferred cash award was denominated as
a stock unit, the value of which will fluctuate based on the price of Citi
common stock. In both cases, only cash will be delivered at
vesting.
In 2009 and prior years, CAP awards were
granted to Smith Barney financial advisors and employees of certain other
businesses with two-year vesting schedules (FA
CAP).
From 2003 to 2007, Citigroup granted annual
stock awards under its Citigroup Ownership Program (COP) to a broad base of
employees who were not eligible for CAP. The COP awards of restricted or
deferred stock vest after three years, but otherwise have terms similar to
CAP.
Non-employee directors receive part of their
compensation in the form of deferred stock awards that vest in two years, and
may elect to receive part of their retainer in the form of a stock payment,
which they may elect to defer.
From time to time, restricted or deferred
stock awards are made to induce talented employees to join Citigroup or as
special retention awards to key employees. Vesting periods vary, but are
generally two to four years. Generally, recipients must remain employed through
the vesting dates to receive the shares awarded, except in cases of death,
disability, or involuntary termination other than for "gross misconduct." Unlike
CAP, these awards do not usually provide for post-employment vesting by
retirement-eligible participants.
For all stock awards, during the applicable vesting period, the shares
awarded are not issued to participants (in the case of a deferred stock award)
or cannot be sold or transferred by the participants (in the case of a
restricted stock award), until after the vesting conditions have been satisfied.
Recipients of deferred stock awards do not have any stockholder rights until
shares are delivered to them, but they generally are entitled to receive
dividend-equivalent payments during the vesting period. Recipients of restricted
stock awards are entitled to a limited voting right and to receive dividend
equivalent payments during the vesting period. Once a stock award vests, the
shares become freely transferable (but certain executives are required to hold
the shares subject to a stock ownership
commitment).
Compensation
in respect of 2009 performance to certain officers and highly-compensated
employees (other than the CEO, who received no incentive compensation) was
administered pursuant to structures approved by the Special Master for TARP
Executive Compensation (Special Master). Pursuant to such structures, the
affected employees did not participate in CAP and instead received equity
compensation in the form of salary stock payments (which become transferrable in
monthly installments over periods of either one year or three years beginning in
January 2010), and incentive awards in the form of fully-vested stock payments,
long-term restricted stock (LTRS) and other restricted and deferred stock awards
subject to vesting requirements and sale restrictions. The LTRS awards generally
will not vest unless the employee remains employed until January 20, 2013, and
vested shares will become transferable only in 25% installments as each 25%
of Citi's TARP obligations is repaid. The awards are also subject to
clawback provisions. Similar to CAP awards, the LTRS awards will vest in the
event of the recipient's death or disability, but vesting upon
retirement or a change in control are not provided. The other restricted
and deferred stock awards vest ratably over three years pursuant to terms
similar to CAP awards, but vested shares are subject to sale restrictions until
the later of the first anniversary of the regularly scheduled vesting date, or
January 20, 2013.
Unearned compensation expense associated with the CAP, COP and the other
restricted and deferred stock awards described above represents the market value
of Citigroup common stock at the date of grant and is recognized as a charge to
income ratably over the vesting period, except for those awards granted to
retirement-eligible employees. The charge to income for awards made to
retirement-eligible employees is accelerated based on the dates the retirement
rules are met. Beginning in 2006, stock awards to retirement-eligible employees
are recognized in the year prior to the grant in the same manner as cash
incentive compensation is accrued.
In connection with its agreement to repay $20
billion of its TARP obligations to the U.S. Treasury Department in December
2009, Citigroup announced that $1.7 billion of incentive compensation that would
have otherwise been awarded in cash to employees in respect of 2009 performance
would instead be awarded as "common stock equivalent" (CSE) awards. CSE awards
are denominated in U.S. dollars or in local currency and will be paid in April
2010. CSEs are subject to forfeiture only if employment is terminated for reason
of "gross misconduct" on or prior to the payment date. If stockholders approve
in April 2010, the CSEs will be paid in fully transferable
151
shares of Citigroup
common stock. The number of shares to be delivered will equal the CSE award
value divided by the then fair market value of the common stock. For CSEs
awarded to certain employees whose compensation structure was approved by
the Special Master, 50% of the shares to be delivered in April 2010 will be
subject to restrictions on sale and transfer until January 20, 2011. In lieu of
2010 CAP awards, certain retirement-eligible employees were instead awarded CSEs
payable in April 2010, but any shares that are to be delivered in April 2010
(subject to stockholder approval) will be subject to restrictions on sale or
transfer that will lapse in four equal annual installments beginning January 20,
2011. CSE awards have generally been accrued as compensation expenses in the
year 2009 and will be recorded as a liability from the January 2010 grant date
until the settlement date in April 2010. If stockholders approve delivery of
Citigroup stock for the CSE awards, CSE awards will likely be paid as new issues
of common stock as an exception to the Company's practice of delivering shares
from treasury stock, and the recorded liability will be reclassified as equity
at that time.
In January 2009, members of the Management
Executive Committee (except the CEO and CFO) received 30% of their incentive
awards for 2008 as performance vesting-equity awards. These awards vest 50% if
the price of Citigroup common stock meets a price target of $10.61, and 50% for
a price target of $17.85, in each case on or prior to January 14, 2013. The
price target will be met only if the NYSE closing price equals or exceeds the
applicable price target for at least 20 NYSE trading days within any period of
30 consecutive NYSE trading days ending on or before January 14, 2013. Any
shares that have not vested by such date will vest according to a fraction, the
numerator of which is the share price on the delivery date and the denominator
of which is the price target of the unvested shares. No dividend equivalents are
paid on unvested awards. Fair value of the awards is recognized as compensation
expense ratably over the vesting period.
On July 17, 2007, the Committee approved the Management Committee
Long-Term Incentive Plan (MC LTIP) (pursuant to the terms of the
shareholder-approved 1999 Stock Incentive Plan) under which participants
received an equity award that could be earned based on Citigroup's performance
against various metrics relative to peer companies and publicly-stated return on
equity (ROE) targets measured at the end of each calendar year beginning with
2007. The final expense for each of the three consecutive calendar years was
adjusted based on the results of the ROE tests. No awards were earned for 2009,
2008 or 2007 and no shares were issued because performance targets were not met.
No new awards were made under the MC LTIP since the initial award in July
2007.
CAP participants in 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005,
and FA CAP participants in those years and in 2009, could elect to receive all
or part of their award in stock options. The figures presented in the stock
option program tables (see "Stock Option Programs" below) include options
granted in lieu of CAP and FA CAP stock awards in those
years.
A summary of the status of Citigroup's
unvested stock awards at December 31, 2009 and changes during the 12 months
ended December 31, 2009 are presented below:
Weighted-average | ||||
grant date | ||||
Unvested stock awards | Shares | fair value | ||
Unvested at January 1, 2009 | 226,210,859 | $ | 36.23 | |
New awards | 162,193,923 | $ | 4.35 | |
Cancelled awards | (51,873,773 | ) | $ | 26.59 |
Deleted awards | (568,377 | ) | $ | 13.91 |
Vested awards (1) | (148,011,884 | ) | $ | 25.96 |
Unvested at December 31, 2009 | 187,950,748 | $ | 19.53 |
(1) | The weighted-average market value of the vestings during 2009 was approximately $3.64 per share. |
At December 31, 2009, there was $1.6 billion of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock awards net of the forfeiture provision. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.
152
Stock Option
Programs
The Company
has a number of stock option programs for its non-employee directors, officers
and employees. Generally, in January 2008, 2007 and 2006, stock options were
granted only to CAP and FA CAP participants who elected to receive stock options
in lieu of restricted or deferred stock awards, and to non-employee directors
who elected to receive their compensation in the form of a stock option grant.
Beginning in 2009, CAP participants, and directors may no longer elect to
receive stock options. Occasionally, stock options also may be granted as
sign-on awards. All stock options are granted on Citigroup common stock with
exercise prices that are no less than the fair market value at the time of grant
(which is defined under the plan to be the NYSE closing price on the trading day
immediately preceding the grant date, or on the grant date for grants to certain
officers). Generally, options granted from 2003 through 2009 have six-year
terms, and vest ratably over three- or four-year periods; however, directors'
options cliff vest after two years, and vesting schedules for sign-on grants may
vary. The sale of shares acquired through the exercise of employee stock options
granted from 2003 through 2008 (and FA CAP options granted in 2009) is
restricted for a two-year period (and may be subject to the stock ownership
commitment of senior executives
thereafter).
Prior to 2003, Citigroup options, including
options granted since the date of the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group,
Inc., generally vested at a rate of 20% per year over five years (with the first
vesting date occurring 12 to 18 months following the grant date) and had 10-year
terms. Certain options, mostly granted prior to January 1, 2003, and with
10-year terms, permit an employee exercising an option under certain conditions
to be granted new options (reload options) in an amount equal to the number of
common shares used to satisfy the exercise price and the withholding taxes due
upon exercise. The reload options are granted for the remaining term of the
related original option and vest after six months. Reload options may in turn be
exercised using the reload method, given certain conditions. An option may not
be exercised using the reload method unless the market price on the date of
exercise is at least 20% greater than the option exercise price.
On October 29, 2009, Citigroup made a one-time broad-based option grant
to employees worldwide. The options have a six-year term, and generally vest in
three equal installments over three years, beginning on the first anniversary of
the grant date. The options were awarded with a strike price equal to the NYSE
closing price on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant
($4.08). The CEO and other employees whose 2009 compensation was subject
to structures approved by the Special Master did not participate
in this grant.
In January 2009, members of the Management
Executive Committee received 10% of their awards as performance-priced stock
options, with an exercise price that placed the awards significantly "out of the
money" on the date of grant. Half of each executive's options have an exercise
price of $17.85 and half have an exercise price of $10.61. The options were
granted on a day on which Citi's closing price was $4.53. The options have a
10-year term and vest ratably over a four-year
period.
On January 22, 2008, Vikram Pandit, CEO, was
awarded stock options to purchase three million shares of common stock. The
options vest 25% per year beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date
and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. One-third of the options
have an exercise price equal to the NYSE closing price of Citigroup stock on the
grant date ($24.40), one-third have an exercise price equal to a 25% premium
over the grant-date closing price ($30.50), and one-third have an exercise price
equal to a 50% premium over the grant date closing price ($36.60). The first
installment of these options vested on January 22, 2009. These options do not
have a reload feature.
From 1997-2002, a broad base of employees
participated in annual option grant programs. The options vested over five-year
periods, or cliff vested after five years, and had 10-year terms but no reload
features. No grants have been made under these programs since
2002.
153
Information with respect to stock option activity under Citigroup stock option programs for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted- | Weighted- | Weighted- | ||||||||||||||||||||||
average | Intrinsic | average | Intrinsic | average | Intrinsic | |||||||||||||||||||
exercise | value | exercise | value | exercise | value | |||||||||||||||||||
Options | price | per share | Options | price | per share | Options | price | per share | ||||||||||||||||
Outstanding, beginning of period | 143,860,657 | $ | 41.84 | $- | 172,767,122 | $ | 43.08 | $- | 212,067,917 | $ | 41.87 | $ | 13.83 | |||||||||||
Granted-original | 321,244,728 | 4.27 | - | 18,140,448 | 24.70 | - | 2,178,136 | 54.21 | - | |||||||||||||||
Granted-reload | - | - | - | 15,984 | 28.05 | - | 3,093,370 | 52.66 | - | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited or exchanged | (39,285,305 | ) | 36.98 | - | (24,080,659 | ) | 42.19 | - | (8,796,402 | ) | 46.26 | 1.52 | ||||||||||||
Expired | (21,775,274 | ) | 36.21 | - | (20,441,584 | ) | 38.88 | - | (843,256 | ) | 43.40 | 4.38 | ||||||||||||
Exercised | - | - | - | (2,540,654 | ) | 22.36 | - | (34,932,643 | ) | 36.62 | 11.16 | |||||||||||||
Outstanding, end of period | 404,044,806 | $ | 12.75 | $- | 143,860,657 | $ | 41.84 | $- | 172,767,122 | $ | 43.08 | $ | - | |||||||||||
Exercisable at end of period | 78,939,093 | 123,654,795 | 165,024,814 |
The following table summarizes the information about stock options outstanding under Citigroup stock option programs at December 31, 2009:
Options outstanding | Options exercisable | ||||||||||
Weighted-average | |||||||||||
Number | contractual life | Weighted-average | Number | Weighted-average | |||||||
Range of exercise prices | outstanding | remaining | exercise price | exercisable | exercise price | ||||||
$2.97–$9.99 | 310,267,922 | 5.8 years | $ | 4.08 | 232,964 | $ | 5.89 | ||||
$10.00–$19.99 | 5,718,033 | 8.6 years | 14.75 | 257,547 | 15.74 | ||||||
$20.00–$29.99 | 10,765,908 | 4.5 years | 24.52 | 3,518,919 | 24.81 | ||||||
$30.00–$39.99 | 6,340,854 | 3.8 years | 34.66 | 4,836,471 | 35.01 | ||||||
$40.00–$49.99 | 63,222,120 | 1.0 years | 46.17 | 62,878,916 | 46.16 | ||||||
$50.00–$56.41 | 7,729,969 | 2.0 years | 52.12 | 7,214,276 | 51.96 | ||||||
404,044,806 | 5.0 years | $ | 12.76 | 78,939,093 | $ | 44.83 |
As of December 31, 2009, there was $445.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options; this cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
Fair Value
Assumptions
Reload options are treated as separate grants from the related original
grants. Pursuant to the terms of currently outstanding reloadable options, upon
exercise of an option, if employees use previously owned shares to pay the
exercise price and surrender shares otherwise to be received for related tax
withholding, they will receive a reload option covering the same number of
shares used for such purposes, but only if the market price on the date of
exercise is at least 20% greater than the option exercise price. Reload options
vest after six months and carry the same expiration date as the option that gave
rise to the reload grant. The exercise price of a reload grant is the
fair-market value of Citigroup common stock on the date the underlying option is
exercised. Reload options are intended to encourage employees to exercise
options at an earlier date and to retain the shares acquired. The result of this
program is that employees generally will exercise options as soon as they are
able and, therefore, these options have shorter expected lives. Shorter option
lives result in lower valuations. However, such values are expensed more quickly
due to the shorter vesting period of reload options. In
addition,
since reload options are
treated as separate grants, the existence of the reload feature results in a
greater number of options being valued. Shares received through option exercises
under the reload program, as well as certain other options, are subject to
restrictions on sale.
Additional valuation and related assumption
information for Citigroup option programs is presented below. Citigroup uses a
lattice-type model to value stock options.
For options granted during | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Weighted-average per-share fair value, | |||||||||
at December 31 | $ | 1.38 | $ | 3.62 | $ | 6.52 | |||
Weighted-average expected life | |||||||||
Original grants | 5.87 yrs. | 5.00 yrs. | 4.66 yrs. | ||||||
Reload grants | N/A | 1.04 yrs. | 1.86 yrs. | ||||||
Valuation assumptions | |||||||||
Expected volatility | 35.89 | % | 25.11 | % | 19.21 | % | |||
Risk-free interest rate | 2.79 | % | 2.76 | % | 4.79 | % | |||
Expected dividend yield | 0.02 | % | 4.53 | % | 4.03 | % | |||
Expected annual forfeitures | |||||||||
Original and reload grants | 7.6 | % | 7 | % | 7 | % |
N/A Not applicable
154
9. RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has
several non-contributory defined-benefit pension plans covering certain
U.S. employees and has various defined-benefit pension and termination-indemnity
plans covering employees outside the United States. The U.S. qualified
defined-benefit plan provides benefits under a cash balance formula. However,
employees satisfying certain age and service requirements remain covered by a
prior final-average pay formula under that plan. Effective January 1, 2008, the
U.S. qualified pension plan was frozen for most employees. Accordingly, no
additional compensation-based contributions were credited to the cash-balance
plan for existing plan participants during 2008 or 2009. However, certain
employees covered under the
prior final-pay plan
continue to accrue benefits. The Company also offers postretirement health care
and life insurance benefits to certain eligible U.S. retired employees, as well
as to certain eligible employees outside the United
States.
The following tables summarize the components
of net (benefit) expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income and
the funded status and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for
the Company's U.S. qualified pension plan, postretirement plans and plans
outside the United States. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for
the U.S. plans as well as the plans outside the United
States.
Net (Benefit) Expense
Pension plans | Postretirement benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans (1) | Non-U.S. plans | U.S. plans | Non-U.S. plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits earned during the year | $ | 18 | $ | 23 | $ | 301 | $ | 148 | $ | 201 | $ | 202 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 26 | $ | 36 | $ | 27 | ||||||||||||
Interest cost on benefit obligation | 649 | 674 | 641 | 301 | 354 | 318 | 61 | 62 | 59 | 89 | 96 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (912 | ) | (949 | ) | (889 | ) | (336 | ) | (487 | ) | (477 | ) | (10 | ) | (12 | ) | (12 | ) | (77 | ) | (109 | ) | (103 | ) | ||||||||||||
Amortization of unrecognized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net transition obligation | - | - | - | (1 | ) | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior service cost (benefit) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | (3 | ) | 4 | 4 | 3 | (1 | ) | - | (3 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
Net actuarial loss | 10 | - | 84 | 60 | 24 | 39 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 18 | 21 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Curtailment (gain) loss (2) | 47 | 56 | - | 22 | 108 | 36 | - | 16 | 9 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (benefit) expense | $ | (189 | ) | $ | (198 | ) | $ | 134 | $ | 198 | $ | 205 | $ | 123 | $ | 53 | $ | 71 | $ | 57 | $ | 56 | $ | 44 | $ | 12 |
(1) | The U.S. plans exclude nonqualified pension plans, for which the net expense was $41 million in 2009, $38 million in 2008 and $45 million in 2007. | |
(2) | The 2009 curtailment loss in the non-U.S pension plans includes $18 million gain reflecting the sale of Citigroup's Nikko operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the sale of Nikko operations. |
The estimated net actuarial loss, prior service cost and net transition obligation that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net expense in 2010 are approximately $104 million, $2 million and $(2) million, respectively, for defined-benefit pension plans. For postretirement plans, the estimated 2010 net actuarial loss and prior service cost amortizations are approximately $21 million and $(3) million, respectively.
155
Net Amount Recognized
Pension plans | Post retirement benefit plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans | (1) | Non-U.S. plans | U.S. plans | Non-U.S. plans | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||
Change in projected benefit obligation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 11,010 | $ | 11,029 | $ | 4,563 | $ | 6,007 | $ | 1,062 | $ | 1,042 | $ | 937 | $ | 1,193 | |||||||||
Benefits earned during the year | 18 | 23 | 148 | 201 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 36 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest cost on benefit obligation | 649 | 674 | 301 | 354 | 60 | 62 | 89 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||
Plan amendments | - | - | (2 | ) | 2 | - | - | (4 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
Actuarial loss (gain) | 559 | (167 | ) | 533 | (625 | ) | 43 | 1 | 57 | (79 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Benefits paid | (1,105 | ) | (607 | ) | (225 | ) | (282 | ) | (93 | ) | (72 | ) | (42 | ) | (41 | ) | |||||||||
Expected Medicare Part D subsidy | - | - | - | - | 13 | 11 | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | - | - | - | 206 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Divestitures | - | - | (170 | ) | (380 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Settlements | - | - | (94 | ) | (65 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Curtailments (2) | 47 | 58 | 13 | 3 | - | 17 | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange impact | - | - | 333 | (858 | ) | - | - | 81 | (266 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation at year end | $ | 11,178 | $ | 11,010 | $ | 5,400 | $ | 4,563 | $ | 1,086 | $ | 1,062 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 937 | |||||||||
Change in plan assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year | $ | 11,516 | $ | 12,840 | $ | 4,536 | $ | 6,629 | $ | 143 | $ | 191 | $ | 671 | $ | 1,008 | |||||||||
Actual return on plan assets | (488 | ) | (730 | ) | 728 | (883 | ) | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | 194 | (182 | ) | |||||||||||
Company contributions (3) | 11 | 13 | 382 | 286 | 71 | 31 | 91 | 72 | |||||||||||||||||
Employee contributions | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | - | - | - | 165 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Divestitures | - | - | (122 | ) | (380 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Settlements | - | - | (95 | ) | (57 | ) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Benefits paid | (1,105 | ) | (607 | ) | (225 | ) | (282 | ) | (93 | ) | (72 | ) | (42 | ) | (42 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign exchange impact | - | - | 383 | (948 | ) | - | - | 53 | (185 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Plan assets at fair value at year end | $ | 9,934 | $ | 11,516 | $ | 5,592 | $ | 4,536 | $ | 114 | $ | 143 | $ | 967 | $ | 671 | |||||||||
Funded status of the plan at year end (4) | $ | (1,244 | ) | $ | 506 | $ | 192 | $ | (27 | ) | $ | (972 | ) | $ | (919 | ) | $ | (174 | ) | $ | (266 | ) | |||
Net amount recognized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit asset | $ | - | $ | 506 | $ | 684 | $ | 511 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 57 | $ | - | |||||||||
Benefit liability | (1,244 | ) | - | (492 | ) | (538 | ) | (972 | ) | (919 | ) | (231 | ) | (266 | ) | ||||||||||
Net amount recognized on the balance sheet | $ | (1,244 | ) | $ | 506 | $ | 192 | $ | (27 | ) | $ | (972 | ) | $ | (919 | ) | $ | (174 | ) | $ | (266 | ) | |||
Amounts recognized in Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net transition obligation | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | |||||||
Prior service cost (benefit) | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | 23 | 29 | (10 | ) | (10 | ) | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
Net actuarial loss | 3,927 | 1,978 | 1,280 | 1,219 | 99 | 41 | 393 | 442 | |||||||||||||||||
Net amount recognized in equity-pretax | $ | 3,925 | $ | 1,974 | $ | 1,299 | $ | 1,243 | $ | 89 | $ | 31 | $ | 389 | $ | 442 | |||||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation at year end | $ | 11,129 | $ | 10,937 | $ | 4,902 | $ | 4,145 | $ | 1,086 | $ | 1,062 | $ | 1,141 | $ | 937 |
(1) | The U.S. plans exclude nonqualified pension plans, for which the aggregate projected benefit obligation was $637 million and $586 million and the aggregate accumulated benefit obligation was $636 million and $580 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. These plans are unfunded. As such, the funded status of these plans is $(637) million and $(586) million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) reflects pretax charges of $137 million and $72 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, that primarily relate to net actuarial loss. | |
(2) | Changes in projected benefit obligation due to curtailments in the non-U.S. pension plans in 2009 include $(3) million and $(9) million in curtailment gains and $16 million and $12 million in special termination costs during 2009 and 2008, respectively. | |
(3) | Company contributions to the U.S. pension plan include $11 million and $13 million during 2009 and 2008, respectively, relating to certain investment advisory fees and administrative costs that were absorbed by the Company. Company contributions to the non-U.S. pension plans include $29 million and $55 million of benefits directly paid by the Company during 2009 and 2008, respectively. | |
(4) | The U.S. qualified pension plan is fully funded under specified ERISA funding rules as of January 1, 2009 and projected to be fully funded under these rules as of December 31, 2009. |
156
The following table shows the change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | Change | ||||||
Other assets | |||||||||
Prepaid benefit cost | $ | 741 | $ | 1,017 | $ | (276 | ) | ||
Other liabilities | |||||||||
Accrued benefit liability | 3,576 | 2,309 | 1,267 | ||||||
Funded status (1) | $ | (2,835 | ) | $ | (1,292 | ) | $ | (1,543 | ) |
Change in deferred taxes, net | $ | 513 | |||||||
Amortization and other | 184 | ||||||||
Change in accumulated other | |||||||||
comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (846 | ) |
(1) | Funded status consists of Net amount recognized on the balance sheet of the U.S. qualified and nonqualified pension and postretirement benefit plans, as well as the non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans . |
At the end of 2009 and 2008, for both qualified and nonqualified plans and for both funded and unfunded plans, the aggregate projected benefit obligation (PBO), the aggregate accumulated benefit obligation (ABO), and the aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets, and pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets, were as follows:
PBO exceeds fair value of plan | ABO exceeds fair value of plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||
assets | assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans | (1) | Non-U.S. plans | U.S. plans | (1) | Non-U.S. plans | ||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 11,815 | $ | 586 | $ | 1,662 | $ | 1,866 | $ | 11,815 | $ | 586 | $ | 1,288 | $ | 1,374 | |||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation | 11,765 | 580 | 1,414 | 1,640 | 11,765 | 580 | 1,127 | 1,231 | |||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets | 9,934 | - | 1,169 | 1,328 | 9,934 | - | 842 | 875 |
(1) | In 2009, the PBO and ABO of the U.S. plans include $11,178 million and $11,129 million, respectively, relating to the qualified plan and $637 million and $636 million, respectively, relating to the nonqualified plans. The PBO and ABO of the U.S. qualified pension plan did not exceed fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2008 and were not included in the 2008 benefit obligations summarized above . |
At December 31, 2009, combined accumulated benefit obligations for the U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, excluding U.S. nonqualified plans, exceeded plan assets by $0.5 billion. At December 31, 2008, combined plan assets for the U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, excluding U.S. nonqualified plans, exceeded the accumulated benefit obligations by $1.0 billion.
157
Assumptions
The discount rate and future rate of compensation assumptions used in determining pension and postretirement benefit obligations and net benefit expense for the Company's plans are shown in the following table:
At year end | 2009 | 2008 | ||
Discount rate | ||||
U.S. plans (1) | ||||
Pension | 5.90 | % | 6.1 | % |
Postretirement | 5.55 | 6.0 | ||
Non-U.S. plans | ||||
Range | 2.00 to 13.25 | 1.75 to 17.0 | ||
Weighted average | 6.50 | 6.6 | ||
Future compensation increase rate | ||||
U.S. plans (2) | 3.00 | 3.0 | ||
Non-U.S. plans | ||||
Range | 1.0 to 12.0 | 1.0 to 11.5 | ||
Weighted average | 4.60 | 4.5 | ||
During the year | 2009 | 2008 | ||
Discount rate | ||||
U.S. plans (1) | ||||
Pension | 6.1 | % | 6.2 | % |
Postretirement | 6.0 | 6.0 | ||
Non-U.S. plans | ||||
Range | 1.75 to 17.0 | 2.0 to 10.25 | ||
Weighted average | 6.60 | 6.2 | ||
Future compensation increase rate | ||||
U.S. plans (2) | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||
Non-U.S. plans | ||||
Range | 1.0 to 11.5 | 1.0 to 8.25 | ||
Weighted average | 4.5 | 4.4 |
(1) | Weighted-average rates for the U.S. plans equal the stated rates. | |
(2) | Effective January 1, 2008, the U.S. qualified pension plan was frozen. Only the future compensation increases for the grandfathered employees will affect future pension expense and obligations. Future compensation increase rates for small groups of employees were 4% or 6%. |
A one-percentage-point change in the discount rates would have the following effects on pension expense:
One-percentage-point increase | One-percentage-point decrease | |||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||
Effect on pension expense for U.S. plans (1) | $ | 14 | $ | 36 | $ | 25 | $ | (27 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | |||
Effect on pension expense for non-U.S. plans | (40 | ) | (58 | ) | (59 | ) | 62 | 94 | 80 |
(1) | Due to the freeze of the U.S. qualified pension plan commencing January 1, 2008, the majority of the prospective service cost has been eliminated and the gain/loss amortization period was changed to the life expectancy for inactive participants. As a result, pension expense for the U.S. qualified pension plan is driven more by interest costs than service costs, and an increase in the discount rate would increase pension expense, while a decrease in the discount rate would decrease pension expense. |
158
Assumed health-care cost-trend rates were as follows:
2009 | 2008 | |||
Health-care cost increase rate U.S. plans | ||||
Following year | 8.00 | % | 7.50 | % |
Ultimate rate to which cost increase is assumed to decline | 5.00 | 5.00 | ||
Year in which the ultimate rate is reached | 2016 | 2014 |
A one-percentage-point change in assumed health-care cost-trend rates would have the following effects:
One-percentage- | One-percentage- | |||||||||||
point increase | point decrease | |||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
Effect on benefits earned and | ||||||||||||
interest cost for U.S. plans | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | ||
Effect on accumulated | ||||||||||||
postretirement benefit | ||||||||||||
obligation for U.S. plans | 60 | 47 | (49 | ) | (41 | ) |
Citigroup considers the expected rate of return to be a long-term
assessment of return expectations, based on each plan's expected asset
allocation, and does not anticipate changing this assumption annually unless
there are significant changes in economic conditions or portfolio composition.
Market performance over a number of earlier years is evaluated covering a wide
range of economic conditions to determine whether there are sound reasons for
projecting any past trends.
The expected long-term rates of return on
assets used in determining the Company's pension expense are shown below:
2009 | 2008 | |||
Rate of return on assets | ||||
U.S. plans (1) | 7.75 | % | 8.00 | % |
Non-U.S. plans | ||||
Range | 2.50 to 13.0 | 3.14 to 12.5 | ||
Weighted average | 7.31 | 7.62 |
(1) | Weighted-average rates for the U.S. plans equal the stated rates. As of December 31, 2008, the Company lowered its expected rate of return to 7.75%. |
A one-percentage-point change in the expected rates of return would have the following effects on pension expense:
One-percentage-point increase | One-percentage-point decrease | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||
Effect on pension expense for U.S. plans | $ | (109 | ) | $ | (118 | ) | $ | (118 | ) | $ | 109 | $ | 118 | $ | 118 | ||
Effect on pension expense for non-U.S. plans | (44 | ) | (66 | ) | (59 | ) | 44 | 66 | 59 |
159
Plan Assets
Citigroup's pension and postretirement plans'
asset allocations for the U.S. plans at the end of 2009 and 2008, and the target
allocations for 2010 by asset category based on asset fair values, are as
follows:
Target asset | U.S. pension assets | U.S. postretirement assets | ||||||||
allocation | at December 31 | at December 31 | ||||||||
Asset category (1) | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Equity securities (2) | 0 to 34 | % | 12 | % | 6 | % | 12 | % | 6 | % |
Debt securities | 30 to 67 | 40 | 42 | 39 | 42 | |||||
Real estate | 0 to 7 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | |||||
Private equity | 0 to 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 17 | |||||
Other investments | 8 to 34 | 27 | 29 | 28 | 29 | |||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
(1) | Target asset allocations for the U.S. plans are set by investment strategy, not by investment product. For example, private equities with an underlying investment in real estate are classified in the real estate asset category, not private equity. | |
(2) | Equity securities in the U.S. pension plans include no Citigroup common stock at the end of 2009 and 2008. |
Third-party investment managers and third-party affiliated advisors provide their respective services to Citigroup's U.S. pension plans. Assets are rebalanced as the Pension Plan Investment Committee deems appropriate. Citigroup's investment strategy, with respect to its pension assets, is to maintain a globally diversified investment portfolio across several asset classes, targeting an annual rate of return of 7.75% that, when combined with Citigroup's contributions
to the plans, will
maintain the plans' ability to meet all required benefit
obligations.
Citigroup's pension and postretirement plans'
weighted-average asset allocations for the non-U.S. plans and the actual ranges
at the end of 2009 and 2008, and the weighted-average target allocations for
2010 by asset category based on asset fair values, are as
follows:
Non-U.S. pension plans | ||||||||||
Weighted-average | Actual range | Weighted-average | ||||||||
target asset allocation | at December 31 | at December 31 | ||||||||
Asset category | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Equity securities | 23 | % | 0 to 64 | % | 0 to 57 | % | 34 | % | 34 | % |
Debt securities | 67 | 0 to 99 | 0 to 86 | 55 | 55 | |||||
Real estate | 1 | 0 to 29 | 0 to 40 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Other investments | 9 | 0 to 100 | 0 to 100 | 10 | 10 | |||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
Non-U.S. postretirement plans | ||||||||||
Weighted-average | Actual range | Weighted-average | ||||||||
target asset allocation | at December 31 | at December 31 | ||||||||
Asset category | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Equity securities | 39 | % | 0 to 53 | % | 0 to 53 | % | 52 | % | 52 | % |
Debt securities | 41 | 0 to 100 | 36 to 100 | 37 | 37 | |||||
Other investments | 20 | 0 to 11 | 0 to 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
160
Fair Value
Disclosure
Plan assets
by detailed asset categories and the fair value hierarchy are as
follows:
In millions of dollars | U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans | (1) | |||||||||||
Fair value measurement at December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
Asset categories | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||
Equity securities | |||||||||||||
U.S. equity | $ | 531 | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | 532 | |||||
Non-U.S. equity | 310 | - | 1 | 311 | |||||||||
Mutual funds | 199 | - | - | 199 | |||||||||
Debt securities | |||||||||||||
U.S. treasuries | 1,263 | - | - | 1,263 | |||||||||
U.S. agency | - | 124 | - | 124 | |||||||||
U.S. corporate bonds | - | 809 | 1 | 810 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. government debt | - | 350 | - | 350 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate bonds | - | 218 | - | 218 | |||||||||
State and municipal debt | - | 41 | - | 41 | |||||||||
Hedge funds | - | 1,398 | 1,235 | 2,633 | |||||||||
Asset backed securities | - | 33 | - | 33 | |||||||||
Mortgage backed securities | - | 33 | - | 33 | |||||||||
Annuity contracts | - | - | 215 | 215 | |||||||||
Private equity | - | - | 2,539 | 2,539 | |||||||||
Other investments (2) | (14 | ) | 18 | 148 | 152 | ||||||||
Real estate | 9 | - | - | 9 | |||||||||
Total investments | $ | 2,298 | $ | 3,024 | $ | 4,140 | $ | 9,462 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 108 | $ | 478 | $ | - | $ | 586 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 2,406 | $ | 3,502 | $ | 4,140 | $ | 10,048 |
(1) | The investments of the U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans are commingled in a trust. At December 31, 2009, the allocable interests of the U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans were 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively. | |
(2) | Other investments classified as Level 1 include futures carried at fair value. |
In millions of dollars | Non-U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans | (1) | |||||||||||
Fair value measurement at December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
Asset categories | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||
Equity securities | |||||||||||||
U.S. equity | $ | - | $ | 19 | $ | - | $ | 19 | |||||
Non-U.S. equity | 323 | 422 | - | 745 | |||||||||
Mutual funds | 922 | 2,035 | - | 2,957 | |||||||||
Debt securities | |||||||||||||
U.S. Treasuries | - | 19 | - | 19 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. government debt | 1 | 1,159 | - | 1,160 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate bonds | - | 292 | 87 | 379 | |||||||||
State and municipal debt | - | 13 | - | 13 | |||||||||
Hedge funds | - | - | 13 | 13 | |||||||||
Real estate | - | - | 14 | 14 | |||||||||
Total investments | $ | 1,246 | $ | 3,959 | $ | 114 | $ | 5,319 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 30 | $ | 16 | $ | - | $ | 46 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 1,276 | $ | 3,975 | $ | 114 | $ | 5,365 |
(1) | The assets of the non-U.S. plans include assets of the top five countries, which make up 82% of all non-U.S. plan assets at December 31, 2009. |
161
Level 3 Roll Forward
The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances during the period for Level 3 assets are as follows:
In millions of dollars | U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||
Beginning Level 3 | Realized | Unrealized | Purchases, | Transfers in | Ending Level 3 | |||||||||||||
market value at | gains | gains | sales, | and/or out of | market value at | |||||||||||||
Asset categories | Dec. 31, 2008 | (losses) | (losses) | issuances | Level 3 | Dec. 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. equity | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | 1 | ||||||
Non-U.S. equity | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | ||||||||||||
Mutual funds | 2 | - | - | - | (2 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Debt securities | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. corporate bonds | 1 | - | 1 | (1 | ) | - | 1 | |||||||||||
Hedge funds | 1,390 | (2 | ) | 109 | (168 | ) | (94 | ) | 1,235 | |||||||||
Annuity contracts | 277 | 60 | (61 | ) | (61 | ) | - | 215 | ||||||||||
Private equity | 2,877 | (14 | ) | (504 | ) | 180 | - | 2,539 | ||||||||||
Other investments | 170 | 12 | (4 | ) | (30 | ) | - | 148 | ||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 4,717 | $ | 56 | $ | (459 | ) | $ | (78 | ) | $ | (96 | ) | $ | 4,140 |
In millions of dollars | Non-U.S. pension and postretirement benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||
Beginning Level 3 | Realized | Unrealized | Purchases, | Transfers in | Ending Level 3 | |||||||||||||
market value at | gains | gains | sales, | and/or out of | market value at | |||||||||||||
Asset categories | Dec. 31, 2008 | (losses) | (losses) | issuances | Level 3 | Dec. 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Debt securities | ||||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. corporate bonds | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 87 | $ | - | $ | 87 | ||||||
Hedge funds | 14 | - | (1 | ) | - | - | 13 | |||||||||||
Real estate | 13 | - | 1 | - | - | 14 | ||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 27 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 87 | $ | - | $ | 114 |
Investment
Strategy
Citigroup's
global pension and postretirement funds' investment strategies are to invest in
a prudent manner for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to
participants. The investment strategies are targeted to produce a total return
that, when combined with Citigroup's contributions to the funds, will maintain
the funds' ability to meet all required benefit obligations. Risk is controlled
through diversification of asset types and investments in domestic and
international equities, fixed-income securities and cash. The target asset
allocation in most locations outside the U.S. is to have the majority of the
assets in either equity or debt securities. These allocations may vary by
geographic region and country depending on the nature of applicable obligations
and various other regional considerations. The wide variation in the actual
range of plan asset allocations for the funded non-U.S. plans is a result of
differing local statutory requirements and economic conditions. For example, in
certain countries local law requires that all pension plan assets must be
invested in fixed-income investments, government funds, or local-country
securities.
Significant Concentrations of Risk in
Plan Assets
The assets
of Citigroup's pension plans are diversified to limit the impact of any
individual investment. The U.S. pension plan is diversified across multiple
asset classes, with publicly traded fixed income, hedge funds and private equity
representing the most significant asset allocations. Investments in these three
asset classes are further diversified across funds, managers,
strategies, vintages, sectors and geographies, depending on the specific characteristics of each asset class. The pension assets for Citigroup's largest non-U.S. plans are primarily invested in publicly-traded fixed income and publicly-traded equity securities.
Risk management practices
Risk management oversight for Citigroup's U.S.
pension plans and largest non-U.S. pension plans is performed by Citigroup's
Independent Risk Management Regional Units. The risk oversight function covers
market risk, credit risk and operational risk. Although the specific components
of risk oversight are tailored to the requirements of each region and of each
country, the following risk management elements are common to all
regions:
Risk management for the remaining non-U.S. pension assets and liabilities is performed by Citigroup's local country management.
162
Contributions
Citigroup's pension funding policy for U.S.
plans and non-U.S. plans is generally to fund to applicable minimum funding
requirements rather than to the amounts of accumulated benefit obligations. For
the U.S. plans, the Company may increase its contributions above the minimum
required contribution under ERISA, if appropriate to its tax and cash position
and the plans' funded position. For the U.S. pension plans, at December 31,
2009, there were no minimum required cash contributions, and no discretionary or
non-cash contributions are currently planned. For the non-U.S. pension plans,
discretionary cash contributions in 2010 are anticipated to be approximately
$160 million. In addition, the Company expects to contribute $35 million of
benefits to be directly paid by the Company for its unfunded non-U.S. pension
and postretirement plans. For the U.S. postretirement benefit plans, there are
no expected or required contributions for 2010. For the non-U.S. postretirement
benefit plans, expected cash contributions for 2010 are $72 million including $3
million of benefits to be directly paid by the Company. These estimates are
subject to change, since contribution decisions are affected by various factors,
such as market performance and regulatory requirements; in addition, management
has the ability to change funding policy.
Estimated Future Benefit
Payments
The Company
expects to pay the following estimated benefit payments in future years:
U.S. plans | Non-U.S. plans | ||||||||
Pension | Pension | Postretirement | |||||||
In millions of dollars | benefits | benefits | benefits | ||||||
2010 | $ | 727 | $ | 327 | $ | 45 | |||
2011 | 739 | 290 | 47 | ||||||
2012 | 760 | 295 | 50 | ||||||
2013 | 774 | 302 | 54 | ||||||
2014 | 788 | 316 | 57 | ||||||
2015–2019 | 4,113 | 1,815 | 357 |
Prescription Drugs
In December 2003, the Medicare Prescription
Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (the "Act of 2003") was enacted.
The Act of 2003 established a prescription drug benefit under Medicare known as
"Medicare Part D," and a federal subsidy to sponsors of U.S. retiree health-care
benefit plans that provide a benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to
Medicare Part D. The benefits provided to certain participants are at least
actuarially equivalent to Medicare Part D and, accordingly, the Company is
entitled to a subsidy.
The expected subsidy reduced the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation (APBO) by approximately $148 million and $142
million as of January 1, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and the postretirement
expense by approximately $13 million and $17 million for 2009 and 2008,
respectively.
The following table shows the estimated future benefit payments without the effect of the subsidy and the amounts of the expected subsidy in future years:
Expected U.S. | |||||
postretirement benefit payments | |||||
Before Medicare | Medicare | ||||
In millions of dollars | Part D subsidy | Part D subsidy | |||
2010 | $ | 113 | $ | 13 | |
2011 | 113 | 13 | |||
2012 | 111 | 13 | |||
2013 | 109 | 14 | |||
2014 | 106 | 14 | |||
2015–2019 | 479 | 67 |
Citigroup
401(k)
Under the
Citigroup 401(k) plan, a defined-contribution plan, eligible U.S. employees
received matching contributions up to 6% of their compensation in 2009, subject
to statutory limits. Effective January 7, 2010, the maximum amount of matching
contributions paid on employee deferral contributions made into this plan will
be reduced from 6% to 4% of eligible pay for all employees. The matching
contribution is invested according to participants' individual elections.
Additionally, for eligible employees whose compensation is $100,000 or less, a
fixed contribution of up to 2% of compensation is
provided.
The pretax expense associated with this plan
amounted to approximately $442 million and $580 million in 2009 and 2008,
respectively. The decrease in expense from 2008 to 2009 reflects the reduction
in participants due to the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint venture and other
reductions in workforce.
163
10. RESTRUCTURING
In the fourth quarter of 2008, Citigroup
recorded a pretax restructuring expense of $1.581 billion related to the
implementation of a Company-wide re-engineering plan. For the year ended
December 31, 2009, Citigroup recorded a pretax net restructuring release of $110
million composed of a gross charge of $86 million and a credit of $196 million
due to changes in estimates. The charges related to the 2008 Re-engineering
Projects Restructuring Initiative are reported in Restructuring on
the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income and are recorded in each
segment.
In 2007, the Company completed a review of its
structural expense base in a Company-wide effort to create a more streamlined
organization, reduce expense growth, and provide investment funds for future
growth initiatives. As a result of this review, a pretax restructuring charge of
$1.4 billion was recorded in Corporate/Other during the first quarter of 2007. Additional net charges of $151 million were
recognized in subsequent quarters throughout 2007, and net releases of $31
million and $3 million in 2008 and 2009, respectively, due to changes in
estimates. The charges related to
the 2007 Structural
Expense Review Restructuring Initiative are reported in Restructuring on the Company's Consolidated
Statement of Income.
The primary goals of the 2008 Re-engineering
Projects Restructuring Initiative and the 2007 Structural Expense Review
Restructuring Initiative were:
The implementation of these restructuring initiatives also caused certain related premises and equipment assets to become redundant. The remaining depreciable lives of these assets were shortened, and accelerated depreciation charges began in the second quarter of 2007 and fourth quarter of 2008 for the 2007 and 2008 initiatives, respectively, in addition to normal scheduled depreciation.
The following tables detail the Company's restructuring reserves.
2008 Re-engineering Projects Restructuring Charges
Severance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract | Asset | Employee | ||||||||||||||||||||
termination | write- | termination | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | ASC 712 | (1) | ASC 420 | (2) | costs | downs | (3) | cost | Citigroup | (4) | ||||||||||||
Total Citigroup (pretax) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Original restructuring charge | $ | 1, 254 | $ | 79 | $ | 55 | $ | 123 | $ | 19 | $ | 1,530 | ||||||||||
Utilization | $ | (114 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (100 | ) | $ | - | $ | (219 | ) | |||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | $ | 1,140 | $ | 76 | $ | 53 | $ | 23 | $ | 19 | $ | 1,311 | ||||||||||
Additional charge | 24 | 29 | 23 | 10 | - | 86 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | 14 | - | 3 | (11 | ) | (1 | ) | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Utilization | (882 | ) | (102 | ) | (33 | ) | (14 | ) | (6 | ) | (1,037 | ) | ||||||||||
Changes in estimates | (175 | ) | (3 | ) | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | (8 | ) | (196 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | 121 | $ | - | $ | 41 | $ | 3 | $ | 4 | $ | 169 |
(1) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits (formerly SFAS No. 112, Employer's Accounting for Post Employment Benefits (SFAS 112)). | |
(2) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (formerly SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (SFAS 146)). | |
(3) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (formerly SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144)). | |
(4) | Total Citigroup charge in the table above does not include a $51 million one-time pension curtailment charge related to this restructuring initiative, which is recorded as part of the Company's Restructuring charge in the Consolidated Statement of Income at December 31, 2008. |
164
2007 Structural Expense Review Restructuring Charges
Severance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract | Asset | Employee | ||||||||||||||||||||
termination | write- | termination | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | ASC 712 | (1) | ASC 420 | (2) | costs | downs | (3) | cost | Citigroup | |||||||||||||
Total Citigroup (pretax) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Original restructuring charge | $ | 950 | $ | 11 | $ | 25 | $ | 352 | $ | 39 | $ | 1,377 | ||||||||||
Additional charge | $ | 42 | $ | 96 | $ | 29 | $ | 27 | $ | 11 | $ | 205 | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange | 19 | - | 2 | - | - | 21 | ||||||||||||||||
Utilization | (547 | ) | (75 | ) | (28 | ) | (363 | ) | (33 | ) | (1,046 | ) | ||||||||||
Changes in estimates | (39 | ) | - | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (8 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | $ | 425 | $ | 32 | $ | 22 | $ | 15 | $ | 9 | $ | 503 | ||||||||||
Additional charge | $ | 10 | $ | 14 | $ | 43 | $ | 6 | $ | - | $ | 73 | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (11 | ) | - | (4 | ) | - | - | (15 | ) | |||||||||||||
Utilization | (288 | ) | (34 | ) | (22 | ) | (7 | ) | (6 | ) | (357 | ) | ||||||||||
Changes in estimates | (93 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (104 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | $ | 43 | $ | 10 | $ | 37 | $ | 10 | $ | - | $ | 100 | ||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (1 | ) | - | (1 | ) | - | - | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Utilization | (41 | ) | (10 | ) | (35 | ) | (9 | ) | - | (95 | ) | |||||||||||
Changes in estimates | (1 | ) | - | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | - | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - |
(1) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits (formerly SFAS No. 112, Employer's Accounting for Post Employment Benefits (SFAS 112)). | |
(2) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (formerly SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (SFAS 146)). | |
(3) | Accounted for in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (formerly SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144)). |
The total restructuring reserve balance and total charges as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 related to the 2008 Re-engineering Projects Restructuring Initiatives are presented below by business in the following
tables. These charges are reported in Restructuring on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income and are recorded in each business.
2008 Re-engineering Projects
For the year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||
Total | restructuring | |||||||||||
restructuring | charges for | Total | ||||||||||
reserve | the year | restructuring | ||||||||||
balance as of | ended | charges | ||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | since | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2009 | inception | (1)(2) | ||||||||
Citicorp | $ | 75 | $ | 31 | $ | 832 | ||||||
Citi Holdings | 1 | 27 | 252 | |||||||||
Corporate/Other | 93 | 28 | 336 | |||||||||
Total Citigroup (pretax) | $ | 169 | $ | 86 | $ | 1,420 |
(1) | Amounts shown net of $196 million related to changes in estimates recorded during 2009. | |
(2) | Excludes pension curtailment charges of $51 million recorded during the fourth quarter of 2008. |
For the year ended December 31, 2008 | |||||||||
Total restructuring reserve | Total | ||||||||
balance as of | restructuring | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | December 31, 2008 | charges | (1) | ||||||
Citicorp | $ | 789 | $ | 890 | |||||
Citi Holdings | 184 | 267 | |||||||
Corporate/Other | 338 | 373 | |||||||
Total Citigroup (pretax) | $ | 1,311 | $ | 1,530 |
(1) | Represents the total charges incurred since inception and excludes pension curtailment charges of $51 million recorded during 2008. |
165
11. INCOME TAXES
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Current | |||||||||
Federal | $ | (1,711 | ) | $ | (4,582 | ) | $ | (2,260 | ) |
Foreign | 3,101 | 4,762 | 3,566 | ||||||
State | (414 | ) | 29 | 75 | |||||
Total current income taxes | $ | 976 | $ | 209 | $ | 1,381 | |||
Deferred | |||||||||
Federal | $ | (6,892 | ) | $ | (16,583 | ) | $ | (2,109 | ) |
Foreign | (182 | ) | (1,794 | ) | (1,042 | ) | |||
State | (635 | ) | (2,158 | ) | (776 | ) | |||
Total deferred income taxes | $ | (7,709 | ) | $ | (20,535 | ) | $ | (3,927 | ) |
Provision (benefit) for income tax on | |||||||||
continuing operations before | |||||||||
noncontrolling interests (1) | $ | (6,733 | ) | $ | (20,326 | ) | $ | (2,546 | ) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes on | |||||||||
discontinued operations | (106 | ) | (79 | ) | 344 | ||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes on | |||||||||
cumulative effect of accounting changes | - | - | (109 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense (benefit) reported in | |||||||||
stockholders' equity related to: | |||||||||
Foreign currency translation | (415 | ) | (2,116 | ) | 565 | ||||
Securities available-for-sale | 2,765 | (5,468 | ) | (759 | ) | ||||
Employee stock plans | 1,351 | 449 | (410 | ) | |||||
Cash flow hedges | 1,165 | (1,354 | ) | (1,705 | ) | ||||
Pension liability adjustments | (513 | ) | (918 | ) | 426 | ||||
Tax on exchange offer booked to | |||||||||
retained earnings | 3,523 | - | - | ||||||
Income taxes before noncontrolling interests | $ | 1,037 | $ | (29,812 | ) | $ | (4,194 | ) |
(1) | Includes the effect of securities transactions and OTTI losses resulting in a provision (benefit) of $698 million and $(1,017) million in 2009, $238 million and $(959) million in 2008 and $409 million and $0 in 2007, respectively. |
The reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's effective income tax rate applicable to income from continuing operations (before noncontrolling interests and the cumulative effect of accounting changes) for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Federal statutory rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 8.4 | 2.7 | (70.4 | ) | ||||
Foreign income tax rate differential | 26.0 | 1.2 | (217.2 | ) | ||||
Audit settlements (1) | 4.4 | - | - | |||||
Goodwill | 0.5 | (2.2 | ) | 0.6 | ||||
Tax advantaged investments | 11.8 | 1.8 | (100.9 | ) | ||||
Other, net | 0.2 | 0.3 | (41.2 | ) | ||||
Effective income tax rate (2) | 86.3 | % | 38.8 | % | (394.1 | )% |
(1) | For 2009, relates to the conclusion of the audit of various issues in the Company's 2003 – 2005 U.S. federal tax audit and a tax benefit relating to the release of tax reserves on interchange fees. | |
(2) | The Company recorded an income tax benefit for 2007. The effective tax rate (benefit) of (394)% primarily resulted from pretax losses in the Company's ICG and N.A. Regional Consumer Banking businesses (the U.S. is a higher tax rate jurisdiction). In addition, the tax benefits of permanent differences, including the tax benefit for not providing U.S. income taxes on the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely invested, favorably impacted the Company's effective tax rate. |
166
Deferred income taxes at December 31 related to the following:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Deferred tax assets | ||||||
Credit loss deduction | $ | 14,987 | $ | 11,242 | ||
Deferred compensation and employee benefits | 3,626 | 4,367 | ||||
Restructuring and settlement reserves | 794 | 1,134 | ||||
Unremitted foreign earnings | 7,140 | 4,371 | ||||
Investments | - | 5,312 | ||||
Cash flow hedges | 1,906 | 3,071 | ||||
Tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards | 20,787 | 18,424 | ||||
Intangibles | 1,598 | - | ||||
Other deferred tax assets | 1,753 | 4,158 | ||||
Gross deferred tax assets | $ | 52,591 | $ | 52,079 | ||
Valuation allowance | - | - | ||||
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance | $ | 52,591 | $ | 52,079 | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||
Investments | $ | (1,863 | ) | $ | - | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||
and value of insurance in force | (791 | ) | (805 | ) | ||
Fixed assets and leases | (677 | ) | (2,209 | ) | ||
Interest related items | (683 | ) | (543 | ) | ||
Intangibles | - | (2,365 | ) | |||
Credit valuation adjustment on Company-issued debt | (264 | ) | (1,473 | ) | ||
Other deferred tax liabilities | (2,261 | ) | (215 | ) | ||
Gross deferred tax liabilities | $ | (6,539 | ) | $ | (7,610 | ) |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 46,052 | $ | 44,469 |
The following is a roll-forward of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits.
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Total unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, | $ | 3,468 | $ | 3,698 | $ | 3,144 | |||
Net amount of increases for current year's tax positions | 195 | 254 | 1,100 | ||||||
Gross amount of increases for prior years' tax positions | 392 | 252 | 120 | ||||||
Gross amount of decreases for prior years' tax positions | (870 | ) | (581 | ) | (341 | ) | |||
Amounts of decreases relating to settlements | (104 | ) | (21 | ) | (349 | ) | |||
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitation | (12 | ) | (30 | ) | (50 | ) | |||
Foreign exchange, acquisitions and dispositions | 10 | (104 | ) | 74 | |||||
Total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, | $ | 3,079 | $ | 3,468 | $ | 3,698 |
Total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2009, 2008 and
2007 that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate are $2.2 billion,
$2.4 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. The remainder of the
uncertain tax positions have offsetting amounts in other jurisdictions or are
temporary differences.
Interest and penalties (not included in the
"unrecognized tax benefits" above) are a component of the Provision for income taxes .
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Pretax | Net of tax | Pretax | Net of tax | Pretax | Net of tax | |||||||||||
Total interest and penalties in the balance sheet at January 1, | $ | 663 | $ | 420 | $ | 618 | $ | 389 | $ | 532 | $ | 335 | |||||
Total interest and penalties in the statement of operations | (250 | ) | (154 | ) | 114 | 81 | 93 | 58 | |||||||||
Total interest and penalties in the balance sheet at December 31, (1) | 370 | 239 | 663 | 420 | 618 | 389 |
(1) | Includes $9 million for foreign penalties. |
167
The Company is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service and
other major taxing jurisdictions around the world. It is thus reasonably
possible that significant changes in the gross balance of unrecognized tax
benefits may occur within the next 12 months but the Company does not expect
such audits to result in amounts that would cause a significant change to its
effective tax rate, other than the following item. The Company expects to
conclude the IRS audit of its U.S. Federal consolidated income tax returns for
the years 2003-2005 within the next 12 months. The gross uncertain tax positions
at December 31, 2009 for the items expected to be resolved is approximately $66
million plus gross interest of $10 million. The potential tax benefit to
continuing operations could be approximately $72
million.
The following are the major tax jurisdictions
in which the Company and its affiliates operate and the earliest tax year
subject to examination:
Jurisdiction | Tax year |
United States | 2003 |
Mexico | 2008 |
New York State and City | 2005 |
United Kingdom | 2007 |
Japan | 2006 |
Brazil | 2005 |
Singapore | 2003 |
Hong Kong | 2004 |
Ireland | 2005 |
Foreign pretax earnings approximated $6.8 billion in 2009, $10.3 billion
in 2008, and $9.1 billion in 2007 ($0.6 billion loss, $4.4 billion profit, and
$0.8 billion profit of which, respectively, are in discontinued operations). As
a U.S. corporation, Citigroup and its U.S. subsidiaries are subject to U.S.
taxation currently on all foreign pretax earnings earned by a foreign branch.
Pretax earnings of a foreign subsidiary or affiliate are subject to U.S.
taxation when effectively repatriated. The Company provides income taxes on the
undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries except to the extent that such
earnings are indefinitely invested outside the United States. At December 31,
2009, $27.3 billion of accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S.
subsidiaries were indefinitely invested. At the existing U.S. federal income tax
rate, additional taxes (net of U.S. foreign tax credits) of $7.4 billion would
have to be provided if such earnings were remitted currently. The current year's
effect on the income tax expense from continuing operations is included in the
"Foreign income tax rate differential" line in the reconciliation of the federal
statutory rate to the Company's effective income tax
rate.
Income taxes are not provided for on the Company's savings bank base year
bad debt reserves that arose before 1988 because under current U.S. tax rules
such taxes will become payable only to the extent such amounts are distributed
in excess of limits prescribed by federal law. At December 31, 2009, the amount
of the base year reserves totaled approximately $358 million (subject to a tax
of $125 million).
The Company has no valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
In billions of dollars | |||||||
DTA Balance | DTA Balance | ||||||
Jurisdiction/Component | December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | |||||
U.S. Federal | |||||||
Net Operating Loss (NOL) | $ | 5.8 | $ | 4.6 | |||
Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) | 12.0 | 10.5 | |||||
General Business Credit (GBC) | 1.2 | 0.6 | |||||
Future Tax Deductions and Credits | 17.5 | 19.9 | |||||
Other | 0.5 | 0.9 | |||||
Total U.S. Federal | $ | 36.3 | $ | 36.5 | |||
State and Local | |||||||
New York NOLs | $ | 0.9 | $ | 1.2 | |||
Other State NOLs | 0.4 | 0.4 | |||||
Future Tax Deductions | 3.0 | 2.7 | |||||
Total State and Local | $ | 4.3 | $ | 4.3 | |||
Foreign | |||||||
APB 23 Subsidiary NOLs | 0.7 | 0.2 | |||||
Non-APB 23 Subsidiary NOLs | 0.4 | 0.9 | |||||
Future Tax Deductions | 4.4 | 2.6 | |||||
Total Foreign | $ | 5.5 | $ | 3.7 | |||
Total | $ | 46.1 | $ | 44.5 |
The following table summarizes the amounts of tax carryforwards and their expiry dates as of December 31, 2009:
In billions of dollars | |||
Year of Expiration | Amount | ||
U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards | |||
2016 | $ | 0.4 | |
2017 | 5.1 | ||
2018 | 5.3 | ||
2019 | 1.2 | ||
Total U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards | $ | 12.0 | |
U.S. Federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards | |||
2028 | $ | 9.2 | |
2029 | 5.4 | ||
Total U.S. Federal NOL carryforwards (1) | $ | 14.6 | |
New York State NOL carryforwards | |||
2028 | $ | 10.7 | |
2029 | 1.2 | ||
Total New York State NOL carryforwards (1) | $ | 11.9 | |
New York City NOL carryforwards | |||
2028 | $ | 3.7 | |
2029 | 1.2 | ||
Total New York City NOL carryforwards (1) | $ | 4.9 | |
(1) Pretax. |
168
With respect to the New York NOLs, the Company has recorded a net
deferred tax asset of $0.9 billion, along with less significant net operating
losses in various other states for which the Company has recorded a deferred tax
asset of $0.4 billion and which expire between 2012 and 2029. In addition, the
Company has recorded deferred tax assets in foreign subsidiaries, for which an
assertion has been made that the earnings have been indefinitely reinvested, for
net operating loss carryforwards of $607 million (which expire 2012 - 2019) and
$69 million (with no expiration).
Although realization is not assured, the
Company believes that the realization of the recognized net deferred tax asset
of $46.1 billion is more likely than not based on expectations as to future
taxable income in the jurisdictions in which the DTAs arise and available tax
planning strategies, as defined in ASC 740, Income Taxes ,
(formerly SFAS 109) that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a
carryforward from expiring. Included in the net U.S. Federal DTA of $36.3
billion are $5 billion in DTLs that will reverse in the relevant carryforward
period and may be used to support the DTA , and $0.5 billion in compensation
deductions, which reduced additional paid-in capital in January, 2010 and for
which no adjustment was permitted to such DTA at December 31, 2009 because the
related stock compensation was not yet deductible to the Company. In general,
the Company would need to generate approximately $86 billion of taxable income
during the respective carryforward periods to fully realize its U.S. Federal,
state and local DTAs.
As a result of the recent losses incurred, the
Company is in a three-year cumulative pretax loss position at December 31, 2009.
A cumulative loss position is considered significant negative evidence in
assessing the realizability of a DTA. The Company has concluded that there is
sufficient positive evidence to overcome this negative evidence. The positive
evidence includes two means by which the Company is able to fully realize its
DTA. First, the Company forecasts sufficient taxable income in the carryforward
period, exclusive of tax planning strategies, even under stressed scenarios.
Secondly, the Company has sufficient tax planning strategies, including
potential sales of businesses and assets, in which it could realize the excess
of appreciated value
over the tax basis of its assets, in an amount sufficient to fully realize its
DTA. The amount of the DTA considered realizable, however, could be
significantly reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income
during the carryforward period are significantly lower than forecasted due to
deterioration in market
conditions.
Based upon the foregoing discussion, as well
as tax planning opportunities and other factors discussed below, the U.S.
Federal and New York State and City net operating loss carryforward period of 20
years provides enough time to utilize the DTAs pertaining to the existing net
operating loss carryforwards and any NOL that would be created by the reversal
of the future net deductions which have not yet been taken on a tax
return.
The U.S. foreign tax credit carryforward
period is 10 years. In addition, utilization of foreign tax credits in any year
is restricted to 35% of foreign source taxable income in that year. Further,
overall domestic losses that the Company has incurred of approximately $45
billion are allowed to be reclassified as foreign source income to the extent of
50% of domestic source income produced in subsequent years and such resulting
foreign source income is in fact sufficient to cover the foreign tax credits
being carried forward. As such, the foreign source taxable income limitation
will not be an impediment to the foreign tax credit carryforward usage as long
as the Company can generate sufficient domestic taxable income within the
10-year carryforward period.
Regarding the estimate of future taxable
income, the Company has projected its pretax earnings, predominantly based upon
the "core" businesses that the Company intends to conduct going forward. These
"core" businesses have produced steady and strong earnings in the past. During
2008 and 2009, the "core" businesses were negatively affected by the large
increase in consumer credit losses during this sharp economic downturn cycle.
The Company has already taken steps to reduce its cost structure. Taking these
items into account, the Company is projecting that it will generate sufficient
pretax earnings within the 10-year carryforward period alluded to above to be
able to fully utilize the foreign tax credit carryforward, in addition to any
foreign tax credits produced in such period.
169
The Company has also examined tax planning strategies available to it
which would be employed, if necessary, to prevent a carryforward from expiring.
These strategies include repatriating low taxed foreign earnings for which an
assertion that the earnings have been indefinitely reinvested has not been made,
accelerating taxable income into or deferring deductions out of the latter years
of the carryforward period with reversals to occur after the carryforward period
(for example, selling appreciated intangible assets and electing straight-line
depreciation), holding onto available-for-sale debt securities with losses until
they mature and selling certain assets which produce tax exempt income, while
purchasing assets which produce fully taxable income. In addition, the sale or
restructuring of certain businesses, can produce significant taxable income
within the relevant carryforward
periods.
The Company's ability to utilize its deferred
tax assets to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited if the
Company experiences an "ownership change," as defined in Section 382 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In general, an ownership
change will occur if there is a cumulative change in Citi's ownership by "5%
shareholders" (as defined in the Code) that exceeds 50 percentage points over a
rolling three-year period. The common stock issued pursuant to the exchange
offers in July, 2009 and the common stock and tangible equity units issued in
December, 2009 as part of Citigroup's TARP repayment did not result in an
ownership change under the Code. However, these common stock issuances have
materially increased the risk that Citigroup will experience an ownership change
in the future. On June 9, 2009, the board of directors of Citigroup adopted a
tax benefits preservation plan (the "Plan"). This Plan is subject to the
shareholders' approval at the 2010 Annual Meeting. The purpose of the Plan is to
minimize the likelihood of an ownership change occurring for Section 382
purposes. Despite adoption of the Plan, future transactions in our stock that
may not be in our control may cause Citi to experience an ownership change and
thus limit the Company's ability to utilize its deferred tax asset and reduce
its stockholders' equity.
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12. EARNINGS PER
SHARE
The following is
a reconciliation of the income and share data used in the basic and diluted
earnings-per-share computations for the years ended December 31:
In millions, except per-share amounts | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | 2007 | (1) | |||||||
Income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ | (1,066 | ) | $ | (32,029 | ) | $ | 3,192 | ||||
Noncontrolling interests | 95 | (343 | ) | 283 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) from continuing operations (for EPS purposes) | $ | (1,161 | ) | $ | (31,686 | ) | $ | 2,909 | ||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (445 | ) | 4,002 | 708 | ||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | 3,617 | ||||
Impact of the public and private preferred stock exchange offers | (3,242 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Preferred dividends | (2,988 | ) | (1,695 | ) | (36 | ) | ||||||
Impact of the conversion price reset related to the $12.5 billion convertible preferred stock private issuance | (1,285 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Preferred stock Series H discount accretion | (123 | ) | (37 | ) | - | |||||||
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (9,244 | ) | $ | (29,416 | ) | $ | 3,581 | ||||
Dividends allocated to participating securities, net of forfeitures | (2 | ) | (221 | ) | (261 | ) | ||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders for basic EPS (2) | $ | (9,246 | ) | $ | (29,637 | ) | $ | 3,320 | ||||
Effect of dilutive securities | 540 | 877 | - | |||||||||
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders for diluted EPS (2) | $ | (8,706 | ) | $ | (28,760 | ) | $ | 3,320 | ||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding applicable to basic EPS | 11,568.3 | 5,265.4 | 4,905.8 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities | ||||||||||||
Convertible securities | 312.2 | 503.2 | - | |||||||||
Options | 0.2 | 0.3 | 18.2 | |||||||||
TDECs | 218.3 | - | - | |||||||||
Adjusted weighted-average common shares outstanding applicable to diluted EPS (3) | 12,099.0 | 5,768.9 | 4,924.0 | |||||||||
Basic earnings per share (3) | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | ||||
Discontinued operations | (0.04 | ) | 0.76 | 0.15 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.80 | ) | $ | (5.63 | ) | $ | 0.68 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share (3) | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (6.39 | ) | $ | 0.53 | ||||
Discontinued operations | (0.04 | ) | 0.76 | 0.14 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.80 | ) | $ | (5.63 | ) | $ | 0.67 |
(1) | The Company adopted ASC 260-10-45 to 65 (FSP EITF 03-6-1) on January 1, 2009. All prior periods have been restated to conform to the current period's presentation. | |
(2) | Due to the net loss available to common shareholders in 2009 and 2008, loss available to common stockholders for basic EPS was used to calculate diluted EPS. Adding back the effect of dilutive securities would result in anti-dilution. | |
(3) | Due to the net loss available to common shareholders in 2009 and 2008, basic shares were used to calculate diluted EPS. Adding dilutive securities to the denominator would result in anti-dilution. |
During 2009, 2008 and 2007, weighted-average options to purchase 157.9 million, 156.1 million and 76.3 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of earnings per common share, because the weighted-average exercise prices of $28.12, $41.19 and $50.40, respectively, were greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock. Additionally, warrants to purchase 210,084,034 shares of common stock issued to the U.S. Treasury as part of TARP on November 28, 2008, the warrants to purchase 188,501,414 shares of common stock issued to the U.S. Treasury as part of TARP on December 31, 2008, and the warrants to purchase 66,531,728 shares of common stock
issued to the U.S. Treasury as consideration for the loss-sharing agreement on January 15, 2009 were not included in the computation of earnings per common share, because the warrants' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock. In addition, equity awards granted under the Management Committee Long-Term Incentive Plan (MC LTIP) of approximately 3 million, 8 million and 16 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were not included in the computation of earnings per common share because the performance targets under the terms of the awards were not met.
171
13. FEDERAL FUNDS/SECURITIES
BORROWED,
LOANED, AND SUBJECT TO REPURCHASE
AGREEMENTS
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements
to resell, at their respective fair values, consisted of the following:
In millions of dollars at December 31, | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Federal funds sold | $ | 4 | $ | - | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 105,165 | 78,701 | |||
Deposits paid for securities borrowed | 116,853 | 105,432 | |||
Total | $ | 222,022 | $ | 184,133 |
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, at their respective fair values, consisted of the following:
In millions of dollars at December 31, | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Federal funds purchased | $ | 2,877 | $ | 5,755 | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 125,561 | 177,585 | |||
Deposits received for securities loaned | 25,843 | 21,953 | |||
Total | $ | 154,281 | $ | 205,293 |
The resale and
repurchase agreements represent collateralized financing transactions used to
generate net interest income and facilitate trading activity. These instruments
are collateralized principally by government and government-agency securities
and generally have terms ranging from overnight to up to a
year.
It is the Company's policy to take possession of the underlying
collateral, monitor its market value relative to the amounts due under the
agreements and, when necessary, require prompt transfer of additional collateral
or reduction in the balance in order to maintain contractual margin protection.
In the event of counterparty default, the financing agreement provides the
Company with the right to liquidate the collateral
held.
The majority of the resale and repurchase agreements are recorded at fair
value. The remaining portion is carried at the amount of cash initially advanced
or received, plus accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements.
Resale agreements and repurchase agreements are reported net by counterparty,
when applicable. Excluding the impact of the allowable netting, resale
agreements totaled $166.0 billion and $114.0 billion at December 31, 2009 and
2008, respectively.
A majority of the deposits paid for securities borrowed and deposits received for securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received and are collateralized principally by government and government-agency securities and corporate debt and equity securities. The remaining portion is recorded at fair value as the Company elected fair value options for certain securities borrowed and loaned portfolios. With respect to securities loaned, the Company receives cash collateral in an amount generally in excess of the market value of securities loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and securities loaned daily, and additional collateral is obtained as necessary. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are reported net by counterparty, when applicable.
172
14. BROKERAGE RECEIVABLES AND BROKERAGE
PAYABLES
The Company
has receivables and payables for financial instruments purchased from and sold
to brokers, dealers and customers. The Company is exposed to risk of loss from
the inability of brokers, dealers or customers to pay for purchases or to
deliver the financial instruments sold, in which case the Company would have to
sell or purchase the financial instruments at prevailing market prices. Credit
risk is reduced to the extent that an exchange or clearing organization acts as
a counterparty to the transaction.
The Company seeks to protect itself from the
risks associated with customer activities by requiring customers to maintain
margin collateral in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines. Margin
levels are monitored daily, and customers deposit additional collateral as
required. Where customers cannot meet collateral requirements, the Company will
liquidate sufficient underlying financial instruments to bring the customer into
compliance with the required margin
level.
Exposure to credit risk is impacted by market volatility, which may
impair the ability of clients to satisfy their obligations to the Company.
Credit limits are established and closely monitored for customers and brokers
and dealers engaged in forwards, futures and other transactions deemed to be
credit sensitive.
Brokerage receivables and brokerage payables,
which arise in the normal course of business, consisted of the following at
December 31:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Receivables from customers | $ | 24,721 | $ | 26,297 | |
Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 8,913 | 17,981 | |||
Total brokerage receivables | $ | 33,634 | $ | 44,278 | |
Payables to customers | $ | 41,262 | $ | 54,167 | |
Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 19,584 | 16,749 | |||
Total brokerage payables | $ | 60,846 | $ | 70,916 |
15. TRADING ACCOUNT ASSETS AND
LIABILITIES
Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities , at fair value, consisted of the following at
December 31:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Trading account assets | |||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||
U.S. government sponsored agency guaranteed | $ | 20,638 | $ | 32,981 | |
Prime | 1,156 | 1,416 | |||
Alt-A | 1,229 | 913 | |||
Subprime | 9,734 | 14,552 | |||
Non-U.S. residential | 2,368 | 2,447 | |||
Commercial | 3,455 | 2,501 | |||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 38,580 | $ | 54,810 | |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | |||||
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 28,938 | $ | 7,370 | |
Agency and direct obligations | 2,041 | 4,017 | |||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | $ | 30,979 | $ | 11,387 | |
State and municipal securities | $ | 7,147 | $ | 9,510 | |
Foreign government securities | 72,769 | 57,422 | |||
Corporate | 51,985 | 54,654 | |||
Derivatives (1) | 58,879 | 115,289 | |||
Equity securities | 46,221 | 48,503 | |||
Other debt securities | 36,213 | 26,060 | |||
Total trading account assets | $ | 342,773 | $ | 377,635 | |
Trading account liabilities | |||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | $ | 73,406 | $ | 50,693 | |
Derivatives (1) | 64,106 | 115,107 | |||
Total trading account liabilities | $ | 137,512 | $ | 165,800 |
(1) | Presented net, pursuant to master netting agreements. See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion regarding the accounting and reporting for derivatives. |
173
16. INVESTMENTS
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Securities available-for-sale | $ | 239,599 | $ | 175,189 | |
Debt securities held-to-maturity (1) | 51,527 | 64,459 | |||
Non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value (2) | 6,830 | 9,262 | |||
Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost (3) | 8,163 | 7,110 | |||
Total investments | $ | 306,119 | $ | 256,020 |
(1) | Recorded at amortized cost. | |
(2) | Unrealized gains and losses for non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value are recognized in earnings. | |
(3) | Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost primarily consist of shares issued by the Federal Reserve Bank, Federal Home Loan Bank, foreign central banks and various clearing houses of which Citigroup is a member. |
Securities
Available-for-Sale
The
amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale at December 31,
2009 and December 31, 2008 were as follows:
2009 | 2008 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross | Gross | Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized | unrealized | unrealized | Amortized | unrealized | unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | cost | gains | losses | Fair value | cost | gains | losses | Fair value | ||||||||||||||||
Debt securities available-for-sale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-agency guaranteed | $ | 20,625 | $ | 339 | $ | 50 | $ | 20,914 | $ | 23,527 | $ | 261 | $ | 67 | $ | 23,721 | ||||||||
Prime | 7,291 | 119 | 932 | 6,478 | 8,475 | 3 | 2,965 | 5,513 | ||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 538 | 93 | 4 | 627 | 54 | - | 9 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||
Subprime | 1 | - | - | 1 | 38 | - | 21 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 258 | - | 3 | 255 | 185 | 2 | - | 187 | ||||||||||||||||
Commercial | 883 | 10 | 100 | 793 | 519 | - | 134 | 385 | ||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 29,596 | $ | 561 | $ | 1,089 | $ | 29,068 | $ | 32,798 | $ | 266 | $ | 3,196 | $ | 29,868 | ||||||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | 26,857 | 36 | 331 | 26,562 | 3,465 | 125 | - | 3,590 | ||||||||||||||||
Agency obligations | 27,714 | 46 | 208 | 27,552 | 20,237 | 215 | 77 | 20,375 | ||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
securities | $ | 54,571 | $ | 82 | $ | 539 | $ | 54,114 | $ | 23,702 | $ | 340 | $ | 77 | $ | 23,965 | ||||||||
State and municipal | 16,677 | 147 | 1,214 | 15,610 | 18,156 | 38 | 4,370 | 13,824 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign government | 101,987 | 860 | 328 | 102,519 | 79,505 | 945 | 408 | 80,042 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate | 20,024 | 435 | 146 | 20,313 | 10,646 | 65 | 680 | 10,031 | ||||||||||||||||
Other debt securities | 12,268 | 71 | 170 | 12,169 | 11,784 | 36 | 224 | 11,596 | ||||||||||||||||
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 235,123 | $ | 2,156 | $ | 3,486 | $ | 233,793 | $ | 176,591 | $ | 1,690 | $ | 8,955 | $ | 169,326 | ||||||||
Marketable equity securities available-for-sale | $ | 4,089 | $ | 1,929 | $ | 212 | $ | 5,806 | $ | 5,768 | $ | 554 | $ | 459 | $ | 5,863 | ||||||||
Total securities available-for-sale | $ | 239,212 | $ | 4,085 | $ | 3,698 | $ | 239,599 | $ | 182,359 | $ | 2,244 | $ | 9,414 | $ | 175,189 |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. |
At December 31, 2009, the cost of approximately 5,000 investments in equity and fixed-income securities exceeded their fair value by $3.698 billion. Of the $3.698 billion, the gross unrealized loss on equity securities was $212 million. Of the remainder, $1.756 billion represents fixed-income investments that have been in a gross-unrealized-loss position for less than a year and, of these, 44% are rated investment grade; $1.730 billion represents fixed-income investments that have been in a gross-unrealized-loss position for a year or more and, of these, 96% are rated investment grade.
Available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities-portfolio fair value balance of $29.068 billion consists of $20.914 billion of government-sponsored agency securities, and $8.154 billion of privately sponsored securities of which the majority is backed by mortgages that are not Alt-A or subprime.
The decrease in gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities was primarily related to a tightening of market spreads, reflecting a decrease in risk/liquidity premiums. The decrease in gross unrealized losses on state and municipal debt securities was the result of recovery in the municipal markets, as liquidity increased and municipal bond yields decreased.
As discussed in more detail below, the Company conducts and documents periodic reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the impairment is other than temporary. Any credit-related impairment related to debt securities the Company does not plan to sell and is not likely to be required to sell is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of
174
Income, with the non-credit-related impairment recognized in OCI. For other impaired debt securities, the entire impairment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The table below shows the fair value of investments in available-for-sale securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | |||||||||||||||
Gross | Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
Fair | unrealized | Fair | unrealized | Fair | unrealized | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | value | losses | value | losses | value | losses | |||||||||||
December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Securities available-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-agency guaranteed | $ | 6,793 | $ | 47 | $ | 263 | $ | 3 | $ | 7,056 | $ | 50 | |||||
Prime | 5,074 | 905 | 228 | 27 | 5,302 | 932 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | 106 | - | 35 | 4 | 141 | 4 | |||||||||||
Subprime | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 250 | 3 | - | - | 250 | 3 | |||||||||||
Commercial | 93 | 2 | 259 | 98 | 352 | 100 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 12,316 | $ | 957 | $ | 785 | $ | 132 | $ | 13,101 | $ | 1,089 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | 4,653 | 224 | 19,033 | 107 | 23,686 | 331 | |||||||||||
Agency obligations | 17,957 | 208 | 7 | - | 17,964 | 208 | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | $ | 22,610 | $ | 432 | $ | 19,040 | $ | 107 | $ | 41,650 | $ | 539 | |||||
State and municipal | 754 | 97 | 10,630 | 1,117 | 11,384 | 1,214 | |||||||||||
Foreign government | 39,241 | 217 | 10,398 | 111 | 49,639 | 328 | |||||||||||
Corporate | 1,165 | 47 | 907 | 99 | 2,072 | 146 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | 655 | 6 | 1,633 | 164 | 2,288 | 170 | |||||||||||
Marketable equity securities available-for-sale | 102 | 4 | 2,526 | 208 | 2,628 | 212 | |||||||||||
Total securities available-for-sale | $ | 76,843 | $ | 1,760 | $ | 45,919 | $ | 1,938 | $ | 122,762 | $ | 3,698 | |||||
December 31, 2008 (1) | |||||||||||||||||
Securities available-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-agency guaranteed | $ | 5,281 | $ | 9 | $ | 432 | $ | 58 | $ | 5,713 | $ | 67 | |||||
Prime | 2,258 | 1,127 | 3,108 | 1,838 | 5,366 | 2,965 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | 38 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 43 | 9 | |||||||||||
Subprime | - | - | 15 | 21 | 15 | 21 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 10 | - | - | - | 10 | - | |||||||||||
Commercial | 213 | 33 | 233 | 101 | 446 | 134 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 7,800 | $ | 1,177 | $ | 3,793 | $ | 2,019 | $ | 11,593 | $ | 3,196 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Agency obligations | 1,654 | 76 | 1 | 1 | 1,655 | 77 | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | $ | 1,654 | $ | 76 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 1,655 | $ | 77 | |||||
State and municipal | 12,827 | 3,872 | 3,762 | 498 | 16,589 | 4,370 | |||||||||||
Foreign government | 10,697 | 201 | 9,080 | 207 | 19,777 | 408 | |||||||||||
Corporate | 1,985 | 270 | 4,393 | 410 | 6,378 | 680 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | 944 | 96 | 303 | 128 | 1,247 | 224 | |||||||||||
Marketable equity securities available-for-sale | 3,254 | 386 | 102 | 73 | 3,356 | 459 | |||||||||||
Total securities available-for-sale | $ | 39,161 | $ | 6,078 | $ | 21,434 | $ | 3,336 | $ | 60,595 | $ | 9,414 | |||||
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. |
175
The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity dates as of December 31, 2009:
Amortized | |||||
In millions of dollars | cost | Fair value | |||
Mortgage-backed securities (1) | |||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 2 | $ | 3 | |
After 1 but within 5 years | 16 | 16 | |||
After 5 but within 10 years | 626 | 597 | |||
After 10 years (2) | 28,952 | 28,452 | |||
Total | $ | 29,596 | $ | 29,068 | |
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies | |||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 5,357 | $ | 5,366 | |
After 1 but within 5 years | 35,912 | 35,618 | |||
After 5 but within 10 years | 8,815 | 8,773 | |||
After 10 years (2) | 4,487 | 4,357 | |||
Total | $ | 54,571 | $ | 54,114 | |
State and municipal | |||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 7 | $ | 8 | |
After 1 but within 5 years | 119 | 129 | |||
After 5 but within 10 years | 340 | 359 | |||
After 10 years (2) | 16,211 | 15,114 | |||
Total | $ | 16,677 | $ | 15,610 | |
Foreign government | |||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 32,223 | $ | 32,365 | |
After 1 but within 5 years | 61,165 | 61,426 | |||
After 5 but within 10 years | 7,844 | 7,845 | |||
After 10 years (2) | 755 | 883 | |||
Total | $ | 101,987 | $ | 102,519 | |
All other (3) | |||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 4,243 | $ | 4,244 | |
After 1 but within 5 years | 14,286 | 14,494 | |||
After 5 but within 10 years | 9,483 | 9,597 | |||
After 10 years (2) | 4,280 | 4,147 | |||
Total | $ | 32,292 | $ | 32,482 | |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 235,123 | $ | 233,793 | |
(1) | Includes mortgage-backed securities of U.S. federal agencies. |
(2) | Investments with no stated maturities are included as contractual maturities of greater than 10 years. Actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights. |
(3) | Includes corporate securities and other debt securities. |
The following table presents interest and dividends on investments:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Taxable interest | $ | 11,970 | $ | 9,407 | $ | 12,169 | ||
Interest exempt from U.S. federal income tax | 864 | 836 | 897 | |||||
Dividends | 285 | 475 | 357 | |||||
Total interest and dividends | $ | 13,119 | $ | 10,718 | $ | 13,423 | ||
The following table presents realized gains and losses on investments:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Gross realized investment gains | $ | 2,090 | $ | 837 | $ | 1,435 | |||
Gross realized investment losses | (94 | ) | (158 | ) | (267 | ) | |||
Net realized gains (losses) | $ | 1,996 | $ | 679 | $ | 1,168 | |||
Debt Securities
Held-to-Maturity
During
the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company reviewed portfolios of debt securities
classified in Trading account assets and available-for-sale securities, and
identified positions where there had been a change of intent to hold the debt
securities for much longer periods of time than originally anticipated. The
Company believed that the expected cash flows to be generated from holding the
assets significantly exceed their current fair value, which had been
significantly and adversely impacted by the reduced liquidity in the global
financial markets.
Transfers of securities out of the trading
category must be rare. Citigroup made a number of transfers out of the trading
and available-for-sale categories in order to better reflect the revised
intentions of the Company in response to the recent significant deterioration in
market conditions, which were especially acute during the fourth quarter of
2008. These rare market conditions were not foreseen at the initial purchase
date of the securities. Most of the debt securities previously classified as
trading were bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the
short term, many in the context of Citigroup's acting as a market maker. At the
date of acquisition, most of these positions were liquid, and the Company
expected active and frequent buying and selling with the objective of generating
profits on short-term differences in price. However, subsequent declines in
value of these securities were primarily related to the ongoing widening of
market credit spreads reflecting increased risk and liquidity premiums that
buyers were demanding. As market liquidity decreased, the primary buyers for
these securities typically demanded returns on investments that were
significantly higher than previously
experienced.
Reclassification of debt securities were made
at fair value on the date of transfer. The December 31, 2008 carrying value of
the securities transferred from Trading account assets and available-for-sale securities was $33.3 billion and $27.0 billion,
respectively. The Company purchased an additional $4.2 billion of
held-to-maturity securities during the fourth quarter of 2008, in accordance
with prior commitments.
176
Debt
Securities Held-to-Maturity
The carrying value and fair value of
securities held-to-maturity (HTM) at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008
were as follows:
Net unrealized | |||||||||||||||||
loss | Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
Amortized | recognized | Carrying | unrecognized | unrecognized | Fair | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | cost | (1) | in AOCI | value | (2) | gains | losses | value | |||||||||
December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Debt securities held-to-maturity | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-agency guaranteed | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
Prime | 6,118 | 1,151 | 4,967 | 317 | 5 | 5,279 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | 14,710 | 4,276 | 10,434 | 905 | 243 | 11,096 | |||||||||||
Subprime | 1,087 | 128 | 959 | 77 | 100 | 936 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 9,002 | 1,119 | 7,883 | 469 | 134 | 8,218 | |||||||||||
Commercial | 1,303 | 45 | 1,258 | 1 | 208 | 1,051 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 32,220 | $ | 6,719 | $ | 25,501 | $ | 1,769 | $ | 690 | $ | 26,580 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Agency and direct obligations | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
State and municipal | 3,067 | 147 | 2,920 | 92 | 113 | 2,899 | |||||||||||
Corporate | 7,457 | 264 | 7,193 | 524 | 182 | 7,535 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 16,348 | 435 | 15,913 | 567 | 496 | 15,984 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 59,092 | $ | 7,565 | $ | 51,527 | $ | 2,952 | $ | 1,481 | $ | 52,998 | |||||
December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||
Debt securities held-to-maturity | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-agency guaranteed | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
Prime | 7,481 | 1,436 | 6,045 | - | 623 | 5,422 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | 16,658 | 4,216 | 12,442 | 23 | 1,802 | 10,663 | |||||||||||
Subprime | 1,368 | 125 | 1,243 | 15 | 163 | 1,095 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 10,496 | 1,128 | 9,368 | 5 | 397 | 8,976 | |||||||||||
Commercial | 1,021 | - | 1,021 | - | 130 | 891 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 37,024 | $ | 6,905 | $ | 30,119 | $ | 43 | $ | 3,115 | $ | 27,047 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |||||||||||
Agency and direct obligations | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1 | |||||
State and municipal | 3,371 | 183 | 3,188 | 14 | 253 | 2,949 | |||||||||||
Corporate | 6,906 | 175 | 6,731 | 130 | 305 | 6,556 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 22,698 | 415 | 22,283 | 86 | 555 | 21,814 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | 2,478 | 341 | 2,137 | - | 127 | 2,010 | |||||||||||
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 72,478 | $ | 8,019 | $ | 64,459 | $ | 273 | $ | 4,355 | $ | 60,377 | |||||
(1) | For securities transferred to HTM from Trading account assets , amortized cost is defined as the fair value amount of the securities at the date of transfer plus any accretion income and less any impairments recognized in earnings subsequent to transfer. For securities transferred to HTM from AFS, amortized cost is defined as the original purchase cost, plus or minus any accretion or amortization of interest, less any impairment previously recognized in earnings. |
(2) | HTM securities are carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at amortized cost and the changes in the value of these securities, other than impairment charges, are not reported on the financial statements. |
The net unrealized losses classified in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) relate to debt securities reclassified from AFS investments to HTM investments, and to additional declines in fair value for HTM securities that suffer credit impairment. The balance was $7.6 billion as of December 31, 2009, compared to $8.0 billion as of December 31, 2008. This balance is amortized over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment
of yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same transferred debt securities. This will have no impact on the Company's net income because the amortization of the unrealized holding loss reported in equity will offset the effect on interest income of the accretion of the discount on these securities.
177
The table below shows the fair value of investments in HTM that have been in an unrecognized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | |||||||||||||||
Gross | Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
Fair | unrecognized | Fair | unrecognized | Fair | unrecognized | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | value | losses | value | losses | value | losses | |||||||||||
December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Debt securities held-to-maturity | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 16,923 | $ | 690 | $ | 16,923 | $ | 690 | |||||
State and municipal | 755 | 79 | 713 | 34 | 1,468 | 113 | |||||||||||
Corporate | - | - | 1,519 | 182 | 1,519 | 182 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 348 | 18 | 5,460 | 478 | 5,808 | 496 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 1,103 | $ | 97 | $ | 24,615 | $ | 1,384 | $ | 25,718 | $ | 1,481 | |||||
December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||
Debt securities held-to-maturity | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2,348 | $ | 631 | $ | 24,236 | $ | 2,484 | $ | 26,584 | $ | 3,115 | |||||
State and municipal | 2,499 | 253 | - | - | 2,499 | 253 | |||||||||||
Corporate | 23 | - | 4,107 | 305 | 4,130 | 305 | |||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 9,051 | 381 | 4,164 | 174 | 13,215 | 555 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | 439 | - | 5,246 | 127 | 5,685 | 127 | |||||||||||
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 14,360 | $ | 1,265 | $ | 37,753 | $ | 3,090 | $ | 52,113 | $ | 4,355 | |||||
Excluded from the gross unrecognized losses presented in the above table are the $7.6 billion and $8.0 billion of gross unrealized losses recorded in AOCI related to the HTM securities that were reclassified from AFS investments as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
Approximately $6.8 billion and $5.2 billion of these unrealized losses relate to securities that have been in a loss position for 12 months or longer at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of HTM debt securities by contractual maturity dates as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Carrying value | Fair value | Carrying value | Fair value | |||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 88 | $ | 65 | |||
After 1 but within 5 years | 466 | 385 | 363 | 282 | |||||||
After 5 but within 10 years | 697 | 605 | 513 | 413 | |||||||
After 10 years (1) | 24,337 | 25,589 | 29,155 | 26,287 | |||||||
Total | $ | 25,501 | $ | 26,580 | $ | 30,119 | $ | 27,047 | |||
State and municipal | |||||||||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 6 | $ | 6 | $ | 86 | $ | 86 | |||
After 1 but within 5 years | 53 | 79 | 105 | 105 | |||||||
After 5 but within 10 years | 99 | 99 | 112 | 106 | |||||||
After 10 years (1) | 2,762 | 2,715 | 2,885 | 2,652 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,920 | $ | 2,899 | $ | 3,188 | $ | 2,949 | |||
All other (2) | |||||||||||
Due within 1 year | $ | 4,652 | $ | 4,875 | $ | 4,482 | $ | 4,505 | |||
After 1 but within 5 years | 3,795 | 3,858 | 10,892 | 10,692 | |||||||
After 5 but within 10 years | 6,240 | 6,526 | 6,358 | 6,241 | |||||||
After 10 years (1) | 8,419 | 8,260 | 9,420 | 8,943 | |||||||
Total | $ | 23,106 | $ | 23,519 | $ | 31,152 | $ | 30,381 | |||
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 51,527 | $ | 52,998 | $ | 64,459 | $ | 60,377 | |||
(1) | Investments with no stated maturities are included as contractual maturities of greater than 10 years. Actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights. |
(2) | Includes asset-backed securities and all other debt securities. |
178
Evaluating
Investments for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The Company conducts and documents periodic
reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the
impairment is other than temporary. Prior to January 1, 2009, these reviews were
conducted pursuant to FASB Staff Position No. FAS 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to
Certain Investments (now
incorporated into ASC 320-10-35, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities-Subsequent
Measurement ). Any
unrealized loss identified as other than temporary was recorded directly in the
Consolidated Statement of Income. As of January 1, 2009, the Company adopted FSP
FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 (now incorporated into ASC 320-10-35-34, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities: Recognition of an
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment ). This guidance amends the impairment model for debt securities; the
impairment model for equity securities was not
affected.
Under the new guidance for debt securities,
other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings for debt securities
which the Company has an intent to sell or which the Company believes it is
more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the
amortized cost basis. For those securities which the Company does not intend to
sell or expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized
in earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in
AOCI.
An unrealized loss exists when the current
fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis.
Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded,
net of tax, in AOCI for AFS securities, while such losses related to HTM
securities are not recorded, as these investments are carried at their amortized
cost. For securities transferred to HTM from Trading account assets , amortized cost is defined as the fair value of the securities at the
date of transfer, plus any accretion income and less any impairment recognized
in earnings subsequent to transfer. For securities transferred to HTM from AFS,
amortized cost is defined as the original purchase cost, plus or minus any
accretion or amortization of a purchase discount or premium, less any impairment
recognized in earnings subsequent to
transfer.
Regardless of the classification of the
securities as AFS or HTM, the Company has assessed each position for
impairment.
Factors considered in determining
whether a loss is temporary include:
The Company's review for impairment generally entails:
identification and evaluation of investments that have indications of possible impairment; analysis of individual investments that have fair values less than amortized cost, including consideration of the length of time the investment has been in an unrealized loss position and the expected recovery period; discussion of evidential matter, including an evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual investments to qualify as having other-than-temporary impairment and those that would not support other-than-temporary impairment; and documentation of the results of these analyses, as required under business policies. For equity securities, management
considers the various factors described above, including its intent and ability
to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for recovery to
amortized cost. Where management lacks that intent or ability, the security's
decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary and is recorded in
earnings. AFS equity securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired are
written down to fair value, with the full difference between fair value and
amortized cost recognized in
earnings.
For debt securities that are not deemed to be
credit impaired, management assesses whether it intends to sell or whether it is
more-likely-than-not that it would be required to sell the investment before the
expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. In most cases, management has
asserted that it has no intent to sell and that it believes it is not likely to
be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis.
Where such an assertion has not been made, the security's decline in fair value
is deemed to be other than temporary and is recorded in
earnings.
For debt securities, a critical component of
the evaluation for other-than-temporary impairments is the identification of
credit impaired securities, where management does not expect to receive cash
flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. For
securities purchased and classified as AFS with the expectation of receiving
full principal and interest cash flows, this analysis considers the likelihood
of receiving all contractual principal and interest. For securities reclassified
out of the trading category in the fourth quarter of 2008, the analysis
considers the likelihood of receiving the expected principal and interest cash
flows anticipated as of the date of reclassification in the fourth quarter of
2008. The extent of the Company's analysis regarding credit quality and the
stress on assumptions used in the analysis have been refined for securities
where the current fair value or other characteristics of the security warrant.
The paragraphs below describe the Company's process for identifying credit
impairment in security types with the most significant unrealized losses as of
December 31, 2009.
179
Mortgage-backed
securities
For U.S. mortgage-backed securities (and in particular for Alt-A and
other mortgage-backed securities that have significant unrealized losses as a
percentage of amortized cost), credit impairment is assessed using a cash flow
model that estimates the cash flows on the underlying mortgages, using the
security-specific collateral and transaction structure. The model estimates cash
flows from the underlying mortgage loans and distributes those cash flows to
various tranches of securities, considering the transaction structure and any
subordination and credit enhancements that exist in that structure. The cash
flow model incorporates actual cash flows on the mortgage-backed securities
through the current period and then projects the remaining cash flows using a
number of assumptions, including default rates, prepayment rates, and recovery
rates (on foreclosed properties).
Management develops specific assumptions using
as much market data as possible and includes internal estimates as well as
estimates published by rating agencies and other third-party sources. Default
rates are projected by considering current underlying mortgage loan performance,
generally assuming the default of (1) 10% of current loans, (2) 25% of 30–59 day
delinquent loans, (3) 75% of 60–90 day delinquent loans and (4) 100% of 91+ day
delinquent loans. These estimates are extrapolated along a default timing curve
to estimate the total lifetime pool default rate. Other assumptions used
contemplate the actual collateral attributes, including geographic
concentrations, rating agency loss projections, rating actions and current
market prices.
The key base assumptions for mortgage-backed
securities as of December 31, 2009 are in the table below:
December 31, 2009 | ||
Prepayment rate | 3–8 CRR | |
Loss severity (1) | 45%–75 | % |
Unemployment rate | 10 | % |
Peak-to-trough housing price decline | 32.3 | % |
(1) | Loss severity rates are estimated considering collateral characteristics and generally range from 45%–60% for prime bonds, 50%–70% for Alt-A bonds, and 65%–75% for subprime bonds. |
In addition, cash flow projections are developed using more stressful parameters, and management assesses the results of those stress tests (including the severity of any cash shortfall indicated and the likelihood of the stress scenarios actually occurring based on the underlying pool's characteristics and performance) to assess whether management expects to recover the amortized cost basis of the security. If cash flow projections indicate that the Company does not expect to recover its amortized cost basis, the Company recognizes the estimated credit loss in earnings.
State and municipal
securities
Citigroup's AFS state and municipal bonds consist mainly of bonds that
are financed through Tender Option Bond programs. The process for identifying
credit impairment for bonds in this program as well as for bonds that were
previously financed in this program is largely based on third-party credit
ratings. Individual bond positions must meet minimum ratings requirements, which
vary based on the sector of the bond issuer. The average portfolio rating,
ignoring any insurance, is
Aa3/AA-.
Citigroup monitors the bond issuer and insurer
ratings on a daily basis. In the event of a downgrade of the bond below the
Aa3/AA-, the subject bond is specifically reviewed for potential shortfall in
contractual principal and interest. Citigroup has not recorded any credit
impairments on bonds held as part of the Tender Option Bond program or on bonds
that were previously held as part of the Tender Option Bond
program.
The remainder of Citigroup's AFS state and
municipal bonds, outside of the above, are specifically reviewed for credit
impairment based on instrument-specific estimates of cash flows, probability of
default and loss given default.
Recognition and Measurement of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
The following table presents the total other-than-temporary impairments recognized during the 12 months ended December 31, 2009:
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (OTTI) on Investments | Year ended December 31, 2009 | |||||||
In millions of dollars | AFS | HTM | Total | |||||
Impairment losses related to securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor will | ||||||||
likely be required to sell | ||||||||
Total OTTI losses recognized during the year ended December 31, 2009 | $ | 468 | $ | 6,600 | $ | 7,068 | ||
Less: portion of OTTI loss recognized in AOCI (before taxes) | 60 | 4,296 | 4,356 | |||||
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings for securities that the Company does not intend | ||||||||
to sell nor will likely be required to sell | $ | 408 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,712 | ||
OTTI losses recognized in earnings for securities that the Company intends to sell or more- | ||||||||
likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery | 194 | - | 194 | |||||
Total impairment losses recognized in earnings | $ | 602 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,906 | ||
180
The following is a 12-month roll-forward of the credit-related position recognized in earnings for AFS and HTM debt securities held as of December 31, 2009:
Cumulative Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings | ||||||||||||||
Credit impairments | Credit impairments | Reductions due to | ||||||||||||
recognized in | recognized in | sales of credit | ||||||||||||
earnings on | earnings on | impaired | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2008 | securities not | securities that have | securities sold or | Dec. 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars | balance | previously impaired | been previously impaired | matured | balance | |||||||||
AFS debt securities | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||
Prime | $ | - | $ | 242 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 242 | ||||
Alt-A | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |||||||||
Commercial real estate | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | |||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | 1 | 244 | - | - | 245 | |||||||||
Foreign government | - | 21 | - | (1 | ) | 20 | ||||||||
Corporate | 53 | 59 | 26 | (1 | ) | 137 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | - | 4 | 5 | - | 9 | |||||||||
Other debt securities | - | 49 | - | - | 49 | |||||||||
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for | ||||||||||||||
AFS debt securities | $ | 54 | $ | 377 | $ | 31 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 460 | |||
HTM debt securities | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||
Prime | $ | 8 | $ | 161 | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | 170 | ||||
Alt-A | 1,091 | 1,450 | 28 | - | 2,569 | |||||||||
Subprime | 85 | 120 | 5 | - | 210 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 28 | 68 | - | - | 96 | |||||||||
Commercial real estate | 4 | - | 5 | - | 9 | |||||||||
Total mortgage-backed securities | 1,216 | 1,799 | 39 | - | 3,054 | |||||||||
State and municipal | - | 7 | - | - | 7 | |||||||||
Corporate | - | 408 | 16 | (73 | ) | 351 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 17 | 31 | - | - | 48 | |||||||||
Other debt securities | - | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | |||||||||
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for | ||||||||||||||
HTM debt securities | $ | 1,233 | $ | 2,248 | $ | 56 | $ | (73 | ) | $ | 3,464 | |||
181
Investments
in Alternative Investment Funds
The Company holds investments in certain hedge
funds, private equity funds, fund of funds and real estate funds, and includes
both funds that are managed by the Company and funds managed by third parties.
These
investments are generally classified as non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value. The fair value of these investments has been estimated using the net asset value (NAV) per share of the Company's ownership interest in the funds, where it is not probable that the Company will sell an investment at a price other than NAV.
Redemption frequency | |||||||||
(if currently eligible) | |||||||||
Fair | Monthly, quarterly, | Redemption notice | |||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2009 | value | Unfunded commitments | annually | period | |||||
Hedge funds | $ | 80 | $ | - | 10–95 days | ||||
Private equity funds | 1,516 | 702 | - | - | |||||
Real estate funds (1) | 123 | 37 | - | - | |||||
Total | $ | 1,719 | $ | 739 | |||||
(1 ) | This category includes several real estate funds that invest primarily in commercial real estate in the U.S., Europe and Asia. These investments can never be redeemed with the funds. Distributions from each fund will be received as the underlying investments in the funds are liquidated. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the fund will be liquidated over a period of several years as market conditions allow. While certain assets within the portfolio may be sold, no specific assets have been identified for sale. Because it is not probable that any individual investment will be sold, the fair value of each individual investment has been estimated using the net asset value of the Company's ownership interest in the partners' capital. There is no standard redemption frequency nor is a prior notice period required. The investee fund's management must approve of the buyer before the sale of the investments can be completed. |
182
17. LOANS
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | (1) | 2008 | (1) | ||
Consumer | ||||||
In U.S. offices | ||||||
Mortgage and real estate (2) | $ | 183,842 | $ | 219,482 | ||
Installment and other | 58,099 | 64,319 | ||||
Cards | 28,951 | 44,418 | ||||
Commercial and industrial | 5,640 | 7,041 | ||||
Lease financing | 11 | 31 | ||||
$ | 276,543 | $ | 335,291 | |||
In offices outside the U.S. | ||||||
Mortgage and real estate (2) | $ | 47,297 | $ | 44,382 | ||
Installment, revolving credit and other | 42,805 | 41,272 | ||||
Cards | 41,493 | 42,586 | ||||
Commercial and industrial | 14,780 | 16,814 | ||||
Lease financing | 331 | 304 | ||||
$ | 146,706 | $ | 145,358 | |||
Total consumer loans | $ | 423,249 | $ | 480,649 | ||
Net unearned income | 808 | 738 | ||||
Consumer loans, net of unearned income | $ | 424,057 | $ | 481,387 | ||
Corporate | ||||||
In U.S. offices | ||||||
Commercial and industrial | $ | 15,614 | $ | 26,447 | ||
Loans to financial institutions | 6,947 | 10,200 | ||||
Mortgage and real estate (2) | 22,560 | 28,043 | ||||
Installment, revolving credit and other (3) | 17,737 | 22,050 | ||||
Lease financing | 1,297 | 1,476 | ||||
$ | 64,155 | $ | 88,216 | |||
In offices outside the U.S. | ||||||
Commercial and industrial | $ | 68,467 | $ | 79,809 | ||
Installment and other | 9,683 | 17,441 | ||||
Mortgage and real estate (2) | 9,779 | 11,375 | ||||
Loans to financial institutions | 15,113 | 18,413 | ||||
Lease financing | 1,295 | 1,850 | ||||
Governments and official institutions | 1,229 | 385 | ||||
$ | 105,566 | $ | 129,273 | |||
Total corporate loans | $ | 169,721 | $ | 217,489 | ||
Net unearned income (4) | (2,274 | ) | (4,660 | ) | ||
Corporate loans, net of unearned income | $ | 167,447 | $ | 212,829 | ||
(1 ) | The Company classifies consumer and corporate loans based on the segment and sub-segment that manages the loans. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(2 ) | Loans secured primarily by real estate. |
(3 ) | Includes loans not otherwise separately categorized. |
(4 ) | The unearned income in 2008 includes loans that were transferred in that period from the held-for-sale category to the held-for-investment category at a discount to par. |
Included in the previous loan table are lending products whose terms may give rise to additional credit issues. Credit cards with below-market introductory interest rates, multiple loans supported by the same collateral (e.g., home equity loans), and interest-only loans are examples of such products. However, these products are not material to Citigroup's financial position and are closely managed via credit controls that mitigate their additional inherent risk.
Impaired loans are those where Citigroup believes it is probable that it
will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of
the loan. Impaired loans include corporate non-accrual loans as well as
smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the
borrower's financial difficulties and Citigroup granted a concession to the
borrower. Such modifications may include interest rate reductions and/or
principal forgiveness. Valuation allowances for these loans are estimated
considering all available evidence including, as appropriate, the present value
of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original contractual
effective rate, the secondary market value of the loan and the fair value of
collateral less disposal costs. These totals exclude smaller-balance homogeneous
loans that have not been modified and are carried on a non-accrual basis, as
well as substantially all loans modified for periods of 12 months or less.
At December 31, 2009, loans included in those short-term programs amounted to
$10.1 billion.
The following table presents
information about impaired loans:
In millions of dollars at year end | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Impaired corporate loans | ||||||||
Commercial and industrial | $ | 6,413 | $ | 6,327 | $ | 246 | ||
Loans to financial institutions | 1,794 | 2,635 | 1,122 | |||||
Mortgage and real estate | 4,051 | 407 | 59 | |||||
Lease financing | - | 35 | - | |||||
Other | 1,287 | 328 | 238 | |||||
Total impaired corporate loans | $ | 13,545 | $ | 9,732 | $ | 1,665 | ||
Impaired consumer loans (1) | ||||||||
Mortgage and real estate | $ | 10,629 | $ | 5,023 | $ | 201 | ||
Installment and other | 3,853 | 2,903 | 40 | |||||
Cards | 2,453 | 1,085 | - | |||||
Total impaired consumer loans | $ | 16,935 | $ | 9,011 | $ | 241 | ||
Total (2) | $ | 30,480 | $ | 18,743 | $ | 1,906 | ||
Impaired corporate loans with valuation allowances | $ | 8,578 | $ | 7,300 | $ | 1,314 | ||
Impaired consumer loans with valuation allowances | 16,453 | 8,573 | - | |||||
Impaired corporate valuation allowance | $ | 2,480 | $ | 2,698 | $ | 388 | ||
Impaired consumer valuation allowance | 4,977 | 2,373 | - | |||||
Total valuation allowances (3) | $ | 7,457 | $ | 5,071 | $ | 388 | ||
During the year | ||||||||
Average balance of impaired corporate loans | $ | 12,990 | $ | 4,157 | $ | 967 | ||
Average balance of impaired consumer loans | 14,049 | 5,266 | - | |||||
Interest income recognized on | ||||||||
Impaired corporate loans | $ | 21 | $ | 49 | $ | 101 | ||
Impaired consumer loans | 792 | $ | 276 | - | ||||
(1) | Prior to 2008, the Company's financial accounting systems did not separately track impaired smaller-balance, homogeneous consumer loans whose terms were modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties and it was determined that a concession was granted to the borrower. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, such modified impaired consumer loans amounted to $15.899 and $8.151 billion, respectively. However, information derived from the Company's risk management systems indicates that the amounts of such outstanding modified loans, including those modified prior to 2008, approximated $18.1 billion, $12.3 billion and $7.0 billion at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. |
(2) | Excludes loans purchased for investment purposes. |
(3) | Included in the Allowance for loan losses . |
183
In addition, included in the loan table are purchased distressed loans, which are loans that have evidenced significant credit deterioration subsequent to origination but prior to acquisition by Citigroup. In accordance with SOP 03-3, the difference between the total expected cash flows for these loans and the initial recorded investments is recognized in income over the life of the loans using a level yield. Accordingly, these loans have been excluded from the impaired loan information presented above. In addition, per SOP 03-3, subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows for a purchased distressed loan require a build of an allowance so the loan
retains its level yield.
However, increases in the expected cash flows are first recognized as a
reduction of any previously established allowance and then recognized as income
prospectively over the remaining life of the loan by increasing the loan's level
yield. Where the expected cash flows cannot be reliably estimated, the purchased
distressed loan is accounted for under the cost recovery
method.
The carrying amount of the purchased distressed loan portfolio at
December 31, 2009 was $825 million net of an allowance of $95 million.
The changes in the accretable yield, related allowance and carrying amount net of accretable yield for 2009 are as follows:
Carrying | |||||||||
Accretable | amount of loan | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | yield | receivable | Allowance | ||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 92 | $ | 1,510 | $ | 122 | |||
Purchases (1) | 14 | 329 | - | ||||||
Disposals/payments received | (5 | ) | (967 | ) | - | ||||
Accretion | (52 | ) | 52 | - | |||||
Builds (reductions) to the allowance | (21 | ) | 1 | (27 | ) | ||||
Increase to expected cash flows | 10 | 2 | - | ||||||
FX/Other | (11 | ) | (7 | ) | - | ||||
Balance, December 31, 2009 (2) | $ | 27 | $ | 920 | $ | 95 | |||
(1) | The balance reported in the column "Carrying amount of loan receivable" consists of $87 million of purchased loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $242 million under the cost-recovery method. These balances represent the fair value of these loans at their acquisition date. The related total expected cash flows for the level-yield loans were $101 million at their acquisition dates. |
(2) | The balance reported in the column "Carrying amount of loan receivable" consists of $561 million of loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $359 million accounted for under the cost-recovery method. |
184
18. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | 2007 | (1) | ||||
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of year | $ | 29,616 | $ | 16,117 | $ | 8,940 | |||
Gross credit losses | (32,784 | ) | (20,760 | ) | (11,864 | ) | |||
Gross recoveries | 2,043 | 1,749 | 1,938 | ||||||
Net credit (losses) recoveries (NCLs) | $ | (30,741 | ) | $ | (19,011 | ) | $ | (9,926 | ) |
NCLs | $ | 30,741 | $ | 19,011 | $ | 9,926 | |||
Net reserve builds (releases) | 5,741 | 11,297 | 6,550 | ||||||
Net specific reserve builds (releases) | 2,278 | 3,366 | 356 | ||||||
Total provision for credit losses | $ | 38,760 | $ | 33,674 | $ | 16,832 | |||
Other, net (2) | (1,602 | ) | (1,164 | ) | 271 | ||||
Allowance for loan losses at end of year | $ | 36,033 | $ | 29,616 | $ | 16,117 | |||
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments at beginning of year (3) | $ | 887 | $ | 1,250 | $ | 1,100 | |||
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 244 | (363 | ) | 150 | |||||
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments at end of year (3) | $ | 1,157 | $ | 887 | $ | 1,250 | |||
Total allowance for loans, leases, and unfunded lending commitments | $ | 37,190 | $ | 30,503 | $ | 17,367 | |||
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. |
(2) | 2009 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of approximately $543 million related to securitizations, approximately $402 million related to the sale or transfers to held-for-sale of U.S. Real Estate Lending Loans, and $562 million related to the transfer of the U.K. Cards portfolio to held-for-sale. 2008 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of approximately $800 million related to FX translation, $102 million related to securitizations, $244 million for the sale of the German retail banking operation, $156 million for the sale of CitiCapital, partially offset by additions of $106 million related to the Cuscatlán and Bank of Overseas Chinese acquisitions. 2007 primarily includes reductions to the loan loss reserve of $475 million related to securitizations and transfers to loans held-for-sale, and reductions of $83 million related to the transfer of the U.K. CitiFinancial portfolio to held-for-sale, offset by additions of $610 million related to the acquisitions of Egg, Nikko Cordial, Grupo Cuscatlán and Grupo Financiero Uno. |
(3) | Represents additional credit loss reserves for unfunded corporate lending commitments and letters of credit recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. |
185
19. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The changes in Goodwill during
2008 and 2009 were as follows:
In millions of dollars | |||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | $ | 41,053 | |
Sale of German retail bank | $ | (1,047 | ) |
Sale of CitiCapital | (221 | ) | |
Sale of Citigroup Global Services Limited | (85 | ) | |
Purchase accounting adjustments-BISYS | (184 | ) | |
Purchase of the remaining shares of Nikko Cordial-net of purchase accounting adjustments | 287 | ||
Acquisition of Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group | 98 | ||
Foreign exchange translation | (3,116 | ) | |
Impairment of goodwill | (9,568 | ) | |
Smaller acquisitions, purchase accounting adjustments and other | (85 | ) | |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | $ | 27,132 | |
Sale of Smith Barney | $ | (1,146 | ) |
Sale of Nikko Cordial Securities | (558 | ) | |
Sale of Nikko Asset Management | (433 | ) | |
Foreign exchange translation | 547 | ||
Smaller acquisitions/divestitures, purchase accounting adjustments and other | (150 | ) | |
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | 25,392 | |
The changes in Goodwill by segment during 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
Regional | ||||||||||||||
Consumer | Institutional | Corporate/ | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | Banking | Clients Group | Citi Holdings | Other | Total | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 (1) | $ | 19,751 | $ | 9,288 | $ | 12,014 | $- | $ | 41,053 | |||||
Goodwill acquired during 2008 | $ | 88 | $ | 108 | $ | 1,492 | $- | $ | 1,688 | |||||
Goodwill disposed of during 2008 | - | - | (1,378 | ) | - | (1,378 | ) | |||||||
Goodwill impaired during 2008 | (6,547 | ) | - | (3,021 | ) | - | (9,568 | ) | ||||||
Other (1) | (4,006 | ) | 775 | (1,432 | ) | - | (4,663 | ) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 (1) | $ | 9,286 | $ | 10,171 | $ | 7,675 | $- | $ | 27,132 | |||||
Goodwill acquired during 2009 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $- | $ | - | |||||
Goodwill disposed of during 2009 | - | (39 | ) | (2,248 | ) | - | (2,287 | ) | ||||||
Other (1) | 307 | 225 | 15 | - | 547 | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 | $ | 9,593 | $ | 10,357 | $ | 5,442 | $- | $ | 25,392 | |||||
(1) | Other changes in Goodwill primarily reflect foreign exchange effects on non-dollar-denominated goodwill, as well as purchase accounting adjustments. |
Goodwill impairment testing is performed at a level below the business segments (referred to as a reporting unit). The changes in the organizational structure in 2009 resulted in the creation of new reporting segments. As a result, commencing with the second quarter of 2009, the Company has identified new reporting units as required under ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other . Goodwill affected by the reorganization has been reassigned from 10 reporting units to nine, using a fair value approach. During 2009, goodwill was allocated to disposals and tested for impairment under the new reporting units. The Company performed goodwill impairment testing for all reporting units as of April 1, 2009 and July 1, 2009. Additionally, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment test for the Local Consumer Lending -Cards reporting unit as of November 30, 2009. No goodwill was written off due to impairment in 2009.
During 2008, the share prices of financial stocks continued to be very volatile and were under considerable pressure in sustained turbulent markets. In this environment, Citigroup's market capitalization remained below book value for most of the period and the Company performed goodwill impairment testing for all reporting units as of February 28, 2008, July 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008. The results of the first step of the impairment test showed no indication of impairment in any of the reporting units at any of the periods except December 31, 2008 and, accordingly, the Company did not perform the second step of the impairment test, except for the test performed as of December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, there was an indication of impairment in the North America Consumer Banking, Latin America Consumer Banking, and Local Consumer Lending -Other reporting units and, accordingly, the second step of testing was performed on these reporting units.
186
Based on the results of the second step of testing, at December 31, 2008,
the Company recorded a $9.6 billion pretax ($8.7 billion after-tax) goodwill
impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2008, representing most of the
goodwill allocated to these reporting units. The primary cause for the goodwill
impairment at December 31, 2008 in the above reporting units was rapid
deterioration in the financial markets, as well as in the global economic
outlook particularly during the period beginning mid-November through year-end
2008. The more significant fair value adjustments in the pro forma purchase
price allocation in the second step of testing were to fair value loans and debt
and were made to identify and value identifiable intangibles. The adjustments to
measure the assets, liabilities and intangibles were for the purpose of
measuring the implied fair value of goodwill and such adjustments are not
reflected in the Consolidated Balance
Sheet.
The following table shows reporting units with goodwill balances and the
excess of fair value as a percentage over allocated book value as of December
31, 2009.
In millions of dollars | ||||
Fair value as a % of | ||||
Reporting unit (1) | allocated book value | Goodwill | ||
North America Regional Consumer Banking | 174 | % | $ | 2,453 |
EMEA Regional Consumer Banking | 163 | 255 | ||
Asia Regional Consumer Banking | 303 | 5,533 | ||
Latin America Regional Consumer Banking | 215 | 1,352 | ||
Securities and Banking | 203 | 8,784 | ||
Transaction Services | 2,079 | 1,573 | ||
Brokerage and Asset Management | 161 | 759 | ||
Local Consumer Lending -Cards | 112 | 4,683 | ||
(1) | Local Consumer Lending -Other is excluded from the table as there is no goodwill allocated to it.
|
While no impairment was noted in step one of the Company's Local Consumer Lending -Cards reporting unit impairment test at November 30, 2009, goodwill
present in that reporting unit may be particularly sensitive to further
deterioration in economic conditions. Under the market approach for valuing this
reporting unit, the earnings multiples and transaction multiples were selected
from multiples obtained using data from guideline companies and acquisitions.
The selection of the actual multiple considers operating performance and
financial condition such as return on equity and net income growth of Local Consumer Lending -Cards as compared to the guideline companies
and acquisitions. For the valuation under the income approach, the Company
utilized a discount rate, which it believes reflects the risk and uncertainty
related to the projected cash flows, and selected 2012 as the terminal
year.
Small deterioration in the assumptions used in the valuations, in
particular the discount rate and growth rate assumptions used in the net income
projections, could significantly affect the Company's impairment evaluation and,
hence, results. If the future were to differ adversely from management's best
estimate of key economic assumptions and associated cash flows were to decrease
by a small margin, the Company could potentially experience future material
impairment charges with respect to $4,683 million of goodwill remaining in our Local Consumer Lending -Cards reporting unit. Any such charges, by
themselves, would not negatively affect the Company's Tier 1, Tier 1 Common and
Total Capital regulatory ratios, its Tangible Common Equity or the Company's
liquidity position.
187
Intangible
Assets
The
components of intangible assets were as follows:
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross | Net | Gross | Net | ||||||||||||||
carrying | Accumulated | carrying | carrying | Accumulated | carrying | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | amount | amortization | amount | amount | amortization | amount | |||||||||||
Purchased credit card relationships | $ | 8,148 | $ | 4,838 | $ | 3,310 | $ | 8,443 | $ | 4,513 | $ | 3,930 | |||||
Core deposit intangibles | 1,373 | 791 | 582 | 1,345 | 662 | 683 | |||||||||||
Other customer relationships | 675 | 176 | 499 | 4,031 | 168 | 3,863 | |||||||||||
Present value of future profits | 418 | 280 | 138 | 415 | 264 | 151 | |||||||||||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 569 | - | 569 | 1,474 | - | 1,474 | |||||||||||
Other (1) | 4,977 | 1,361 | 3,616 | 5,343 | 1,285 | 4,058 | |||||||||||
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | $ | 16,160 | $ | 7,446 | $ | 8,714 | $ | 21,051 | $ | 6,892 | $ | 14,159 | |||||
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) | 6,530 | - | 6,530 | 5,657 | - | 5,657 | |||||||||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 22,690 | $ | 7,446 | $ | 15,244 | $ | 26,708 | $ | 6,892 | $ | 19,816 | |||||
(1) | Includes contract-related intangible assets. |
In 2009, Citigroup added $302
million in other intangibles, with a weighted-average amortization period
of 13 years.
Intangible assets amortization expense was
$1,179 million, $1,427 million and $1,267 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007,
respectively. Intangible assets amortization expense is estimated to be $991
million in 2010, $934 million in 2011, $887 million in 2012, $802 million in
2013, and $770 million in 2014.
The changes in intangible assets during 2009 were as follows:
Net carrying | Net carrying | ||||||||||||||||
amount at | FX | amount at | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | Acquisitions/ | and | December 31, | ||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2008 | divestitures | Amortization | Impairments | other | (1) | 2009 | ||||||||||
Purchased credit card relationships | $ | 3,930 | $ | (72 | ) | $ | (595 | ) | $ | - | $ | 47 | $ | 3,310 | |||
Core deposit intangibles | 683 | - | (115 | ) | (3 | ) | 17 | 582 | |||||||||
Other customer relationships | 3,863 | (3,253 | ) | (164 | ) | - | 53 | 499 | |||||||||
Present value of future profits | 151 | - | (13 | ) | - | - | 138 | ||||||||||
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 1,474 | (967 | ) | - | - | 62 | 569 | ||||||||||
Other | 4,058 | (108 | ) | (292 | ) | (53 | ) | 11 | 3,616 | ||||||||
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) | $ | 14,159 | $ | (4,400 | ) | $ | (1,179 | ) | $ | (56 | ) | $ | 190 | $ | 8,714 | ||
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) (2) | 5,657 | 6,530 | |||||||||||||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 19,816 | $ | 15,244 | |||||||||||||
(1) | Includes foreign exchange translation and purchase accounting adjustments. |
(2) | See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the roll-forward of mortgage servicing rights. |
188
20. DEBT
Short-Term
Borrowings
Short-term
borrowings consist of commercial paper and other borrowings with weighted
average interest rates as follows:
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||
at December 31, | Balance | average | Balance | average | ||||||
Commercial paper | ||||||||||
Citigroup Funding Inc. | $ 9,846 | 0.33 | % | $ | 28,654 | 1.66 | % | |||
Other Citigroup subsidiaries | 377 | 0.51 | 471 | 2.02 | ||||||
$10,223 | $ | 29,125 | ||||||||
Other borrowings | 58,656 | 0.66 | % | 97,566 | 2.40 | % | ||||
Total | $68,879 | $ | 126,691 |
Borrowings under bank lines of credit may be at interest rates based on
LIBOR, CD rates, the prime rate, or bids submitted by the banks. Citigroup pays
commitment fees for its lines of
credit.
Some of Citigroup's non-bank subsidiaries have
credit facilities with Citigroup's subsidiary depository institutions, including
Citibank, N.A. Borrowings under these facilities must be secured in accordance
with Section 23A of the Federal Reserve
Act.
CGMHI has committed financing with an
unaffiliated bank. At December 31, 2009, CGMHI had drawn down the full $125
million available, which is guaranteed by Citigroup. It also has substantial
borrowing agreements consisting of facilities that CGMHI has been advised are
available, but where no contractual lending obligation exists. These
arrangements are reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure flexibility in meeting
CGMHI's short-term requirements.
Long-Term Debt
Balances | ||||||||
Weighted | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | average | |||||||
at December 31, | coupon | Maturities | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Citigroup parent company | ||||||||
Senior notes (1) | 4.11 | % | 2010-2098 | $ | 149,751 | $ | 138,014 | |
Subordinated notes | 5.25 | 2010-2036 | 28,708 | 30,216 | ||||
Junior subordinated notes | ||||||||
relating to trust preferred | ||||||||
securities | 7.19 | 2031-2067 | 19,345 | 24,060 | ||||
Other Citigroup subsidiaries | ||||||||
Senior notes (2) | 2.12 | 2010-2043 | 93,909 | 105,620 | ||||
Subsidiary | ||||||||
subordinated notes | 1.63 | 2010-2038 | 3,060 | 3,395 | ||||
Secured debt | 1.79 | 2010-2017 | 325 | 290 | ||||
Citigroup Global Markets | ||||||||
Holdings Inc. | ||||||||
Senior notes | 1.94 | 2010-2097 | 13,422 | 20,619 | ||||
Subordinated notes | - | 4 | ||||||
Citigroup Funding Inc. (3) | ||||||||
Senior notes | 3.21 | 2010-2051 | 55,499 | 37,375 | ||||
Total | $ | 364,019 | $ | 359,593 | ||||
Senior notes | $ | 312,581 | $ | 301,628 | ||||
Subordinated notes | 31,768 | 33,615 | ||||||
Junior subordinated notes | ||||||||
relating to trust preferred | ||||||||
securities | 19,345 | 24,060 | ||||||
Other | 325 | 290 | ||||||
Total | $ | 364,019 | $ | 359,593 |
(1) | Includes $250 million of notes maturing in 2098. | |
(2) | At December 31, 2009 and 2008, collateralized advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank are $24.1 billion and $67.4 billion, respectively. | |
(3) | Includes Principal-Protected Trust Securities (Safety First Trust Securities) with carrying values of $528 million issued by Safety First Trust Series 2006-1, 2007-1, 2007-2, 2007-3, 2007-4, 2008-1, 2008-2, 2008-3, 2008-4, 2008-5, 2008-6, 2009-1, 2009-2, and 2009-3 (collectively, the "Safety First Trusts") at December 31, 2009 and $452 million issued by Safety First Trust Series 2006-1, 2007-1, 2007-2, 2007-3, 2007-4, 2008-1, 2008-2, 2008-3, 2008-4, 2008-5 and 2008-6 at December 31, 2008. CFI owns all of the voting securities of the Safety First Trusts. The Safety First Trusts have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration, and repayment of the Safety First Trust Securities and the Safety First Trusts' common securities. The Safety First Trusts' obligations under the Safety First Trust Securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by CFI, and CFI's guarantee obligations are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup. |
CGMHI has a syndicated five-year committed uncollateralized revolving line of credit facility with unaffiliated banks totaling $3.0 billion, which was undrawn at December 31, 2009 and matures in 2011. CGMHI also has committed long-term financing facilities with unaffiliated banks. At December 31, 2009, CGMHI had drawn down the full $900 million available under these facilities, of which $150 million is guaranteed by Citigroup. Generally, a bank can terminate these facilities by giving CGMHI one year prior notice.
189
CGMHI also has substantial borrowing arrangements consisting of
facilities that CGMHI has been advised are available, but where no contractual
lending obligation exists. These arrangements are reviewed on an ongoing basis
to ensure flexibility in meeting CGMHI's short-term
requirements.
The Company issues both fixed and variable
rate debt in a range of currencies. It uses derivative contracts, primarily
interest rate swaps, to effectively convert a portion of its fixed rate debt to
variable rate debt
and variable rate debt to fixed rate debt. The maturity structure of the derivatives generally corresponds to the maturity structure of the debt being hedged. In addition, the Company uses other derivative contracts to manage the foreign exchange impact of certain debt issuances. At December 31, 2009, the Company's overall weighted average interest rate for long-term debt was 3.51% on a contractual basis and 3.91% including the effects of derivative contracts.
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt obligations (based on final maturity dates) including trust preferred securities are as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||
Citigroup parent company | $ | 18,030 | $ | 20,435 | $ | 29,706 | $ | 17,775 | $ | 18,916 | $ | 92,942 | ||||||
Other Citigroup subsidiaries | 18,710 | 29,316 | 17,214 | 5,177 | 12,202 | 14,675 | ||||||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. | 1,315 | 1,030 | 1,686 | 388 | 522 | 8,481 | ||||||||||||
Citigroup Funding Inc. | 9,107 | 8,875 | 20,738 | 4,792 | 3,255 | 8,732 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 47,162 | $ | 59,656 | $ | 69,344 | $ | 28,132 | $ | 34,895 | $ | 124,830 |
Long-term debt at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 includes
$19,345 million and $24,060 million, respectively, of junior subordinated debt.
The Company formed statutory business trusts under the laws of the state of
Delaware. The trusts exist for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing trust
securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the
Trust; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the trust securities in junior
subordinated deferrable interest debentures (subordinated debentures) of its
parent; and (iii) engaging in only those activities necessary or incidental
thereto. Upon approval from the Federal Reserve, Citigroup has the right to
redeem these securities.
Citigroup has contractually agreed not to
redeem or purchase (i) the 6.50% Enhanced Trust Preferred securities of
Citigroup Capital XV before September 15, 2056, (ii) the 6.45% Enhanced Trust
Preferred securities of Citigroup Capital XVI before December 31, 2046, (iii)
the 6.35% Enhanced Trust Preferred securities of Citigroup Capital XVII before
March 15, 2057, (iv) the 6.829% Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Enhanced Trust
Preferred securities of Citigroup Capital XVIII before June 28, 2047, (v) the
7.250% Enhanced Trust Preferred securities of Citigroup Capital XIX before
August 15, 2047, (vi) the 7.875% Enhanced Trust Preferred securities of
Citigroup Capital
XX before December 15, 2067, and (vii) the 8.300% Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Enhanced Trust Preferred securities of Citigroup Capital XXI before December 21, 2067, unless certain conditions, described in Exhibit 4.03 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2006, in Exhibit 4.02 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 28, 2006, in Exhibit 4.02 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2007, in Exhibit 4.02 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2007, in Exhibit 4.02 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 17, 2007, in Exhibit 4.2 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2007, and in Exhibit 4.2 to Citigroup's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2007, respectively, are met. These agreements are for the benefit of the holders of Citigroup's 6.00% junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures due 2034. Citigroup owns all of the voting securities of these subsidiary trusts. These subsidiary trusts have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration, and repayment of the subsidiary trusts and the subsidiary trusts' common securities. These subsidiary trusts' obligations are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup.
190
The following table summarizes the financial structure of each of the Company's subsidiary trusts at December 31, 2009:
Junior subordinated debentures owned by trust | ||||||||||||||||
Trust securities | Common | |||||||||||||||
with distributions | shares | Redeemable | ||||||||||||||
guaranteed by | Issuance | Securities | Liquidation | Coupon | issued | by issuer | ||||||||||
Citigroup | date | issued | value | rate | to parent | Amount | (1) | Maturity | beginning | |||||||
In millions of dollars, except share amounts | ||||||||||||||||
Citigroup Capital III | Dec. 1996 | 194,053 | $ 194 | 7.625 | % | 6,003 | $ 200 | Dec. 1, 2036 | Not redeemable | |||||||
Citigroup Capital VII | July 2001 | 35,885,898 | 897 | 7.125 | % | 1,109,874 | 925 | July 31, 2031 | July 31, 2006 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital VIII | Sept. 2001 | 43,651,597 | 1,091 | 6.950 | % | 1,350,050 | 1,125 | Sept. 15, 2031 | Sept. 17, 2006 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital IX | Feb. 2003 | 33,874,813 | 847 | 6.000 | % | 1,047,675 | 873 | Feb. 14, 2033 | Feb. 13, 2008 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital X | Sept. 2003 | 14,757,823 | 369 | 6.100 | % | 456,428 | 380 | Sept. 30, 2033 | Sept. 30, 2008 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XI | Sept. 2004 | 18,387,128 | 460 | 6.000 | % | 568,675 | 474 | Sept. 27, 2034 | Sept. 27, 2009 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XIV | June 2006 | 12,227,281 | 306 | 6.875 | % | 40,000 | 307 | June 30, 2066 | June 30, 2011 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XV | Sept. 2006 | 25,210,733 | 630 | 6.500 | % | 40,000 | 631 | Sept. 15, 2066 | Sept. 15, 2011 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XVI | Nov. 2006 | 38,148,947 | 954 | 6.450 | % | 20,000 | 954 | Dec. 31, 2066 | Dec. 31, 2011 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XVII | Mar. 2007 | 28,047,927 | 701 | 6.350 | % | 20,000 | 702 | Mar. 15, 2067 | Mar. 15, 2012 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XVIII | June 2007 | 99,901 | 162 | 6.829 | % | 50 | 162 | June 28, 2067 | June 28, 2017 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XIX | Aug. 2007 | 22,771,968 | 569 | 7.250 | % | 20,000 | 570 | Aug. 15, 2067 | Aug. 15, 2012 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XX | Nov. 2007 | 17,709,814 | 443 | 7.875 | % | 20,000 | 443 | Dec. 15, 2067 | Dec. 15, 2012 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XXI | Dec. 2007 | 2,345,801 | 2,346 | 8.300 | % | 500 | 2,346 | Dec. 21, 2077 | Dec. 21, 2037 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XXX | Nov. 2007 | 1,875,000 | 1,875 | 6.455 | % | 10 | 1,875 | Sept. 15, 2041 | Sept. 15, 2013 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XXXI | Nov. 2007 | 1,875,000 | 1,875 | 6.700 | % | 10 | 1,875 | Mar. 15, 2042 | Mar. 15, 2014 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XXXII | Nov. 2007 | 1,875,000 | 1,875 | 6.935 | % | 10 | 1,875 | Sept. 15, 2042 | Sept. 15, 2014 | |||||||
Citigroup Capital XXXIII | July 2009 | 5,259,000 | 5,259 | 8.000 | % | 100 | 5,259 | July 30, 2039 | July 30, 2014 | |||||||
3 mo. LIB | ||||||||||||||||
Adam Capital Trust III | Dec. 2002 | 17,500 | 18 | +335 bp. | 542 | 18 | Jan. 7, 2033 | Jan. 7, 2008 | ||||||||
3 mo. LIB | ||||||||||||||||
Adam Statutory Trust III | Dec. 2002 | 25,000 | 25 | +325 bp. | 774 | 26 | Dec. 26, 2032 | Dec. 26, 2007 | ||||||||
3 mo. LIB | ||||||||||||||||
Adam Statutory Trust IV | Sept. 2003 | 40,000 | 40 | +295 bp. | 1,238 | 41 | Sept. 17, 2033 | Sept. 17, 2008 | ||||||||
3 mo. LIB | ||||||||||||||||
Adam Statutory Trust V | Mar. 2004 | 35,000 | 35 | +279 bp. | 1,083 | 36 | Mar. 17, 2034 | Mar. 17, 2009 | ||||||||
Total obligated | $20,971 | $21,097 |
(1) | Represents the proceeds received from the Trust at the date of issuance. |
In each case, the coupon rate on the debentures is the same as that on
the trust securities. Distributions on the trust securities and interest on the
debentures are payable quarterly, except for Citigroup Capital III, Citigroup
Capital XVIII and Citigroup Capital XXI on which distributions are payable
semiannually.
During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to
the "Exchange Offers," Citigroup converted $5.8 billion liquidation value of
trust preferred securities across Citigroup Capital III, Citigroup Capital VII,
Citigroup Capital VIII,
Citigroup Capital IX, Citigroup Capital X, Citigroup Capital XI, Citigroup Capital XIV, Citigroup Capital XV, Citigroup Capital XVI, Citigroup Capital XVII, Citigroup Capital XVIII, Citigroup Capital XIX, Citigroup Capital XX and Citigroup Capital XXI to common stock and issued $27.1 billion of Citigroup Capital XXXIII trust preferred securities to the U.S. government in exchange for the Series G and I of preferred stock.
191
21. PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
The following
table summarizes the Company's Preferred Stock outstanding at December 31, 2009
and December 31, 2008:
Carrying value | |||||||||||||
in millions of dollars | |||||||||||||
Redemption | Convertible to | ||||||||||||
price per | approximate | ||||||||||||
depositary | Number | number of | |||||||||||
share / | of | Citigroup | |||||||||||
Dividend | preference | depositary | common shares at | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||
rate | share | shares | December 31, 2009 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
Series A (1) | 7.000 | % | $ 50 | - | $ | - | $ - | $ 6,880 | |||||
Series B (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 3,000 | ||||||
Series C (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 1,000 | ||||||
Series D (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 750 | ||||||
Series E (2) | 8.400 | % | 1,000 | 121,254 | - | 121 | 6,000 | ||||||
Series F (3) | 8.500 | % | 25 | 2,863,369 | - | 71 | 2,040 | ||||||
Series H (4) | 5.000 | % | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 23,727 | ||||||
Series I (5) | 8.000 | % | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 19,513 | ||||||
Series J (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 450 | ||||||
Series K (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 400 | ||||||
Series L1 (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 5 | ||||||
Series N (1) | 7.000 | % | 50 | - | - | - | 15 | ||||||
Series T (6) | 6.500 | % | 50 | 453,981 | 672,959 | 23 | 3,169 | ||||||
Series AA (7) | 8.125 | % | 25 | 3,870,330 | - | 97 | 3,715 | ||||||
672,959 | $312 | $70,664 |
(1) | Issued on January 23, 2008 as depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of the corresponding series of Non-Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock. Under the terms of pre-existing conversion price reset agreements with holders of Series A, B, C, D, J, K, L1 and N (the "Old Preferred Stock"), on February 17, 2009, Citigroup exchanged shares of new preferred stock Series A1, B1, C1, D1, J1, K1, L2 and N1 (the "New Preferred Stock") for an equal number of shares of Old Preferred Stock. All shares of the Old Preferred Stock were canceled. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", Citigroup converted the entire notional value of the New Preferred Stock to common stock. | |
(2) | Issued on April 28, 2008 as depositary shares, each representing a 1/25th interest in a share of the corresponding series of Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock. Redeemable in whole or in part on or after April 30, 2018. Dividends are payable semi-annually for the first 10 years until April 30, 2018 at $42.70 per depositary share and thereafter quarterly at a floating rate when, as and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", Citigroup converted $5,879 million notional value of Series E Preferred Stock to common stock. | |
(3) | Issued on May 13, 2008 and May 28, 2008 as depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of the corresponding series of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock. Redeemable in whole or in part on or after June 15, 2013. The dividend of $0.53 per depositary share is payable quarterly when, as and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", Citigroup converted $1,969 million notional value of Series F Preferred Stock to common stock. | |
(4) | Issued on October 28, 2008 as Cumulative Preferred Stock to the United States Treasury under the Troubled Asset Relief Program. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", the entire notional value of the Preferred Stock was converted to common stock. | |
(5) | Issued on December 31, 2008 as Cumulative Preferred Stock to the United States Treasury under the Troubled Asset Relief Program. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", the entire notional value of the Preferred Stock was converted to Citigroup Capital XXXIII trust preferred securities maturing July 30, 2039. | |
(6) | Issued on January 23, 2008 and January 29, 2008 as depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of the corresponding series of Non-Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock. Redeemable in whole or in part on or after February 15, 2015. Convertible into Citigroup common stock at a conversion rate of approximately 1,482.3503 per share, which is subject to adjustment under certain conditions. The dividend or in $0.81 per depositary share is payable quarterly when, as and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors. Redemption is subject to a capital replacement covenant. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", Citigroup converted $3,146 million notional value of Series T Preferred Stock to common stock. | |
(7) | Issued on January 25, 2008 as depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of the corresponding series of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock. Redeemable in whole or in part on or after February 15, 2018. The dividend of $0.51 per depositary share is payable quarterly when, as and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors. Redemption is subject to a capital replacement covenant. During the third quarter of 2009, pursuant to the "Exchange Offers", Citigroup converted $3,618 million notional value of Series AA Preferred Stock to common stock. |
192
Regulatory Capital
Citigroup is subject to risk based capital and
leverage guidelines issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System (FRB). Its U.S. insured depository institution subsidiaries, including
Citibank, N.A., are subject to similar guidelines issued by their respective
primary federal bank regulatory agencies. These guidelines are used to evaluate
capital adequacy and include the required minimums shown in the following
table.
The regulatory agencies are required by law to
take specific prompt actions with respect to institutions that do not meet
minimum capital standards. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, all of Citigroup's
U.S. insured subsidiary depository institutions were "well
capitalized."
At December
31, 2009, regulatory capital as set forth in guidelines issued by the U.S.
federal bank regulators is as follows:
Well- | |||||||||||
Required | capitalized | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars | minimum | minimum | Citigroup | (3) | Citibank, N.A. | (3) | |||||
Tier 1 Capital | $ | 127,034 | $ | 96,833 | |||||||
Total Capital (1) | 165,983 | 110,625 | |||||||||
Tier 1 Capital ratio | 4.0 | % | 6.0 | % | 11.67 | % | 13.16 | % | |||
Total Capital ratio (1) | 8.0 | 10.0 | 15.25 | 15.03 | |||||||
Leverage ratio (2) | 3.0 | 5.0 | (3) | 6.89 | 8.31 |
(1) | Total Capital includes Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital. | |
(2) | Tier 1 Capital divided by adjusted average total assets. | |
(3) | Applicable only to depository institutions. For bank holding companies to be "well capitalized," they must maintain a minimum Leverage ratio of 3%. |
Banking Subsidiaries-Constraints on
Dividends
There are
various legal limitations on the ability of Citigroup's subsidiary depository
institutions to extend credit, pay dividends or otherwise supply funds to
Citigroup and its non-bank subsidiaries. Currently, the approval of the Office
of the Comptroller of the Currency, in the case of national banks, or the Office
of Thrift Supervision, in the case of federal savings banks, is required if
total dividends declared in any calendar year exceed amounts specified by the
applicable agency's regulations. State-chartered depository institutions are
subject to dividend limitations imposed by applicable state
law.
In determining the dividends, each depository
institution must also consider its effect on applicable risk-based capital and
leverage ratio requirements, as well as policy statements of the federal
regulatory agencies that indicate that banking organizations should generally
pay dividends out of current operating earnings. Citigroup did not receive any
dividends from its banking subsidiaries during 2009.
Non-Banking
Subsidiaries
Citigroup
also receives dividends from its non-bank subsidiaries. These non-bank
subsidiaries are generally not subject to regulatory restrictions on
dividends.
The ability of CGMHI to declare dividends can
be restricted by capital considerations of its broker-dealer subsidiaries.
In millions of dollars | |||||
Net | Excess over | ||||
capital or | minimum | ||||
Subsidiary | Jurisdiction | equivalent | requirement | ||
Citigroup Global | U.S. Securities and | ||||
Markets Inc. | Exchange | ||||
Commission | |||||
Uniform Net | |||||
Capital Rule | |||||
(Rule 15c3-1) | $10,886 | $10,218 | |||
Citigroup Global | United Kingdom's | ||||
Markets Limited | Financial | ||||
Services | |||||
Authority | $ 6,409 | $ 3,081 |
193
22. CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Changes in each component of "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
(Loss)" for the three-year period ended December 31, 2009 are as follows:
Foreign | |||||||||||||||
currency | |||||||||||||||
Net unrealized | translation | Accumulated | |||||||||||||
gains (losses) | adjustment, | Pension | other | ||||||||||||
on investment | net of | Cash flow | liability | comprehensive | |||||||||||
In millions of dollars | securities | hedges | hedges | adjustments | income (loss) | ||||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2007 | $ | 1,092 | $ | (2,796 | ) | $ | (61 | ) | $ | (1,786 | ) | $ | (3,551 | ) | |
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, net of taxes | 138 | - | - | - | 138 | ||||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income, net of taxes | (759 | ) | - | - | - | (759 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes (1) | - | 2,024 | - | - | 2,024 | ||||||||||
Cash flow hedges, net of taxes (2) | - | - | (3,102 | ) | - | (3,102 | ) | ||||||||
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes (3) | - | - | - | 590 | 590 | ||||||||||
Change | $ | (621 | ) | $ | 2,024 | $ | (3,102 | ) | $ | 590 | $ | (1,109 | ) | ||
Balance, December 31, 2007 | $ | 471 | $ | (772 | ) | $ | (3,163 | ) | $ | (1,196 | ) | $ | (4,660 | ) | |
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, net of taxes | (11,422 | ) | - | - | - | (11,422 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net losses included in net income, net of taxes | 1,304 | - | - | - | 1,304 | ||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes (1) | - | (6,972 | ) | - | - | (6,972 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flow hedges, net of taxes (2) | - | - | (2,026 | ) | - | (2,026 | ) | ||||||||
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes (3) | - | - | - | (1,419 | ) | (1,419 | ) | ||||||||
Change | $ | (10,118 | ) | $ | (6,972 | ) | $ | (2,026 | ) | $ | (1,419 | ) | $ | (20,535 | ) |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | $ | (9,647 | ) | $ | (7,744 | ) | $ | (5,189 | ) | $ | (2,615 | ) | $ | (25,195 | ) |
Cumulative effect of accounting change (ASC 320-10-35/FSP FAS 115-2 | |||||||||||||||
and FAS 124-2) | (413 | ) | - | - | - | (413 | ) | ||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2009 | $ | (10,060 | ) | $ | (7,744 | ) | $ | (5,189 | ) | $ | (2,615 | ) | $ | (25,608 | ) |
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, net of taxes | 5,268 | - | - | - | 5,268 | ||||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net losses included in net income, net of taxes | 445 | - | - | - | 445 | ||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes (1) | - | (203 | ) | - | - | (203 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flow hedges, net of taxes (2) | - | - | 2,007 | - | 2,007 | ||||||||||
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes (3) | - | - | - | (846 | ) | (846 | ) | ||||||||
Change | $ | 5,713 | $ | (203 | ) | $ | 2,007 | $ | (846 | ) | $ | 6,671 | |||
Balance, December 31, 2009 (4) | $ | (4,347 | ) | $ | (7,947 | ) | $ | (3,182 | ) | $ | (3,461 | ) | $ | (18,937 | ) |
(1) | Reflects, among other items: the movements in the British pound, Euro, Japanese yen, Korean won, Polish zloty and Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar, and changes in related tax effects and hedges. | |
(2) | Primarily driven by Citigroup's pay fixed/receive floating interest rate swap programs that are hedging the floating rates on deposits and long-term debt. | |
(3) | Reflects adjustments to the funded status of pension and postretirement plans, which is the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the projected benefit obligation. | |
(4) | The December 31, 2009 balance of $(4.3) billion for net unrealized losses on investment securities consists of $(4.7) billion for those investments classified as held-to-maturity and $0.4 billion for those classified as available-for-sale. |
194
23. SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Overview
Citigroup and its subsidiaries are involved
with several types of off-balance-sheet arrangements, including special purpose
entities (SPEs). See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a
discussion of impending accounting changes to the accounting for transfers and
servicing of financial assets and Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,
including the elimination of Qualifying SPEs.
Uses of SPEs
An SPE is an entity designed to fulfill a
specific limited need of the company that organized
it.
The principal uses of SPEs are to obtain
liquidity and favorable capital treatment by securitizing certain of Citigroup's
financial assets, to assist clients in securitizing their financial assets, and
to create investment products for clients. SPEs may be organized in many legal
forms including trusts, partnerships or corporations. In a securitization, the
company transferring assets to an SPE converts those assets into cash before
they would have been realized in the normal course of business, through the
SPE's issuance of debt and equity instruments, certificates, commercial paper
and other notes of indebtedness, which are recorded on the balance sheet of the
SPE and not reflected on the transferring company's balance sheet, assuming
applicable accounting requirements are satisfied. Investors usually have
recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit
enhancements, such as a collateral account or over-collateralization in the form
of excess assets in the SPE, or from a liquidity facility, such as a line of
credit, liquidity put option or asset purchase agreement. The SPE can typically
obtain a more favorable credit rating from rating agencies than the transferor
could obtain for its own debt issuances, resulting in less expensive financing
costs. The SPE may also enter into derivative contracts in order to convert the
yield or currency of the underlying assets to match the needs of the SPE
investors or to limit or change the credit risk of the SPE. Citigroup may be the
provider of certain credit enhancements as well as the counterparty to any
related derivative
contracts.
SPEs may be Qualifying SPEs (QSPEs) or
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) or neither.
Qualifying SPEs
QSPEs are a special class of SPEs that have significant limitations on
the types of assets and derivative instruments they may own or enter into and
the types and extent of activities and decision-making they may engage in.
Generally, QSPEs are passive entities designed to purchase assets and pass
through the cash flows from those assets to the investors in the QSPE. QSPEs may
not actively manage their assets through discretionary sales and are generally
limited to making decisions inherent in servicing activities and issuance of
liabilities. QSPEs are generally exempt from consolidation by the transferor of
assets to the QSPE and any investor or counterparty.
Variable interest entities
VIEs are entities that have either a total
equity investment that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its
activities without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity
investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest (i.e.,
ability to make significant decisions through voting rights, right to receive
the expected residual returns of the entity and obligation to absorb the
expected losses of the entity). Investors that finance the VIE through debt or
equity interests or other counterparties that provide other forms of support,
such as guarantees, subordinated fee arrangements, or certain types of
derivative contracts, are variable interest holders in the entity. The variable
interest holder, if any, that will absorb a majority of the entity's expected
losses, receive a majority of the entity's expected residual returns, or both,
is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE.
Consolidation of a VIE is determined based primarily on variability generated in
scenarios that are considered most likely to occur, rather than based on
scenarios that are considered more remote. Certain variable interests may absorb
significant amounts of losses or residual returns contractually, but if those
scenarios are considered very unlikely to occur, they may not lead to
consolidation of the VIE.
All of these facts and circumstances are taken
into consideration when determining whether the Company has variable interests
that would deem it the primary beneficiary and, therefore, require consolidation
of the related VIE or otherwise rise to the level where disclosure would provide
useful information to the users of the Company's financial statements. In some
cases, it is qualitatively clear based on the extent of the Company's
involvement or the seniority of its investments that the Company is not the
primary beneficiary of the VIE. In other cases, a more detailed and quantitative
analysis is required to make such a
determination.
The Company generally considers the following
types of involvement to be significant:
In various other transactions, the Company may act as a derivative counterparty (for example, interest rate swap, cross-currency swap, or purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the SPE); may act as underwriter or placement agent; may provide administrative, trustee, or other services; or may make a market in debt securities or other instruments issued by VIEs. The Company generally considers such involvement, by itself, "not significant."
195
Citigroup's involvement with QSPEs and consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs with which the Company holds significant variable interests as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 is presented below:
In millions of dollars | As of December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum exposure to loss in significant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
unconsolidated VIEs | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funded exposures | (2) | Unfunded exposures | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
involvement | Significant | Guarantees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
with SPE | QSPE | Consolidated | unconsolidated | Debt | Equity | Funding | and | |||||||||||||||||||
assets | assets | VIE assets | VIE assets | (4) | investments | investments | commitments | derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||
Citicorp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card securitizations | $ | 78,833 | $ | 78,833 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Mortgage securitizations | 81,953 | 81,953 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Citi-administered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
asset-backed commercial paper conduits (ABCP) | 22,648 | - | - | 22,648 | 70 | - | 22,204 | 374 | ||||||||||||||||||
Third-party commercial paper conduits | 3,718 | - | - | 3,718 | - | - | 353 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized
debt | 2,785 | - | - | 2,785 | 21 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) | 5,409 | - | - | 5,409 | 120 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-based financing | 19,612 | - | 1,279 | 18,333 | 4,469 | 44 | 549 | 159 | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal securities tender | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
option bond | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
trusts (TOBs) | 19,455 | 705 | 9,623 | 9,127 | - | - | 6,304 | 537 | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal investments | 225 | - | 11 | 214 | 206 | 13 | 18 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Client intermediation | 8,607 | - | 2,749 | 5,858 | 881 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment funds | 93 | - | 39 | 54 | 9 | - | - | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Trust preferred securities | 19,345 | - | - | 19,345 | - | 128 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | 7,380 | 1,808 | 1,838 | 3,734 | 365 | - | 33 | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 270,063 | $ | 163,299 | $ | 15,539 | $ | 91,225 | $ | 6,141 | $ | 185 | $ | 29,461 | $ | 1,119 | ||||||||||
Citi Holdings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit card securitizations | $ | 42,274 | $ | 42,274 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Mortgage securitizations | 491,500 | 491,500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Student loan securitizations | 14,343 | 14,343 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Citi-administered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
asset-backed commercial paper conduits (ABCP) | 13,777 | - | 98 | 13,679 | - | - | 13,660 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||
Third-party commercial paper conduits | 5,776 | - | - | 5,776 | 187 | - | 252 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) | 24,157 | - | 7,614 | 16,543 | 930 | - | - | 228 | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) | 13,515 | - | 142 | 13,373 | 1,357 | - | 19 | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset-based financing | 52,598 | - | 370 | 52,228 | 17,006 | 68 | 1,311 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tender option | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
bond trusts (TOBs) | 1,999 | - | 1,999 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Municipal investments | 16,045 | - | 882 | 15,163 | 85 | 2,037 | 386 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Client intermediation | 675 | - | 230 | 445 | 43 | - | - | 353 | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment funds | 10,178 | - | 1,037 | 9,141 | - | 175 | 93 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | 3,732 | 610 | 1,472 | 1,650 | 235 | 112 | 257 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 690,569 | $ | 548,727 | $ | 13,844 | $ | 127,998 | $ | 19,843 | $ | 2,392 | $ | 15,978 | $ | 881 | ||||||||||
Total Citigroup | $ | 960,632 | $ | 712,026 | $ | 29,383 | $ | 219,223 | $ | 25,984 | $ | 2,577 | $ | 45,439 | $ | 2,000 |
(1) | The definition of maximum exposure to loss is included in the text that follows. | |
(2) | Included in Citigroup's December 31, 2009 Consolidated Balance Sheet. | |
(3) | Not included in Citigroup's December 31, 2009 Consolidated Balance Sheet. See "Future Applications of Accounting Standards" in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the impact of implementation of SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, which will cause the maximum exposure to loss in Significant unconsolidated VIEs to decrease significantly. | |
(4) | A significant unconsolidated VIE is an entity where the Company has any variable interest considered to be significant, regardless of the likelihood of loss or the notional amount of exposure. |
196
As of December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||
(continued) | In millions of dollars | As of December 31, 2008 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||
Total maximum exposure | Maximum exposure to | ||||||||||||||||||
to loss in significant | Total | Significant | loss in significant | ||||||||||||||||
unconsolidated VIEs | involvement | QSPE | Consolidated | unconsolidated VIE | unconsolidated | ||||||||||||||
(continued) | (3) | with SPEs | assets | VIE assets | assets | (2) | VIE assets | (3) | |||||||||||
$ | - | $ | 78,254 | $ | 78,254 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
- | 84,953 | 84,953 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
22,648 | 36,108 | - | - | 36,108 | 36,108 | ||||||||||||||
353 | 10,589 | - | - | 10,589 | 579 | ||||||||||||||
21 | 4,042 | - | - | 4,042 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
120 | 3,343 | - | - | 3,343 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
5,221 | 16,930 | - | 1,629 | 15,301 | 4,556 | ||||||||||||||
6,841 | 27,047 | 5,964 | 12,135 | 8,948 | 7,884 | ||||||||||||||
237 | 593 | - | - | 593 | 35 | ||||||||||||||
881 | 8,332 | - | 3,480 | 4,852 | 1,476 | ||||||||||||||
10 | 71 | - | 45 | 26 | 31 | ||||||||||||||
128 | 23,899 | - | - | 23,899 | 162 | ||||||||||||||
446 | 10,394 | 3,737 | 2,419 | 4,238 | 370 | ||||||||||||||
$ | 36,906 | $ | 304,555 | $ | 172,908 | $ | 19,708 | $ | 111,939 | $ | 51,215 | ||||||||
$ | - | $ | 45,613 | $ | 45,613 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
- | 586,410 | 586,407 | 3 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
- | 15,650 | 15,650 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
13,678 | 23,527 | - | - | 23,527 | 23,527 | ||||||||||||||
439 | 10,166 | - | - | 10,166 | 820 | ||||||||||||||
1,158 | 26,018 | - | 11,466 | 14,552 | 1,461 | ||||||||||||||
1,658 | 19,610 | - | 122 | 19,488 | 1,680 | ||||||||||||||
18,385 | 85,224 | - | 2,218 | 83,006 | 23,676 | ||||||||||||||
- | 3,024 | 540 | 2,484 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
2,508 | 16,545 | - | 866 | 15,679 | 2,915 | ||||||||||||||
396 | 1,132 | - | 331 | 801 | 61 | ||||||||||||||
268 | 10,330 | - | 2,084 | 8,246 | 158 | ||||||||||||||
604 | 9,472 | 1,014 | 4,306 | 4,152 | 892 | ||||||||||||||
$ | 39,094 | $ | 852,721 | $ | 649,224 | $ | 23,880 | $ | 179,617 | $ | 55,190 | ||||||||
$ | 76,000 | $ | 1,157,276 | $ | 822,132 | $ | 43,588 | $ | 291,556 | $ | 106,405 |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. | |
(2) | A significant unconsolidated VIE is an entity where the Company has any variable interest considered to be significant, regardless of the likelihood of loss or the notional amount of exposure. | |
(3) | The definition of maximum exposure to loss is included in the text that follows. |
197
This table does not include:
certain venture capital investments made by some of the Company's private equity subsidiaries, as the Company accounts for these investments in accordance with the Investment Company Audit Guide; certain limited partnerships where the Company is the general partner and the limited partners have the right to replace the general partner or liquidate the funds; certain investment funds for which the Company provides investment management services and personal estate trusts for which the Company provides administrative, trustee and/or investment management services; VIEs structured by third parties where the Company holds securities in inventory. These investments are made on arm's-length terms; and transferred assets to a VIE where the transfer did not qualify as a sale and where the Company did not have any other involvement that is deemed to be a variable interest with the VIE. These transfers are accounted for as secured borrowings by the Company.The asset balances for consolidated VIEs represent the carrying amounts of the assets consolidated by the Company. The carrying amount may represent the amortized cost or the current fair value of the assets depending on the legal form of the asset (e.g., security or loan) and the Company's standard accounting policies for the asset type and line of business.
Funding Commitments for Significant Unconsolidated VIEs-Liquidity
Facilities and Loan
Commitments
The following table presents the notional
amount of liquidity facilities and loan commitments that are classified as
funding commitments in the SPE table as of December 31,
2009:
The asset balances for unconsolidated VIEs where the Company has
significant involvement represent the most current information available to the
Company. In most cases, the asset balances represent an amortized cost basis
without regard to impairments in fair value, unless fair value information is
readily available to the Company. For VIEs that obtain asset exposures
synthetically through derivative instruments (for example, synthetic CDOs), the
table includes the full original notional amount of the derivative as an
asset.
The maximum funded exposure represents the balance sheet carrying amount
of the Company's investment in the VIE. It reflects the initial amount of cash
invested in the VIE plus any accrued interest and is adjusted for any
impairments in value recognized in earnings and any cash principal payments
received. The maximum exposure of unfunded positions represents the remaining
undrawn committed amount, including liquidity and credit facilities provided by
the Company, or the notional amount of a derivative instrument considered to be
a variable interest, adjusted for any declines in fair value recognized in
earnings. In certain transactions, the Company has entered into derivative
instruments or other arrangements that are not considered variable interests in
the VIE (e.g., interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, or where the Company
is the purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total
return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the
SPE). Receivables under such arrangements are not included in the maximum
exposure amounts.
In millions of dollars | Liquidity Facilities | Loan Commitments | ||||
Citicorp | ||||||
Citi-administered asset-backed commercial paper conduits (ABCP) | $ | 20,486 | $ | 1,718 | ||
Third-party commercial paper conduits | 353 | - | ||||
Asset-based financing | - | 549 | ||||
Municipal securities tender option bond trusts (TOBs) | 6,304 | - | ||||
Municipal investments | - | 18 | ||||
Other | 10 | 23 | ||||
Total Citicorp | $ | 27,153 | $ | 2,308 | ||
Citi Holdings | ||||||
Citi-administered asset-backed commercial paper conduits (ABCP) | $ | 11,978 | $ | 1,682 | ||
Third-party commercial paper conduits | 252 | - | ||||
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) | - | 19 | ||||
Asset-based financing | - | 1,311 | ||||
Municipal investments | - | 386 | ||||
Investment Funds | - | 93 | ||||
Other | - | 257 | ||||
Total Citi Holdings | $ | 12,230 | $ | 3,748 | ||
Total Citigroup funding commitments | $ | 39,383 | $ | 6,056 |
198
Citicorp's Consolidated VIEs-Balance Sheet
Classification
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classifications of
consolidated assets that are collateral for consolidated VIE obligations:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Cash | $ | - | $ | 0.7 | |
Trading account assets | 3.7 | 4.3 | |||
Investments | 9.8 | 12.5 | |||
Loans | 0.1 | 0.5 | |||
Other assets | 1.9 | 1.7 | |||
Total assets of consolidated VIEs | $ | 15.5 | $ | 19.7 |
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of the third-party liabilities of the consolidated VIEs:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Short-term borrowings | $ | 9.5 | $ | 14.2 | |
Long-term debt | 4.6 | 5.6 | |||
Other liabilities | 0.1 | 0.9 | |||
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs | $ | 14.2 | $ | 20.7 |
Citi Holdings' Consolidated VIEs-Balance Sheet Classification
The following
table presents the carrying amounts and classifications of consolidated assets
that are collateral for consolidated VIE obligations:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Cash | $ | 0.7 | $ | 1.2 | |
Trading account assets | 9.5 | 16.6 | |||
Investments | 2.7 | 3.3 | |||
Loans | 0.4 | 2.1 | |||
Other assets | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||
Total assets of consolidated VIEs | $ | 13.8 | $ | 23.9 |
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of the third-party liabilities of the consolidated VIEs:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Trading account liabilities | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.5 | |
Short-term borrowings | 2.6 | 2.8 | |||
Long-term debt | 0.3 | 1.2 | |||
Other liabilities | 1.3 | 2.1 | |||
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs | $ | 4.4 | $ | 6.6 |
The consolidated VIEs included in the tables above represent hundreds of separate entities with which the Company is involved. In general, the third-party investors in the obligations of consolidated VIEs have legal recourse only to the assets of the VIEs and do not have such recourse to the Company, except where the Company has provided a guarantee to the investors or is the counterparty to certain derivative transactions involving the VIE. In addition, the assets are generally restricted only to pay such liabilities. Thus, the Company's maximum legal exposure to loss related to consolidated VIEs is significantly less than the carrying value of the consolidated VIE assets due to outstanding third-party financing. Intercompany assets and liabilities are excluded from the table.
Citicorp's Significant Interests in Unconsolidated VIEs-Balance Sheet
Classification
The following tables present the carrying amounts and classification of
significant interests in unconsolidated VIEs:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Trading account assets | $ | 3.2 | $ | 1.9 | |
Investments | 0.2 | 0.2 | |||
Loans | 2.3 | 3.5 | |||
Other assets | 0.5 | 0.4 | |||
Total assets of significant | |||||
interests in unconsolidated VIEs | $ | 6.2 | $ | 6.0 | |
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Long-term debt | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.4 | |
Total liabilities of significant | |||||
interests in unconsolidated VIEs | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.4 |
Citi Holdings' Significant Interests in Unconsolidated VIEs-Balance Sheet Classification
The following tables present the carrying amounts and classification of significant interests in unconsolidated VIEs:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Trading account assets | $ | 3.1 | $ | 4.4 | |
Investments | 9.1 | 10.8 | |||
Loans | 10.5 | 12.4 | |||
Other assets | 0.1 | - | |||
Total assets of significant | |||||
interests in unconsolidated VIEs | $ | 22.8 | $ | 27.6 |
December 31, | December 31, | ||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
Trading account liabilities | $ | - | $ | 0.2 | |
Other liabilities | 0.4 | 0.6 | |||
Total liabilities of significant | |||||
interests in unconsolidated VIEs | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.8 |
199
Credit Card Securitizations
The Company securitizes credit card
receivables through trusts that are established to purchase the receivables.
Citigroup sells receivables into the QSPE trusts on a non-recourse basis. Credit
card securitizations are revolving securitizations; that is, as customers pay
their credit card balances, the cash proceeds are used to purchase new
receivables and replenish the receivables in the trust. The Company relies on
securitizations to fund a significant portion of its managed North America Cards
business.
The following table reflects amounts related to the Company's securitized credit card receivables:
Citicorp | Citi Holdings | ||||||||||
In billions of dollars at December 31 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Principal amount of credit card receivables in trusts | $ | 78.8 | $ | 78.3 | $ | 42.3 | $ | 45.7 | |||
Ownership interests in principal amount of trust credit card receivables | |||||||||||
Sold to investors via trust-issued securities | 66.5 | 68.2 | 28.2 | 30.0 | |||||||
Retained by Citigroup as trust-issued securities | 5.0 | 1.2 | 10.1 | 5.4 | |||||||
Retained by Citigroup via non-certificated interests recorded as consumer loans | 7.3 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 10.3 | |||||||
Total ownership interests in principal amount of trust credit card receivables | $ | 78.8 | $ | 78.3 | $ | 42.3 | $ | 45.7 | |||
Other amounts recorded on the balance sheet related to interests retained in the trusts | |||||||||||
Other retained interests in securitized assets | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1.2 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 2.0 | |||
Residual interest in securitized assets (1) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |||||||
Amounts payable to trusts | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
(1) | 2009 balances include net unbilled interest of $0.3 billion for Citicorp and $0.4 billion for Citi Holdings. December 31, 2008 balances included net unbilled interest of $0.3 billion for Citicorp and $0.3 billion for Citi Holdings. |
Credit Card Securitizations-Citicorp
In the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and
2007, the Company recorded net gains (losses) from securitization of Citicorp's
credit card receivables of $349 million, $(1,007) million and $416 million,
respectively. Net gains (losses) reflect the following:
The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to Citicorp's credit card securitizations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 16.3 | $ | 11.8 | $ | 19.3 | ||
Proceeds from collections reinvested in | ||||||||
new receivables | 144.4 | 165.6 | 176.7 | |||||
Contractual servicing fees received | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | |||||
Cash flows received on retained | ||||||||
interests and other net cash flows | 3.1 | 3.9 | 5.1 |
As of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the residual interest in securitized credit card receivables was valued at $0 for Citicorp. Considering the residual interest was written down to $0 at December 31, 2008, key assumptions used in measuring its fair value at the date of sale or securitization are not provided for 2009, but are provided for 2008. The below table reflects these assumptions:
2009 | 2008 | |||
Discount rate | N/A | 13.3% to 17.4 | % | |
Constant prepayment rate | N/A | 5.8% to 21.1 | % | |
Anticipated net credit losses | N/A | 4.7% to 7.4 | % |
At December 31, 2009, the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:
Other | ||||||||||
Residual | Retained | retained | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | interest | certificates | interests | |||||||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | - | $ | 5,008 | $ | 1,650 | ||||
Discount rates | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | - | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | ||
Adverse change of 20% | - | (8 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||
Constant prepayment rate | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Adverse change of 20% | - | - | - | |||||||
Anticipated net credit losses | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (35 | ) | |||
Adverse change of 20% | - | - | (69 | ) |
200
Managed
Loans-Citicorp
After
securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain
credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for
receivables transferred to the trusts. As a result, the Company considers the
securitized credit card receivables to be part of the business it
manages.
Managed-basis (Managed) presentations are non-GAAP financial measures.
Managed presentations include results from both the on-balance-sheet loans and
off-balance-sheet loans, and exclude the impact of card securitization activity.
Managed presentations assume that securitized loans have not been sold and
present the results of the securitized loans in the same manner as Citigroup's
owned loans. Citigroup's management believes that Managed presentations provide
a greater understanding of ongoing operations and enhance comparability of those
results in prior periods as well as demonstrating the effects of unusual gains
and charges in the current period. Management further believes that a meaningful
analysis of the Company's financial performance requires an understanding of the
factors underlying that performance and that investors find it useful to see
these non-GAAP financial measures to analyze financial performance without the
impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in Citigroup's underlying
performance.
The following tables present a reconciliation
between the Managed basis and on-balance-sheet credit card portfolios and the
related delinquencies (loans which are 90 days or more past due) and credit
losses, net of recoveries.
In millions of dollars, except | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
loans in billions | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Loan amounts, at period end | |||||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 44.0 | $ | 45.5 | |||||
Securitized amounts | 71.6 | 69.5 | |||||||
Total managed loans | $ | 115.6 | $ | 115.0 | |||||
Delinquencies, at period end | |||||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 1,146 | $ | 1,126 | |||||
Securitized amounts | 1,902 | 1,543 | |||||||
Total managed delinquencies | $ | 3,048 | $ | 2,669 | |||||
Credit losses, net | |||||||||
of recoveries, for the | |||||||||
years ended December 31, | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 3,841 | $ | 2,866 | $ | 1,921 | |||
Securitized amounts | 6,932 | 4,300 | 2,733 | ||||||
Total managed | $ | 10,773 | $ | 7,166 | $ | 4,654 |
Credit Card Securitizations-Citi Holdings
The Company recorded net gains (losses) from
securitization of Citi Holdings' credit card receivables of $(586) million,
$(527) million, and $668 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and
2007, respectively.
The following table summarizes selected cash
flow information related to Citi Holdings' credit card securitizations for the
years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 29.4 | $ | 16.9 | $ | 17.0 | ||
Proceeds from collections reinvested | ||||||||
in new receivables | 46.0 | 49.1 | 41.3 | |||||
Contractual servicing fees received | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |||||
Cash flows received on retained | ||||||||
interests and other net cash flows | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the residual interest at the date of sale or securitization of Citi Holdings' credit card receivables for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, are as follows:
December 31, | December 31, | |||
2009 | 2008 | |||
Discount rate | 19.7 | % | 16.8% to 20.9 | % |
Constant prepayment rate | 6.0% to 11.0 | % | 6.4% to 12.4 | % |
Anticipated net credit losses | 9.9% to 13.2 | % | 6.6% to 9.9 | % |
The constant prepayment rate assumption range reflects the projected
payment rates over the life of a credit card balance, excluding new card
purchases. This results in a high payment in the early life of the securitized
balances followed by a much lower payment rate, which is depicted in the
disclosed range.
The effect of two negative changes in each of
the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests is
required to be disclosed. The negative effect of each change must be calculated
independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key
assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous
adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the
individual effects shown below.
201
At December 31, 2009, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:
2009 | ||
Discount rate | 19.7 | % |
Constant prepayment rate | 6.2% to 10.8 | % |
Anticipated net credit losses | 13.0 | % |
Weighted average life | 11.6 months |
Other | ||||||||||
Residual | Retained | retained | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | interest | certificates | interests | |||||||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 786 | $ | 9,995 | $ | 2,024 | ||||
Discount rates | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (42 | ) | $ | (10 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (83 | ) | (20 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||
Constant prepayment rate | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (49 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | |||
Adverse change of 20% | (93 | ) | - | - | ||||||
Anticipated net credit losses | ||||||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (361 | ) | $ | - | $ | (48 | ) | ||
Adverse change of 20% | (715 | ) | - | (95 | ) |
Managed Loans-Citi
Holdings
After
securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain
credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for
receivables transferred to the trusts. As a result, the Company considers the
securitized credit card receivables to be part of the business it
manages.
Managed-basis (Managed) presentations are
non-GAAP financial measures. Managed presentations include results from both the
on-balance-sheet loans and off-balance-sheet loans, and exclude the impact of
card securitization activity. Managed presentations assume that securitized
loans have not been sold and present the results of the securitized loans in the
same manner as Citigroup's owned loans. Citigroup's management believes that
Managed presentations provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations and
enhance comparability of those results in prior periods as well as demonstrating
the effects of unusual gains and charges in the current period. Management
further believes that a meaningful analysis of the Company's financial
performance requires an understanding of the factors underlying that performance
and that investors find it useful to see these non-GAAP financial measures to
analyze financial performance without the impact of unusual items that may
obscure trends in Citigroup's underlying performance.
The following tables present a reconciliation between the Managed basis and on-balance-sheet credit card portfolios and the related delinquencies (loans which are 90 days or more past due) and credit losses, net of recoveries.
December 31, | December 31, | |||||
In millions of dollars, except loans in billions | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Loan amounts, at period end | ||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 27.0 | $ | 42.0 | ||
Securitized amounts | 38.8 | 36.4 | ||||
Total managed loans | $ | 65.8 | $ | 78.4 | ||
Delinquencies, at period end | ||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 1,250 | $ | 1,364 | ||
Securitized amounts | 1,326 | 1,112 | ||||
Total managed delinquencies | $ | 2,576 | $ | 2,476 |
Credit losses, net of recoveries, | |||||||||
for the year ended December 31, | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
On balance sheet | $ | 4,540 | $ | 3,052 | $ | 1,956 | |||
Securitized amounts | 4,590 | 3,107 | 1,995 | ||||||
Total managed credit losses | $ | 9,130 | $ | 6,159 | $ | 3,951 |
Funding, Liquidity Facilities and
Subordinated Interests
Citigroup securitizes credit card receivables through three
securitization trusts-Citibank Credit Card Master Trust ("Master Trust"), which
is part of Citicorp, and the Citibank OMNI Master Trust ("Omni Trust") and
Broadway Credit Card Trust ("Broadway Trust"), which are part of Citi
Holdings.
Master Trust issues fixed- and floating-rate
term notes as well as commercial paper. Some of the term notes are issued to
multi-seller commercial paper conduits. In 2009, the Master Trust has issued
$4.3 billion of notes that are eligible for the Term Asset-Backed Securities
Loan Facility (TALF) program, where investors can borrow from the Federal
Reserve using the trust securities as collateral. The weighted average maturity
of the term notes issued by the Master Trust was 3.6 years as of December 31,
2009 and 3.8 years as of December 31, 2008.
202
Master Trust liabilities
December 31, | December 31, | |||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Term notes issued to | ||||||
multi-seller CP conduits | $ | 0.8 | $ | 1.0 | ||
Term notes issued to other | ||||||
third parties | 51.2 | 56.2 | ||||
Term notes retained by | ||||||
Citigroup affiliates | 5.0 | 1.2 | ||||
Commercial paper | 14.5 | 11.0 | ||||
Total Master Trust | ||||||
liabilities | $ | 71.5 | $ | 69.4 |
Both Omni and Broadway Trusts issue fixed- and floating-rate term notes,
some of which are purchased by multi-seller commercial paper conduits. The Omni
Trust also issues commercial paper. From time to time, a portion of the Omni
Trust commercial paper has been purchased by the Federal Reserve's Commercial
Paper Funding Facility (CPFF). In addition, some of the multi-seller conduits
that hold Omni Trust term notes have placed commercial paper with CPFF. The
total amount of Omni Trust liabilities funded directly or indirectly through the
CPFF was $2.5 billion at December 31, 2009 and $6.9 billion at December 31,
2008.
The weighted average maturity of the third-party term notes issued by the
Omni Trust was 2.0 years as of December 31, 2009 and 0.5 years as of December
31, 2008. The weighted average maturity of the third-party term notes issued by
the Broadway Trust was 2.5 years as of December 31, 2009 and 3.3 years as of
December 31, 2008.
Omni Trust liabilities
December 31, | December 31, | |||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Term notes issued to multi- | ||||||
seller commercial paper | ||||||
conduits | $ | 13.1 | $ | 17.8 | ||
Term notes issued to other | ||||||
third parties | 9.2 | 2.3 | ||||
Term notes retained by | ||||||
Citigroup affiliates | 9.8 | 5.1 | ||||
Commercial paper | 4.4 | 8.5 | ||||
Total Omni Trust | ||||||
liabilities | $ | 36.5 | $ | 33.7 |
Broadway Trust liabilities
December 31, | December 31, | |||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Term notes issued to multi- | ||||||
seller commercial paper | ||||||
conduits | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.4 | ||
Term notes issued to other | ||||||
third parties | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Term notes retained by | ||||||
Citigroup affiliates | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
Total Broadway Trust | ||||||
liabilities | $ | 1.8 | $ | 1.7 |
203
Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. is the sole provider of full liquidity
facilities to the commercial paper programs of the Master and Omni Trusts. Both
of these facilities, which represent contractual obligations on the part of
Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. to provide liquidity for the issued commercial
paper, are made available on market terms to each of the trusts. The liquidity
facilities require Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. to purchase the commercial
paper issued by each trust at maturity, if the commercial paper does not roll
over, as long as there are available credit enhancements outstanding, typically
in the form of subordinated notes. The liquidity commitment related to the Omni
Trust commercial paper programs amounted to $4.4 billion at December 31, 2009
and $8.5 billion at December 31, 2008. The liquidity commitment related to the
Master Trust commercial paper program amounted to $14.5 billion at December 31,
2009 and $11.0 billion at December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2009 and
December 31, 2008, none of the Master Trust or Omni Trust liquidity commitments
were drawn.
In addition, Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.
provides liquidity to a third-party, non-consolidated multi-seller commercial
paper conduit, which is not a VIE. The commercial paper conduit has acquired
notes issued by the Omni Trust. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. provides the
liquidity facility on market terms. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. will be
required to act in its capacity as liquidity provider as long as there are
available credit enhancements outstanding and if: (1) the conduit is unable to
roll over its maturing commercial paper; or (2) Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.
loses its A-1/P-1 credit rating. The liquidity commitment to the third-party
conduit was $2.5 billion at December 31, 2009 and $3.6 billion at December 31,
2008. As of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, none of this liquidity
commitment was drawn.
During the first half of 2009, all three of
Citigroup's primary credit card securitization trusts-Master Trust, Omni Trust,
and Broadway Trust-had bonds placed on ratings watch with negative implications
by rating agencies. As a result of the ratings watch status, certain actions
were taken by Citi with respect to each of the trusts. In general, the actions
subordinated certain senior interests in the trust assets that were retained by
Citi, which effectively placed these interests below investor interests in terms
of priority of payment.
As a result of these actions, based on the
applicable regulatory capital rules, Citigroup began including the sold assets
for all three of the credit card securitization trusts in its risk-weighted
assets for purposes of calculating its risk-based capital ratios during 2009.
The increase in risk-weighted
assets occurred in the quarter during 2009 in which the respective actions took place. The effect of these changes increased Citigroup's risk-weighted assets by approximately $82 billion, and decreased Citigroup's Tier 1 Capital ratio by approximately 100 basis points each as of March 31, 2009, with respect to the Master and Omni Trusts. The inclusion of the Broadway Trust increased Citigroup's risk-weighted assets by an additional approximately $900 million at June 30, 2009. All bond ratings for each of the trusts have been affirmed by the rating agencies, and no downgrades have occurred as of December 31, 2009.
Mortgage
Securitizations
The Company provides a wide range of mortgage loan products to a diverse
customer base. In connection with the securitization of these loans, the
Company's U.S. Consumer mortgage business retains the servicing rights, which
entitles the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding
principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to
service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a
termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees. In
non-recourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Company is the cost of
temporary advances of funds. In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share
credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans, such as FNMA or FHLMC, or with
a private investor, insurer or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing occur
primarily when foreclosure sale proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted
mortgage loan are less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued
interest of the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying
property. The Company's mortgage loan securitizations are primarily
non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses
to the purchasers of the securities issued by the trust. Securities and Banking and Special Asset Pool retain servicing for a limited number of
their mortgage securitizations.
The Company's Consumer business provides a
wide range of mortgage loan products to its customers. Once originated, the
Company often securitizes these loans through the use of QSPEs. These QSPEs are
funded through the issuance of Trust Certificates backed solely by the
transferred assets. These certificates have the same average life as the
transferred assets. In addition to providing a source of liquidity and less
expensive funding, securitizing these assets also reduces the Company's credit
exposure to the borrowers. These mortgage loan securitizations are primarily
non-recourse. However, the Company generally retains the servicing rights and in
certain instances retains investment securities, interest-only strips and
residual interests in future cash flows from the trusts.
204
Mortgage
Securitizations-Citicorp
The following tables summarize selected cash
flow information related to mortgage securitizations for the years ended
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Agency- and | Agency- and | |||||||||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | non-agency- | non-agency- | |||||||||
sponsored | sponsored | sponsored | sponsored | |||||||||
In billions of dollars | mortgages | mortgages | mortgages | mortgages | ||||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 12.1 | $ | 3.6 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 40.1 | ||||
Contractual servicing fees received | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows | 0.1 | - | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored
mortgages during 2009 were $(2) million. For the year ended December 31, 2009,
gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of non-agency-sponsored
mortgages were $20 million.
Agency and non-agency securitization gains
(losses) for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $(15) million and
$145 million, respectively.
Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization of mortgage receivables for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows:
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | Agency- and non-agency- | |||||
sponsored mortgages | sponsored mortgages | sponsored mortgages | |||||
Discount rate | 0.6% to 46.9 | % | 0.4% to 52.2 | % | 5.1% to 39.4 | % | |
Constant prepayment rate | 0.5% to 60.3 | % | 2.0% to 31.3 | % | 2.0% to 18.2 | % | |
Anticipated net credit losses | - | 6.0% to 85.0 | % | 40.0% to 85.0 | % |
The range in the key assumptions for retained interests in Securities and Banking is due to the different characteristics of the interests retained by the
Company. The interests retained by Securities and Banking range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to
unrated and/or residual interests.
The effect of adverse changes of 10% and 20%
in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained
interests is disclosed below. The negative effect of each change is calculated
independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key
assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous
adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the
individual effects shown below.
At December 31, 2009, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:
December 31, 2009 | |||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | ||||
sponsored | sponsored | ||||
mortgages | mortgages | ||||
Discount rate | 0.8% to 46.9 | % | 1.4% to 39.2 | % | |
Constant prepayment rate | 0.5% to 60.3 | % | 3.0% to 30.7 | % | |
Anticipated net credit losses | N/A | 50.0% to 80.0 | % | ||
N/A Not applicable |
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | ||||||
sponsored | sponsored | ||||||
In millions of dollars | mortgages | mortgages | |||||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 651 | $ | 624 | |||
Discount rates | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (17 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (17 | ) | (33 | ) | |||
Constant prepayment rate | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (10 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (15 | ) | (6 | ) | |||
Anticipated net credit losses | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | - | $ | (32 | ) | ||
Adverse change of 20% | - | (60 | ) |
205
Mortgage Securitizations-Citi
Holdings
The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to
mortgage securitizations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Agency- and | Agency- and | |||||||||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | non-agency- | non-agency- | |||||||||
sponsored | sponsored | sponsored | sponsored | |||||||||
In billions of dollars | mortgages | mortgages | mortgages | mortgages | ||||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 70.1 | $ | - | $ | 81.7 | $ | 107.2 | ||||
Contractual servicing fees received | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | ||||||||
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
The Company did not recognize gains (losses) on the securitization of U.S. agency- and non-agency-sponsored mortgages in the year ended December 31, 2009. There were gains from the securitization of agency- and non-agency-sponsored mortgages of $73 million and $(27) million in the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization of mortgage receivables for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows:
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | Agency- and non-agency- | |||||
sponsored mortgages | sponsored mortgages | sponsored mortgages | |||||
Discount rate | 7.9% to 15.0 | % | N/A | 4.5% to 18.2 | % | ||
Constant prepayment rate | 2.8% to 18.2 | % | N/A | 3.6% to 32.9 | % | ||
Anticipated net credit losses | 0.0% to 0.1 | % | N/A | - | |||
N/A Not applicable |
The range in the key assumptions for retained interests in Special Asset Pool and Local Consumer Lending is due to the different characteristics of
the interests retained by the Company. The interests retained by Securities and Banking range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to
unrated and/or residual interests.
The effect of adverse changes of 10% and 20%
in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained
interests is disclosed below. The negative effect of each change is calculated
independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key
assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous
adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the
individual effects shown below.
At December 31, 2009, the key assumptions used
to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse
changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as
follows:
December 31, 2009 | |||||
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | ||||
sponsored | sponsored | ||||
mortgages | mortgages | ||||
Discount rate | 11.9 | % | 1.4% to 44.1 | % | |
Constant prepayment rate | 12.6 | % | 5.0% to 32.8 | % | |
Anticipated net credit losses | 0.1 | % | 0.3% to 70.0 | % | |
Weighted average life | 6.5 years | 0.1 to 9.4 years |
U.S. agency- | Non-agency- | ||||||
sponsored | sponsored | ||||||
In millions of dollars | mortgages | mortgages | |||||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 6,273 | $ | 992 | |||
Discount rates | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (227 | ) | $ | (38 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (439 | ) | (74 | ) | |||
Constant prepayment rate | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (322 | ) | $ | (41 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (622 | ) | (83 | ) | |||
Anticipated net credit losses | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (45 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (25 | ) | (88 | ) |
206
Mortgage
Servicing Rights
The fair value of capitalized mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) was $6.5
billion and $5.7 billion at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The MSRs
correspond to principal loan balances of $555 billion and $662 billion as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The following table summarizes the
changes in capitalized MSRs for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 5,657 | $ | 8,380 | |||
Originations | 1,035 | 1,311 | |||||
Purchases | - | 1 | |||||
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes | |||||||
in inputs and assumptions | 1,546 | (2,682 | ) | ||||
Transfer to Trading account assets | - | (163 | ) | ||||
Other changes (1) | (1,708 | ) | (1,190 | ) | |||
Balance, end of year | $ | 6,530 | $ | 5,657 |
(1) Represents changes due to customer payments and passage of time.
The market for MSRs is not sufficiently liquid to provide participants
with quoted market prices. Therefore, the Company uses an option-adjusted spread
valuation approach to determine the fair value of MSRs. This approach consists
of projecting servicing cash flows under multiple interest rate scenarios and
discounting these cash flows using risk-adjusted discount rates. The key
assumptions used in the valuation of MSRs include mortgage prepayment speeds and
discount rates. The model assumptions and the MSRs' fair value estimates are
compared to observable trades of similar MSR portfolios and interest-only
security portfolios, as available, as well as to MSR broker valuations and
industry surveys. The cash flow model and underlying prepayment and interest
rate models used to value these MSRs are subject to validation in accordance
with the Company's model validation
policies.
The fair value of the MSRs is primarily
affected by changes in prepayments that result from shifts in mortgage interest
rates. In managing this risk, the Company economically hedges a significant
portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative
contracts, forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed securities and
purchased securities classified as
trading.
The Company receives fees during the course of
servicing previously securitized mortgages. The amounts of these fees for the
years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Servicing fees | $ | 1,635 | $ | 2,121 | $ | 1,683 | |||
Late fees | 93 | 123 | 90 | ||||||
Ancillary fees | 77 | 81 | 61 | ||||||
Total MSR fees | $ | 1,805 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 1,834 |
These fees are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Commissions and fees .
Student Loan
Securitizations
Through the Company's Local Consumer Lending business within Citi
Holdings, the Company maintains programs to securitize certain portfolios of
student loan assets. Under these securitization programs, transactions
qualifying as sales are off-balance-sheet transactions in which the loans are
removed from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and sold to a
QSPE. These QSPEs are funded through the issuance of pass-through term notes
collateralized solely by the trust assets. For these off-balance-sheet
securitizations, the Company generally retains interests in the form of
subordinated residual interests (i.e., interest-only strips) and servicing
rights.
Under terms of the trust arrangements, the Company has no obligations to
provide financial support and has not provided such support. A substantial
portion of the credit risk associated with the securitized loans has been
transferred to third-party guarantors or insurers either under the Federal
Family Education Loan Program, authorized by the U.S. Department of Education
under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, or private credit
insurance.
The following tables summarize selected cash
flow information related to student loan securitizations for the years ended
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | - | $ | 2.0 | $ | 2.9 | |||
Contractual servicing fees received | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||
Cash flows received on retained interests and | |||||||||
other net cash flows | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
The Company did not recognize any gains or losses during 2009. The
Company recognized a gain of $1 million during the year ended December 31, 2008
and $71 million during the year ended December 31,
2007.
Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the residual interest
at the date of sale or securitization of Citi Holdings' student loan receivables
for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, are as follows:
2009 | 2008 | ||||
Discount rate | N/A | 10.6 | % | ||
Constant prepayment rate | N/A | 9.0 | % | ||
Anticipated net credit losses | N/A | 0.5 | % | ||
N/A Not applicable |
207
At December 31, 2009, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:
Retained interests | |||
Discount rate | 5.4% to 16.9 | % | |
Constant prepayment rate | 0.2% to 4.4 | % | |
Anticipated net credit losses | 0.3% to 0.9 | % | |
Weighted average life | 4.2 to 10.3 years |
In millions of dollars | Retained interests | |||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 997 | ||
Discount rates | ||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (29 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (57 | ) | ||
Constant prepayment rate | ||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (4 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (8 | ) | ||
Anticipated net credit losses | ||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (5 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (10 | ) |
On-Balance-Sheet Securitizations-Citi
Holdings
The
Company engages in on-balance-sheet securitizations. These are securitizations
that do not qualify for sales treatment; thus, the assets remain on the
Company's balance sheet. The following table presents the carrying amounts and
classification of consolidated assets and liabilities transferred in
transactions from the Consumer credit card, student loan, mortgage and auto
businesses, accounted for as secured borrowings:
December 31, | December 31, | ||||||
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Cash | $ | 0.7 | $ | 0.3 | |||
Available-for-sale securities | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||
Loans | 24.8 | 7.5 | |||||
Allowance for loan losses | (0.2 | ) | (0.1 | ) | |||
Other | 0.8 | - | |||||
Total assets | $ | 26.2 | $ | 7.8 | |||
Long-term debt | $ | 20.9 | $ | 6.3 | |||
Other liabilities | 2.1 | 0.3 | |||||
Total liabilities | $ | 23.0 | $ | 6.6 |
All assets are restricted from being sold or pledged as collateral. The cash flows from these assets are the only source used to pay down the associated liabilities, which are non-recourse to the Company's general assets.
Citi-Administered Asset-Backed Commercial
Paper Conduits
The Company is active in the asset-backed commercial paper conduit
business as administrator of several multi-seller commercial paper conduits, and
also as a service provider to single-seller and other commercial paper conduits
sponsored by third parties.
The multi-seller commercial paper conduits are
designed to provide the Company's customers access to low-cost funding in the
commercial paper markets. The conduits purchase assets from or provide financing
facilities to customers and are funded by issuing commercial paper to
third-party investors. The conduits generally do not purchase assets originated
by the Company. The funding of the conduit is facilitated by the liquidity
support and credit enhancements provided by the
Company.
As administrator to the conduits, the Company
is responsible for selecting and structuring assets purchased or financed by the
conduits, making decisions regarding the funding of the conduits, including
determining the tenor and other features of the commercial paper issued,
monitoring the quality and performance of the conduits' assets, and facilitating
the operations and cash flows of the conduits. In return, the Company earns
structuring fees from customers for individual transactions and earns an
administration fee from the conduit, which is equal to the income from client
program and liquidity fees of the conduit after payment of interest costs and
other fees. This administration fee is fairly stable, since most risks and
rewards of the underlying assets are passed back to the customers and, once the
asset pricing is negotiated, most ongoing income, costs and fees are relatively
stable as a percentage of the conduit's
size.
The conduits administered by the Company do not generally invest in
liquid securities that are formally rated by third parties. The assets are
privately negotiated and structured transactions that are designed to be held by
the conduit, rather than actively traded and sold. The yield earned by the
conduit on each asset is generally tied to the rate on the commercial paper
issued by the conduit, thus passing interest rate risk to the client. Each asset
purchased by the conduit is structured with transaction-specific credit
enhancement features provided by the third-party seller, including over
collateralization, cash and excess spread collateral accounts, direct recourse
or third-party guarantees. These credit enhancements are sized with the
objective of approximating a credit rating of A or above, based on the Company's
internal risk ratings.
Substantially all of the funding of the
conduits is in the form of short-term commercial paper, with a weighted average
life generally ranging from 30 to 45 days. As of December 31, 2009 and December
31, 2008, the weighted average life of the commercial paper issued was
approximately 43 days and 37 days, respectively. In addition, the conduits have
issued subordinate loss notes and equity with a notional amount of approximately
$76 million and varying remaining tenors ranging from six months to six
years.
208
The primary credit enhancement provided to the conduit investors is in the form of transaction-specific credit enhancement described above. In addition, there are generally two additional forms of credit enhancement that protect the commercial paper investors from defaulting assets. First, the subordinate loss notes issued by each conduit absorb any credit losses up to their full notional amount. It is expected that the subordinate loss notes issued by each unconsolidated conduit are sufficient to absorb a majority of the expected losses from each conduit, thereby making the single investor in the subordinate loss note the primary beneficiary. Second, each conduit has obtained a letter of credit from the Company, which is generally 8–10% of the conduit's assets. The letters of credit provided by the Company total approximately $3.4 billion and are included in the Company's maximum exposure to loss. The net result across all multi-seller conduits administered by the Company is that, in the event defaulted assets exceed the transaction-specific credit enhancement described above, any losses in each conduit are allocated in the following order:
subordinate loss note holders, the Company, and the commercial paper investors. The Company also provides the conduits with two forms of liquidity
agreements that are used to provide funding to the conduits in the event of a
market disruption, among other events. Each asset of the conduit is supported by
a transaction-specific liquidity facility in the form of an asset purchase
agreement (APA). Under the APA, the Company has agreed to purchase non-defaulted
eligible receivables from the conduit at par. Any assets purchased under the APA
are subject to increased pricing. The APA is not designed to provide credit
support to the conduit, as it generally does not permit the purchase of
defaulted or impaired assets and generally reprices the assets purchased to
consider potential increased credit risk. The APA covers all assets in the
conduits and is considered in the Company's maximum exposure to loss. In
addition, the Company provides the conduits with program-wide liquidity in the
form of short-term lending commitments. Under these commitments, the Company has
agreed to lend to the conduits in the event of a short-term disruption in the
commercial paper market, subject to specified conditions. The total notional
exposure under the program-wide liquidity agreement is $11.3 billion and is
considered in the Company's maximum exposure to loss. The Company receives fees
for providing both types of liquidity agreement and considers these fees to be
on fair market terms.
Finally, the Company is one of several named
dealers in the commercial paper issued by the conduits and earns a market-based
fee for providing such services. Along with third-party dealers, the Company
makes a market in the commercial paper and may from time to time fund commercial
paper pending sale to a third party. On specific dates with less liquidity in
the market, the Company may hold in inventory commercial paper issued by
conduits administered by
the Company, as well as conduits administered by third parties. The amount of
commercial paper issued by its administered conduits held in inventory
fluctuates based on market conditions and activity. As of December 31, 2009, the
Company owned $70 million of the commercial paper issued by its administered
conduits.
The Company is required to analyze the
expected variability of the conduit quantitatively to determine whether the
Company is the primary beneficiary of the conduit. The Company performs this
analysis on a quarterly basis. For conduits where the subordinate loss notes or
third-party guarantees are sufficient to absorb a majority of the expected loss
of the conduit, the Company does not consolidate. In circumstances where the
subordinate loss notes or third-party guarantees are insufficient to absorb a
majority of the expected loss, the Company consolidates the conduit as its
primary beneficiary due to the additional credit enhancement provided by the
Company. In conducting this analysis, the Company considers three primary
sources of variability in the conduit: credit risk, interest rate risk and fee
variability.
The Company models the credit risk of the
conduit's assets using a Credit Value at Risk (C-VAR) model. The C-VAR model
considers changes in credit spreads (both within a rating class as well as due
to rating upgrades and downgrades), name-specific changes in credit spreads,
credit defaults and recovery rates and diversification effects of pools of
financial assets. The model incorporates data from independent rating agencies
as well as the Company's own proprietary information regarding spread changes,
ratings transitions and losses given default. Using this credit data, a Monte
Carlo simulation is performed to develop a distribution of credit risk for the
portfolio of assets owned by each conduit, which is then applied on a
probability-weighted basis to determine expected losses due to credit risk. In
addition, the Company continuously monitors the specific credit characteristics
of the conduit's assets and the current credit environment to confirm that the
C-VAR model used continues to incorporate the Company's best information
regarding the expected credit risk of the conduit's
assets.
The Company also analyzes the variability in the fees that it earns from
the conduit using monthly actual historical cash flow data to determine average
fee and standard deviation measures for each conduit. Because any unhedged
interest rate and foreign-currency risk not contractually passed on to customers
is absorbed by the fees earned by the Company, the fee variability analysis
incorporates those risks.
The fee variability and credit risk
variability are then combined into a single distribution of the conduit's
overall returns. This return distribution is updated and analyzed on at least a
quarterly basis to ensure that the amount of the subordinate loss notes issued
to third parties is sufficient to absorb greater than 50% of the total expected
variability in the conduit's returns. The expected variability absorbed by the
subordinate loss note investors is therefore measured to be greater than the
expected variability absorbed by the Company through its liquidity arrangements
and other fees earned, and the
209
investors in commercial paper and medium-term notes. While the notional amounts of the subordinate loss notes are quantitatively small compared to the size of the conduits, this is reflective of the fact that most of the substantive risks of the conduits are absorbed by the enhancements provided by the sellers (customers) and other third parties that provide transaction-level credit enhancement. Because these risks and related enhancements are generally required to be excluded from the analysis, the remaining risks and expected variability are quantitatively small. The calculation of variability focuses primarily on expected variability, rather than the risks associated with extreme outcomes (for example, large levels of default) that are expected to occur very infrequently. So while the subordinate loss notes are sized appropriately compared to expected losses, they do not provide significant protection against extreme or unusual credit losses. Where such credit losses occur or become expected to occur, the Company would consolidate the conduit due to the additional credit enhancement provided by the Company.
Third-Party Commercial Paper
Conduits
The Company also provides liquidity facilities to single- and
multi-seller conduits sponsored by third parties. These conduits are
independently owned and managed and invest in a variety of asset classes,
depending on the nature of the conduit. The facilities provided by the Company
typically represent a small portion of the total liquidity facilities obtained
by each conduit, and are collateralized by the assets of each conduit. As of
December 31, 2009, the notional amount of these facilities was approximately
$792 million, and $187 million was funded under these facilities.
Collateralized Debt and Loan
Obligations
A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is an SPE that purchases a pool of
assets consisting of asset-backed securities and synthetic exposures through
derivatives on asset-backed securities and issues multiple tranches of equity
and notes to investors. A third-party manager is typically retained by the CDO
to select the pool of assets and manage those assets over the term of the CDO.
The Company earns fees for warehousing assets prior to the creation of a CDO,
structuring CDOs and placing debt securities with investors. In addition, the
Company has retained interests in many of the CDOs it has structured and makes a
market in those issued notes.
A cash CDO, or arbitrage CDO, is a CDO
designed to take advantage of the difference between the yield on a portfolio of
selected assets, typically residential mortgage-backed securities, and the cost
of funding the CDO through the sale of notes to investors. "Cash flow" CDOs are
vehicles in which the CDO passes on cash flows from a pool of assets, while
"market value" CDOs pay to investors the market value of the pool of assets
owned by the CDO at maturity. Both types of CDOs are typically managed by a
third-party asset manager. In these transactions, all of the equity and notes
issued by the CDO are funded, as the cash is needed to purchase the debt
securities. In a typical cash CDO, a third-party investment manager selects a
portfolio of assets,
which the Company funds through a warehouse financing arrangement prior to the
creation of the CDO. The Company then sells the debt securities to the CDO in
exchange for cash raised through the issuance of notes. The Company's continuing
involvement in cash CDOs is typically limited to investing in a portion of the
notes or loans issued by the CDO and making a market in those securities, and
acting as derivative counterparty for interest rate or foreign currency swaps
used in the structuring of the
CDO.
A synthetic CDO is similar to a cash CDO, except that the CDO obtains
exposure to all or a portion of the referenced assets synthetically through
derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps. Because the CDO does not
need to raise cash sufficient to purchase the entire referenced portfolio, a
substantial portion of the senior tranches of risk is typically passed on to CDO
investors in the form of unfunded liabilities or derivative instruments. Thus,
the CDO writes credit protection on select referenced debt securities to the
Company or third parties and the risk is then passed on to the CDO investors in
the form of funded notes or purchased credit protection through derivative
instruments. Any cash raised from investors is invested in a portfolio of
collateral securities or investment contracts. The collateral is then used to
support the CDO's obligations on the credit default swaps written to
counterparties. The Company's continuing involvement in synthetic CDOs generally
includes purchasing credit protection through credit default swaps with the CDO,
owning a portion of the capital structure of the CDO in the form of both
unfunded derivative positions (primarily super-senior exposures discussed below)
and funded notes, entering into interest-rate swap and total-return swap
transactions with the CDO, lending to the CDO, and making a market in those
funded notes.
A collateralized loan obligation (CLO) is
substantially similar to the CDO transactions described above, except that the
assets owned by the SPE (either cash instruments or synthetic exposures through
derivative instruments) are corporate loans and to a lesser extent corporate
bonds, rather than asset-backed debt securities.
Consolidation
The Company has retained significant portions
of the "super-senior" positions issued by certain CDOs. These positions are
referred to as "super-senior" because they represent the most senior positions
in the CDO and, at the time of structuring, were senior to tranches rated AAA by
independent rating agencies. These positions include facilities structured in
the form of short-term commercial paper, where the Company wrote put options
("liquidity puts") to certain CDOs. Under the terms of the liquidity puts, if
the CDO was unable to issue commercial paper at a rate below a specified maximum
(generally LIBOR + 35 bps to LIBOR + 40 bps), the Company was obligated to fund
the senior tranche of the CDO at a specified interest rate. As of December 31,
2009, the Company had purchased all $25 billion of the commercial paper subject
to these liquidity puts.
210
Since inception of many CDO transactions, the subordinate tranches of the
CDOs have diminished significantly in value and in rating. The declines in value
of the subordinate tranches and in the super senior tranches indicate that the
super-senior tranches are now exposed to a significant portion of the expected
losses of the CDOs, based on current market assumptions. The Company evaluates
these transactions for consolidation when reconsideration events
occur.
Upon a reconsideration event, the Company is at risk for consolidation
only if the Company owns a majority of either a single tranche or a group of
tranches that absorb the remaining risk of the CDO. Due to reconsideration
events during 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Company has consolidated 24 of
the 39 CDOs/CLOs in which the Company holds a majority of the senior
interests of the transaction.
The Company continues to monitor its
involvement in unconsolidated VIEs and if the Company were to acquire additional
interests in these vehicles or if the CDOs' contractual arrangements were to be
changed to reallocate expected losses or residual returns among the various
interest holders, the Company may be required to consolidate the CDOs. For cash
CDOs, the net result of such consolidation would be to gross up the Company's
balance sheet by the current fair value of the subordinate securities held by
third parties, which amounts are not considered material. For synthetic CDOs,
the net result of such consolidation may reduce the Company's balance sheet by
eliminating intercompany derivative receivables and payables in
consolidation.
Key
Assumptions and Retained Interests-Citi Holdings
The key assumptions, used for the
securitization of CDOs and CLOs during the year ended December 31, 2009, in
measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or
securitization are as follows:
CDOs | CLOs | ||||
Discount rate | 36.4% to 47.2 | % | 4.3% to 6.3 | % |
The effect of two negative changes in discount rates used to determine the fair value of retained interests is disclosed below.
In millions of dollars | CDOs | CLOs | |||||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 186 | $ | 714 | |||
Discount rates | |||||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | (25 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | |
Adverse change of 20% | (47 | ) | (22 | ) |
Asset-Based
Financing-Citicorp
The Company provides loans and other forms of
financing to VIEs that hold assets. Those loans are subject to the same credit
approvals as all other loans originated or purchased by the Company. Financings
in the form of debt securities or derivatives are, in most circumstances,
reported in Trading account assets and accounted for at fair value through
earnings.
The primary types of Citicorp's asset-based financing, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at December 31, 2009 are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.
Total | Maximum | |||||
In billions of dollars | assets | exposure | ||||
Type | ||||||
Commercial and other real estate | $ | 0.5 | $ | - | ||
Hedge funds and equities | 5.9 | 3.1 | ||||
Airplanes, ships and other assets | 11.9 | 2.1 | ||||
Total | $ | 18.3 | $ | 5.2 |
Asset-Based Financing-Citi
Holdings
The Company provides loans and other forms of financing to VIEs that hold
assets. Those loans are subject to the same credit approvals as all other loans
originated or purchased by the Company. Financings in the form of debt
securities or derivatives are, in most circumstances, reported in Trading account assets and accounted for at fair value through earnings.
The primary types of Citi Holdings' asset-based financing, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at December 31, 2009 are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.
Total | Maximum | |||||
In billions of dollars | assets | exposure | ||||
Type | ||||||
Commercial and other real estate | $ | 36.1 | $ | 7.5 | ||
Hedge funds and equities | 2.2 | 0.8 | ||||
Corporate loans | 8.2 | 7.0 | ||||
Airplanes, ships and other assets | 5.7 | 3.1 | ||||
Total | $ | 52.2 | $ | 18.4 |
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The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to asset-based financing for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Cash flows received on retained interests | |||||||||
and other net cash flows | $ | 2.7 | $ | 1.7 | $ | - |
The effect of two negative changes in discount rates used to determine the fair value of retained interests is disclosed below.
Asset-based | ||||
In millions of dollars | financing | |||
Carrying value of retained interests | $ | 6,981 | ||
Value of underlying portfolio | ||||
Adverse change of 10% | $ | - | ||
Adverse change of 20% | (265 | ) |
Municipal Securities Tender Option Bond
(TOB) Trusts
The Company sponsors TOB trusts that hold fixed- and floating-rate,
tax-exempt securities issued by state or local municipalities. The trusts are
typically single-issuer trusts whose assets are purchased from the Company and
from the secondary market. The trusts issue long-term senior floating rate notes
(Floaters) and junior residual securities (Residuals). The Floaters have a
long-term rating based on the long-term rating of the underlying municipal bond
and a short-term rating based on that of the liquidity provider to the trust.
The Residuals are generally rated based on the long-term rating of the
underlying municipal bond and entitle the holder to the residual cash flows from
the issuing trust.
The Company sponsors three kinds of TOB
trusts: customer TOB trusts, proprietary TOB trusts and QSPE TOB
trusts.
Credit rating distribution is based on the external rating of the
municipal bonds within the TOB trusts, including any credit enhancement provided
by monoline insurance companies or the Company in the primary or secondary
markets, as discussed below. The total assets for proprietary TOB Trusts
(consolidated and non-consolidated) includes $0.7 billion of assets where the
Residuals are held by a hedge fund that is consolidated and managed by the
Company.
The TOB trusts fund the purchase of their
assets by issuing Floaters along with Residuals, which are frequently less than
1% of a trust's total funding. The tenor of the Floaters matches the maturity of
the TOB trust and is equal to or shorter than the tenor of the municipal bond
held by the trust, and the Floaters bear interest rates that are typically reset
weekly to a new market rate (based on the SIFMA index). Floater holders have an
option to tender the Floaters they hold back to the trust periodically. Customer
TOB trusts issue the Floaters and Residuals to third parties. Proprietary and
QSPE TOB trusts issue the Floaters to third parties and the Residuals are held
by the Company.
Approximately $2.2 billion of the municipal
bonds owned by TOB trusts have an additional credit guarantee provided by the
Company. In all other cases, the assets are either unenhanced or are insured
with a monoline insurance provider in the primary market or in the secondary
market. While the trusts have not encountered any adverse credit events as
defined in the underlying trust agreements, certain monoline insurance companies
have experienced downgrades. In these cases, the Company has proactively managed
the TOB programs by applying additional secondary market insurance on the assets
or proceeding with orderly unwinds of the
trusts.
The Company, in its capacity as remarketing agent, facilitates the sale
of the Floaters to third parties at inception of the trust and facilitates the
reset of the Floater coupon and tenders of Floaters. If Floaters are tendered
and the Company (in its role as remarketing agent) is unable to find a new
investor within a specified period of time, it can declare a failed remarketing
(in which case the trust is unwound) or may choose to buy the Floaters into its
own inventory and may continue to try to sell it to a third-party investor.
While the level of the Company's inventory of Floaters fluctuates, the Company
held none of the Floater inventory related to the customer, proprietary and QSPE
TOB programs as of December 31,
2009.
If a trust is unwound early due to an event other than a credit event on
the underlying municipal bond, the underlying municipal bond is sold in the
secondary market. If there is an accompanying shortfall in the trust's cash
flows to fund the redemption of the Floaters after the sale of the underlying
municipal bond, the trust draws on a liquidity agreement in an amount equal to
the shortfall. Liquidity agreements are generally provided to the trust directly
by the Company. For customer TOBs where the Residual is less than 25% of the
trust's capital structure, the Company
212
has a reimbursement
agreement with the Residual holder under which the Residual holder reimburses
the Company for any payment made under the liquidity arrangement. Through this
reimbursement agreement, the Residual holder remains economically exposed to
fluctuations in value of the municipal bond. These reimbursement agreements are
actively margined based on changes in value of the underlying municipal bond to
mitigate the Company's counterparty credit risk. In cases where a third party
provides liquidity to a proprietary or QSPE TOB trust, a similar reimbursement
arrangement is made whereby the Company (or a consolidated subsidiary of the
Company) as Residual holder absorbs any losses incurred by the liquidity
provider. As of December 31, 2009, liquidity agreements provided with respect to
customer TOB trusts totaled $6.2 billion, offset by reimbursement agreements in
place with a notional amount of $4.6 billion. The remaining exposure relates to
TOB transactions where the Residual owned by the customer is at least 25% of the
bond value at the inception of the transaction. In addition, the Company has
provided liquidity arrangements with a notional amount of $0.2 billion to QSPE
TOB trusts and other non-consolidated proprietary TOB trusts described
above.
The Company considers the customer and proprietary TOB trusts (excluding
QSPE TOB trusts) to be VIEs. Because third-party investors hold the Residual and
Floater interests in the customer TOB trusts, the Company's involvement and
variable interests include only its role as remarketing agent and liquidity
provider. On the basis of the variability absorbed by the customer through the
reimbursement arrangement or significant residual investment, the Company does
not consolidate the Customer TOB trusts. The Company's variable interests in the
Proprietary TOB trusts include the Residual as well as the remarketing and
liquidity agreements with the trusts. On the basis of the variability absorbed
through these contracts (primarily the Residual), the Company generally
consolidates the Proprietary TOB trusts. Finally, certain proprietary TOB trusts
and QSPE TOB trusts are not consolidated by application of specific accounting
literature. For the nonconsolidated proprietary TOB trusts and QSPE TOB trusts,
the Company recognizes only its residual investment on its balance sheet at fair
value and the third-party financing raised by the trusts is off balance
sheet.
The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to
Citicorp's municipal bond securitizations for the years ended December 31, 2009,
2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 0.3 | $ | 1.2 | $ | 10.5 | |||
Cash flows received on retained | |||||||||
interests and other net cash flows | 0.7 | 0.5 | - |
The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to Citi Holdings' municipal bond securitizations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007:
In billions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | - | $ | 0.1 | $ | - | |||
Cash flows received on retained | |||||||||
interests and other net cash flows | - | - | - |
Municipal
Investments
Municipal investment transactions represent partnerships that finance the
construction and rehabilitation of low-income affordable rental housing. The
Company generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a
return primarily through the receipt of tax credits earned from the affordable
housing investments made by the partnership.
Client
Intermediation
Client intermediation transactions represent a range of transactions
designed to provide investors with specified returns based on the returns of an
underlying security, referenced asset or index. These transactions include
credit-linked notes and equity-linked notes. In these transactions, the SPE
typically obtains exposure to the underlying security, referenced asset or index
through a derivative instrument, such as a total-return swap or a credit-default
swap. In turn the SPE issues notes to investors that pay a return based on the
specified underlying security, referenced asset or index. The SPE invests the
proceeds in a financial asset or a guaranteed insurance contract (GIC) that
serves as collateral for the derivative contract over the term of the
transaction. The Company's involvement in these transactions includes being the
counterparty to the SPE's derivative instruments and investing in a portion of
the notes issued by the SPE. In certain transactions, the investor's maximum
risk of loss is limited and the Company absorbs risk of loss above a specified
level.
The Company's maximum risk of loss in these transactions is defined as
the amount invested in notes issued by the SPE and the notional amount of any
risk of loss absorbed by the Company through a separate instrument issued by the
SPE. The derivative instrument held by the Company may generate a receivable
from the SPE (for example, where the Company purchases credit protection from
the SPE in connection with the SPE's issuance of a credit-linked note), which is
collateralized by the assets owned by the SPE. These derivative instruments are
not considered variable interests and any associated receivables are not
included in the calculation of maximum exposure to the SPE.
213
Structured Investment
Vehicles
Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs) are SPEs that issue junior notes
and senior debt (medium-term notes and short-term commercial paper) to fund the
purchase of high quality assets. The Company acts as manager for the
SIVs.
In order to complete the wind-down of the
SIVs, the Company purchased the remaining assets of the SIVs in November 2008.
The Company funded the purchase of the SIV assets by assuming the obligation to
pay amounts due under the medium-term notes issued by the SIVs, as the
medium-term notes mature.
Investment
Funds
The
Company is the investment manager for certain investment funds that invest in
various asset classes including private equity, hedge funds, real estate, fixed
income and infrastructure. The Company earns a management fee, which is a
percentage of capital under management, and may earn performance fees. In
addition, for some of these funds the Company has an ownership interest in the
investment funds.
The Company has also established a number of
investment funds as opportunities for qualified employees to invest in private
equity investments. The Company acts as investment manager to these funds and
may provide employees with financing on both recourse and non-recourse bases for
a portion of the employees' investment commitments.
Trust Preferred
Securities
The Company has raised financing through the issuance of trust preferred
securities. In these transactions, the Company forms a statutory business trust
and owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust. The trust issues
preferred equity securities to third-party investors and invests the gross
proceeds in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the
Company. These trusts have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other
than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the
preferred equity securities held by third-party investors. These trusts'
obligations are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the
Company.
Because the sole asset of the trust is a
receivable from the Company and the proceeds to the Company from the receivable
exceed the Company's investment in the VIE's equity shares, the Company is not
permitted to consolidate the trusts, even though the Company owns all of the
voting equity shares of the trust, has fully guaranteed the trusts' obligations,
and has the right to redeem the preferred securities in certain circumstances.
The Company recognizes the subordinated debentures on its balance sheet as
long-term liabilities.
214
24. DERIVATIVES
ACTIVITIES
In the
ordinary course of business, Citigroup enters into various types of derivative
transactions. These derivative transactions include:
Citigroup enters into these derivative contracts relating to interest rate, foreign currency, commodity, and other market/credit risks for the following reasons:
Trading Purposes-Customer Needs: Citigroup offers its customers derivatives in connection with their risk-management actions to transfer, modify or reduce their interest rate, foreign exchange and other market/ credit risks or for their own trading purposes. As part of this process, Citigroup considers the customers' suitability for the risk involved and the business purpose for the transaction. Citigroup also manages its derivative-risk positions through offsetting trade activities, controls focused on price verification, and daily reporting of positions to senior managers. Trading Purposes-Own Account: Citigroup trades derivatives for its own account and as an active market maker. Trading limits and price verification controls are key aspects of this activity. Hedging: Citigroup uses derivatives in connection with its risk-management activities to hedge certain risks or reposition the risk profile of the Company. For example, Citigroup may issue fixed-rate long-term debt and then enter into a receive-fixed, pay-variable-rate interest rate swap with the same tenor and notional amount to convert the interest payments to a net variable-rate basis. This strategy is the most common form of an interest rate hedge, as it minimizes interest cost in certain yield curve environments. Derivatives are also used to manage risks inherent in specific groups of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities, including investments, corporate and consumer loans, deposit liabilities, as well as other interest-sensitive assets and liabilities. In addition, foreign-exchange contracts are used to hedge non-U.S.-dollar-denominated debt, foreign-currency-denominated available-for-sale securities, net capital exposures and foreign-exchange transactions. Derivatives may expose Citigroup to market, credit or liquidity risks in
excess of the amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Market risk on
a derivative product is the exposure created by potential fluctuations in
interest rates, foreign-exchange rates and other factors and is a function of
the type of product, the volume of transactions, the tenor and terms of the
agreement, and the underlying volatility. Credit risk is the exposure to loss in
the event of nonperformance by the other party to the transaction where the
value of any collateral held is not adequate to cover such losses. The
recognition in earnings of unrealized gains on these transactions is subject to
management's assessment as to collectability. Liquidity risk is the potential
exposure that arises when the size of the derivative position may not be able to
be rapidly adjusted in periods of high volatility and financial stress at a
reasonable cost.
Information pertaining to the volume of
derivative activity is provided in the tables below. The notional amounts, for
both long and short derivative positions, of Citigroup's derivative instruments
as of December 31, 2009 are presented in the table below.
215
Derivative Notionals
Hedging instruments under | ||||||||||
ASC 815 (SFAS 133) | (1) | Other derivative instruments | ||||||||
Trading | Management | |||||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2009 | derivatives | hedges | (2) | |||||||
Interest rate contracts | ||||||||||
Swaps | $ | 128,797 | $ | 20,571,814 | $ | 107,193 | ||||
Futures and forwards | - | 3,366,927 | 65,597 | |||||||
Written options | - | 3,616,240 | 11,050 | |||||||
Purchased options | - | 3,590,032 | 28,725 | |||||||
Total interest rate contract notionals | $ | 128,797 | $ | 31,145,013 | $ | 212,565 | ||||
Foreign exchange contracts | ||||||||||
Swaps | $ | 81,018 | $ | 855,560 | $ | 95,472 | ||||
Futures and forwards | 47,671 | 1,946,802 | 1,432 | |||||||
Written options | - | 409,991 | - | |||||||
Purchased options | 17,718 | 387,786 | 882 | |||||||
Total foreign exchange contract notionals | $ | 146,407 | $ | 3,600,139 | $ | 97,786 | ||||
Equity contracts | ||||||||||
Swaps | $ | - | $ | 59,391 | $ | - | ||||
Futures and forwards | - | 14,627 | - | |||||||
Written options | - | 410,002 | - | |||||||
Purchased options | - | 377,961 | 275 | |||||||
Total equity contract notionals | $ | - | $ | 861,981 | $ | 275 | ||||
Commodity and other contracts | ||||||||||
Swaps | $ | - | $ | 25,956 | $ | - | ||||
Futures and forwards | - | 91,582 | - | |||||||
Written options | - | 37,952 | - | |||||||
Purchased options | - | 40,324 | - | |||||||
Total commodity and other contract notionals | $ | - | $ | 195,814 | $ | - | ||||
Credit derivatives (3) | ||||||||||
Protection sold | $ | - | $ | 1,214,053 | $ | - | ||||
Protection purchased | 6,981 | 1,325,981 | - | |||||||
Total credit derivatives | $ | 6,981 | $ | 2,540,034 | $ | - | ||||
Total derivative notionals | $ | 282,185 | $ | 38,342,981 | $ | 310,626 |
(1) | Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships accounted for under ASC 815 (SFAS 133) are recorded in either Other assets/liabilities or Trading account assets/liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet . | |
(2) | Management hedges represent derivative instruments used in certain economic hedging relationships that are identified for management purposes, but for which hedge accounting is not applied. These derivatives are recorded in Other assets/liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. | |
(3) | Credit derivatives are arrangements designed to allow one party (protection buyer) to transfer the credit risk of a "reference asset" to another party (protection seller). These arrangements allow a protection seller to assume the credit risk associated with the reference asset without directly purchasing that asset. The Company has entered into credit derivatives positions for purposes such as risk management, yield enhancement, reduction of credit concentrations and diversification of overall risk. |
216
Derivative Mark-to-Market (MTM) Receivables/Payables
Derivatives classified in trading | Derivatives classified in other | |||||||||||
account assets/liabilities | (1) | assets/liabilities | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2009 | Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||
Derivative instruments designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts | $ | 304 | $ | 87 | $ | 4,267 | $ | 2,898 | ||||
Foreign exchange contracts | 753 | 1,580 | 3,599 | 1,416 | ||||||||
Total derivative instruments designated as ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedges | $ | 1,057 | $ | 1,667 | $ | 7,866 | $ | 4,314 | ||||
Other derivative instruments | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts | $ | 454,974 | $ | 449,551 | $ | 2,882 | $ | 3,022 | ||||
Foreign exchange contracts | 71,005 | 70,584 | 1,498 | 2,381 | ||||||||
Equity contracts | 18,132 | 40,612 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||
Commodity and other contracts | 16,698 | 15,492 | - | - | ||||||||
Credit derivatives (2) | 92,792 | 82,424 | - | - | ||||||||
Total other derivative instruments | $ | 653,601 | $ | 658,663 | $ | 4,386 | $ | 5,408 | ||||
Total derivatives | $ | 654,658 | $ | 660,330 | $ | 12,252 | $ | 9,722 | ||||
Cash collateral paid/received | 48,561 | 38,611 | 263 | 4,950 | ||||||||
Less: Netting agreements and market value adjustments | (644,340 | ) | (634,835 | ) | (4,224 | ) | (4,224 | ) | ||||
Net receivables/payables | $ | 58,879 | $ | 64,106 | $ | 8,291 | $ | 10,448 |
(1) | The trading derivatives fair values are presented in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(2) | The credit derivatives trading assets are composed of $68,558 million related to protection purchased and $24,234 million related to protection sold as of December 31, 2009. The credit derivatives trading liabilities are composed of $24,162 million related to protection purchased and $58,262 million related to protection sold as of December 31, 2009. |
All derivatives are reported on the balance sheet at fair value. In
addition, where applicable, all such contracts covered by master netting
agreements are reported net. Gross positive fair values are netted with gross
negative fair values by counterparty pursuant to a valid master netting
agreement. In addition, payables and receivables in respect of cash collateral
received from or paid to a given counterparty are included in this netting.
However, non-cash collateral is not
included.
As of December 31, 2009, the amount of
payables in respect of cash collateral received that was netted with unrealized
gains from derivatives was $30 billion, while the amount of receivables in
respect of cash collateral paid that was netted with unrealized losses from
derivatives was $41 billion.
The amounts recognized in Principal transactions in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2009 related to derivatives not designated in a qualifying hedging relationship as well as the underlying non-derivative instruments are included in the table below. Citigroup has elected to present this disclosure by business classification, showing derivative gains and losses related to its trading activities together with gains and losses related to non-derivative instruments within the same trading portfolios, as this better represents the way these portfolios are risk managed.
In millions of dollars for the year ended | Principal transactions gains | ||
December 31, 2009 | (losses) | (1) | |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 4,075 | |
Foreign exchange contracts | 2,762 | ||
Equity contracts | (334 | ) | |
Commodity and other contracts | 924 | ||
Credit derivatives | (3,495 | ) | |
Total (1) | $ | 3,932 |
(1) | Also see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
217
The amounts recognized in Other revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2009 related to derivatives not designated in a qualifying hedging relationship and not recorded within
Trading account assets or Trading account liabilities are shown below. The table below does not include the offsetting gains/losses on the hedged items, which amounts are also recorded in Other revenue .
In millions of dollars for the year ended December 31, 2009 | Gains (losses) included in Other revenue | ||
Interest rate contracts | $ | (327 | ) |
Foreign exchange contracts | 3,851 | ||
Equity contracts | (7 | ) | |
Commodity and other contracts | - | ||
Credit derivatives | - | ||
Total (1) | $ | 3,517 |
(1) | Non-designated derivatives are derivative instruments not designated in qualifying hedging relationships. |
Accounting
for Derivative Hedging
Citigroup accounts for its hedging activities in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly SFAS 133). As a general rule, hedge
accounting is permitted for those situations where the Company is exposed to a
particular risk, such as interest-rate or foreign-exchange risk, that causes
changes in the fair value of an asset or liability, or variability in the
expected future cash flows of an existing asset, liability or a forecasted
transaction that may affect
earnings.
Derivative contracts hedging the risks
associated with the changes in fair value are referred to as fair value hedges,
while contracts hedging the risks affecting the expected future cash flows are
called cash flow hedges. Hedges that utilize derivatives or debt instruments to
manage the foreign exchange risk associated with equity investments in
non-U.S.-dollar functional currency foreign subsidiaries (net investment in a
foreign operation) are called net investment
hedges.
If certain hedging criteria specified in ASC 815 are met, including
testing for hedge effectiveness, special hedge accounting may be applied. The
hedge effectiveness assessment methodologies for similar hedges are performed in
a similar manner and are used consistently throughout the hedging relationships.
For fair value hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative, as well
as the changes in value of the related hedged item due to the risk being hedged,
are reflected in current earnings. For cash flow hedges and net investment
hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) in Citigroup's stockholders' equity, to the extent the
hedge is effective. Hedge ineffectiveness, in either case, is reflected in
current earnings.
For asset/liability management hedging, the
fixed-rate long-term debt may be recorded at amortized cost under current U.S.
GAAP. However, by electing to use ASC 815 (SFAS 133) hedge accounting, the
carrying value of the debt is adjusted for changes in the benchmark interest
rate, with any such changes in value recorded in current earnings. The related
interest-rate swap is also recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with any
changes
in fair value reflected in earnings. Thus, any ineffectiveness resulting from the hedging relationship is recorded in current earnings. Alternatively, an economic hedge, which does not meet the ASC 815 hedging criteria, would involve only recording the derivative at fair value on the balance sheet, with its associated changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The debt would continue to be carried at amortized cost and, therefore, current earnings would be impacted only by the interest rate shifts and other factors that cause the change in the swap's value and the underlying yield of the debt. This type of hedge is undertaken when hedging requirements cannot be achieved or management decides not to apply ASC 815 hedge accounting. Another alternative for the Company would be to elect to carry the debt at fair value under the fair value option. Once the irrevocable election is made upon issuance of the debt, the full change in fair value of the debt would be reported in earnings. The related interest rate swap, with changes in fair value, would also be reflected in earnings, and provides a natural offset to the debt's fair value change. To the extent the two offsets would not be exactly equal, the difference would be reflected in current earnings. This type of economic hedge is undertaken when the Company prefers to follow this simpler method that achieves generally similar financial statement results to an ASC 815 fair value hedge.
Key aspects of achieving ASC 815 hedge accounting are documentation of hedging strategy and hedge effectiveness at the hedge inception and substantiating hedge effectiveness on an ongoing basis. A derivative must be highly effective in accomplishing the hedge objective of offsetting either changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item for the risk being hedged. Any ineffectiveness in the hedge relationship is recognized in current earnings. The assessment of effectiveness excludes changes in the value of the hedged item that are unrelated to the risks being hedged. Similarly, the assessment of effectiveness may exclude changes in the fair value of a derivative related to time value that, if excluded, are recognized in current earnings.
218
Fair Value Hedges
Hedging of
benchmark interest rate risk
Citigroup hedges exposure to changes in the
fair value of outstanding fixed-rate issued debt and borrowings. The fixed cash
flows from those financing transactions are converted to benchmark variable-rate
cash flows by entering into receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps.
These fair value hedge relationships use dollar-offset ratio analysis to
determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception
and on an ongoing basis.
Citigroup also hedges exposure to changes in
the fair value of fixed-rate assets, including available-for-sale debt
securities and loans. The hedging instruments used are receive-variable,
pay-fixed interest rate swaps. Most of these fair value hedging relationships
use dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships
are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis, while certain others
use regression analysis.
Hedging of
foreign exchange risk
Citigroup hedges the change in fair value attributable to
foreign-exchange rate movements in available-for-sale securities that are
denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity
holding the securities, which may be within or outside the U.S. The hedging
instrument employed is a forward foreign-exchange contract. In this type of
hedge, the change in fair value of the hedged available-for-sale security
attributable to the portion of foreign exchange risk hedged is reported in
earnings and not Accumulated
other comprehensive income -a process that serves to offset substantially
the change in fair value of the forward contract that is also reflected in
earnings. Citigroup considers the premium associated with forward contracts
(differential between spot and contractual forward rates) as the cost of
hedging; this is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and
reflected directly in earnings. Dollar-offset method is used to assess hedge
effectiveness. Since that assessment is based on changes in fair value
attributable to changes in spot rates on both the available-for-sale securities
and the forward contracts for the portion of the relationship hedged, the amount
of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant.
The following table summarizes certain information related to the Company's fair value hedges for the year ended December 31, 2009:
Gains/(losses) on fair value | |||
In millions of dollars for the year ended December 31, 2009 | hedges | (1) | |
Gain (loss) on fair value designated and qualifying hedges | |||
Interest rate contracts | $ | (4,642 | ) |
Foreign exchange contracts | 1,202 | ||
Total gain (loss) on fair value designated and qualifying hedges | $ | (3,440 | ) |
Gain (loss) on the hedged item in designated and qualifying fair value hedges | |||
Interest rate hedges | $ | 4,549 | |
Foreign exchange hedges | (846 | ) | |
Total gain (loss) on the hedged item in designated and qualifying fair value hedges | $ | 3,703 | |
Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings on designated and qualifying fair value hedges | |||
Interest rate hedges | $ | 140 | |
Foreign exchange hedges | 137 | ||
Total hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings on designated and qualifying fair value hedges | $ | 277 | |
Net gain (loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness of fair value hedges | |||
Interest rate contracts | $ | (233 | ) |
Foreign exchange contracts | 219 | ||
Total net gain/(loss) excluded from assessment of the effectiveness of fair value hedges | $ | (14 | ) |
(1) | Amounts are included in Other Revenue on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The accrued interest income on fair value hedges is recorded in Net Interest Revenue and is excluded from this table. |
219
Cash Flow Hedges
Hedging of
benchmark interest rate risk
Citigroup hedges variable cash flows resulting
from floating-rate liabilities and roll-over (re-issuance) of short-term
liabilities. Variable cash flows from those liabilities are converted to
fixed-rate cash flows by entering into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest-rate
swaps and receive-variable, pay-fixed forward-starting interest-rate swaps.
These cash-flow hedging relationships use either regression analysis or
dollar-offset ratio analysis to assess whether the hedging relationships are
highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis. Since efforts are made to
match the terms of the derivatives to those of the hedged forecasted cash flows
as closely as possible, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not
significant.
Hedging of
foreign exchange risk
Citigroup locks in the functional currency equivalent of cash flows of
various balance sheet liability exposures, including short-term borrowings and
long-term debt (and the forecasted issuances or rollover of such items) that are
denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the issuing
entity. Depending on the risk-management objectives, these types of hedges are
designated as either cash-flow hedges of only foreign exchange risk or cash-flow
hedges of both foreign-exchange and interest rate risk, and the hedging
instruments used are foreign-exchange forward contracts, cross-currency swaps
and foreign-currency options. For some hedges, Citigroup matches all terms of
the hedged item and the hedging derivative at inception and on an ongoing basis
to eliminate hedge ineffectiveness. Citigroup does not exclude any terms from
consideration when applying the matched terms method. To the extent all terms
are not perfectly matched, any ineffectiveness is measured using the
"hypothetical derivative method" from FASB Derivative Implementation Group Issue G7 (now
ASC 815-30-35-12 through 35-32). Efforts are made to match up the terms of the
hypothetical and actual derivatives used as closely as possible. As a result,
the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant even when the terms do
not match perfectly.
Hedging total
return
Citigroup
generally manages the risk associated with highly leveraged financing it has
entered into by seeking to sell a majority of its exposures to the market prior
to or shortly after funding. The portion of the highly leveraged financing that
is retained by Citigroup is hedged with a total return
swap.
The hedge ineffectiveness on the cash flow hedges recognized in earnings
totals $16 million for the 12 months ended December 31, 2009.
The pretax change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from cash flow hedges for year ended December 31, 2009 is presented below:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | ||
Effective portion of cash flow | |||
hedges included in AOCI | |||
Interest rate contracts | $ | 488 | |
Foreign exchange contracts | 689 | ||
Total effective portion of cash flow | |||
hedges included in AOCI | $ | 1,177 | |
Effective portion of cash flow | |||
hedges reclassified from AOCI to | |||
earnings | |||
Interest rate contracts | $ | (1,687 | ) |
Foreign exchange contracts | (308 | ) | |
Total effective portion of cash flow | |||
hedges reclassified from AOCI to | |||
earnings (1) | $ | (1,995 | ) |
(1) | Included primarily in Other revenue and Net interest revenue on the Consolidated Income Statement. |
For cash flow hedges, any changes in the fair value of the end-user
derivative remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet will be
included in earnings of future periods to offset the variability of the hedged
cash flows when such cash flows affect earnings. The net loss associated with
cash flow hedges expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income within 12 months of December 31, 2009 is
approximately $2.1 billion. The maximum length of time over which forecasted
cash flows are hedged is 10 years.
The impact of cash flow hedges on AOCI is
also shown in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Net
Investment Hedges
Consistent with ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters - Foreign Currency
Transactions ( formerly SFAS 52, Foreign Currency
Translation) , ASC 815
allows hedging of the foreign-currency risk of a net investment in a foreign
operation. Citigroup uses foreign-currency forwards, options and swaps and
foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments to manage the foreign-exchange
risk associated with Citigroup's equity investments in several non-U.S. dollar
functional currency foreign subsidiaries. Citigroup records the change in the
carrying amount of these investments in the Cumulative translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) . Simultaneously, the effective portion of the
hedge of this exposure is also recorded in the Cumulative translation adjustment account and the ineffective portion, if any, is
immediately recorded in earnings.
For derivatives used in net investment hedges,
Citigroup follows the forward-rate method from FASB Derivative Implementation
Group Issue H8 (now ASC 815-35-35-16 through 35-26), "Foreign Currency Hedges:
Measuring the Amount of Ineffectiveness in a Net Investment Hedge." According to
that method, all changes in fair value, including changes
220
related to the
forward-rate component of the foreign-currency forward contracts and the
time-value of foreign-currency options, are recorded in the
foreign-currency Cumulative translation adjustment account . For foreign-currency denominated debt
instruments that are designated as hedges of net investments, the translation
gain or loss that is recorded in the foreign-currency translation adjustment
account is based on the spot exchange rate between the functional currency of
the respective subsidiary and the U.S. dollar, which is the functional currency
of Citigroup. To the extent the notional amount of the hedging instrument
exactly matches the hedged net investment and the underlying exchange rate of
the derivative hedging instrument relates to the exchange rate between the
functional currency of the net investment and Citigroup's functional currency
(or, in the case of a non-derivative debt instrument, such instrument is
denominated in the functional currency of the net investment), no
ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings.
The pretax loss recorded in
foreign-currency translation adjustment within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) , related to the effective portion of the net
investment hedges, is $4,560 million during the year ended December 31,
2009.
Credit
Derivatives
A
credit derivative is a bilateral contract between a buyer and a seller under
which the seller agrees to provide protection to the buyer against the credit
risk of a particular entity ("reference entity" or "reference credit"). Credit
derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments
to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined credit events (commonly referred
to as "settlement triggers"). These settlement triggers are defined by the form
of the derivative and the reference credit and are generally limited to the
market standard of failure to pay on indebtedness and bankruptcy of the
reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt
restructuring. Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market
reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to
cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment
moratorium. In certain transactions, protection may be provided on a portfolio
of referenced credits or asset-backed securities. The seller of such protection
may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has
occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for
losses up to a specified amount.
The Company makes markets in and trades a
range of credit derivatives, both on behalf of clients as well as for its own
account. Through these contracts, the Company either purchases or writes
protection on either a single name or a portfolio of reference credits. The
Company uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its corporate
and consumer loan portfolio and other cash positions, to take proprietary
trading positions, and to facilitate client transactions.
The range of credit derivatives sold includes credit default swaps, total return swaps and credit options.
A credit default swap is a contract in which, for a fee, a protection
seller agrees to reimburse a protection buyer for any losses that occur due to a
credit event on a reference entity. If there is no credit default event or
settlement trigger, as defined by the specific derivative contract, then
the protection seller makes no payments to the protection buyer
and receives only the contractually specified fee. However, if a credit event
occurs as defined in the specific derivative contract sold, the protection
seller will be required to make a payment to the protection
buyer.
A total return swap transfers the total economic performance of a
reference asset, which includes all associated cash flows, as well as capital
appreciation or depreciation. The protection buyer receives a floating rate
of interest and any depreciation on the reference asset from the protection
seller and, in return, the protection seller receives the cash flows associated
with the reference asset plus any appreciation. Thus, according to the total
return swap agreement, the protection seller will be obligated to make
a payment anytime the floating interest rate payment and any depreciation of the
reference asset exceed the cash flows associated with the underlying asset. A
total return swap may terminate upon a default of the reference asset subject to
the provisions of the related total return swap agreement between the protection
seller and the protection buyer.
A credit option is a credit derivative that
allows investors to trade or hedge changes in the credit quality of the
reference asset. For example, in a credit spread option, the option writer
assumes the obligation to purchase or sell the reference asset at a specified
"strike" spread level. The option purchaser buys the right to sell the reference
asset to, or purchase it from, the option writer at the strike spread level. The
payments on credit spread options depend either on a particular credit spread or
the price of the underlying credit-sensitive asset. The options usually
terminate if the underlying assets
default.
A credit-linked note is a form of credit
derivative structured as a debt security with an embedded credit default swap.
The purchaser of the note writes credit protection to the issuer, and receives a
return which will be negatively affected by credit events on the underlying
reference credit. If the reference entity defaults, the purchaser of the
credit-linked note may assume the long position in the debt security and any
future cash flows from it, but will lose the amount paid to the issuer of the
credit-linked note. Thus the maximum amount of the exposure is the carrying
amount of the credit-linked note. As of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
the amount of credit-linked notes held by the Company in trading inventory was
immaterial.
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The following tables summarize the key characteristics of the Company's credit derivative portfolio as protection seller as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Maximum potential | Fair | |||||
In millions of dollars as of | amount of | value | ||||
December 31, 2009 | future payments | payable | (1) | |||
By industry/counterparty | ||||||
Bank | $ | 807,484 | $ | 34,666 | ||
Broker-dealer | 340,949 | 16,309 | ||||
Monoline | 33 | - | ||||
Non-financial | 13,221 | 262 | ||||
Insurance and other financial institutions | 52,366 | 7,025 | ||||
Total by industry/counterparty | $ | 1,214,053 | $ | 58,262 | ||
By instrument | ||||||
Credit default swaps and options | $ | 1,213,208 | $ | 57,987 | ||
Total return swaps and other | 845 | 275 | ||||
Total by instrument | $ | 1,214,053 | $ | 58,262 | ||
By rating | ||||||
Investment grade | $ | 576,930 | 9,632 | |||
Non-investment grade | 339,920 | 28,664 | ||||
Not rated | 297,203 | 19,966 | ||||
Total by rating | $ | 1,214,053 | $ | 58,262 |
(1) | In addition, fair value amounts receivable under credit derivatives sold were $24,234 million. | |
Maximum potential | Fair | |||||
In millions of dollars as of | amount of | value | ||||
December 31, 2008 | future payments | payable | (1) | |||
By industry/counterparty | ||||||
Bank | $ | 943,949 | $ | 118,428 | ||
Broker-dealer | 365,664 | 55,458 | ||||
Monoline | 139 | 91 | ||||
Non-financial | 7,540 | 2,556 | ||||
Insurance and other financial institutions | 125,988 | 21,700 | ||||
Total by industry/counterparty | $ | 1,443,280 | $ | 198,233 | ||
By instrument | ||||||
Credit default swaps and options | $ | 1,441,375 | $ | 197,981 | ||
Total return swaps and other | 1,905 | 252 | ||||
Total by instrument | $ | 1,443,280 | $ | 198,233 | ||
By rating | ||||||
Investment grade | $ | 851,426 | $ | 83,672 | ||
Non-investment grade | 410,483 | 87,508 | ||||
Not rated | 181,371 | 27,053 | ||||
Total by rating | $ | 1,443,280 | $ | 198,233 |
(1) | In addition, fair value amounts receivable under credit derivatives sold were $5,890 million. |
Citigroup evaluates the payment/performance risk of the credit derivatives to which it stands as a protection seller based on the credit rating which has been assigned to the underlying referenced credit. Where external ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (such as Moody's and S&P) are used, investment grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB
or above, while anything
below is considered non-investment grade. The Citigroup internal ratings are in
line with the related external credit rating system. On certain underlying
referenced credit, mainly related to over-the-counter credit derivatives,
ratings are not available, and these are included in the not-rated category.
Credit derivatives written on an underlying non-investment grade referenced
credit represent greater payment risk to the Company. The non-investment grade
category in the table above primarily includes credit derivatives where the
underlying referenced entity has been downgraded subsequent to the inception of
the derivative.
The maximum potential amount of future
payments under credit derivative contracts presented in the table above is based
on the notional value of the derivatives. The Company believes that the maximum
potential amount of future payments for credit protection sold is not
representative of the actual loss exposure based on historical experience. This
amount has not been reduced by the Company's rights to the underlying assets and
the related cash flows. In accordance with most credit derivative contracts,
should a credit event (or settlement trigger) occur, the Company is usually
liable for the difference between the protection sold and the recourse it holds
in the value of the underlying assets. Thus, if the reference entity defaults,
Citi will generally have a right to collect on the underlying reference credit
and any related cash flows, while being liable for the full notional amount of
credit protection sold to the buyer. Furthermore, this maximum potential amount
of future payments for credit protection sold has not been reduced for any cash
collateral paid to a given counterparty, as such payments would be calculated
after netting all derivative exposures, including any credit derivatives with
that counterparty in accordance with a related master netting agreement. Due to
such netting processes, determining the amount of collateral that corresponds to
credit derivative exposures only is not possible. The Company actively monitors
open credit risk exposures, and manages this exposure by using a variety of
strategies including purchased credit derivatives, cash collateral or direct
holdings of the referenced assets. This risk mitigation activity is not captured
in the table above.
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features in
Derivatives
Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require the
Company to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any
outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified
credit-risk-related event. These events, which are defined by the existing
derivative contracts, are primarily downgrades in the credit ratings of the
Company and its affiliates. The fair value of all derivative instruments with
credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position at
December 31, 2009 is $17 billion. The Company has posted $11 billion as
collateral for this exposure in the normal course of business as of December 31,
2009. Each downgrade would trigger additional collateral requirements for the
Company and its affiliates. In the event that each legal entity was
downgraded a single notch as of December 31, 2009, the Company would
be required to post additional collateral of $2.6 billion.
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25. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT
RISK
Concentrations of
credit risk exist when changes in economic, industry or geographic factors
similarly affect groups of counterparties whose aggregate credit exposure is
material in relation to Citigroup's total credit exposure. Although Citigroup's
portfolio of financial instruments is broadly diversified along industry,
product, and geographic lines, material transactions are completed with other
financial institutions, particularly in the securities trading, derivatives, and
foreign exchange businesses.
In connection with the Company's efforts to
maintain a diversified portfolio, the Company limits its exposure to any one
geographic region, country or individual creditor and monitors this exposure on
a continuous basis. At December 31, 2009, Citigroup's most significant
concentration of credit risk was with the U.S. government and its agencies. The
Company's exposure, which primarily results from trading assets and investments
issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, amounted to $126.6 billion and
$93.7 billion at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Mexican and
Japanese governments and their agencies are the next largest exposures, which
are rated investment grade by both Moody's and S&P. The Company's exposure
to Mexico amounted to $41.4 billion and $35.0 billion at December 31, 2009 and
2008, respectively, and is composed of investment securities, loans and trading
assets. The Company's exposure to Japan amounted to $31.8 billion and $29.1
billion at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and is composed of
investment securities, loans and trading assets.
26. FAIR VALUE
MEASUREMENT
Effective
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted SFAS 157 (now ASC 820-10), which defines
fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and
expands disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. Among other
things, the standard requires the Company to maximize the use of observable
inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. In
addition, it precludes the use of block discounts when measuring the fair value
of instruments traded in an active market; such discounts were previously
applied to large holdings of publicly traded equity securities. It also requires
recognition of trade-date gains related to certain derivative transactions whose
fair value has been determined using unobservable market inputs. This guidance
supersedes the guidance in Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 02-3, "Issues
Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and
Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities" (EITF Issue 02-3), which prohibited the
recognition of trade-date gains for such derivative transactions when
determining the fair value of instruments not traded in an active
market.
As a result of the adoption of the standard, the Company made amendments
to the techniques used in measuring the fair value of derivative and other
positions. These amendments change the way that the probability of default of a
counterparty is factored into the valuation of derivative positions, include for
the first time the impact of Citigroup's own credit risk on derivatives and
other liabilities measured at fair value, and also eliminate the portfolio
servicing adjustment that is no longer necessary.
Fair Value
Hierarchy
ASC
820-10 also specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the
inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable
inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable
inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs have
created the following fair-value hierarchy:
This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The Company considers relevant and observable market prices in its valuations where possible. The frequency of transactions, the size of the bid-ask spread and the amount of adjustment necessary when comparing similar transactions are all factors in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed prices in those markets.
223
Determination of Fair
Value
For assets
and liabilities carried at fair value, the Company measures such value using the
procedures set out below, irrespective of whether these assets and liabilities
are carried at fair value as a result of an election or whether they were
previously carried at fair value.
When available, the Company generally uses
quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such items as Level
1. In some cases where a market price is available, the Company will make use of
acceptable practical expedients (such as matrix pricing) to calculate fair
value, in which case the items are classified as Level
2.
If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon
internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current
market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates,
currency rates, option volatilities, etc. Items valued using such internally
generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level
input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be
classified in Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are
readily observable.
Where available, the Company may also make use
of quoted prices for recent trading activity in positions with the same or
similar characteristics to that being valued. The frequency and size of
transactions and the amount of the bid-ask spread are among the factors
considered in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed
prices from those markets. If relevant and observable prices are available,
those valuations would be classified as Level 2. If prices are not available,
other valuation techniques would be used and the item would be classified as
Level 3.
Fair value estimates from internal valuation
techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent
vendors or brokers. Vendors and brokers' valuations may be based on a variety of
inputs ranging from observed prices to proprietary valuation
models.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the
Company to measure various financial instruments at fair value, including an
indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is
generally classified. Where appropriate, the description includes details of the
valuation models, the key inputs to those models as well as any significant
assumptions.
Securities purchased under agreements to
resell and securities sold under agreements to
repurchase
No quoted prices exist for such instruments and so fair value is
determined using a discounted cash-flow technique. Cash flows are estimated
based on the terms of the contract, taking into account any embedded derivative
or other features. Expected cash flows are discounted using market rates
appropriate to the maturity of the instrument as well as the nature and amount
of collateral taken or received. Generally, such instruments are classified
within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the inputs used in the fair
valuation are readily observable.
Trading account assets and
liabilities-trading securities and trading
loans
When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the
fair value of trading securities; such items are classified as Level 1 of the
fair value hierarchy. Examples include some government securities and
exchange-traded equity securities.
For bonds and secondary market loans traded
over the counter, the Company generally determines fair value utilizing internal
valuation techniques. Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques
are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors.
Vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply matrix pricing for
similar bonds or loans where no price is observable. If available, the Company
may also use quoted prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar
characteristics to the bond or loan being valued. Trading securities and loans
priced using such methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, when
less liquidity exists for a security or loan, a quoted price is stale or prices
from independent sources vary, a loan or security is generally classified as
Level 3.
Where the Company's principal market for a
portfolio of loans is the securitization market, the Company uses the
securitization price to determine the fair value of the portfolio. The
securitization price is determined from the assumed proceeds of a hypothetical
securitization in the current market, adjusted for transformation costs (i.e.,
direct costs other than transaction costs) and securitization uncertainties such
as market conditions and liquidity. As a result of the severe reduction in the
level of activity in certain securitization markets since the second half of
2007, observable securitization prices for certain directly comparable
portfolios of loans have not been readily available. Therefore, such portfolios
of loans are generally classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
However, for other loan securitization markets, such as those related to
conforming prime fixed-rate and conforming adjustable-rate mortgage loans,
pricing verification of the hypothetical securitizations has been possible,
since these markets have remained active. Accordingly, these loan portfolios are
classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
224
Trading account assets and
liabilities-derivatives
Exchange-traded derivatives are generally fair
valued using quoted market (i.e., exchange) prices and so are classified as
Level 1 of the fair value
hierarchy.
The majority of derivatives entered into by
the Company are executed over the counter and so are valued using internal
valuation techniques as no quoted market prices exist for such instruments. The
valuation techniques and inputs depend on the type of derivative and the nature
of the underlying instrument. The principal techniques used to value these
instruments are discounted cash flows, Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation.
The fair values of derivative contracts reflect cash the Company has paid or
received (for example, option premiums paid and
received).
The key inputs depend upon the type of
derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument and include interest rate
yield curves, foreign-exchange rates, the spot price of the underlying
volatility and correlation. The item is placed in either Level 2 or Level 3
depending on the observability of the significant inputs to the model.
Correlation and items with longer tenors are generally less
observable.
Subprime-related direct exposures in
CDOs
The
Company accounts for its CDO super-senior subprime direct exposures and the
underlying securities on a fair-value basis with all changes in fair value
recorded in earnings. Citigroup's CDO super-senior subprime direct exposures are
not subject to valuation based on observable transactions. Accordingly, the fair
value of these exposures is based on management's best estimates based on facts
and circumstances as of the date of these Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Citigroup's CDO super-senior subprime direct
exposures are Level 3 assets. The valuation of the high-grade and mezzanine ABS
CDO positions uses trader prices based on the underlying assets of each
high-grade and mezzanine ABS CDO. Unlike the ABCP positions, the high-grade and
mezzanine positions are now largely hedged through the ABX and bond short
positions, which are trader priced. This results in closer symmetry in the way
these long and short positions are valued by the Company. Citigroup intends to
use trader marks to value this portion of the portfolio going forward so long as
it remains largely hedged.
The fair values of ABCP positions are
based on significant unobservable inputs. Fair value of these exposures are
based on estimates of future cash flows from the mortgage loans underlying the
assets of the ABS CDOs. To determine the performance of the underlying mortgage
loan portfolios, the Company estimates the prepayments, defaults and loss
severities based on a number of macroeconomic factors, including housing price
changes, unemployment rates, interest rates and borrower and loan attributes,
such as age, credit scores, documentation status, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios and
debt-to-income (DTI) ratios. The model is calibrated using available mortgage
loan information including historical loan performance. In addition, the
methodology estimates the impact of geographic concentration of mortgages and
the impact of reported fraud in the origination of subprime mortgages. An
appropriate discount rate is then applied to the cash flows generated for each
ABCP tranche, in order to estimate its fair value under current market
conditions.
When necessary, the valuation methodology used by Citigroup is refined
and the inputs used for the purposes of estimation are modified, in part, to
reflect ongoing market developments. More specifically, the inputs of home price
appreciation (HPA) assumptions and delinquency data were updated along with
discount rates that are based upon a weighted average combination of implied
spreads from single name ABS bond prices and ABX indices, as well as CLO spreads
under current market conditions.
The housing-price changes were estimated using
a forward-looking projection, which incorporated the Loan Performance Index. In
addition, the Company's mortgage default model also uses recent mortgage
performance data, a period of sharp home price declines and high levels of
mortgage foreclosures.
The valuation as of December 31, 2009 assumes
that U.S. housing prices are unchanged in 2010, increase 1.1% in 2011, increase
1.4% in 2012, and increase 3% from 2013
onwards.
In addition, the discount rates were based on
a weighted average combination of the implied spreads from single name ABS bond
prices, ABX indices and CLO spreads, depending on vintage and asset types. To
determine the discount margin, the Company applies the mortgage default model to
the bonds underlying the ABX indices and other referenced cash bonds and solves
for the discount margin that produces the current market prices of those
instruments.
The primary drivers that currently impact the
model valuations are the discount rates used to calculate the present value of
projected cash flows and projected mortgage loan
performance.
For most of the lending and structuring direct
subprime exposures (excluding super seniors), fair value is determined utilizing
observable transactions where available, other market data for similar assets in
markets that are not active and other internal valuation
techniques.
Investments
The investments category includes
available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities, whose fair value is
determined using the same procedures described for trading securities above or,
in some cases, using vendor prices as the primary
source.
Also included in investments are nonpublic investments in private equity
and real estate entities held by the S&B business. Determining the fair
value of nonpublic securities involves a significant degree of management
resources and judgment as no quoted prices exist and such securities are
generally very thinly traded. In addition, there may be transfer restrictions on
private equity securities. The Company uses an established process for
determining the fair value of such securities, using commonly accepted valuation
techniques, including the use of earnings multiples based on comparable public
securities, industry-specific non-earnings-based multiples and discounted cash
flow models. In determining the fair value of nonpublic securities, the Company
also considers events such as a proposed sale of the investee company, initial
public offerings, equity issuances, or other observable
transactions.
Private equity securities are generally
classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
225
Short-term borrowings and long-term
debt
Where fair value accounting has been elected, the fair value of
non-structured liabilities is determined by discounting expected cash flows
using the appropriate discount rate for the applicable maturity. Such
instruments are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as
all inputs are readily observable.
The Company determines the fair value of
structured liabilities (where performance is linked to structured interest
rates, inflation or currency risks) and hybrid financial instruments
(performance linked to risks other than interest rates, inflation or currency
risks) using the appropriate derivative valuation methodology (described above)
given the nature of the embedded risk profile. Such instruments are classified
as Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the observability of significant inputs to
the model.
Market valuation
adjustments
Liquidity adjustments are applied to items in Level 2 and Level 3 of the
fair value hierarchy to ensure that the fair value reflects the price at which
the entire position could be liquidated. The liquidity reserve is based on the
bid-offer spread for an instrument, adjusted to take into account the size of
the position.
Counterparty credit-risk adjustments are
applied to derivatives, such as over-the-counter derivatives, where the base
valuation uses market parameters based on the LIBOR interest rate curves. Not
all counterparties have the same credit risk as that implied by the relevant
LIBOR curve, so it is necessary to consider the market view of the credit risk
of a counterparty in order to estimate the fair value of such an
item.
Bilateral or "own" credit-risk adjustments are applied to reflect the
Company's own credit risk when valuing derivatives and liabilities measured at
fair value. Counterparty and own credit adjustments consider the expected future
cash flows between Citi and its counterparties under the terms of the instrument
and the effect of credit risk on the valuation of those cash flows, rather than
a point-in-time assessment of the current recognized net asset or liability.
Furthermore, the credit-risk adjustments take into account the effect of
credit-risk mitigants, such as pledged collateral and any legal right of offset
(to the extent such offset exists) with a counterparty through arrangements such
as netting agreements.
Auction rate
securities
Auction rate securities (ARS) are long-term municipal bonds, corporate
bonds, securitizations and preferred stocks with interest rates or dividend
yields that are reset through periodic auctions. The coupon paid in the current
period is based on the rate determined by the prior auction. In the event of an
auction failure, ARS holders receive a "fail rate" coupon, which is specified by
the original issue documentation of each
ARS.
Where insufficient orders to purchase all of the ARS issue to be sold in
an auction were received, the primary dealer or auction agent would
traditionally have purchased any residual unsold inventory (without a
contractual obligation to do so). This residual inventory would then be repaid
through subsequent auctions, typically in a short timeframe. Due to this auction
mechanism and generally liquid market, ARS have historically traded and were
valued as short-term instruments.
Citigroup acted in the capacity of primary
dealer for approximately $72 billion of ARS and continued to purchase residual
unsold inventory in support of the auction mechanism until mid-February 2008.
After this date, liquidity in the ARS market deteriorated significantly,
auctions failed due to a lack of bids from third-party investors, and Citigroup
ceased to purchase unsold inventory. Following a number of ARS refinancings, at
December 31, 2009, Citigroup continued to act in the capacity of primary dealer
for approximately $28.2 billion of outstanding
ARS.
The Company classifies its ARS as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale
and trading securities.
Prior to the Company's first auction's failing
in the first quarter of 2008, Citigroup valued ARS based on observation of
auction market prices, because the auctions had a short maturity period (7, 28
and 35 days). This generally resulted in valuations at par. Once the auctions
failed, ARS could no longer be valued using observation of auction market
prices. Accordingly, the fair value of ARS is currently estimated using
internally developed discounted cash flow valuation techniques specific to the
nature of the assets underlying each
ARS.
For ARS with U.S. municipal securities as underlying assets, future cash
flows are estimated based on the terms of the securities underlying each
individual ARS and discounted at an estimated discount rate in order to estimate
the current fair value. The key assumptions that impact the ARS valuations are
estimated prepayments and refinancings, estimated fail rate coupons (i.e., the
rate paid in the event of auction failure, which varies according to the current
credit rating of the issuer) and the discount rate used to calculate the present
value of projected cash flows. The discount rate used for each ARS is based on
rates observed for straight issuances of other municipal securities. In order to
arrive at the appropriate discount rate, these observed rates were adjusted
upward to factor in the specifics of the ARS structure being valued, such as
callability, and the illiquidity in the ARS market.
226
For ARS with student loans as underlying assets, future cash flows are
estimated based on the terms of the loans underlying each individual ARS,
discounted at an appropriate rate in order to estimate the current fair value.
The key assumptions that impact the ARS valuations are the expected weighted
average life of the structure, estimated fail rate coupons, the amount of
leverage in each structure and the discount rate used to calculate the present
value of projected cash flows. The discount rate used for each ARS is based on
rates observed for basic securitizations with similar maturities to the loans
underlying each ARS being valued. In order to arrive at the appropriate discount
rate, these observed rates were adjusted upward to factor in the specifics of
the ARS structure being valued, such as callability, and the illiquidity in the
ARS market.
During the first quarter of 2008, ARS for
which the auctions failed and where no secondary market has developed were moved
to Level 3, as the assets were subject to valuation using significant
unobservable inputs. The majority of ARS continue to be classified as Level
3.
Alt-A mortgage
securities
The Company classifies its Alt-A mortgage securities as held-to-maturity,
available-for-sale, and trading investments. The securities classified as
trading and available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with changes in fair
value reported in current earnings and AOCI, respectively. For these purposes,
Alt-A mortgage securities are non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
(RMBS) where (1) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores
between 680 and 720 or (2) for instances where FICO scores are greater than 720,
RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full
documentation loans.
Similar to the valuation methodologies used
for other trading securities and trading loans, the Company generally determines
the fair value of Alt-A mortgage securities utilizing internal valuation
techniques. Fair-value estimates from internal valuation techniques are
verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors
compile prices from various sources. Where available, the Company may also make
use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in securities with the same or
similar characteristics to that being
valued.
The internal valuation techniques used for Alt-A mortgage securities, as
with other mortgage exposures, consider estimated housing price changes,
unemployment rates, interest rates and borrower attributes. They also consider
prepayment rates as well as other market
indicators.
Alt-A mortgage securities that are valued
using these methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, Alt-A mortgage
securities backed by Alt-A mortgages of lower quality or more recent vintages
are mostly classified as Level 3 due to the reduced liquidity that exists for
such positions, which reduces the reliability of prices available from
independent sources.
Commercial real estate
exposure
Citigroup reports a number of different exposures linked to commercial
real estate at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings,
including securities, loans and investments in entities that hold commercial
real estate loans or commercial real estate directly. The Company also reports
securities backed by commercial real estate as Available-for-sale investments,
which are carried at fair value with changes in fair-value reported in
AOCI.
Similar to the valuation methodologies used for other trading securities
and trading loans, the Company generally determines the fair value of securities
and loans linked to commercial real estate utilizing internal valuation
techniques. Fair-value estimates from internal valuation techniques are
verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors
compile prices from various sources. Where available, the Company may also make
use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in securities or loans with the
same or similar characteristics to that being valued. Securities and loans
linked to commercial real estate valued using these methodologies are generally
classified as Level 3 as a result of the reduced liquidity currently in the
market for such exposures.
The fair value of investments in entities that
hold commercial real estate loans or commercial real estate directly is
determined using a similar methodology to that used for other non-public
investments in real estate held by the S&B business. The Company uses an
established process for determining the fair value of such securities, using
commonly accepted valuation techniques, including the use of earnings multiples
based on comparable public securities, industry-specific non-earnings-based
multiples and discounted cash flow models. In determining the fair value of such
investments, the Company also considers events, such as a proposed sale of the
investee company, initial public offerings, equity issuances, or other
observable transactions. Such investments are generally classified as Level 3 of
the fair-value hierarchy.
Highly leveraged financing
commitments
The Company reports highly leveraged loans with a carrying value of
$36 million and face amount of $468 million at December 31, 2009 as
held-for-sale, which are measured on a LOCOM basis. The fair value of such
exposures is determined, where possible, using quoted secondary-market prices
and classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy if there is a sufficient
level of activity in the market and quotes or traded prices are available with
suitable frequency.
However, due to the dislocation of the credit
markets and the reduced market interest in higher risk/higher yield instruments
since the latter half of 2007, liquidity in the market for highly leveraged
financings has been limited. Therefore, a majority of such exposures are
classified as Level 3 as quoted secondary market prices do not generally exist.
The fair value for such exposures is determined using quoted prices for a
similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of the loan being
valued.
227
Items
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present for each of the
fair value hierarchy levels the Company's assets and liabilities that are
measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2009 and 2008. The
Company often hedges positions that have been classified in the Level 3 category
with financial
instruments that have been classified as Level 1 or Level 2. In addition, the Company also hedges items classified in the Level 3 category with instruments classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following table.
Gross | Net | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2009 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | inventory | Netting | (1) | balance | ||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under | |||||||||||||||||
agreements to resell | $ | - | $ | 138,550 | $ | - | $ | 138,550 | $ | (50,713 | ) | $ | 87,837 | ||||
Trading securities | |||||||||||||||||
Trading mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | $ | - | $ | 19,666 | $ | 972 | $ | 20,638 | $ | - | $ | 20,638 | |||||
Prime | - | 772 | 384 | 1,156 | - | 1,156 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | - | 842 | 387 | 1,229 | - | 1,229 | |||||||||||
Subprime | - | 736 | 8,998 | 9,734 | - | 9,734 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | - | 1,796 | 572 | 2,368 | - | 2,368 | |||||||||||
Commercial | - | 1,004 | 2,451 | 3,455 | - | 3,455 | |||||||||||
Total trading mortgage-backed securities | $ | - | $ | 24,816 | $ | 13,764 | $ | 38,580 | $ | - | $ | 38,580 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | $ | 27,943 | $ | 995 | $ | - | $ | 28,938 | $ | - | $ | 28,938 | |||||
Agency obligations | - | 2,041 | - | 2,041 | - | 2,041 | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities | $ | 27,943 | $ | 3,036 | $ | - | $ | 30,979 | $ | - | $ | 30,979 | |||||
Other trading securities | |||||||||||||||||
State and municipal | $ | - | $ | 6,925 | $ | 222 | $ | 7,147 | $ | - | $ | 7,147 | |||||
Foreign government | 59,229 | 13,081 | 459 | 72,769 | - | 72,769 | |||||||||||
Corporate | - | 43,365 | 8,620 | 51,985 | - | 51,985 | |||||||||||
Equity securities | 33,754 | 11,827 | 640 | 46,221 | - | 46,221 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | - | 19,976 | 16,237 | 36,213 | - | 36,213 | |||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 120,926 | $ | 123,026 | $ | 39,942 | $ | 283,894 | $ | - | $ | 283,894 | |||||
Derivatives | $ | 4,002 | $ | 671,532 | $ | 27,685 | $ | 703,219 | $ | (644,340 | ) | $ | 58,879 | ||||
Investments | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | $ | 89 | $ | 20,823 | $ | 2 | $ | 20,914 | $ | - | $ | 20,914 | |||||
Prime | - | 5,742 | 736 | 6,478 | - | 6,478 | |||||||||||
Alt-A | - | 572 | 55 | 627 | - | 627 | |||||||||||
Subprime | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | - | 255 | - | 255 | - | 255 | |||||||||||
Commercial | - | 47 | 746 | 793 | - | 793 | |||||||||||
Total investment mortgage-backed securities | $ | 89 | $ | 27,439 | $ | 1,540 | $ | 29,068 | $ | - | $ | 29,068 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | $ | 5,943 | $ | 20,619 | $ | - | $ | 26,562 | $ | - | $ | 26,562 | |||||
Agency obligations | - | 27,531 | 21 | 27,552 | - | 27,552 | |||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agency | $ | 5,943 | $ | 48,150 | $ | 21 | $ | 54,114 | $ | - | $ | 54,114 | |||||
State and municipal | $ | - | $ | 15,393 | $ | 217 | $ | 15,610 | $ | - | $ | 15,610 | |||||
Foreign government | 60,484 | 41,765 | 270 | 102,519 | - | 102,519 | |||||||||||
Corporate | - | 19,056 | 1,257 | 20,313 | - | 20,313 | |||||||||||
Equity securities | 3,056 | 237 | 2,513 | 5,806 | - | 5,806 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | - | 3,337 | 8,832 | 12,169 | - | 12,169 | |||||||||||
Non-marketable equity securities | - | 77 | 6,753 | 6,830 | - | 6,830 | |||||||||||
Total investments | $ | 69,572 | $ | 155,454 | $ | 21,403 | $ | 246,429 | $ | - | $ | 246,429 | |||||
Loans (2) | $ | - | $ | 1,226 | $ | 213 | $ | 1,439 | $ | - | $ | 1,439 | |||||
Mortgage servicing rights | - | - | 6,530 | 6,530 | - | 6,530 | |||||||||||
Other financial assets measured on a recurring basis | - | 15,787 | 1,101 | 16,888 | (4,224 | ) | 12,664 | ||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 194,500 | $ | 1,105,575 | $ | 96,874 | $ | 1,396,949 | $ | (699,277 | ) | $ | 697,672 | ||||
13.9 | % | 79.2 | % | 6.9 | % | 100.0 | % |
228
Gross | Net | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2009 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | inventory | Netting | (1) | balance | ||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | - | $ | 1,517 | $ | 28 | $ | 1,545 | $ | - | $ | 1,545 | |||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under | |||||||||||||||||
agreements to repurchase | - | 152,687 | 2,056 | 154,743 | (50,713 | ) | 104,030 | ||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | 52,399 | 20,233 | 774 | 73,406 | - | 73,406 | |||||||||||
Derivatives | 4,980 | 669,384 | 24,577 | 698,941 | (634,835 | ) | 64,106 | ||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | - | 408 | 231 | 639 | - | 639 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt | - | 16,288 | 9,654 | 25,942 | - | 25,942 | |||||||||||
Other financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis | - | 15,753 | 13 | 15,766 | (4,224 | ) | 11,542 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 57,379 | $ | 876,270 | $ | 37,333 | $ | 970,982 | $ | (689,772 | ) | $ | 281,210 | ||||
5.9 | % | 90.2 | % | 3.8 | % | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Represents netting of: (i) the amounts due under securities purchased under agreements to resell and the amounts owed under securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and (ii) derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement, cash collateral, and the market value adjustment. | |
(2) | There is no allowance for loan losses recorded for loans reported at fair value. | |
Gross | Net | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars at December 31, 2008 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | inventory | Netting | (1) | balance | ||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under | |||||||||||||||||
agreements to resell | $ | - | $ | 96,524 | $ | - | $ | 96,524 | $ | (26,219 | ) | $ | 70,305 | ||||
Trading account assets | |||||||||||||||||
Trading securities and loans | 90,530 | 121,043 | 50,773 | 262,346 | - | 262,346 | |||||||||||
Derivatives | 9,675 | 1,102,252 | 60,725 | 1,172,652 | (1,057,363 | ) | 115,289 | ||||||||||
Investments | 44,342 | 111,836 | 28,273 | 184,451 | - | 184,451 | |||||||||||
Loans (2) | - | 2,572 | 160 | 2,732 | - | 2,732 | |||||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights | - | - | 5,657 | 5,657 | - | 5,657 | |||||||||||
Other financial assets measured on a recurring basis | - | 25,540 | 359 | 25,899 | (4,527 | ) | 21,372 | ||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 144,547 | $ | 1,459,767 | $ | 145,947 | $ | 1,750,261 | $ | (1,088,109 | ) | $ | 662,152 | ||||
8.3 | % | 83.4 | % | 8.3 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | - | $ | 2,552 | $ | 54 | $ | 2,606 | $ | - | $ | 2,606 | |||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under | |||||||||||||||||
agreements to repurchase | - | 153,918 | 11,167 | 165,085 | (26,219 | ) | 138,866 | ||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | 36,848 | 13,192 | 653 | 50,693 | - | 50,693 | |||||||||||
Derivatives | 10,038 | 1,094,435 | 57,139 | 1,161,612 | (1,046,505 | ) | 115,107 | ||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | - | 16,278 | 1,329 | 17,607 | - | 17,607 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt | - | 16,065 | 11,198 | 27,263 | - | 27,263 | |||||||||||
Other financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis | - | 18,093 | 1 | 18,094 | (4,527 | ) | 13,567 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 46,886 | $ | 1,314,533 | $ | 81,541 | $ | 1,442,960 | $ | (1,077,251 | ) | $ | 365,709 | ||||
3.2 | % | 91.1 | % | 5.7 | % | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Represents netting of: (i) the amounts due under securities purchased under agreements to resell and the amounts owed under securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and (ii) derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement, cash collateral, and the market value adjustment. | |
(2) | There is no allowance for loan losses recorded for loans reported at fair value. |
229
Changes in
Level 3 Fair Value Category
The following tables present the changes in
the Level 3 fair value category for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008.
The Company classifies financial instruments in Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input
to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation
models for Level 3 financial instruments typically also rely on a number of
inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. Thus, the
gains and losses presented below include changes in the fair value related to
both observable and unobservable inputs.
The Company often hedges positions with offsetting positions that are classified in a different level. For example, the gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the tables below do not reflect the effect of offsetting losses and gains on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Company in the Level 1 and Level 2 categories. In addition, the Company hedges items classified in the Level 3 category with instruments also classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following tables.
Net realized/unrealized | Transfers | Purchases, | Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||
gains (losses) included in | in and/or | issuances | gains | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, | Principal | out of | and | December 31, | (losses) | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2008 | transactions | Other | (1)(2) | Level 3 | settlements | 2009 | still held | (3) | ||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trading mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | $ | 1,325 | $ | 243 | $ | - | $ | 35 | $ | (631 | ) | $ | 972 | $ | 317 | ||||||
Prime | 147 | (295 | ) | - | 498 | 34 | 384 | (179 | ) | ||||||||||||
Alt-A | 1,153 | (78 | ) | - | (374 | ) | (314 | ) | 387 | 73 | |||||||||||
Subprime | 13,844 | 233 | - | (997 | ) | (4,082 | ) | 8,998 | 472 | ||||||||||||
Non-U.S. residential | 858 | (23 | ) | - | (617 | ) | 354 | 572 | 125 | ||||||||||||
Commercial | 2,949 | (256 | ) | - | 362 | (604 | ) | 2,451 | (762 | ) | |||||||||||
Total trading mortgage-backed securities | $ | 20,276 | $ | (176 | ) | $ | - | $ | (1,093 | ) | $ | (5,243 | ) | $ | 13,764 | $ | 46 | ||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||
Agency obligations | 59 | (108 | ) | - | (54 | ) | 103 | - | - | ||||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal | |||||||||||||||||||||
agencies securities | $ | 59 | $ | (108 | ) | $ | - | $ | (54 | ) | $ | 103 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
State and municipal | $ | 233 | $ | (67 | ) | $ | - | $ | 219 | $ | (163 | ) | $ | 222 | $ | 4 | |||||
Foreign government | 1,261 | 112 | - | (396 | ) | (518 | ) | 459 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | 13,027 | (184 | ) | - | (1,492 | ) | (2,731 | ) | 8,620 | (449 | ) | ||||||||||
Equity securities | 1,387 | 260 | - | (1,147 | ) | 140 | 640 | (22 | ) | ||||||||||||
Other debt securities | 14,530 | 1,637 | - | (2,520 | ) | 2,590 | 16,237 | 53 | |||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 50,773 | $ | 1,474 | $ | - | $ | (6,483 | ) | $ | (5,822 | ) | $ | 39,942 | $ | (365 | ) | ||||
Derivatives, net (4) | $ | 3,586 | $ | (4,878 | ) | $ | - | $ | 80 | $ | 4,320 | $ | 3,108 | $ | (4,854 | ) | |||||
Investments | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1 | $ | 77 | $ | (76 | ) | $ | 2 | $ | - | ||||||
Prime | 1,163 | - | 201 | 61 | (689 | ) | 736 | 417 | |||||||||||||
Alt-A | 111 | - | 42 | (61 | ) | (37 | ) | 55 | - | ||||||||||||
Subprime | 25 | - | (7 | ) | (19 | ) | 2 | 1 | - | ||||||||||||
Commercial | 964 | - | 87 | (461 | ) | 156 | 746 | 8 | |||||||||||||
Total investment mortgage-backed | |||||||||||||||||||||
debt securities | $ | 2,263 | $ | - | $ | 324 | $ | (403 | ) | $ | (644 | ) | $ | 1,540 | $ | 425 | |||||
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Agency obligations | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 26 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 21 | $ | - | ||||||
Total U.S. Treasury and federal | |||||||||||||||||||||
agencies securities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 26 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 21 | $ | - | ||||||
State and municipal | $ | 222 | $ | - | $ | 2 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | 6 | $ | 217 | $ | - | ||||||
Foreign government | 571 | - | (6 | ) | (302 | ) | 7 | 270 | (3 | ) | |||||||||||
Corporate | 1,019 | - | 13 | 762 | (537 | ) | 1,257 | 16 | |||||||||||||
Equity securities | 3,807 | - | (453 | ) | (146 | ) | (695 | ) | 2,513 | 41 | |||||||||||
Other debt securities | 11,324 | - | 279 | (1,292 | ) | (1,479 | ) | 8,832 | (81 | ) | |||||||||||
Non-marketable equity securities | 9,067 | - | (538 | ) | (137 | ) | (1,639 | ) | 6,753 | 69 | |||||||||||
Total investments | $ | 28,273 | $ | - | $ | (379 | ) | $ | (1,505 | ) | $ | (4,986 | ) | $ | 21,403 | $ | 467 |
230
Net realized/unrealized | Transfers | Purchases, | Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||
gains (losses) included in | in and/or | issuances | gains | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, | Principal | out of | and | December 31, | (losses) | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2008 | transactions | Other | (1) (2) | Level 3 | settlements | 2009 | still held | (3) | ||||||||||||
Loans | $ | 160 | $ | - | $ | 51 | $ | 7 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 213 | $ | 9 | ||||||
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,657 | - | 1,543 | - | (670 | ) | 6,530 | 1,582 | |||||||||||||
Other financial assets measured on a | |||||||||||||||||||||
recurring basis | 359 | - | 305 | 761 | (324 | ) | 1,101 | 215 | |||||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 54 | $ | - | $ | 2 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | 28 | $ | (14 | ) | ||||
Federal funds purchased and securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
loaned or sold under agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||
to repurchase | 11,167 | 359 | - | (8,601 | ) | (151 | ) | 2,056 | 250 | ||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | 653 | (11 | ) | - | (180 | ) | 290 | 774 | (52 | ) | |||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 1,329 | (48 | ) | - | (775 | ) | (371 | ) | 231 | (76 | ) | ||||||||||
Long-term debt | 11,198 | (290 | ) | - | (504 | ) | (1,330 | ) | 9,654 | 124 | |||||||||||
Other financial liabilities measured on a | |||||||||||||||||||||
recurring basis | 1 | - | (75 | ) | - | (63 | ) | 13 | - | ||||||||||||
Net realized/unrealized | Transfers | Purchases, | Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||
gains (losses) included in | in and/or | issuances | gains | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, | Principal | out of | and | December 31, | (losses) | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2007 | transactions | Other | (1) (2) | Level 3 | settlements | 2008 | still held | (3) | ||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||
to resell | $ | 16 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (16 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Trading account assets | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities and loans | 75,573 | (28,052 | ) | - | 7,418 | (4,166 | ) | 50,773 | (19,572 | ) | |||||||||||
Derivatives, net (4) | (2,470 | ) | 7,804 | - | (2,188 | ) | 440 | 3,586 | 9,622 | ||||||||||||
Investments | 17,060 | - | (4,917 | ) | 5,787 | 10,343 | 28,273 | (801 | ) | ||||||||||||
Loans | 9 | - | (15 | ) | - | 166 | 160 | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights | 8,380 | - | (1,870 | ) | - | (853 | ) | 5,657 | (1,870 | ) | |||||||||||
Other financial assets measured on a | |||||||||||||||||||||
recurring basis | 1,171 | - | 86 | 422 | (1,320 | ) | 359 | 86 | |||||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 56 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | - | $ | 13 | $ | (20 | ) | $ | 54 | $ | (3 | ) | ||||
Securities sold under agreements | |||||||||||||||||||||
to repurchase | 6,158 | (273 | ) | - | 6,158 | (1,422 | ) | 11,167 | (136 | ) | |||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | 473 | 153 | - | 1,036 | (703 | ) | 653 | 328 | |||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 5,016 | 106 | - | (1,798 | ) | (1,783 | ) | 1,329 | (63 | ) | |||||||||||
Long-term debt | 8,953 | 2,228 | - | 38,792 | (34,319 | ) | 11,198 | 1,115 | |||||||||||||
Other financial liabilities measured on a | |||||||||||||||||||||
recurring basis | 1 | - | (61 | ) | - | (61 | ) | 1 | - |
(1) | Changes in fair value for available-for-sale investments (debt securities) are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income , while gains and losses from sales are recorded in Realized gains (losses) from sales of investments on the Consolidated Statement of Income. |
(2) | Unrealized gains (losses) on MSRs are recorded in Commissions and fees on the Consolidated Statement of Income. |
(3) | Represents the amount of total gains or losses for the period, included in earnings (and Accumulated other comprehensive income for changes in fair value for available-for-sale investments), attributable to the change in fair value relating to assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 that are still held at December 31, 2009 and 2008. |
(4) | Total Level 3 derivative exposures have been netted in these tables for presentation purposes only. |
231
The following is a discussion of the changes to the Level 3 balances for each of the roll-forward tables presented above.
The significant changes from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009 in Level 3 assets and liabilities are due to:
A net decrease in trading securities of $10.8 billion that was driven by:
– Net transfers of $6.5 billion, due mainly to the transfer of debt securities from Level 3 to Level 2 due to increased liquidity and pricing transparency; and
– Net settlements of $5.8 billion, due primarily to the liquidations of subprime securities of $4.1 billion.
The change in net trading derivatives driven by:
– A net loss of $4.9 billion relating to complex derivative contracts, such as those linked to credit, equity and commodity exposures. These losses include both realized and unrealized losses during 2009 and are partially offset by gains recognized in instruments that have been classified in Levels 1 and 2; and
– Net increase in derivative assets of $4.3 billion, which includes cash settlements of derivative contracts in an unrealized loss position, notably those linked to subprime exposures.
The decrease in Level 3 Investments of $6.9 billion primarily resulted from:
– A reduction of $5.0 billion, due mainly to paydowns on debt securities and sales of private equity investments;
– The net transfer of investment securities from Level 3 to Level 2 of $1.5 billion, due to increased availability of observable pricing inputs; and
– Net losses recognized of $0.4 billion due mainly to losses on non-marketable equity securities including write-downs on private equity investments.
The decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $9.1 billion is driven by a $8.6 billion net transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 as effective maturity dates on structured repos have shortened.
The decrease in long-term debt of $1.5 billion is driven mainly by $1.3 billion of net terminations of structured notes.
The significant changes from December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2008 in Level 3 are due to:
A net decrease in trading securities and loans of $24.8 billion that was driven by:
– Net realized and unrealized losses of $28.1 billion recorded in Principal transactions , which was composed mostly of write-downs recognized on various trading securities including ABCP of $9 billion;
– Net transfers in of $7.4 billion, which consisted of approximately $26 billion of net transfers in from Level 2 as the availability of observable pricing inputs continued to decline due to the current credit crisis, offset by transfers out of Level 3 of approximately $19 billion primarily related to Level 3 trading inventory being reclassified to held-to-maturity investments during the fourth quarter of 2008; and
– Net settlements of trading securities of $4.2 billion.
The shift in the net unrealized gains/(losses) from trading derivatives driven by:
– A net gain of $7.8 billion relating to complex derivative contracts, such as those linked to credit, equity and commodity exposures. These gains include both realized and unrealized gains and are partially offset by losses recognized in instruments that have been classified in Levels 1 and 2; and
– $2.2 billion in net transfers in.
The increase in Investments of $11.2 billion primarily resulted from:
– The addition of $10.3 billion from net purchases, issuances and settlements, which included $8.7 billion in senior debt securities retained by the Company from its sale of a corporate loan portfolio that included highly leveraged loans during the second quarter of 2008, plus $3 billion of ARS securities purchased from GWM clients, in accordance with the Auction Rate Securities settlement agreement;
– The net transfer in of investment securities from Level 2 of $5.8 billion, as the availability of observable pricing inputs continued to decline due to the current credit crisis; and
– Net losses recognized of $4.9 billion which was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) primarily related to Alt-A MBS classified as available-for-sale investments.
232
– The net transfers in of $38.8 billion, substantially all of which related to the transfer of consolidated SIV debt in the first quarter of 2008, as the availability of observable inputs continued to decline due to the current crisis; offset by
– $2.2 billion in gains recognized as credit spreads widened during the year; and
– $34.3 billion decrease from net settlements/payments. Included in these settlements were $21 billion of payments made on maturing SIV debt and the replacement of $17 billion of non-recourse, consolidated SIV debt classified as Level 3 with Citigroup debt classified as Level 2. This replacement occurred in connection with the purchase of the SIV assets by the Company in November 2008.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a
Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a
nonrecurring basis and therefore are not included in the tables
above.
These include assets measured at cost that have been written down to fair
value during the periods as a result of an impairment. In addition, these assets
include loans held-for-sale that are measured at LOCOM that were recognized at
fair value below cost at the end of the period.
The fair value of loans measured on a LOCOM
basis is determined where possible using quoted secondary-market prices. Such
loans are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair-value hierarchy given the
level of activity in the market and the frequency of available quotes. If no
such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted
prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of
that loan.
The following table presents all loans
held-for-sale that are carried at LOCOM as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 (in
billions):
Aggregate | |||||||
cost | Fair value | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||
December 31, 2009 | $2.5 | $1.6 | $0.3 | $1.3 | |||
December 31, 2008 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
233
27. FAIR VALUE
ELECTIONS
The Company
may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair
value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported
in earnings. After the initial adoption, the election is made upon the
acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm
commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The
fair-value election may not be revoked once an election is
made.
Additionally, the transition provisions of ASC
825-10 (SFAS 159) permit a one-time election for existing positions at the
adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment included in opening retained
earnings and future changes in fair value reported in earnings.
The Company also has elected to adopt the fair value accounting
provisions for certain assets and liabilities prospectively. Hybrid financial
instruments, such as structured notes containing embedded derivatives that
otherwise would require bifurcation, as well as certain interest-only
instruments, may be accounted for at fair value if the Company makes an
irrevocable election to do so on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The changes
in fair value are recorded in current earnings. Additional discussion regarding
the applicable areas in which fair value elections were made is presented in
Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
All servicing rights must now be recognized
initially at fair value. At its initial adoption, the standard permitted a
one-time irrevocable election to re-measure each class of servicing rights at
fair value, with the changes in fair value recorded in current earnings. The
classes of servicing rights are identified based on the availability of market
inputs used in determining their fair values and the methods for managing their
risks. The Company has elected fair-value accounting for its mortgage and
student loan classes of servicing rights. The impact of adopting this standard
was not material. See Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
further discussions regarding the accounting and reporting of mortgage servicing
rights.
234
The following table presents, as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the fair value of those positions selected for fair-value accounting, as well as the changes in fair value for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Changes in | Changes in | |||||||||||
fair value | fair value | |||||||||||
Fair value at | Fair value at | gains | gains | |||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | (losses) | (losses) | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | (1) | |||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | ||||||||||||
Selected portfolios of securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed (2) | $ | 87,837 | $ | 70,305 | $ | (864 | ) | $ | 2,438 | |||
Trading account assets | ||||||||||||
Legg Mason convertible preferred equity securities originally classified as available-for-sale | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (13 | ) | |||
Selected letters of credit hedged by credit default swaps or participation notes | 30 | - | 64 | - | ||||||||
Certain credit products | 14,338 | 16,254 | 5,916 | (6,272 | ) | |||||||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | - | 33 | - | 3 | ||||||||
Retained interests from asset securitizations | 2,357 | 3,026 | 2,024 | (1,890 | ) | |||||||
Total trading account assets | $ | 16,725 | $ | 19,313 | $ | 8,004 | $ | (8,172 | ) | |||
Investments | ||||||||||||
Certain investments in private equity and real estate ventures | $ | 321 | $ | 469 | $ | (67 | ) | $ | (254 | ) | ||
Other | 253 | 295 | (70 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||
Total investments | $ | 574 | $ | 764 | $ | (137 | ) | $ | (289 | ) | ||
Loans | ||||||||||||
Certain credit products | $ | 945 | $ | 2,315 | $ | 35 | $ | (60 | ) | |||
Certain mortgage loans | 34 | 36 | 3 | (34 | ) | |||||||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | 460 | 381 | 27 | 19 | ||||||||
Total loans | $ | 1,439 | $ | 2,732 | $ | 65 | $ | (75 | ) | |||
Other assets | ||||||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 6,530 | $ | 5,657 | $ | 1,543 | $ | (1,870 | ) | |||
Certain mortgage loans | 3,338 | 4,273 | 35 | 78 | ||||||||
Certain equity method investments | 598 | 936 | 211 | (362 | ) | |||||||
Total other assets | $ | 10,466 | $ | 10,866 | $ | 1,789 | $ | (2,154 | ) | |||
Total | $ | 117,041 | $ | 103,980 | $ | 8,857 | $ | (8,252 | ) | |||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits | ||||||||||||
Certain structured liabilities | $ | 167 | $ | 320 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | 1,378 | 2,286 | (701 | ) | 640 | |||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits | $ | 1,545 | $ | 2,606 | $ | (701 | ) | $ | 640 | |||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | ||||||||||||
Selected portfolios of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned (2) | $ | 104,030 | $ | 138,866 | $ | 155 | $ | (319 | ) | |||
Trading account liabilities | ||||||||||||
Selected letters of credit hedged by credit default swaps or participation notes | $ | - | $ | 72 | $ | 37 | $ | (81 | ) | |||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | 5,325 | 4,679 | (2,360 | ) | 4,663 | |||||||
Total trading account liabilities | $ | 5,325 | $ | 4,751 | $ | (2,323 | ) | $ | 4,582 | |||
Short-term borrowings | ||||||||||||
Certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings | $ | 140 | $ | 2,303 | $ | (19 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | ||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | 499 | 2,112 | (100 | ) | 277 | |||||||
Certain structured liabilities | - | 3 | - | 1 | ||||||||
Certain non-structured liabilities | - | 13,189 | (33 | ) | 250 | |||||||
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 639 | $ | 17,607 | $ | (152 | ) | $ | 519 | |||
Long-term debt | ||||||||||||
Certain structured liabilities | $ | 3,666 | $ | 3,083 | $ | (268 | ) | $ | 160 | |||
Certain non-structured liabilities | 8,008 | 7,189 | (303 | ) | 3,802 | |||||||
Certain hybrid financial instruments | 14,268 | 16,991 | (2,612 | ) | 3,730 | |||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 25,942 | $ | 27,263 | $ | (3,183 | ) | $ | 7,692 | |||
Total | $ | 137,481 | $ | 191,093 | $ | (6,204 | ) | $ | 13,114 |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to current period's presentation. |
(2) | Reflects netting of the amounts due from securities purchased under agreements to resell and the amounts owed under securities sold under agreements to repurchase. |
235
Own Credit Valuation
Adjustment
The fair
value of debt liabilities for which the fair value option was elected (other
than non-recourse and similar liabilities) was impacted by the narrowing of the
Company's credit spreads. The estimated change in the fair value of these debt
liabilities due to such changes in the Company's own credit risk (or
instrument-specific credit risk) was a loss of $4.226 billion and a gain of
$4.558 billion for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk
were estimated by incorporating the Company's current observable credit spreads
into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability as described
above.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company changed the source of its
credit spreads from those observed in the credit default swap market to those
observed in the bond market. Had this modification been in place since the
beginning of 2008, the change in the Company's own credit spread would have
resulted in a gain of $2.49 billion and a gain of $2.02 billion for the three
and twelve months ended December 31, 2008, respectively. See also Note 1 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's
correction of an error in the calculation of CVA for prior
periods.
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Selected portfolios of securities purchased under agreements to resell,
securities borrowed, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities
loaned and certain non-collateralized short-term
borrowings
The
Company elected the fair value option retrospectively for our United States and
United Kingdom portfolios of fixed-income securities purchased under agreements
to resell and fixed-income securities sold under agreements to repurchase (and
certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings). The fair value option was
also elected prospectively in the second quarter of 2007 for certain portfolios
of fixed-income securities lending and borrowing transactions based in Japan. In
each case, the election was made because the related interest-rate risk is
managed on a portfolio basis, primarily with derivative instruments that are
accounted for at fair value through earnings. Previously, these positions were
accounted for on an accrual basis.
Changes in fair value for transactions in these portfolios are recorded in Principal transactions . The related interest revenue and interest expense are measured based on the contractual rates specified in the transactions and are reported as interest revenue and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Legg Mason convertible preferred equity
securities
The
Legg Mason convertible preferred equity securities (Legg shares) were acquired
in connection with the sale of Citigroup's Asset Management business in December
2005. Prior to the election of fair value option accounting, the shares were
classified as available-for-sale securities with the unrealized loss of $232
million as of December 31, 2006 included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) .
This unrealized loss was recorded upon election of a fair value as a reduction
of January 1, 2007 Retained earnings as
part of the cumulative-effect adjustment.
During the first quarter of
2008, the Company sold the remaining 8.4 million Legg shares at a pretax loss of
$10.3 million ($6.7 million after-tax).
Selected letters of credit and revolving loans hedged by credit default
swaps or participation notes
The Company has elected the fair value option
for certain letters of credit that are hedged with derivative instruments or
participation notes. Upon electing the fair value option, the related portions
of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded lending
commitments were reversed. Citigroup elected the fair value option for these
transactions because the risk is managed on a fair value basis and mitigates
accounting mismatches.
The notional amount of these unfunded letters
of credit was $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2009 and $1.4 billion as of
December 31, 2008. The amount funded was insignificant with no amounts 90 days
or more past due or on a non-accrual status at December 31, 2009 and
2008.
These items have been classified in Trading account assets or Trading account liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in fair value of these items
are classified in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of
Income.
Certain credit products
Citigroup has elected the fair value option
for certain originated and purchased loans, including certain unfunded loan
products, such as guarantees and letters of credit, executed by Citigroup's
trading businesses. None of these credit products is a highly leveraged
financing commitment. Significant groups of transactions include loans and
unfunded loan products that are expected to be either sold or securitized in the
near term, or transactions where the economic risks are hedged with derivative
instruments such as purchased credit default swaps or total return swaps where
the Company pays the total return on the underlying loans to a third party.
Citigroup has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in
cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational
simplifications. Fair value was not elected for most lending transactions across
the Company, including where those management objectives would not be
met.
236
The following table provides information about certain credit products carried at fair value:
December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | (1) | ||||||
In millions of dollars | Trading assets | Loans | Trading assets | Loans | ||||
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet | $14,338 | $945 | $16,254 | $2,315 | ||||
Aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of fair value | 390 | (44 | ) | 6,501 | 3 | |||
Balance of non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due | 312 | - | 77 | - | ||||
Aggregate unpaid
principal balance in excess of fair value for non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due | 267 | - | 190 | - |
(1) | Reclassified to conform to current period's presentation. |
In addition to the amounts reported above, $200 million and $72 million
of unfunded loan commitments related to certain credit products selected for
fair value accounting were outstanding as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively.
Changes in fair value of funded and unfunded
credit products are classified in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest
revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported
as Interest revenue on trading account assets or loans depending
on their balance sheet classifications. The changes in fair value for the years
ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 due to instrument-specific credit risk totaled
to a gain of $5.9 billion and a loss of $6.0 billion,
respectively.
Certain hybrid financial instruments
The Company has elected to apply fair value
accounting for certain hybrid financial assets and liabilities whose performance
is linked to risks other than interest rate, foreign exchange or inflation
(e.g., equity, credit or commodity risks). In addition, the Company has elected
fair value accounting for residual interests retained from securitizing certain
financial assets.
The Company has elected fair value accounting
for these instruments because these exposures are considered to be
trading-related positions and, therefore, are managed on a fair value basis. In
addition, the accounting for these instruments is simplified under a fair value
approach as it eliminates the complicated operational requirements of
bifurcating the embedded derivatives from the host contracts and accounting for
each separately. The hybrid financial instruments are classified as Trading account assets, Loans , Deposits , Trading account liabilitie s (for prepaid derivatives), Short-term borrowings or Long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet
according to their legal form, while residual interests in certain
securitizations are classified as Trading account assets .
For hybrid
financial instruments for which fair value accounting has been elected and that
are classified as Long-term debt , the aggregate unpaid principal exceeded the
aggregate fair value by $3.4 billion and $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2009
and 2008, respectively. The difference for those instruments classified as Loans is immaterial.
Changes in fair value for hybrid financial instruments, which in most cases includes a component for accrued interest, are recorded in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Interest accruals for certain hybrid instruments classified as trading assets are recorded separately from the change in fair value as Interest revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
Certain investments in private
equity and real estate ventures and certain equity method
investments
Citigroup invests
in private equity and real estate ventures for the purpose of earning investment
returns and for capital appreciation. The Company has elected the fair value
option for certain of these ventures, because such investments are considered
similar to many private equity or hedge fund activities in our investment
companies, which are reported at fair value. The fair value option brings
consistency in the accounting and evaluation of certain of these investments.
All investments (debt and equity) in such private equity and real estate
entities are accounted for at fair value. These investments are classified
as Investments on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance
Sheet.
Citigroup also holds various non-strategic
investments in leveraged buyout funds and other hedge funds that previously were
required to be accounted for under the equity method. The Company elected fair
value accounting to reduce operational and accounting complexity. Since the
funds account for all of their underlying assets at fair value, the impact of
applying the equity method to Citigroup's investment in these funds was
equivalent to fair value accounting. Thus, this fair value election had no
impact on opening Retained earnings .
These investments are classified as Other assets on
Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Changes in the fair values of these
investments are classified in Other revenue in
the Company's Consolidated Statement of
Income.
237
Certain mortgage loans
Citigroup has elected the fair value option
for certain purchased and originated prime fixed-rate and conforming
adjustable-rate first mortgage loans held-for-sale. These loans are intended for
sale or securitization and are hedged with derivative instruments. The Company
has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases
where hedge
accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications. The fair value option was not elected for loans held-for-investment, as those loans are not hedged with derivative instruments.
The following table provides information about certain mortgage loans carried at fair value:
In millions of dollars | December 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | |||
Carrying amount reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet | $ | 3,338 | $ | 4,273 | |
Aggregate fair value in excess of unpaid principal balance | 55 | 138 | |||
Balance of non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due | 4 | 9 | |||
Aggregate unpaid
principal balance in excess of fair value for
non-accrual loans or loans more than 90 days past due | 3 | 2 |
The changes in fair values of these mortgage loans are reported in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. The changes in fair value during the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 due to instrument-specific credit risk resulted in a $10 million loss and $32 million loss, respectively. Related interest income continues to be measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Mortgage servicing rights
The Company accounts for mortgage servicing
rights (MSRs) at fair value. Fair value for MSRs is determined using an
option-adjusted spread valuation approach. This approach consists of projecting
servicing cash flows under multiple interest-rate scenarios and discounting
these cash flows using risk-adjusted rates. The model assumptions used in the
valuation of MSRs include mortgage prepayment speeds and discount rates. The
fair value of MSRs is primarily affected by changes in prepayments that result
from shifts in mortgage interest rates. In managing this risk, the Company
hedges a significant portion of the values of its MSRs through the use of
interest-rate derivative contracts, forward-purchase commitments of
mortgage-backed securities, and purchased securities classified as trading. See
Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions
regarding the accounting and reporting of MSRs.
These MSRs, which totaled $6.5 billion and
$5.7 billion as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, are classified as Mortgage servicing rights on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Changes in fair value of MSRs are recorded in Commissions and fees in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
Certain structured liabilities
The Company has elected the fair value option
for certain structured liabilities whose performance is linked to structured
interest rates, inflation or currency risks ("structured liabilities"). The
Company elected the fair value option, because these exposures are considered to
be trading-related positions and, therefore, are managed on a fair value basis.
These positions will continue to be classified
as
For those structured liabilities classified as Long-term debt for which the fair value option has been elected, the aggregate unpaid principal balance exceeded the aggregate fair value by $125 million and $671 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The change in fair value for these structured liabilities is reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
Related interest expense is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Income Statement.
Certain non-structured liabilities
The Company has elected the fair value option
for certain non-structured liabilities with fixed and floating interest rates
("non-structured liabilities"). The Company has elected the fair value option
where the interest-rate risk of such liabilities is economically hedged with
derivative contracts or the proceeds are used to purchase financial assets that
will also be accounted for at fair value through earnings. The election has been
made to mitigate accounting mismatches and to achieve operational
simplifications. These positions are reported in Short-term borrowings and Long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance
Sheet.
For those non-structured liabilities
classified as Short-term borrowings for which the fair value option has been
elected, the aggregate unpaid principal balance exceeded the aggregate fair
value of such instruments by $220 million as of December 31, 2008.
For non-structured liabilities classified as Long-term debt for which the fair value option has been
elected, the aggregate unpaid principal balance exceeded the aggregate fair
value by $1,542 million and $856 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. The change in fair value for these non-structured liabilities is
reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of
Income.
Related interest expense continues to be
measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the
Consolidated Income Statement.
238
28. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Estimated Fair Value of Financial
Instruments
The table
below presents the carrying value and fair value of Citigroup's financial
instruments. The disclosure excludes leases, affiliate investments, pension and
benefit obligations and insurance policy claim reserves. In addition,
contract-holder fund amounts exclude certain insurance contracts. Also as
required, the disclosure excludes the effect of taxes, any premium or discount
that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a
particular instrument, excess fair value associated with deposits with no fixed
maturity and other expenses that would be incurred in a market transaction. In
addition, the table excludes the values of non-financial assets and liabilities,
as well as a wide range of franchise, relationship and intangible values (but
includes mortgage servicing rights), which are integral to a full assessment of
Citigroup's financial position and the value of its net assets.
The fair value represents management's best estimates based on a range of
methodologies and assumptions. The carrying value of short-term financial
instruments not accounted for at fair value, as well as receivables and payables
arising in the ordinary course of business, approximates fair value because of
the relatively short period of time between their origination and expected
realization. Quoted market prices are used when available for investments and
for both trading and end-user derivatives, as well as for liabilities, such as
long-term debt, with quoted prices. For performing loans not accounted for at
fair value, contractual cash flows are discounted at quoted secondary market
rates or estimated market rates if available. Otherwise, sales of comparable
loan portfolios or current market origination rates for loans with similar terms
and risk characteristics are used. For loans with doubt as to collectability,
expected cash flows are discounted using an appropriate rate considering the
time of collection and the premium for the uncertainty of the cash flows. This
method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit-price concept of
fair value prescribed by ASC 820-10 (SFAS No. 157). The value of collateral is
also considered. For liabilities such as long-term debt not accounted for at
fair value and without quoted market prices, market borrowing rates of interest
are used to discount contractual cash flows.
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Carrying | Estimated | Carrying | Estimated | ||||
In billions of dollars at year end | value | fair value | value | fair value | |||
Assets | |||||||
Investments | $306.1 | $307.6 | $256.0 | $251.9 | |||
Federal funds sold and | |||||||
securities borrowed or | |||||||
purchased under | |||||||
agreements to resell | 222.0 | 222.0 | 184.1 | 184.1 | |||
Trading account assets | 342.8 | 342.8 | 377.6 | 377.6 | |||
Loans (1) | 552.5 | 542.8 | 660.9 | 642.7 | |||
Other financial assets (2) | 290.9 | 290.9 | 316.6 | 316.6 |
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Carrying | Estimated | Carrying | Estimated | ||||
In billions of dollars at year end | value | fair value | value | fair value | |||
Liabilities | |||||||
Deposits | $835.9 | $834.5 | $774.2 | $772.9 | |||
Federal funds purchased and | |||||||
securities loaned or sold | |||||||
under agreements to | |||||||
repurchase | 154.3 | 154.3 | 205.3 | 205.3 | |||
Trading account liabilities | 137.5 | 137.5 | 165.8 | 165.8 | |||
Long-term debt | 364.0 | 354.8 | 359.6 | 317.1 | |||
Other financial liabilities (3) | 175.8 | 175.8 | 255.6 | 255.6 |
(1) | The carrying value of loans is net of the Allowance for loan losses of $36.0 billion for 2009 and $29.6 billion for 2008. In addition, the carrying values exclude $2.9 billion and $3.7 billion of lease finance receivables in 2009 and 2008, respectively. |
(2) | Includes cash and due from banks, deposits with banks, brokerage receivables, reinsurance recoverable, mortgage servicing rights, separate and variable accounts and other financial instruments included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, for all of which the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. |
(3) | Includes brokerage payables, separate and variable accounts, short-term borrowings and other financial instruments included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, for all of which the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. |
Fair values vary from period to period based on changes in a wide range
of factors, including interest rates, credit quality, and market perceptions of
value and as existing assets and liabilities run off and new transactions are
entered into.
The estimated fair values of loans reflect
changes in credit status since the loans were made, changes in interest rates in
the case of fixed-rate loans, and premium values at origination of certain
loans. The carrying values (reduced by the Allowance for loan losses ) exceeded the estimated fair values of Citigroup's loans, in aggregate,
by $9.7 billion and by $18.2 billion in 2009 and 2008, respectively. At December
31, 2009, the carrying values, net of allowances, exceeded the estimated values
by $8.2 billion and $1.5 billion for consumer loans and corporate loans,
respectively.
The estimated
fair values of the Company's corporate unfunded lending commitments at December
31, 2009 and 2008 were liabilities of $3.3 billion and $7.1 billion,
respectively. The Company does not estimate the fair values of consumer unfunded
lending commitments, which are generally cancellable by providing notice to the
borrower.
239
29. PLEDGED ASSETS, COLLATERAL, COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES
Pledged Assets
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the approximate
fair values of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other assets
pledged, excluding the impact of allowable netting, were as follows:
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | |||
For securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 237,707 | $ | 237,055 | |
As collateral for securities borrowed for approximately | |||||
equivalent value | 44,095 | 81,740 | |||
As collateral on bank loans | 188,160 | 144,982 | |||
To clearing organizations or segregated under | |||||
securities laws and regulations | 21,385 | 41,312 | |||
For securities loaned | 36,767 | 51,158 | |||
Other | 30,000 | 52,576 | |||
Total | $ | 558,114 | $ | 608,823 |
In addition, included in cash and due from banks at December 31, 2009 and
2008 are $11.2 billion and $11.7 billion, respectively, of cash segregated under
federal and other brokerage regulations or deposited with clearing
organizations.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company had
$1.9 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, of outstanding letters of credit
from third-party banks to satisfy various collateral and margin requirements.
Collateral
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the approximate
market value of collateral received by the Company that may be sold or repledged
by the Company, excluding amounts netted was $346.2 billion and $340.2 billion,
respectively. This collateral was received in connection with resale agreements,
securities borrowings and loans, derivative transactions and margined broker
loans.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, a substantial
portion of the collateral received by the Company had been sold or repledged in
connection with repurchase agreements, securities sold, not yet purchased,
securities borrowings and loans, pledges to clearing organizations, segregation
requirements under securities laws and regulations, derivative transactions and
bank loans.
In addition, at December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company had pledged $253 billion and $236 billion, respectively, of collateral that may not be sold or repledged by the secured parties.
Lease Commitments
Rental expense (principally for offices and
computer equipment) was $2.0 billion, $2.7 billion and $2.3 billion for the
years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Future minimum annual rentals under
noncancelable leases, net of sublease income, are as follows:
In millions of dollars | ||
2010 | $ | 1,247 |
2011 | 1,110 | |
2012 | 1,007 | |
2013 | 900 | |
2014 | 851 | |
Thereafter | 2,770 | |
Total | $ | 7,885 |
Guarantees
The Company provides a variety of guarantees
and indemnifications to Citigroup customers to enhance their credit standing and
enable them to complete a wide variety of business transactions. For certain
contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee, the guarantor must recognize,
at inception, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in
issuing the guarantee.
In addition, the guarantor must disclose the
maximum potential amount of future payments the guarantor could be required to
make under the guarantee, if there were a total default by the guaranteed
parties. The determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on
the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible
recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. Such
amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these
guarantees.
The following tables present information about the Company's guarantees at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
|
Maximum potential amount of future payments | |||||||||||
In billions of dollars at December 31, | Expire within | Expire after | Total amount | Carrying value | |||||||
except carrying value in millions | 1 year | 1 year | outstanding | (in millions) | |||||||
2009 | |||||||||||
Financial standby letters of credit | $ | 41.4 | $48.0 | $ | 89.4 | $ | 438.8 | ||||
Performance guarantees | 9.4 | 4.5 | 13.9 | 32.4 | |||||||
Derivative instruments considered to be guarantees | 4.1 | 3.6 | 7.7 | 569.2 | |||||||
Loans sold with recourse | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | 76.6 | |||||||
Securities lending indemnifications (1) | 64.5 | - | 64.5 | - | |||||||
Credit card merchant processing (1) | 59.7 | - | 59.7 | - | |||||||
Custody indemnifications and other | - | 33.5 | 33.5 | 121.4 | |||||||
Total | $ | 179.1 | $89.9 | $ | 269.0 | $ | 1,238.4 |
(1) | The carrying values of guarantees of collections of contractual cash flows, securities lending indemnifications and credit card merchant processing are not material, as the Company has determined that the amount and probability of potential liabilities arising from these guarantees are not significant. |
240
Maximum potential amount of future payments | |||||||||||
In billions of dollars at December 31, | Expire within | Expire after | Total amount | Carrying value | |||||||
except carrying value in millions | 1 year | 1 year | outstanding | (in millions) | |||||||
2008 | |||||||||||
Financial standby letters of credit | $ | 31.6 | $62.6 | $ | 94.2 | $ | 289.0 | ||||
Performance guarantees | 9.4 | 6.9 | 16.3 | 23.6 | |||||||
Derivative instruments considered to be guarantees (2) | 7.6 | 7.2 | 14.8 | 1,308.4 | |||||||
Guarantees of collection of contractual cash flows (1) | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | |||||||
Loans sold with recourse | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | 56.4 | |||||||
Securities lending indemnifications (1) | 47.6 | - | 47.6 | - | |||||||
Credit card merchant processing (1) | 56.7 | - | 56.7 | - | |||||||
Custody indemnifications and other | - | 21.6 | 21.6 | 149.2 | |||||||
Total | $ | 152.9 | $98.9 | $ | 251.8 | $ | 1,826.6 |
(1) | The carrying values of guarantees of collections of contractual cash flows, securities lending indemnifications and credit card merchant processing are not material, as the Company has determined that the amount and probability of potential liabilities arising from these guarantees are not significant. |
(2) | Reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. |
Financial standby letters of credit
Citigroup issues standby letters of credit
which substitute its own credit for that of the borrower. If a letter of credit
is drawn down, the borrower is obligated to repay Citigroup. Standby letters of
credit protect a third party from defaults on contractual obligations. Financial
standby letters of credit include guarantees of payment of insurance premiums
and reinsurance risks that support industrial revenue bond underwriting and
settlement of payment obligations to clearing houses, and also support options
and purchases of securities or are in lieu of escrow deposit accounts. Financial
standbys also backstop loans, credit facilities, promissory notes and trade
acceptances.
Performance guarantees
Performance guarantees and letters of credit
are issued to guarantee a customer's tender bid on a construction or
systems-installation project or to guarantee completion of such projects in
accordance with contract terms. They are also issued to support a customer's
obligation to supply specified products, commodities, or maintenance or warranty
services to a third party.
Derivative instruments considered to be
guarantees
Derivatives are financial instruments whose cash flows are based on a
notional amount or an underlying instrument, where there is little or no initial
investment, and whose terms require or permit net settlement. Derivatives may be
used for a variety of reasons, including risk management, or to enhance returns.
Financial institutions often act as intermediaries for their clients, helping
clients reduce their risks. However, derivatives may also be used to take a risk
position.
The derivative instruments considered to be
guarantees, which are presented in the tables above, include only those
instruments that require Citi to make payments to the counterparty based on
changes in an underlying that is related to an asset, a liability, or an equity
security held by the guaranteed party. More specifically, derivative instruments
considered to be guarantees include certain over-the-counter written put options
where the counterparty is not a bank, hedge fund or broker-dealer (such
counterparties are considered to be dealers in these markets, and may therefore
not hold the
underlying instruments).
However, credit derivatives sold by the Company are excluded from this
presentation, as they are disclosed separately within this note below. In
addition, non-credit derivative contracts that are cash settled and for which
the Company is unable to assert that it is probable the counterparty held the
underlying instrument at the inception of the contract also are excluded from
the disclosure above.
In instances where the Company's maximum
potential future payment is unlimited, the notional amount of the contract is
disclosed.
Guarantees of collection of contractual cash
flows
Guarantees
of collection of contractual cash flows protect investors in credit card
receivables securitization trusts from loss of interest relating to insufficient
collections on the underlying receivables in the trusts. The notional amount of
these guarantees as of December 31, 2008 was $300 million. No such guarantees
were outstanding as of December 31, 2009.
Loans sold with recourse
Loans sold with recourse represent the
Company's obligations to reimburse the buyers for loan losses under certain
circumstances. Recourse refers to the clause in a sales agreement under which a
lender will fully reimburse the buyer/investor for any losses resulting from the
purchased loans. This may be accomplished by the seller's taking back any loans
that become delinquent.
Securities lending indemnifications
Owners of securities frequently lend those
securities for a fee to other parties who may sell them short or deliver them to
another party to satisfy some other obligation. Banks may administer such
securities lending programs for their clients. Securities lending
indemnifications are issued by the bank to guarantee that a securities lending
customer will be made whole in the event that the security borrower does not
return the security subject to the lending agreement and collateral held is
insufficient to cover the market value of the security.
241
Credit card merchant processing
Credit card merchant processing guarantees
represent the Company's indirect obligations in connection with the processing
of private label and bankcard transactions on behalf of
merchants.
Citigroup's primary credit card business is
the issuance of credit cards to individuals. In addition, the Company provides
transaction processing services to various merchants with respect to bankcard
and private-label cards. In the event of a billing dispute with respect to a
bankcard transaction between a merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately
resolved in the cardholder's favor, the third party holds the primary contingent
liability to credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and charge back the
transaction to the merchant. If the third party is unable to collect this amount
from the merchant, it bears the loss for the amount of the credit or refund paid
to the cardholder.
The Company continues to have the primary
contingent liability with respect to its portfolio of private-label merchants.
The risk of loss is mitigated as the cash flows between the third party or the
Company and the merchant are settled on a net basis and the third party or the
Company has the right to offset any payments with cash flows otherwise due to
the merchant. To further mitigate this risk, the third party or the Company may
require a merchant to make an escrow deposit, delay settlement, or include event
triggers to provide the third party or the Company with more financial and
operational control in the event of the financial deterioration of the merchant,
or require various credit enhancements (including letters of credit and bank
guarantees). In the unlikely event that a private-label merchant is unable to
deliver products, services or a refund to its private-label cardholders,
Citigroup is contingently liable to credit or refund cardholders. In addition,
although a third party holds the primary contingent liability with respect to
the processing of bankcard transactions, in the event that the third party does
not have sufficient collateral from the merchant or sufficient financial
resources of its own to provide the credit or refunds to the cardholders,
Citigroup would be liable to credit or refund the
cardholders.
The Company's maximum potential contingent
liability related to both bankcard and private-label merchant processing
services is estimated to be the total volume of credit card transactions that
meet the requirements to be valid chargeback transactions at any given time. At
December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, this maximum potential exposure was
estimated to be $60 billion and $57 billion,
respectively.
However, the Company believes that the maximum
exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure based on
the Company's historical experience and its position as a secondary guarantor
(in the case of bankcards). In most cases, this contingent liability is unlikely
to arise,
as most products and services are delivered when purchased, and amounts are refunded when items are returned to merchants. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its contingent liability related to merchant processing based on the financial strength of the primary guarantor (in the case of bankcards) and the extent and nature of unresolved chargebacks and its historical loss experience. At December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the estimated losses incurred and the carrying amounts of the Company's contingent obligations related to merchant processing activities were immaterial.
Custody indemnifications
Custody indemnifications are issued to
guarantee that custody clients will be made whole in the event that a
third-party subcustodian or depository institution fails to safeguard clients'
assets.
Other
As
of December 31, 2008, Citigroup carried a reserve of $149 million related to
certain of Visa USA's litigation matters. As of December 31, 2009, the carrying
value of the reserve was $121 million and was included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Other guarantees and indemnifications
The Company, through its credit card business,
provides various cardholder protection programs on several of its card products,
including programs that provide insurance coverage for rental cars, coverage for
certain losses associated with purchased products, price protection for certain
purchases and protection for lost luggage. These guarantees are not included in
the table, since the total outstanding amount of the guarantees and the
Company's maximum exposure to loss cannot be quantified. The protection is
limited to certain types of purchases and certain types of losses and it is not
possible to quantify the purchases that would qualify for these benefits at any
given time. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its potential
liability related to these programs based on the extent and nature of its
historical loss experience. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the actual and
estimated losses incurred and the carrying value of the Company's obligations
related to these programs were
immaterial.
In the normal course of business, the Company
provides standard representations and warranties to counterparties in contracts
in connection with numerous transactions and also provides indemnifications that
protect the counterparties to the contracts in the event that additional taxes
are owed due either to a change in the tax law or an adverse interpretation of
the tax law. Counterparties to these transactions provide the Company with
comparable indemnifications. While such representations, warranties
242
and tax indemnifications
are essential components of many contractual relationships, they do not
represent the underlying business purpose for the transactions. The
indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms related to the
Company's own performance under the terms of a contract and are entered into in
the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss is
remote. Often these clauses are intended to ensure that terms of a contract are
met at inception (for example, that loans transferred to a counterparty in a
sales transaction did in fact meet the conditions specified in the contract at
the transfer date). No compensation is received for these standard
representations and warranties, and it is not possible to determine their fair
value because they rarely, if ever, result in a payment. In many cases, there
are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses and
the contingencies potentially triggering the obligation to indemnify have not
occurred and are not expected to occur. These indemnifications are not
included in the table above.
In addition, the Company is a member of or
shareholder in hundreds of value-transfer networks (VTNs) (payment clearing and
settlement systems as well as securities exchanges) around the world. As a
condition of membership, many of these VTNs require that members stand ready to
backstop the net effect on the VTNs of a member's default on its obligations.
The Company's potential obligations as a shareholder or member of VTN
associations are excluded from the scope of FIN 45, since the shareholders and
members represent subordinated classes of investors in the VTNs. Accordingly,
the Company's participation in VTNs is not reported in the table and there are
no amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2009
or December 31, 2008 for potential obligations that could arise from the
Company's involvement with VTN
associations.
In the sale of an insurance subsidiary, the
Company provided an indemnification to an insurance company for policyholder
claims and other liabilities relating to a book of long-term care (LTC) business
(for the entire term of the LTC policies) that is fully reinsured by another
insurance company. The reinsurer has funded two trusts with securities whose
fair value (approximately $3.3 billion at December 31, 2009) is designed to
cover the insurance company's statutory liabilities for the LTC policies. The
assets in these trusts are evaluated and adjusted periodically to ensure that
the fair value of the assets continues to cover the estimated statutory
liabilities related to the LTC policies, as those statutory liabilities change
over time. If the reinsurer fails to perform under the reinsurance agreement for
any reason, including insolvency, and the assets in the two trusts are
insufficient or unavailable to the ceding insurance company, then Citigroup must
indemnify the ceding insurance company for any losses actually incurred in
connection with the LTC policies. Since both events would have to occur before
Citi would become responsible for any payment to the ceding insurance company
pursuant to its indemnification obligation and the
likelihood of such
events occurring is currently not probable, there is no liability reflected in
the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2009 related to this
indemnification.
At December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
the total carrying amounts of the liabilities related to the guarantees and
indemnifications included in the table amounted to approximately $1.2 billion
and $1.8 billion, respectively. The carrying value of derivative instruments is
included in either Trading liabilities or Other liabilities , depending upon whether the derivative was
entered into for trading or non-trading purposes. The carrying value of
financial and performance guarantees is included in Other liabilities .
For loans sold with recourse, the carrying value of the liability is included in Other liabilities . In addition, at December 31, 2009 and
December 31, 2008, Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include an allowance for credit losses of
$1,157 million and $887 million relating to letters of credit and unfunded
lending commitments, respectively.
Collateral
Cash collateral available to the Company to reimburse losses realized
under these guarantees and indemnifications amounted to $31 billion and $33
billion at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Securities and
other marketable assets held as collateral amounted to $43 billion and $27
billion, respectively, the majority of which collateral is held to reimburse
losses realized under securities lending indemnifications. Additionally, letters
of credit in favor of the Company held as collateral amounted to $1.4 billion
and $0.5 billion at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Other
property may also be available to the Company to cover losses under certain
guarantees and indemnifications; however, the value of such property has not
been determined.
Performance risk
Citigroup evaluates the performance risk of its guarantees based on the
assigned referenced counterparty internal or external ratings. Where external
ratings are used, investment-grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB and
above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citigroup
internal ratings are in line with the related external rating system. On certain
underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available. Such
referenced credits are included in the not rated category. The
maximum potential amount of the future payments related to guarantees and credit
derivatives sold is determined to be the notional amount of these contracts,
which is the par amount of the assets guaranteed.
243
Presented in the tables below are the maximum potential amounts of future payments classified based upon internal and external credit ratings as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. As previously mentioned, the determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount
of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. Such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees.
Maximum potential amount of future payments | |||||||||||
Investment | Non-investment | Not | |||||||||
In billions of dollars as of December 31, 2009 | grade | grade | rated | Total | |||||||
Financial standby letters of credit | $ | 49.2 | $13.5 | $ | 26.7 | $ | 89.4 | ||||
Performance guarantees | 6.5 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 13.9 | |||||||
Derivative instruments deemed to be guarantees | - | - | 7.7 | 7.7 | |||||||
Loans sold with recourse | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||
Securities lending indemnifications | - | - | 64.5 | 64.5 | |||||||
Credit card merchant processing | - | - | 59.7 | 59.7 | |||||||
Custody indemnifications and other | 27.7 | 5.8 | - | 33.5 | |||||||
Total | $ | 83.4 | $23.0 | $ | 162.6 | $ | 269.0 |
Maximum potential amount of future payments | |||||||||||
Investment | Non-investment | Not | |||||||||
In billions of dollars as of December 31, 2008 | grade | grade | rated | Total | |||||||
Financial standby letters of credit | $ | 49.2 | $28.6 | $ | 16.4 | $ | 94.2 | ||||
Performance guarantees | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 16.3 | |||||||
Derivative instruments deemed to be guarantees | - | - | 14.8 | 14.8 | |||||||
Guarantees of collection of contractual cash flows | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||
Loans sold with recourse | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||
Securities lending indemnifications | - | - | 47.6 | 47.6 | |||||||
Credit card merchant processing | - | - | 56.7 | 56.7 | |||||||
Custody indemnifications and other | 18.5 | 3.1 | - | 21.6 | |||||||
Total | $ | 73.4 | $36.7 | $ | 141.7 | $ | 251.8 |
244
Credit Commitments and Lines of Credit
The table below summarizes Citigroup's credit commitments as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Outside of | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | U.S. | U.S. | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Commercial and similar letters of credit | $ | 1,321 | $ | 5,890 | $ | 7,211 | $ | 8,215 | |||
One- to four-family residential mortgages | 788 | 282 | 1,070 | 937 | |||||||
Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties | 20,914 | 3,002 | 23,916 | 25,212 | |||||||
Commercial real estate, construction and land development | 1,185 | 519 | 1,704 | 2,702 | |||||||
Credit card lines | 649,625 | 135,870 | 785,495 | 1,002,437 | |||||||
Commercial and other consumer loan commitments | 167,510 | 89,832 | 257,342 | 309,997 | |||||||
Total | $ | 841,343 | $ | 235,395 | $ | 1,076,738 | $ | 1,349,500 |
The majority of unused commitments are contingent upon customers' maintaining specific credit standards. Commercial commitments generally have floating interest rates and fixed expiration dates and may require payment of fees. Such fees (net of certain direct costs) are deferred and, upon exercise of the commitment, amortized over the life of the loan or, if exercise is deemed remote, amortized over the commitment period.
Commercial and similar letters of credit
A commercial letter of credit is an instrument by which Citigroup substitutes its credit for that of a customer to enable the customer to finance the purchase of goods or to incur other commitments. Citigroup issues a letter on behalf of its client to a supplier and agrees to pay the supplier upon presentation of documentary evidence that the supplier has performed in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit. When a letter of credit is drawn, the customer is then required to reimburse Citigroup.
One- to four-family residential mortgages
A one- to four-family residential mortgage commitment is a written confirmation from Citigroup to a seller of a property that the bank will advance the specified sums enabling the buyer to complete the purchase.
Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties
Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties are essentially home equity lines of credit. A home equity line of credit is a loan secured by a primary residence or second home to the extent of the excess of fair market value over the debt outstanding for the first mortgage.
Commercial real estate, construction and land development
Commercial real estate, construction and land development include unused portions of commitments to extend credit for the purpose of financing commercial and multifamily residential properties as well as land development projects. Both secured-by-real-estate and unsecured commitments are included in this line, as well as undistributed loan proceeds, where there is an obligation to advance for construction progress payments. However, this line only includes those extensions of credit that, once funded, will be classified as Total loans, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Credit card lines
Citigroup provides credit to customers by issuing credit cards. The credit card lines are unconditionally cancellable by the issuer.
Commercial and other consumer loan commitments
Commercial and other consumer loan commitments include overdraft and liquidity facilities, as well as commercial commitments to make or purchase loans, to purchase third-party receivables, to provide note issuance or revolving underwriting facilities and to invest in the form of equity. Amounts include $126 billion and $170 billion with an original maturity of less than one year at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. In addition, included in this line item are highly leveraged financing commitments, which are agreements that provide funding to a borrower with higher levels of debt (measured by the ratio of debt capital to equity capital of the borrower) than is generally considered normal for other companies. This type of financing is commonly employed in corporate acquisitions, management buy-outs and similar transactions.
245
30. CONTINGENCIES
As described in "Legal Proceedings," Citigroup and its affiliates and subsidiaries and current and former officers, directors and employees have been named, and routinely are named in the ordinary course of business, as defendants in, or as parties to, various legal actions and proceedings. In accordance with ASC 450 (formerly SFAS 5), Citigroup establishes reserves for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that both are probable and can be reasonably estimated. In view of the inherent unpredictability of litigation and regulatory matters, particularly where the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, the investigations or proceedings are in the early stages, or the matters involve novel legal theories or a large number of parties, Citigroup cannot state with certainty the timing or ultimate resolution of litigations and regulatory matters, and the actual costs of resolving litigations and regulatory matters may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts reserved for those matters.
Subject to the foregoing, it is the opinion of Citigroup's management, based on current knowledge and after taking into account available insurance coverage and its current legal reserves, that the eventual outcome of such matters, including the matters described in "Legal Proceedings," would not be likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Citi. Nonetheless, given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on Citi's consolidated results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
246
31. CITIBANK, N.A. STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Statement of Changes in Stockholder's Equity
Year ended December 31 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars, except shares | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Common stock ($20 par value) | |||||||||
Balance, beginning of year-shares: 37,534,553 in 2009, 2008 and 2007 | $ | 751 | $ | 751 | $ | 751 | |||
Balance, end of year-shares: | |||||||||
37,534,553 in 2009, 2008 and 2007 | $ | 751 | $ | 751 | $ | 751 | |||
Surplus | |||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 74,767 | $ | 69,135 | $ | 43,753 | |||
Capital contribution from parent company | 32,992 | 6,177 | 25,267 | ||||||
Employee benefit plans | 163 | 183 | 85 | ||||||
Other (1) | 1 | (728 | ) | 30 | |||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 107,923 | $ | 74,767 | $ | 69,135 | |||
Retained earnings | |||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 21,735 | $ | 31,915 | $ | 30,358 | |||
Adjustment to opening balance, net of taxes (2)(3) | 402 | - | (96 | ) | |||||
Adjusted balance, beginning of period | $ | 22,137 | $ | 31,915 | $ | 30,262 | |||
Net income (loss) | (2,794 | ) | (6,215 | ) | 2,304 | ||||
Dividends paid | (3 | ) | (41 | ) | (651 | ) | |||
Other (1) | 117 | (3,924 | ) | - | |||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 19,457 | $ | 21,735 | $ | 31,915 | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | (15,895 | ) | $ | (2,495 | ) | $ | (1,709 | ) |
Adjustment to opening balance, net of taxes (2)(4) | (402 | ) | - | (1 | ) | ||||
Adjusted balance, beginning of period | $ | (16,297 | ) | $ | (2,495 | ) | $ | (1,710 | ) |
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale, net of taxes | 3,675 | (6,746 | ) | (1,142 | ) | ||||
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes | 709 | (5,651 | ) | 2,143 | |||||
Net change in cash flow hedges, net of taxes | 880 | (1,162 | ) | (1,954 | ) | ||||
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes | (499 | ) | 159 | 168 | |||||
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,765 | $ | (13,400 | ) | $ | (785 | ) | |
Balance, end of year | $ | (11,532 | ) | $ | (15,895 | ) | $ | (2,495 | ) |
Total Citibank stockholder's equity | $ | 116,599 | $ | 81,358 | $ | 99,306 | |||
Noncontrolling interest | |||||||||
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 1,082 | $ | 1,266 | $ | 1,057 | |||
Initial origination of a noncontrolling interest | 284 | - | 15 | ||||||
Transactions between noncontrolling interest and the related consolidating subsidiary | (130 | ) | - | - | |||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest shareholders | 74 | 101 | 126 | ||||||
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest shareholders | (17 | ) | (120 | ) | (54 | ) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income-Net change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, net of tax | 5 | 3 | (10 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income-Net change in FX translation adjustment, net of tax | 23 | (173 | ) | 140 | |||||
All other | (27 | ) | 5 | (8 | ) | ||||
Net change in noncontrolling interest | $ | 212 | $ | (184 | ) | $ | 209 | ||
Balance, end of period | $ | 1,294 | $ | 1,082 | $ | 1,266 | |||
Total equity | $ | 117,893 | $ | 82,440 | $ | 100,572 | |||
Comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of noncontrolling interest | $ | (2,720 | ) | $ | (6,114 | ) | $ | 2,430 | |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,793 | (13,570 | ) | (655 | ) | ||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 2,073 | $ | (19,684 | ) | $ | 1,775 | ||
Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest | 102 | (69 | ) | 256 | |||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Citibank | $ | 1,971 | $ | (19,615 | ) | $ | 1,519 |
(1) | Represents the accounting for the transfers of assets and liabilities between Citibank, N.A. and other affiliates under the common control of Citigroup. | |
(2) | The adjustment to the opening balances for Retained earnings and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in 2009 represents the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASC 320-10-35-34 (FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2). See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(3) | The adjustment to opening balance for Retained earnings in 2007 represents the total of the after-tax gain (loss) amounts for the adoption of the following accounting pronouncements: | |
• ASC 820 (SFAS 157) for $9 million, • ASC 825 (SFAS 159) for $15 million, • ASC 840 (FSP 13-2) for $(142) million, and • ASC 740 (FIN 48) for $22 million. | ||
See Notes 1, 26 and 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | ||
(4) | The after-tax adjustment to the opening balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in 2007 represents the reclassification of the unrealized gains (losses) related to several miscellaneous items previously reported. The related unrealized gains and losses were reclassified to Retained earnings upon the adoption of the fair-value option. See Notes 1 and 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions. |
247
32. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
LQIF Acquisition
On January 31, 2010 Citigroup elected to exercise its option to acquire approximately 8.5% of LQIF for approximately $500 million. The acquisition of the additional shares is expected to close on April 30, 2010 and will increase Citigroup's ownership in LQIF to approximately 41.5%. Citigroup retains an option to increase its ownership an additional 8.5% of LQIF in 2010 for an additional $500 million.
Venezuelan Bolivar Devaluation
The Venezuelan government enacted currency restrictions in 2003 that have restricted Citigroup's ability to obtain foreign currency in Venezuela at the official foreign currency rate. Citigroup uses the official rate to remeasure the foreign currency transactions in the financial statements of our Venezuelan subsidiaries, which have U.S. dollar functional currencies, into U.S. dollars. At December 31, 2009, Citigroup had net monetary assets denominated in bolivars and subject to the official rate of approximately $290 million.
On January 8, 2010, the Venezuelan government announced the devaluation of the official foreign currency exchange rate from 2.15 bolivars per dollar to 4.3 bolivars per dollar and the creation of a dual, subsidized exchange rate of 2.6 bolivars per dollar for the importation of certain essential goods. The devaluation in the rate is expected to result in a pretax loss to the Company of approximately $170 million in the first quarter of 2010. Additionally, revenue and net operating profit in U.S. dollar terms will be reduced on an ongoing basis.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through February 26, 2010, which is the date its Consolidated Financial Statements were issued.
33. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS SCHEDULES
These condensed Consolidating Financial Statements schedules are presented for purposes of additional analysis but should be considered in relation to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup taken as a whole.
Citigroup Parent Company
The holding company, Citigroup Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (CGMHI)
Citigroup guarantees various debt obligations of CGMHI as well as all of the outstanding debt obligations under CGMHI's publicly issued debt.
Citigroup Funding Inc. (CFI)
CFI is a first-tier subsidiary of Citigroup, which issues commercial paper, medium-term notes and structured equity-linked and credit-linked notes, all of which are guaranteed by Citigroup.
CitiFinancial Credit Company (CCC)
An indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup. CCC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Associates. Citigroup has issued a full and unconditional guarantee of the outstanding indebtedness of CCC.
Associates First Capital Corporation (Associates)
A wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup. Citigroup has issued a full and unconditional guarantee of the outstanding long-term debt securities and commercial paper of Associates. In addition, Citigroup guaranteed various debt obligations of Citigroup Finance Canada Inc. (CFCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of Associates. CFCI continues to issue debt in the Canadian market supported by a Citigroup guarantee. Associates is the immediate parent company of CCC.
Other Citigroup Subsidiaries
Includes all other subsidiaries of Citigroup, intercompany eliminations, and income/loss from discontinued operations.
Consolidating Adjustments
Includes Citigroup parent company elimination of distributed and undistributed income of subsidiaries, investment in subsidiaries and the elimination of CCC, which is included in the Associates column.
248
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
Year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
subsidiaries, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
eliminations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | from | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | discontinued | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | operations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from subsidiary banks and bank holding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
companies | $ | 1,049 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (1,049 | ) | $ | - | |||||||
Interest revenue | 299 | 7,447 | 1 | 6,150 | 7,049 | 61,839 | (6,150 | ) | 76,635 | |||||||||||||||
Interest revenue-intercompany | 2,387 | 2,806 | 4,132 | 69 | 421 | (9,746 | ) | (69 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 9,354 | 2,585 | 1,911 | 86 | 376 | 13,495 | (86 | ) | 27,721 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense-intercompany | (758 | ) | 2,390 | 823 | 2,243 | 1,572 | (4,027 | ) | (2,243 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | (5,910 | ) | $ | 5,278 | $ | 1,399 | $ | 3,890 | $ | 5,522 | $ | 42,625 | $ | (3,890 | ) | $ | 48,914 | ||||||
Commissions and fees | $ | - | $ | 5,945 | $ | - | $ | 51 | $ | 128 | $ | 11,043 | $ | (51 | ) | $ | 17,116 | |||||||
Commissions and fees-intercompany | - | 741 | (6 | ) | 134 | 152 | (887 | ) | (134 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Principal transactions | 359 | (267 | ) | (1,905 | ) | - | 2 | 5,743 | - | 3,932 | ||||||||||||||
Principal transactions-intercompany | (649 | ) | 3,605 | 224 | - | (109 | ) | (3,071 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
Other income | (3,731 | ) | 13,586 | 38 | 428 | 584 | (154 | ) | (428 | ) | 10,323 | |||||||||||||
Other income-intercompany | (3,663 | ) | (21 | ) | (47 | ) | 2 | 44 | 3,687 | (2 | ) | - | ||||||||||||
Total non-interest revenues | $ | (7,684 | ) | $ | 23,589 | $ | (1,696 | ) | $ | 615 | $ | 801 | $ | 16,361 | $ | (615 | ) | $ | 31,371 | |||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | (12,545 | ) | $ | 28,867 | $ | (297 | ) | $ | 4,505 | $ | 6,323 | $ | 58,986 | $ | (5,554 | ) | $ | 80,285 | |||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and claims | $ | - | $ | 129 | $ | - | $ | 3,894 | $ | 4,354 | $ | 35,779 | $ | (3,894 | ) | $ | 40,262 | |||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 101 | $ | 6,389 | $ | - | $ | 523 | $ | 686 | $ | 17,811 | $ | (523 | ) | $ | 24,987 | |||||||
Compensation and benefits-intercompany | 7 | 470 | - | 141 | 141 | (618 | ) | (141 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Other expense | 791 | 2,739 | 2 | 578 | 735 | 18,568 | (578 | ) | 22,835 | |||||||||||||||
Other expense-intercompany | 782 | 637 | 4 | 526 | 573 | (1,996 | ) | (526 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 1,681 | $ | 10,235 | $ | 6 | $ | 1,768 | $ | 2,135 | $ | 33,765 | $ | (1,768 | ) | $ | 47,822 | |||||||
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
undistributed income of subsidiaries | $ | (14,226 | ) | $ | 18,503 | $ | (303 | ) | $ | (1,157 | ) | $ | (166 | ) | $ | (10,558 | ) | $ | 108 | $ | (7,799 | ) | ||
Income taxes (benefits) | (7,298 | ) | 6,852 | (146 | ) | (473 | ) | (131 | ) | (6,010 | ) | 473 | (6,733 | ) | ||||||||||
Equities in undistributed income of subsidiaries | 5,322 | - | - | - | - | - | (5,322 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | 11,651 | $ | (157 | ) | $ | (684 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | (4,548 | ) | $ | (5,687 | ) | $ | (1,066 | ) | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
taxes | - | - | - | - | - | (445 | ) | - | (445 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before attrition of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interest | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | 11,651 | $ | (157 | ) | $ | (684 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | (4,993 | ) | $ | (5,687 | ) | $ | (1,511 | ) | |
Net income (loss) attributable to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interests | - | (18 | ) | - | - | - | 113 | - | 95 | |||||||||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (1,606 | ) | $ | 11,669 | $ | (157 | ) | $ | (684 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | (5,106 | ) | $ | (5,687 | ) | $ | (1,606 | ) |
249
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
Year ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
subsidiaries, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
eliminations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | from | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | discontinued | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | operations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from subsidiary banks and bank holding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
companies | $ | 1,788 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (1,788 | ) | $ | - | |||||||
Interest revenue | 758 | 18,569 | 3 | 7,218 | 8,261 | 78,908 | (7,218 | ) | 106,499 | |||||||||||||||
Interest revenue-intercompany | 4,822 | 2,109 | 5,156 | 67 | 575 | (12,662 | ) | (67 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 9,455 | 11,607 | 3,294 | 141 | 608 | 27,786 | (141 | ) | 52,750 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense-intercompany | (306 | ) | 5,014 | 290 | 2,435 | 2,202 | (7,200 | ) | (2,435 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | (3,569 | ) | $ | 4,057 | $ | 1,575 | $ | 4,709 | $ | 6,026 | $ | 45,660 | $ | (4,709 | ) | $ | 53,749 | ||||||
Commissions and fees | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 7,361 | $ | - | $ | 87 | $ | 182 | $ | 2,824 | $ | (87 | ) | $ | 10,366 | ||||||
Commissions and fees-intercompany | - | 521 | - | 37 | 52 | (573 | ) | (37 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Principal transactions | (159 | ) | (22,175 | ) | 5,261 | - | (6 | ) | (5,522 | ) | - | (22,601 | ) | |||||||||||
Principal transactions-intercompany | 962 | 479 | (4,070 | ) | - | 180 | 2,449 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other income | (6,253 | ) | 2,896 | (174 | ) | 389 | 344 | 13,272 | (389 | ) | 10,085 | |||||||||||||
Other income-intercompany | 6,521 | 2,635 | 187 | 27 | 69 | (9,412 | ) | (27 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total non-interest revenues | $ | 1,070 | $ | (8,283 | ) | $ | 1,204 | $ | 540 | $ | 821 | $ | 3,038 | $ | (540 | ) | $ | (2,150 | ) | |||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | (711 | ) | $ | (4,226 | ) | $ | 2,779 | $ | 5,249 | $ | 6,847 | $ | 48,698 | $ | (7,037 | ) | $ | 51,599 | |||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and claims | $ | - | $ | 381 | $ | - | $ | 4,638 | $ | 5,020 | $ | 29,313 | $ | (4,638 | ) | $ | 34,714 | |||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | (150 | ) | $ | 9,651 | $ | - | $ | 667 | $ | 906 | $ | 20,689 | $ | (667 | ) | $ | 31,096 | ||||||
Compensation and benefits-intercompany | 9 | 912 | - | 188 | 189 | (1,110 | ) | (188 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Other expense | 219 | 4,206 | 3 | 663 | 1,260 | 32,456 | (663 | ) | 38,144 | |||||||||||||||
Other expense-intercompany | 594 | 1,828 | 51 | 451 | 498 | (2,971 | ) | (451 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 672 | $ | 16,597 | $ | 54 | $ | 1,969 | $ | 2,853 | $ | 49,064 | $ | (1,969 | ) | $ | 69,240 | |||||||
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
undistributed income of subsidiaries | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | (21,204 | ) | $ | 2,725 | $ | (1,358 | ) | $ | (1,026 | ) | $ | (29,679 | ) | $ | (430 | ) | $ | (52,355 | ) | |
Income taxes (benefits) | (2,223 | ) | (8,463 | ) | 953 | (526 | ) | (310 | ) | (10,283 | ) | 526 | (20,326 | ) | ||||||||||
Equities in undistributed income of subsidiaries | (29,122 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | 29,122 | - | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (28,282 | ) | $ | (12,741 | ) | $ | 1,772 | $ | (832 | ) | $ | (716 | ) | $ | (19,396 | ) | $ | 28,166 | $ | (32,029 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations, net of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
taxes | 598 | - | - | - | - | 3,404 | - | 4,002 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before attrition of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interest | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | (12,741 | ) | $ | 1,772 | $ | (832 | ) | $ | (716 | ) | $ | (15,992 | ) | $ | 28,166 | $ | (28,027 | ) | ||
Net income (loss) attributable to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interests | - | (9 | ) | - | - | - | $ | (334 | ) | - | $ | (343 | ) | |||||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (27,684 | ) | $ | (12,732 | ) | $ | 1,772 | $ | (832 | ) | $ | (716 | ) | $ | (15,658 | ) | $ | 28,166 | $ | (27,684 | ) |
250
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
Year ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
subsidiaries, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
eliminations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | from | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | discontinued | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | operations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from subsidiary banks and bank holding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
companies | $ | 10,632 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (10,632 | ) | $ | - | |||||||
Interest revenue | 426 | 31,438 | 6 | 6,754 | 7,854 | 81,623 | (6,754 | ) | 121,347 | |||||||||||||||
Interest revenue-intercompany | 5,507 | 1,695 | 6,253 | 137 | 630 | (14,085 | ) | (137 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 7,994 | 24,489 | 4,331 | 189 | 759 | 38,385 | (189 | ) | 75,958 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense-intercompany | (80 | ) | 5,871 | 882 | 2,274 | 2,955 | (9,628 | ) | (2,274 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Net interest revenue | $ | (1,981 | ) | $ | 2,773 | $ | 1,046 | $ | 4,428 | $ | 4,770 | $ | 38,781 | $ | (4,428 | ) | $ | 45,389 | ||||||
Commissions and fees | $ | - | $ | 11,089 | $ | - | $ | 95 | $ | 186 | $ | 8,793 | $ | (95 | ) | $ | 20,068 | |||||||
Commissions and fees-intercompany | (3 | ) | 184 | - | 21 | 25 | (206 | ) | (21 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Principal transactions | 380 | (11,382 | ) | (68 | ) | - | 2 | (1,279 | ) | - | (12,347 | ) | ||||||||||||
Principal transactions-intercompany | 118 | 605 | (561 | ) | - | (30 | ) | (132 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
Other income | (1,233 | ) | 4,594 | 150 | 452 | 664 | 20,015 | (452 | ) | 24,190 | ||||||||||||||
Other income-intercompany | 1,008 | 1,488 | (117 | ) | 26 | (30 | ) | (2,349 | ) | (26 | ) | - | ||||||||||||
Total non-interest revenues | $ | 270 | $ | 6,578 | $ | (596 | ) | $ | 594 | $ | 817 | $ | 24,842 | $ | (594 | ) | $ | 31,911 | ||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 8,921 | $ | 9,351 | $ | 450 | $ | 5,022 | $ | 5,587 | $ | 63,623 | $ | (15,654 | ) | $ | 77,300 | |||||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
and claims | $ | - | $ | 40 | $ | - | $ | 2,515 | $ | 2,786 | $ | 15,091 | $ | (2,515 | ) | $ | 17,917 | |||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | $ | 170 | $ | 11,631 | $ | - | $ | 679 | $ | 894 | $ | 20,010 | $ | (679 | ) | $ | 32,705 | |||||||
Compensation and benefits-intercompany | 11 | 1 | - | 161 | 162 | (174 | ) | (161 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Other expense | 383 | 3,716 | 2 | 524 | 713 | 21,218 | (524 | ) | 26,032 | |||||||||||||||
Other expense-intercompany | 241 | 1,959 | 71 | 299 | 397 | (2,668 | ) | (299 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 805 | $ | 17,307 | $ | 73 | $ | 1,663 | $ | 2,166 | $ | 38,386 | $ | (1,663 | ) | $ | 58,737 | |||||||
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
undistributed income of subsidiaries | $ | 8,116 | $ | (7,996 | ) | $ | 377 | $ | 844 | $ | 635 | $ | 10,146 | $ | (11,476 | ) | $ | 646 | ||||||
Income taxes (benefits) | (933 | ) | (3,050 | ) | 133 | 287 | 205 | 1,099 | (287 | ) | (2,546 | ) | ||||||||||||
Equities in undistributed income of subsidiaries | (5,432 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | 5,432 | - | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 3,617 | $ | (4,946 | ) | $ | 244 | $ | 557 | $ | 430 | $ | 9,047 | $ | (5,757 | ) | $ | 3,192 | ||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
taxes | - | - | - | - | - | 708 | - | 708 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before attrition of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interest | $ | 3,617 | $ | (4,946 | ) | $ | 244 | $ | 557 | $ | 430 | $ | 9,755 | $ | (5,757 | ) | $ | 3,900 | ||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interests | - | (20 | ) | - | - | - | 303 | - | 283 | |||||||||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | 3,617 | $ | (4,926 | ) | $ | 244 | $ | 557 | $ | 430 | $ | 9,452 | $ | (5,757 | ) | $ | 3,617 |
251
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | and | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | eliminations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks | $ | - | $ | 1,801 | $ | - | $ | 198 | $ | 297 | $ | 23,374 | $ | (198 | ) | $ | 25,472 | |||||||
Cash and due from banks-intercompany | 5 | 3,146 | 1 | 145 | 168 | (3,320 | ) | (145 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and resale agreements | - | 199,760 | - | - | - | 22,262 | - | 222,022 | ||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and resale agreements-intercompany | - | 20,626 | - | - | - | (20,626 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Trading account assets | 26 | 140,777 | 71 | - | 17 | 201,882 | - | 342,773 | ||||||||||||||||
Trading account assets-intercompany | 196 | 6,812 | 788 | - | - | (7,796 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Investments | 13,318 | 237 | - | 2,293 | 2,506 | 290,058 | (2,293 | ) | 306,119 | |||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income | - | 248 | - | 42,739 | 48,821 | 542,435 | (42,739 | ) | 591,504 | |||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income-intercompany | - | - | 129,317 | 3,387 | 7,261 | (136,578 | ) | (3,387 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | - | (83 | ) | - | (3,680 | ) | (4,056 | ) | (31,894 | ) | 3,680 | (36,033 | ) | |||||||||||
Total loans, net | $ | - | $ | 165 | $ | 129,317 | $ | 42,446 | $ | 52,026 | $ | 373,963 | $ | (42,446 | ) | $ | 555,471 | |||||||
Advances to subsidiaries | 144,497 | - | - | - | - | (144,497 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Investments in subsidiaries | 210,895 | - | - | - | - | - | (210,895 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
Other assets | 14,196 | 69,907 | 1,186 | 6,440 | 7,317 | 312,183 | (6,440 | ) | 404,789 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets-intercompany | 10,412 | 38,047 | 3,168 | 47 | 1,383 | (53,010 | ) | (47 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 393,545 | $ | 481,278 | $ | 134,531 | $ | 51,569 | $ | 63,714 | $ | 994,473 | $ | (262,464 | ) | $ | 1,856,646 | |||||||
Liabilities and equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 835,903 | $ | - | $ | 835,903 | ||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold | - | 124,522 | - | - | - | 29,759 | - | 154,281 | ||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
intercompany | 185 | 18,721 | - | - | - | (18,906 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | - | 82,905 | 115 | - | - | 54,492 | - | 137,512 | ||||||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities-intercompany | 198 | 7,495 | 1,082 | - | - | (8,775 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 1,177 | 4,593 | 10,136 | - | 379 | 52,594 | - | 68,879 | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings-intercompany | - | 69,306 | 62,336 | 3,304 | 33,818 | (165,460 | ) | (3,304 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 197,804 | 13,422 | 55,499 | 2,893 | 7,542 | 89,752 | (2,893 | ) | 364,019 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt-intercompany | 367 | 62,050 | 1,039 | 37,600 | 14,278 | (77,734 | ) | (37,600 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Advances from subsidiaries | 30,275 | - | - | - | - | (30,275 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 5,985 | 70,477 | 585 | 1,772 | 1,742 | 62,290 | (1,772 | ) | 141,079 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities-intercompany | 4,854 | 7,911 | 198 | 1,080 | 386 | (13,349 | ) | (1,080 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 240,845 | $ | 461,402 | $ | 130,990 | $ | 46,649 | $ | 58,145 | $ | 810,291 | $ | (46,649 | ) | $ | 1,701,673 | |||||||
Citigroup stockholders' equity | 152,700 | 19,448 | 3,541 | 4,920 | 5,569 | 182,337 | (215,815 | ) | 152,700 | |||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | 428 | - | - | - | 1,845 | - | 2,273 | ||||||||||||||||
Total equity | $ | 152,700 | $ | 19,876 | $ | 3,541 | $ | 4,920 | $ | 5,569 | $ | 184,182 | $ | (215,815 | ) | $ | 154,973 | |||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 393,545 | $ | 481,278 | $ | 134,531 | $ | 51,569 | $ | 63,714 | $ | 994,473 | $ | (262,464 | ) | $ | 1,856,646 |
252
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | and | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | eliminations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks | $ | - | $ | 3,142 | $ | - | $ | 149 | $ | 211 | $ | 25,900 | $ | (149 | ) | $ | 29,253 | |||||||
Cash and due from banks-intercompany | 13 | 1,415 | 1 | 141 | 185 | (1,614 | ) | (141 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and resale agreements | - | 167,589 | - | - | - | 16,544 | - | 184,133 | ||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and resale agreements-intercompany | - | 31,446 | - | - | - | (31,446 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Trading account assets | 20 | 155,136 | 88 | - | 15 | 222,376 | - | 377,635 | ||||||||||||||||
Trading account assets-intercompany | 818 | 11,197 | 4,439 | - | 182 | (16,636 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Investments | 25,611 | 382 | - | 2,059 | 2,366 | 227,661 | (2,059 | ) | 256,020 | |||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income | - | 663 | - | 48,663 | 55,387 | 638,166 | (48,663 | ) | 694,216 | |||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income-intercompany | - | - | 134,744 | 3,433 | 11,129 | (145,873 | ) | (3,433 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | - | (122 | ) | - | (3,415 | ) | (3,649 | ) | (25,845 | ) | 3,415 | (29,616 | ) | |||||||||||
Total loans, net | $ | - | $ | 541 | $ | 134,744 | $ | 48,681 | $ | 62,867 | $ | 466,448 | $ | (48,681 | ) | $ | 664,600 | |||||||
Advances to subsidiaries | 167,043 | - | - | - | - | (167,043 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Investments in subsidiaries | 149,424 | - | - | - | - | - | (149,424 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||
Other assets | 12,148 | 74,740 | 51 | 6,156 | 6,970 | 332,920 | (6,156 | ) | 426,829 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets-intercompany | 14,998 | 108,952 | 3,997 | 254 | 504 | (128,451 | ) | (254 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 370,075 | $ | 554,540 | $ | 143,320 | $ | 57,440 | $ | 73,300 | $ | 946,659 | $ | (206,864 | ) | $ | 1,938,470 | |||||||
Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 774,185 | $ | - | $ | 774,185 | ||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold | - | 165,914 | - | - | - | 39,379 | - | 205,293 | ||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
intercompany | 8,673 | 34,007 | - | - | - | (42,680 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities | - | 70,006 | 14 | - | - | 95,780 | - | 165,800 | ||||||||||||||||
Trading account liabilities-intercompany | 732 | 12,751 | 2,660 | - | - | (16,143 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 2,571 | 9,735 | 30,994 | - | 222 | 83,169 | - | 126,691 | ||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings-intercompany | - | 87,432 | 66,615 | 6,360 | 39,637 | (193,684 | ) | (6,360 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 192,290 | 20,623 | 37,375 | 2,214 | 8,333 | 100,972 | (2,214 | ) | 359,593 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt-intercompany | - | 60,318 | 878 | 40,722 | 17,655 | (78,851 | ) | (40,722 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Advances from subsidiaries | 7,660 | - | - | - | - | (7,660 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 7,347 | 75,247 | 854 | 1,907 | 1,808 | 77,630 | (1,907 | ) | 162,886 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities-intercompany | 9,172 | 10,213 | 232 | 833 | 332 | (19,949 | ) | (833 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 228,445 | $ | 546,246 | $ | 139,622 | $ | 52,036 | $ | 67,987 | $ | 812,148 | $ | (52,036 | ) | $ | 1,794,448 | |||||||
Citigroup stockholders' equity | $ | 141,630 | $ | 7,819 | $ | 3,698 | $ | 5,404 | $ | 5,313 | $ | 132,594 | $ | (154,828 | ) | $ | 141,630 | |||||||
Noncontrolling interest | - | 475 | - | - | - | 1,917 | - | 2,392 | ||||||||||||||||
Total equity | $ | 141,630 | $ | 8,294 | $ | 3,698 | $ | 5,404 | $ | 5,313 | $ | 134,511 | $ | (154,828 | ) | $ | 144,022 | |||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 370,075 | $ | 554,540 | $ | 143,320 | $ | 57,440 | $ | 73,300 | $ | 946,659 | $ | (206,864 | ) | $ | 1,938,470 |
253
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | and | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | eliminations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
activities of continuing operations | $ | (5,318 | ) | $ | 19,442 | $ | 1,238 | $ | 4,408 | $ | 4,852 | $ | (75,933 | ) | $ | (4,408 | ) | $ | (55,719 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in loans | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 5,759 | $ | 1,024 | $ | 1,191 | $ | (155,601 | ) | $ | (1,024 | ) | $ | (148,651 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans | - | 176 | - | 6 | - | 241,191 | (6 | ) | 241,367 | |||||||||||||||
Purchases of investments | (17,056 | ) | (13 | ) | - | (589 | ) | (650 | ) | (263,396 | ) | 589 | (281,115 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of investments | 7,092 | 32 | - | 520 | 598 | 77,673 | (520 | ) | 85,395 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of investments | 21,030 | - | - | 348 | 459 | 112,125 | (348 | ) | 133,614 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in investments and advances-intercompany | (22,371 | ) | - | - | (165 | ) | 3,657 | 18,714 | 165 | - | ||||||||||||||
Business acquisitions | 384 | - | - | - | - | (384 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other investing activities | - | 6,259 | - | - | - | 1,417 | - | 7,676 | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (10,921 | ) | $ | 6,454 | $ | 5,759 | $ | 1,144 | $ | 5,255 | $ | 31,739 | $ | (1,144 | ) | $ | 38,286 | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid | $ | (3,237 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (3,237 | ) | ||||||
Dividends paid-intercompany | (121 | ) | (1,000 | ) | - | - | - | 1,121 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 17,514 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17,514 | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of preferred stock | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (3 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-third-party, net | (9,591 | ) | (2,788 | ) | 18,090 | 679 | (791 | ) | (18,575 | ) | (679 | ) | (13,655 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-intercompany, net | - | 1,550 | - | (3,122 | ) | (3,377 | ) | 1,827 | 3,122 | - | ||||||||||||||
Change in deposits | - | - | - | - | - | 61,718 | - | 61,718 | ||||||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
investment banking and brokerage borrowings- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
third-party | (1,339 | ) | (5,142 | ) | (20,847 | ) | - | (10 | ) | (24,657 | ) | - | (51,995 | ) | ||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
advances-intercompany | 10,344 | (18,126 | ) | (4,240 | ) | (3,056 | ) | (5,819 | ) | 17,841 | 3,056 | - | ||||||||||||
Capital contributions from parent | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other financing activities | 2,664 | - | - | - | (41 | ) | 41 | - | 2,664 | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 16,231 | $ | (25,506 | ) | $ | (6,997 | ) | $ | (5,499 | ) | $ | (10,038 | ) | $ | 39,316 | $ | 5,499 | $ | 13,006 | ||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
due from banks | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 632 | $ | - | $ | 632 | ||||||||
Net cash used in discontinued operations | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 14 | $ | - | $ | 14 | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and due from banks | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 390 | $ | - | $ | 53 | $ | 69 | $ | (4,232 | ) | $ | (53 | ) | $ | (3,781 | ) | ||||
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | $ | 13 | $ | 4,557 | $ | 1 | $ | 290 | $ | 396 | $ | 24,286 | $ | (290 | ) | $ | 29,253 | |||||||
Cash and due from banks at end of period from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
continuing operations | $ | 5 | $ | 4,947 | $ | 1 | $ | 343 | $ | 465 | $ | 20,054 | $ | (343 | ) | $ | 25,472 | |||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 412 | $ | (663 | ) | $ | 101 | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (137 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 12 | $ | (289 | ) | |||
Interest | $ | 8,891 | $ | 7,311 | $ | 2,898 | $ | 3,046 | $ | 530 | $ | 8,759 | $ | (3,046 | ) | $ | 28,389 | |||||||
Non-cash investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfers to repossessed assets | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,642 | $ | 1,704 | $ | 1,176 | $ | (1,642 | ) | $ | 2,880 |
254
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | and | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | eliminations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
activities of continuing operations | $ | 5,600 | $ | (21,162 | ) | $ | (1,028 | ) | $ | 4,591 | $ | 4,677 | $ | 108,433 | $ | (4,591 | ) | $ | 96,520 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in loans | $ | - | $ | 91 | $ | (26,363 | ) | $ | (3,177 | ) | $ | (1,118 | ) | $ | (243,131 | ) | $ | 3,177 | $ | (270,521 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans | - | 98 | - | - | - | 313,710 | - | 313,808 | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases of investments | (188,901 | ) | (47 | ) | - | (1,065 | ) | (1,338 | ) | (154,050 | ) | 1,065 | (344,336 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of investments | 38,020 | - | - | 309 | 649 | 54,997 | (309 | ) | 93,666 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of investments | 137,005 | - | 3 | 670 | 774 | 71,530 | (670 | ) | 209,312 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in investments and advances-intercompany | (83,055 | ) | - | - | (1,062 | ) | 1,496 | 81,559 | 1,062 | - | ||||||||||||||
Business acquisitions | - | (181 | ) | - | - | - | 181 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other investing activities | - | (17,142 | ) | - | - | - | (62,398 | ) | - | (79,540 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (96,931 | ) | $ | (17,181 | ) | $ | (26,360 | ) | $ | (4,325 | ) | $ | 463 | $ | 62,398 | $ | 4,325 | $ | (77,611 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid | $ | (7,526 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (7,526 | ) | ||||||
Dividends paid-intercompany | (239 | ) | (92 | ) | - | - | - | 331 | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 6,864 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6,864 | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of preferred stock | 70,626 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 70,626 | ||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (7 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (7 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-third-party, net | 15,086 | (9,543 | ) | 2,496 | (960 | ) | (5,345 | ) | (45,181 | ) | 960 | (42,487 | ) | |||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-intercompany, net | - | 26,264 | - | (956 | ) | (2,183 | ) | (24,081 | ) | 956 | - | |||||||||||||
Change in deposits | - | - | - | - | - | (37,811 | ) | - | (37,811 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
investment banking and brokerage borrowings- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
third-party | (3,197 | ) | (6,997 | ) | (10,100 | ) | - | (112 | ) | 6,610 | - | (13,796 | ) | |||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
advances-intercompany | 10,118 | 27,971 | 34,991 | 1,619 | 2,456 | (75,536 | ) | (1,619 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Capital contributions from parent | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other financing activities | (400 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (400 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 91,325 | $ | 37,603 | $ | 27,387 | $ | (297 | ) | $ | (5,184 | ) | $ | (175,668 | ) | $ | 297 | $ | (24,537 | ) | ||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
due from banks | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (2,948 | ) | $ | - | $ | (2,948 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used in discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | - | (377 | ) | - | (377 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net decrease in cash and due from banks | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (740 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (31 | ) | $ | (44 | ) | $ | (8,162 | ) | $ | 31 | $ | (8,953 | ) | |
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | $ | 19 | $ | 5,297 | $ | 2 | $ | 321 | $ | 440 | $ | 32,448 | $ | (321 | ) | $ | 38,206 | |||||||
Cash and due from banks at end of period from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
continuing operations | 13 | 4,557 | 1 | 290 | 396 | 24,286 | (290 | ) | 29,253 | |||||||||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 440 | $ | (2,742 | ) | $ | 350 | $ | 228 | $ | 287 | $ | 4,835 | $ | (228 | ) | $ | 3,170 | ||||||
Interest | 9,341 | 16,990 | 3,761 | 2,677 | 502 | 25,084 | (2,677 | ) | 55,678 | |||||||||||||||
Non-cash investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfers to repossessed assets | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,571 | $ | 1,621 | $ | 1,818 | $ | (1,571 | ) | $ | 3,439 |
255
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citigroup | subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
parent | and | Consolidating | Citigroup | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | company | CGMHI | CFI | CCC | Associates | eliminations | adjustments | consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
activities of continuing operations | $ | (7,572 | ) | $ | (26,696 | ) | $ | (269 | ) | $ | 3,973 | $ | 3,386 | $ | (40,400 | ) | $ | (3,973 | ) | $ | (71,551 | ) | ||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in loans | $ | - | $ | 174 | $ | (23,943 | ) | $ | (7,601 | ) | $ | (8,389 | ) | $ | (329,776 | ) | $ | 7,601 | $ | (361,934 | ) | |||
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans | - | - | - | - | - | 273,464 | - | 273,464 | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases of investments | (25,567 | ) | (302 | ) | - | (690 | ) | (1,662 | ) | (246,895 | ) | 690 | (274,426 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of investments | 15,475 | - | - | 276 | 755 | 195,523 | (276 | ) | 211,753 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of investments | 8,221 | - | - | 430 | 961 | 112,164 | (430 | ) | 121,346 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in investments and advances-intercompany | (31,692 | ) | - | - | 4,130 | (1,391 | ) | 33,083 | (4,130 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Business acquisitions | - | - | - | - | - | (15,614 | ) | - | (15,614 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other investing activities | - | (986 | ) | - | - | - | (15,980 | ) | - | (16,966 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (33,563 | ) | $ | (1,114 | ) | $ | (23,943 | ) | $ | (3,455 | ) | $ | (9,726 | ) | $ | 5,969 | $ | 3,455 | $ | (62,377 | ) | ||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid | $ | (10,778 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (10,778 | ) | ||||||
Dividends paid-intercompany | - | (1,903 | ) | - | (4,900 | ) | (1,500 | ) | 3,403 | 4,900 | - | |||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 1,060 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,060 | ||||||||||||||||
Redemption or retirement of preferred stock | (1,000 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,000 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (663 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (663 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-third-party, net | 47,271 | 940 | 16,656 | 270 | 457 | (12,345 | ) | (270 | ) | 52,979 | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds/(repayments) from issuance of long-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
debt-intercompany, net | (399 | ) | 14,097 | - | 9,243 | (4,511 | ) | (9,187 | ) | (9,243 | ) | - | ||||||||||||
Change in deposits | - | - | - | - | - | 93,422 | - | 93,422 | ||||||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
investment banking and brokerage borrowings- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
third-party | 5,603 | 2,630 | 7,593 | (1,200 | ) | (886 | ) | (4,515 | ) | 1,200 | 10,425 | |||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
advances-intercompany | 990 | 12,922 | (410 | ) | (3,998 | ) | 12,717 | (26,219 | ) | 3,998 | - | |||||||||||||
Capital contributions from parent | - | - | 375 | - | - | (375 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Other financing activities | (951 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (951 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 41,133 | $ | 28,686 | $ | 24,214 | $ | (585 | ) | $ | 6,277 | $ | 44,184 | $ | 585 | $ | 144,494 | |||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
due from banks | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,005 | $ | - | $ | 1,005 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 121 | $ | - | $ | 121 | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and due from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
banks | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 876 | $ | 2 | $ | (67 | ) | $ | (63 | ) | $ | 10,879 | $ | 67 | $ | 11,692 | |||||
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | 21 | 4,421 | - | 388 | 503 | 21,569 | (388 | ) | 26,514 | |||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks at end of period from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
continuing operations | $ | 19 | $ | 5,297 | $ | 2 | $ | 321 | $ | 440 | $ | 32,448 | $ | (321 | ) | $ | 38,206 | |||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | (1,225 | ) | $ | 230 | $ | 18 | $ | 387 | $ | 54 | $ | 6,846 | $ | (387 | ) | $ | 5,923 | ||||||
Interest | 5,121 | 30,388 | 6,711 | 2,315 | 432 | 30,080 | (2,315 | ) | 72,732 | |||||||||||||||
Non-cash investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfers to repossessed assets | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,083 | $ | 1,226 | $ | 1,061 | $ | (1,083 | ) | $ | 2,287 |
256
34. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
2009 | (1) | 2008 | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars, except per share amounts | Fourth | Third | Second | First | Fourth | Third | Second | First | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense | $ | 5,405 | $ | 20,390 | $ | 29,969 | $ | 24,521 | $ | 5,646 | $ | 16,258 | $ | 17,538 | $ | 12,157 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | 12,314 | 11,824 | 11,999 | 11,685 | 24,642 | 14,007 | 15,214 | 15,377 | ||||||||||||||||
Provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims | 8,184 | 9,095 | 12,676 | 10,307 | 12,695 | 9,067 | 7,100 | 5,852 | ||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (15,093 | ) | $ | (529 | ) | $ | 5,294 | $ | 2,529 | $ | (31,691 | ) | $ | (6,816 | ) | $ | (4,776 | ) | $ | (9,072 | ) | ||
Income taxes | (7,353 | ) | (1,122 | ) | 907 | 835 | (10,698 | ) | (3,295 | ) | (2,447 | ) | (3,886 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (7,740 | ) | $ | 593 | $ | 4,387 | $ | 1,694 | $ | (20,993 | ) | $ | (3,521 | ) | $ | (2,329 | ) | $ | (5,186 | ) | |||
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes | 232 | (418 | ) | (142 | ) | (117 | ) | 3,424 | 613 | (94 | ) | 59 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before attribution of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interests | $ | (7,508 | ) | $ | 175 | $ | 4,245 | $ | 1,577 | $ | (17,569 | ) | $ | (2,908 | ) | $ | (2,423 | ) | $ | (5,127 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 71 | 74 | (34 | ) | (16 | ) | (306 | ) | (93 | ) | 72 | (16 | ) | |||||||||||
Citigroup's net income (loss) | $ | (7,579 | ) | $ | 101 | $ | 4,279 | $ | 1,593 | $ | (17,263 | ) | $ | (2,815 | ) | $ | (2,495 | ) | $ | (5,111 | ) | |||
Earnings per share (2) (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | (0.34 | ) | (0.23 | ) | 0.51 | (0.16 | ) | $ | (4.04 | ) | $ | (0.73 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (1.05 | ) | |||||
Net income | (0.33 | ) | (0.27 | ) | 0.49 | (0.18 | ) | (3.40 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (1.03 | ) | |||||||||
Diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | (0.34 | ) | (0.23 | ) | 0.51 | (0.16 | ) | (4.04 | ) | (0.73 | ) | (0.53 | ) | (1.05 | ) | |||||||||
Net income | (0.33 | ) | (0.27 | ) | 0.49 | (0.18 | ) | $ | (3.40 | ) | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | (0.55 | ) | $ | (1.03 | ) | |||||
Common stock price per share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
High | 5.00 | 5.23 | 4.02 | 7.46 | $ | 23.00 | $ | 21.12 | $ | 26.81 | $ | 29.69 | ||||||||||||
Low | 3.20 | 2.59 | 2.68 | 1.02 | 3.77 | 14.03 | 16.76 | 18.62 | ||||||||||||||||
Close | 3.31 | 4.84 | 2.97 | 2.53 | 6.71 | 20.51 | 16.76 | 21.42 | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends per share of common stock | - | - | - | 0.01 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 |
This Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements is unaudited due to the Company's individual quarterly results not being subject to an audit.
(1) | The revenue and (after-tax impact) of the Company's correction of a CVA error in prior periods, which reduced revenues and net income in the fourth quarter of 2009 by $840 million ($518 million), respectively, related to the quarters in 2008 and 2009 as follows: $7 million ($4 million), $58 million ($36 million), $97 million ($60 million), $44 million ($27 million), for the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2008, respectively, and $198 million ($122 million), $115 million ($71 million) and $197 million ($121 million) for the first, second and third quarters of 2009, respectively. See also Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The impact of this CVA error was determined not to be material to the Company's results of operations and financial position for any previously reported period. Consequently, in the accompanying selected quarterly financial data, the cumulative effect through September 30, 2009 is recorded in the fourth quarter of 2009. | |
(2) | Due to averaging of shares, quarterly earnings per share may not add up to the totals reported for the full year. | |
(3) | Diluted shares are equal to basic shares for all four quarters of 2008 and the first, third and fourth quarter of 2009 due to the net loss available to common shareholders. Adding additional shares to the denominator would result in anti-dilution. |
[End of Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements]
257
FINANCIAL DATA SUPPLEMENT (Unaudited)
RATIOS
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Citigroup's net income to average assets | (0.08 | )% | (1.28 | )% | 0.17 | % |
Return on common stockholders' equity (1) | (9.4 | ) | (28.8 | ) | 2.9 | |
Return on total stockholders' equity (2) | (1.1 | ) | (20.9 | ) | 3.0 | |
Total average equity to average assets | 7.64 | 6.12 | 5.66 | |||
Dividends payout ratio (3) | NM | NM | 300.0 |
(1) | Based on net income less preferred stock dividends as a percentage of average common stockholders' equity. | |
(2) | Based on net income as a percentage of average total stockholders' equity. | |
(3) | Dividends declared per common share as a percentage of net income per diluted share. |
NM Not meaningful
AVERAGE DEPOSIT LIABILITIES IN OFFICES OUTSIDE THE U.S. (1)
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Average | Average | Average | Average | Average | Average | ||||||||||
In millions of dollars at year end | balance | interest rate | balance | interest rate | balance | interest rate | |||||||||
Banks | $ | 58,046 | 1.11 | % | $ | 60,315 | 3.25 | % | $ | 68,538 | 4.72 | % | |||
Other demand deposits | 187,478 | 0.66 | 212,781 | 1.85 | 208,634 | 2.57 | |||||||||
Other time and savings deposits (2) | 237,653 | 1.85 | 243,305 | 3.53 | 256,946 | 4.54 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 483,177 | 1.30 | % | $ | 516,401 | 2.81 | % | $ | 534,118 | 3.79 | % |
(1) | Interest rates and amounts include the effects of risk management activities and also reflect the impact of the local interest rates prevailing in certain countries. See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(2) | Primarily consists of certificates of deposit and other time deposits in denominations of $100,000 or more. |
MATURITY PROFILE OF TIME DEPOSITS
($100,000 OR MORE) IN U.S. OFFICES
In millions of dollars | Under 3 | Over 3 to 6 | Over 6 to 12 | Over 12 | |||||||
at December 31, 2009 | months | months | months | months | |||||||
Certificates of deposit | $ | 13,439 | $ | 5,609 | $ | 5,252 | $ | 4,752 | |||
Other time deposits | $ | 1,845 | $ | 106 | $ | 204 | $ | 1,181 |
SHORT-TERM AND OTHER BORROWINGS (1)
Federal funds purchased | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
and securities sold under | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
agreements to repurchase | (2) | Commercial paper | Other funds borrowed | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
Amounts outstanding at year end | $ | 154,281 | $ | 205,293 | $ | 304,243 | $ | 10,223 | $ | 29,125 | $ | 37,343 | $ | 58,656 | $ | 97,566 | $ | 109,145 | ||||||||
Average outstanding during the year (3) | 205,633 | 281,478 | 385,199 | 24,667 | 31,888 | 44,274 | 76,529 | 82,587 | 93,302 | |||||||||||||||||
Maximum month-end outstanding | 252,154 | 354,685 | 441,844 | 36,884 | 41,212 | 57,303 | 99,814 | 121,834 | 145,783 | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average interest rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the year (3) (4) | 1.67 | % | 4.00 | % | 5.97 | % | 0.99 | % | 3.10 | % | 5.29 | % | 1.54 | % | 1.70 | % | 2.79 | % | ||||||||
At year end (5) | 0.85 | % | 2.22 | % | 4.52 | % | 0.34 | % | 1.67 | % | 4.92 | % | 0.66 | % | 2.40 | % | 3.62 | % |
(1) | Original maturities of less than one year. | |
(2) | Rates reflect prevailing local interest rates including inflationary effects and monetary correction in certain countries. | |
(3) | Excludes discontinued operations. | |
(4) | Interest rates include the effects of risk management activities. See Notes 20 and 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
(5) | Based on contractual rates at year end. |
258
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
Proposed
Legislation
In addition
to the regulations and requirements discussed below, legislation is from time to
time introduced in Congress that may change banking statutes and the operating
environment of Citigroup and its subsidiaries in substantial and unpredictable
ways. This has been particularly true as a result of the financial crisis
beginning in late 2007. See "Risk Factors," above. Citigroup cannot determine
whether any such proposed legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, the
ultimate effect that any such potential legislation or implementing regulations
would have upon the financial condition or results of operations of Citigroup or
its subsidiaries.
Bank Holding Company/Financial Holding
Company
Citigroup's
ownership of Citibank, N.A. (Citibank) and other banks makes Citigroup a "bank
holding company" within the meaning of the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of
1956.
Bank holding companies are generally limited to the business of banking,
managing or controlling banks, and other closely related activities. Citigroup
is qualified as a "financial holding company," which permits Citi to engage in a
broader range of financial activities in the U.S. and abroad. These activities
include underwriting and dealing in securities, insurance underwriting and
brokerage, and making investments in non-financial companies for a limited
period of time, as long as Citi does not manage the non-financial company's
day-to-day activities, and its banking subsidiaries engage only in permitted
cross-marketing with the non-financial company. If Citigroup ceases to qualify
as a financial holding company, it could be barred from new financial activities
or acquisitions, and have to discontinue the broader range of activities
permitted to financial holding companies.
Regulators
As a bank holding company, Citigroup is
regulated and supervised by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
(FRB). Nationally chartered subsidiary banks, such as Citibank, are regulated
and supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC); federal
savings associations by the Office of Thrift Supervision; and state-chartered
depository institutions by state banking departments and the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The FDIC has back-up enforcement authority for
banking subsidiaries whose deposits it insures. Overseas branches of Citibank
are regulated and supervised by the FRB and OCC and overseas subsidiary banks by
the FRB. Such overseas branches and subsidiary banks are also regulated and
supervised by regulatory authorities in the host countries.
Internal Growth and
Acquisitions
Unless
otherwise required by the FRB, financial holding companies generally can engage,
directly or indirectly in the U.S. and abroad, in financial activities, either
de novo or by acquisition, by providing after-the-fact notice to the FRB.
However, all bank holding companies, including Citigroup, must obtain the prior
approval of the FRB before acquiring more than 5% of any class of voting stock
of a U.S. depository institution or bank holding
company.
Subject to certain restrictions and the prior
approval of the appropriate federal banking regulatory agency, Citi can acquire
U.S. depository institutions, including out-of-state banks. In addition,
intrastate bank mergers are permitted and banks in states that do not prohibit
out-of-state mergers may merge. A national or state bank can establish a new
branch in another state if permitted by the other state, and a federal savings
association can generally open new branches in any
state.
The FRB must approve certain additional
capital contributions to an existing non-U.S. investment and certain
acquisitions by Citigroup of an interest in a non-U.S. company, including in a
foreign bank, as well as the establishment by Citibank of foreign branches in
certain circumstances.
Dividends
Citi's bank holding companies and banking
subsidiaries are limited in their ability to pay dividends. See Note 21 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition to specific limitations on the
dividends that subsidiary banks can pay to their holding companies, federal
regulators could prohibit a dividend that would be an unsafe or unsound banking
practice. Further, pursuant to the various agreements Citigroup entered into
with the U.S. government during late 2008 and 2009, Citigroup is prohibited from
paying a dividend of more than $0.01 per share per quarter generally so long as
the U.S. Treasury or FDIC continue to hold any common stock or trust preferred
securities of Citigroup issued pursuant to Citi's exchange
offers.
It is FRB policy that bank holding companies should generally pay
dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year, and
only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization's
expected future needs and financial condition. In December 2009, the FRB advised
bank holding companies to consult with FRB staff before increasing dividends or
taking other actions that could diminish the bank holding company's capital
base. Moreover, bank holding companies should not maintain dividend levels that
undermine the company's ability to be a source of strength to its banking
subsidiaries.
259
Transactions with Non-Bank
Subsidiaries
A banking
subsidiary's transactions with a holding company or non-bank subsidiary
generally are limited to 10% of the banking subsidiary's capital stock and
surplus, with an aggregate limit of 20% of the banking subsidiary's capital
stock and surplus for all such transactions. Such transactions must be on
arm's-length terms, and certain credit transactions must be fully secured by
approved forms of collateral.
Liquidation
Citigroup's right to participate in the
distribution of assets of a subsidiary upon the subsidiary's liquidation will be
subordinate to the claims of the subsidiary's creditors. If the subsidiary is an
insured depository institution, Citi's claim as a stockholder or creditor will
be subordinated to the claims of depositors and other general or subordinated
creditors.
In the liquidation of a U.S.-insured
depository institution, deposits in U.S. offices and certain claims for
administrative expenses and employee compensation will have priority over other
general unsecured claims, including deposits in offices outside the U.S.,
non-deposit claims in all offices, and claims of a parent such as Citigroup. The
FDIC, which succeeds to the position of insured depositors, would be a priority
creditor.
An FDIC-insured financial institution that is
affiliated with a failed FDIC-insured institution may have to indemnify the FDIC
for losses resulting from the insolvency of the failed institution, even if this
causes the indemnifying institution also to become insolvent. Obligations of a
subsidiary depository institution to a parent company are subordinate to the
subsidiary's indemnity liability and the claims of its depositors.
Other Bank and Bank Holding Company
Regulation
Citigroup
and its banking subsidiaries are subject to other regulatory limitations,
including requirements for banks to maintain reserves against deposits;
requirements as to risk-based capital and leverage (see "Capital Resources and
Liquidity" above and Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements);
restrictions on the types and amounts of loans that may be made and the interest
that may be charged; and limitations on investments that can be made and
services that can be offered.
The FRB may also expect Citigroup to commit
resources to its subsidiary banks in certain circumstances. However, the FRB may
not compel a bank holding company to remove capital from its regulated
securities and insurance subsidiaries for this
purpose.
A U.S. bank is not required to repay a deposit
at a branch outside the U.S. if the branch cannot repay the deposit due to an
act of war, civil strife, or action taken by the government in the host country.
Privacy and Data
Security
Under U.S.
federal law, Citigroup must disclose its privacy policy to consumers, permit
consumers to "opt out" of having non-public customer information disclosed to
third parties, and allow customers to opt out of receiving marketing
solicitations based on information about the customer received from another
subsidiary. States may adopt more extensive privacy
protections.
Citigroup is similarly required to have an
information security program to safeguard the confidentiality and security of
customer information and to ensure its proper disposal and to notify customers
of unauthorized disclosure, consistent with applicable law or regulation.
Non-U.S.
Regulation
A
substantial portion of Citigroup's revenues is derived from its operations
outside the U.S., which are subject to the local laws and regulations of the
host country. Those requirements affect how the local activities are organized
and the manner in which they are conducted. Citi's foreign activities are thus
subject to both U.S. and foreign legal and regulatory requirements and
supervision, including U.S. laws prohibiting companies from doing business in
certain countries.
Securities
Regulation
Certain of
Citigroup's subsidiaries are subject to various securities and commodities
regulations and capital adequacy requirements promulgated by the regulatory and
exchange authorities of the jurisdictions in which they
operate.
Subsidiaries' registrations include as
broker-dealers and as investment advisers with the SEC and as futures commission
merchants and as commodity pool operators with the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (CFTC). Citigroup's
primary U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (CGMI), is
registered as a broker-dealer in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto
Rico, Taiwan and Guam. CGMI is also a primary dealer in U.S. Treasury securities
and a member of the principal United States futures exchanges. CGMI is subject
to extensive regulation, including minimum capital requirements, which are
promulgated and enforced by their Designated Examining Authority, the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and
various other self-regulatory organizations of which CGMI is a member. The SEC and the CFTC also require certain registered
broker-dealers (including CGMI) to maintain records concerning certain financial
and securities activities of affiliated companies that may be material to the
broker-dealer, and to file certain financial and other information regarding
such affiliated companies.
260
Citigroup's securities operations abroad are conducted through various
subsidiaries and affiliates, principally Citigroup Global Markets Limited in
London and Citigroup Global Markets Japan Inc. in Tokyo. Its securities
activities in the United Kingdom, which include investment banking, trading, and
brokerage services, are subject to the Financial Services and Markets Act of
2000, which regulates organizations that conduct investment businesses in the
United Kingdom including capital and liquidity requirements, and to the rules of
the Financial Services Authority. Citigroup Global Markets Japan Inc. is a
registered securities company in Japan, and as such its activities in Japan are
regulated principally by the Financial Services Agency of Japan. These and other
subsidiaries of Citigroup are also members of various securities and commodities
exchanges and are subject to the rules and regulations of those exchanges.
Citigroup's other offices abroad are also subject to the jurisdiction of foreign
financial services regulatory
authorities.
CGMI is a member of the Securities Investor
Protection Corporation (SIPC), which provides protection for customers of a
broker-dealer against losses in the event of the liquidation of a broker-dealer.
SIPC protects customers' securities accounts held by a broker-dealer up to
$500,000 for each eligible customer, subject to a limitation of $100,000 for
claims for cash balances. To supplement this SIPC coverage, CGMI has purchased
additional protection for the benefit of its customers, subject to an aggregate
loss limit of $600 million and a per client cash loss limit of up to $1.9
million.
Capital
Requirements
As
a registered broker-dealer, CGMI is subject to Rule 15c3-1 of the SEC (the Net
Capital Rule). Under the Net Capital Rule, CGMI is required to maintain minimum
net capital based on the greater of the SEC or CFTC minimum net capital
requirement equal to 2% of aggregate debit items, as defined. Under
NYSE regulations, CGMI may be required to reduce its business if its net capital
is less than 4% of aggregate debit items and may also be prohibited from
expanding its business or paying cash dividends if resulting net capital would
be less than 5% of aggregate debit items. Furthermore, the Net Capital
Rule does not permit withdrawal of equity or subordinated capital if the
resulting net capital would be less than 5% of aggregate debit
items.
CGMI was approved by the SEC to compute net capital in accordance with
the provisions of Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1. This methodology allows CGMI to
compute market risk capital charges using internal value-at-risk models. Under
Appendix E, CGMI is also required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1
billion and net capital in excess of $500 million. The firm is also required to
notify the SEC in the event that its tentative net capital is less than $5
billion.
Compliance with
the Net Capital Rule could limit those operations of CGMI that require the
intensive use of capital, such as underwriting and trading activities and the
financing of customer account balances, and also limits the ability of
broker-dealers to transfer large amounts of capital to parent companies and
other affiliates.
CUSTOMERS
In Citigroup's judgment, no material part of
Citigroup's business depends upon a single customer or group of customers, the
loss of which would have a materially adverse effect on Citi, and no one
customer or group of affiliated customers accounts for as much as 10% of
Citigroup's consolidated revenues.
261
COMPETITION
The financial services industry, including
each of Citigroup's businesses, is highly competitive. Citigroup's competitors
include a variety of other financial services and advisory companies such as
banks, thrifts, credit unions, credit card issuers, mortgage banking companies,
trust companies, investment banking companies, brokerage firms, investment
advisory companies, hedge funds, private equity funds, securities processing
companies, mutual fund companies, insurance companies, automobile financing
companies, and Internet-based financial services
companies.
Citigroup competes for clients with some of
these competitors globally and with others on a regional or product basis.
Increased competition may create pressure to lower prices on our products and
services and affect market share. Our competitive position depends on many
factors, including brand name, reputation, the types of clients, industries and
geographies served, the quality, range, performance, innovation and pricing of
products and services, the effectiveness of and access to distribution channels,
technology advances, customer service and convenience, effectiveness of
transaction execution, interest rates and lending limits, regulatory
constraints, the talent of our employees and the effectiveness of advertising
and sales promotion efforts.
In recent years, Citigroup has experienced
intense price competition in some of its businesses. For example, the increased
pressure on trading commissions from growing direct access to automated,
electronic markets may continue to impact Securities and Banking , and technological advances that enable more companies to provide funds
transfers may diminish the importance of Regional Consumer Banking 's role as a financial intermediary. Citigroup also faces intense
competition in attracting and retaining qualified employees, and its ability to
compete effectively will depend upon its ability to attract new employees and
retain and sufficiently motivate existing employees, while managing compensation
and other costs. See "Risk Factors"
above.
An increasingly global financial services industry has seen substantial
consolidation among companies, particularly during the recent credit crisis,
through mergers, acquisitions and bankruptcies. In addition, as a result of the
recent credit crisis, certain investment banks and other entities became bank
holding companies and/or financial holding companies. This consolidation may
produce larger, better capitalized and more geographically diverse competitors
able to offer a wider array of products and services at more competitive prices
around the world. Additionally, some of Citigroup's competitors may face fewer
regulatory constraints resulting in lower cost structures and increased
operating flexibility. In certain geographic regions, including "emerging
markets," our competitors may have a stronger local presence, longer operating
histories, and more established relationships with clients and
regulators.
Citigroup also actively competes for access to
capital at competitive rates to fund its operations, including competition for
deposits and funding in the short- and long-term debt
markets.
PROPERTIES
Citigroup's principal executive offices are
located at 399 Park Avenue in New York City. Citigroup, and certain of its
subsidiaries, is the largest tenant of this building. Citigroup also has
additional office space in 601 Lexington Avenue (formerly known as Citigroup
Center-153 East 53 rd Street, NYC) under a
long-term lease. Citibank leases one building and owns another in Long Island
City, New York, and has a long-term lease on a building at 111 Wall Street in
New York City, which are totally occupied by Citigroup and certain of its
subsidiaries.
Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. has its
principal offices in a building it leases at 388 Greenwich Street in New York
City, and also leases the neighboring building at 390 Greenwich Street, both of
which are fully occupied by Citigroup and certain of its
subsidiaries.
Citigroup's principal executive offices in EMEA are located at 25 and 33 Canada
Square in London's Canary Wharf. Citigroup has a long-term lease for both
buildings, and is the sole tenant of 33 Canada Square and the largest tenant of
25 Canada Square. Citigroup has offices and a branch network throughout EMEA .
In Asia , Citigroup's
principal executive offices are in leased premises located at Citibank Tower in
Central, Hong Kong. Citigroup has major or full ownership interests in country
headquarter locations in Shanghai, Seoul, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and
Mumbai.
Banamex's headquarters building is located in
Mexico City in the Santa Fe area, which is a two-tower complex with six floors
each totaling 257,000 rentable square feet. The building is owned by Banamex.
Banamex has office and branch sites throughout
Mexico.
Citigroup owns or leases over 82.2 million
square feet of real estate in 101 countries, comprised of 12,800
properties.
Citigroup believes its properties are adequate
and suitable for its business as presently conducted and are adequately
maintained. Citigroup continues to evaluate its current and projected space
requirements and may determine from time to time that certain of its premises
and facilities are no longer necessary for its operations. There is no assurance
that Citigroup will be able to dispose of any such excess premises or that it
will not incur charges in connection with such dispositions. Such disposition
costs may be material to Citigroup's operating results in a given
period.
Citi has developed programs to achieve long-term energy efficiency objectives and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions with respect to its properties. These activities could help to mitigate, but will not eliminate, Citigroup's risk of increased costs from potential future regulatory requirements that would impact Citi as a consumer of energy.
For further information concerning leases, see Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
262
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In addition to the matters described below, in
the ordinary course of business, Citigroup and its affiliates and subsidiaries
and current and former officers, directors and employees (for purposes of this
section, sometimes collectively referred to as Citigroup and Related Parties)
routinely are named as defendants in, or as parties to, various legal actions
and proceedings. Certain of these actions and proceedings assert claims or seek
relief in connection with alleged violations of consumer protection, securities,
banking, antifraud, antitrust, employment and other statutory and common laws.
Certain of these actual or threatened legal actions and proceedings include
claims for substantial or indeterminate compensatory or punitive damages, or for
injunctive relief.
In the ordinary course of business, Citigroup
and Related Parties also are subject to governmental and regulatory
examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings
(both formal and informal), certain of which may result in adverse judgments,
settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. Certain affiliates
and subsidiaries of Citigroup are banks, registered broker-dealers or investment
advisers and, in those capacities, are subject to regulation by various U.S.,
state and foreign securities and banking regulators. In connection with formal
and informal inquiries by these regulators, Citigroup and such affiliates and
subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders seeking documents,
testimony and other information in connection with various aspects of their
regulated activities.
Because of the global scope of Citigroup's
operations, and its presence in countries around the world, Citigroup and
Related Parties are subject to litigation, and governmental and regulatory
examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings
(both formal and informal) in multiple jurisdictions with legal and regulatory
regimes that may differ substantially, and present substantially different
risks, from those Citigroup and Related Parties are subject to in the United
States.
Citigroup seeks to resolve all litigation and regulatory matters in the
manner management believes is in the best interests of the Company and contests
liability, allegations of wrongdoing and, where applicable, the amount of
damages or scope of any penalties or other relief sought as appropriate in each
pending matter. In view of the inherent unpredictability of litigation and
regulatory matters, particularly where the damages sought are substantial or
indeterminate, the investigations or proceedings are in the early stages, or the
matters involve novel legal theories or a large number of parties, Citigroup
cannot state with certainty the timing or ultimate resolution of litigations and
regulatory matters or the eventual loss, fines, penalties or business impact, if
any, associated with each pending
matter.
In accordance with ASC 450 (formerly SFAS 5),
Citigroup establishes reserves for litigation and regulatory matters when those
matters present loss contingencies that both are probable and can be reasonably
estimated. Once established, reserves are adjusted from time to time, as
appropriate, in light of additional information. The actual costs of resolving
litigations and regulatory matters, however, may be substantially higher or
lower than the amounts reserved for those matters.
Subject to the foregoing, it is the opinion of Citigroup's management, based on current knowledge and after taking into account available insurance coverage and its current legal reserves, that the eventual outcome of such matters, including the matters described below, would not be likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Citi. Nonetheless, given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on Citi's consolidated results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Credit-Crisis-Related Litigation and
Other Matters
Citigroup
and Related Parties have been named as defendants in numerous legal actions and
other proceedings asserting claims for damages and related relief for losses
arising from the global financial credit and subprime-mortgage crisis that began
in 2007. Such matters include, among other types of proceedings, claims asserted
by: (i) individual investors and purported classes of investors in Citi's common
and preferred stock and debt, alleging violations of the federal securities
laws; (ii) individual investors and purported classes of investors in, and
issuers of, auction rate securities alleging violations of the federal
securities and antitrust laws; (iii) shareholders alleging derivative claims
related to subprime and auction-rate securities activities; (iv) participants
and purported classes of participants in Citi's retirement plans, alleging
violations of ERISA; (v) counterparties to significant transactions adversely
affected by developments in the credit and subprime markets; (vi) individual
investors and purported classes of investors in securities and other investments
underwritten, issued or marketed by Citigroup, and other strategic investments,
that have suffered losses as a result of the credit crisis; (vii)
municipalities, related entities and individuals asserting public nuisance
claims; and (viii) individual borrowers asserting claims related to their loans.
These matters have been filed in state and federal courts across the country, as
well as in arbitrations before FINRA and other arbitration
associations.
In addition to these litigations and
arbitrations, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007, certain of Citigroup's
regulators and other state and federal government agencies commenced formal and
informal investigations and inquiries, and issued subpoenas and requested
information, concerning Citigroup's subprime mortgage-related conduct and
business activities. Citigroup is involved in discussions with certain of its
regulators to resolve certain of these
matters.
Certain of these litigation and regulatory
matters assert claims for substantial or indeterminate damages. Some of these
matters already have been resolved, either through settlements or court
proceedings, including the complete dismissal of certain complaints or the
rejection of certain claims following hearings.
263
Subprime
Mortgage-Related Litigation and Other Matters
Beginning in November 2007, Citigroup and
Related Parties have been named as defendants in numerous legal actions and
other proceedings brought by Citigroup shareholders, investors, counterparties
and others concerning Citigroup's activities relating to subprime mortgages,
including Citigroup's exposure to collateralized debt obligations (CDOs),
mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and structured investment vehicles (SIVs),
Citigroup's underwriting activity for subprime mortgage lenders, and Citigroup's
more general involvement in subprime- and credit-related
activities.
Securities
Actions: Several
putative class actions were filed in the Southern District of New York by
Citigroup shareholders alleging violations of Sections 10 and 20 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. On August 19, 2008, these actions were
consolidated under the caption IN RE CITIGROUP SECURITIES LITIGATION, and lead
plaintiff and counsel were appointed. Plaintiffs' consolidated amended class
action complaint alleges, among other things, that Citigroup's stock price was
artificially inflated as a result of purportedly misleading disclosures
concerning Citigroup's subprime mortgage–related exposures. A motion to dismiss
the consolidated class action complaint is
pending.
In addition, Citigroup and Related Parties
were named as defendants in two putative class actions filed in New York state
court but since removed to the Southern District of New York. These actions
allege violations of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933,
arising out of various offerings of Citigroup notes during 2006, 2007 and 2008.
On December 10, 2008, these actions were consolidated under the caption IN RE
CITIGROUP INC. BOND LITIGATION. A motion to dismiss the consolidated class
action complaint is pending.
ERISA
Actions: Numerous
class actions were filed in the Southern District of New York asserting claims
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) against Citigroup and
certain Citigroup employees alleged to have served as ERISA plan fiduciaries. On
August 31, 2009, the court granted defendants' motion to dismiss the
consolidated class action complaint, captioned IN RE CITIGROUP ERISA LITIGATION.
Plaintiffs have appealed the
dismissal.
Derivative Actions and
Related Proceedings: Numerous derivative actions have been filed in federal and state courts
against various current and former officers and directors of Citigroup alleging
mismanagement in connection with subprime mortgage–related exposures. Citigroup
is named as a nominal defendant in these actions. Certain of these actions have
been dismissed either in their entirety or in large part. In addition, a
committee of Citi's Board of Directors is reviewing certain shareholder demands
that raise subprime-related
issues.
Underwriting
Matters: Certain
Citigroup affiliates and subsidiaries have been named as defendants for their
activities as underwriters of securities in actions brought by investors in
securities of issuers adversely affected by the credit crisis, including AIG,
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ambac and Lehman, among many others. These matters are
in various stages of litigation.
Subprime Counterparty and Investor Actions: Citigroup and Related Parties have been named as defendants in actions brought in various state and federal courts, as well as in arbitrations, by counterparties and investors that have suffered losses as a result of the credit crisis, including: Ambac Credit Products, LLC, which alleges various claims including fraud and breach of fiduciary duty in connection with Citigroup's purchase of credit protection from Ambac for a $1.95 billion super-senior tranche of a CDO structured by Citigroup subsidiaries; investors and purported classes of investors in the Falcon and ASTA/MAT funds, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws arising out of Citigroup's sale and marketing of shares in certain of these funds; and Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, alleging statutory and common law claims in connection with its $7.5 billion investment in Citigroup. These matters are in various procedural stages.
Auction Rate Securities-Related Litigation and
Other Matters
Beginning
in March 2008, Citigroup and Related Parties have been named as defendants in
numerous actions and proceedings brought by Citigroup shareholders and customers
concerning auction rate securities (ARS). In addition to those matters described
below, these have included, among others, numerous arbitrations filed by
customers of Citigroup and its subsidiaries seeking damages in connection with
investments in ARS, which are in various stages of proceedings, and a derivative
action filed against certain Citigroup officers and directors, which has been
dismissed. A committee of Citi's Board of Directors is reviewing a demand sent
to the Board following the dismissal of the derivative
action.
Securities
Actions: Beginning
in March 2008, Citigroup and Related Parties were named as defendants in a
series of putative class action lawsuits related to ARS. These actions have been
consolidated into a single action pending in the Southern District of New York,
captioned IN RE CITIGROUP AUCTION RATE SECURITIES LITIGATION, asserting claims
for federal securities and other statutory and common law violations. On
September 11, 2009, the court granted defendants' motion to dismiss the
consolidated amended complaint. On October 15, 2009, plaintiffs filed a further
amended complaint, which defendants also have moved to dismiss.
264
Antitrust Actions: Two antitrust actions were filed in the Southern District of New York on behalf of purported classes of ARS issuers and investors, respectively, against Citigroup, CGMI and various other financial institutions. In these actions, plaintiffs allege violations of Section 1 of the Sherman Act arising out of defendants' alleged conspiracy to restrain trade in the ARS market. On January 26, 2010, both actions were dismissed.
Lehman Structured Notes
Matters
Like many other
financial institutions, Citigroup, through certain of its affiliates and
subsidiaries, distributed structured notes issued and guaranteed by Lehman
entities to retail customers in various countries outside the United States,
principally in Europe and Asia. After the relevant Lehman entities filed for
bankruptcy protection in September 2008, certain regulators in Europe and Asia
commenced investigations into the conduct of financial institutions involved in
such distribution, including Citigroup entities. These regulatory investigations
are in various stages, and some have resulted in adverse findings against
Citigroup entities. Some purchasers of the notes have filed civil actions or
otherwise complained about the sales process. Citigroup has generally dealt with
such complaints and claims on an individual basis based on the particular
circumstances. In Belgium and in Poland, however, Citigroup has made a
settlement offer to all eligible purchasers of notes distributed by Citigroup in
those countries. A significant majority of the eligible purchasers have accepted
these offers. Also in Belgium, a criminal case is proceeding against a Citigroup
subsidiary, two current employees and one former employee. Citigroup disputes
that it or its employees have engaged in any wrongdoing in connection with the
distribution of Lehman notes in Belgium or elsewhere and is defending the
charges. Criminal investigations have also commenced in Greece and
Poland.
Interchange Fees
Litigation
Beginning in
2005, several putative class actions were filed against Citigroup and certain of
its subsidiaries, together with Visa, MasterCard and other banks and their
affiliates, in various federal district courts. These actions were consolidated
with other related cases in the Eastern District of New York and captioned IN RE
PAYMENT CARD INTERCHANGE FEE AND MERCHANT DISCOUNT ANTITRUST LITIGATION. The
plaintiffs in the consolidated class action are merchants that accept Visa and
MasterCard branded payment cards as well as membership associations that claim
to represent certain groups of merchants. The pending complaint alleges, among
other things, that defendants (including the Citigroup defendants) have engaged
in conspiracies to set the price of interchange and merchant discount fees on
credit and debit card transactions in violation of Section 1
of the Sherman Act and a
California statute. The complaint also alleges additional Sherman Act and
California law violations, including alleged unlawful maintenance of monopoly
power and alleged unlawful contracts in restraint of trade pertaining to various
Visa and MasterCard rules governing merchant conduct (including rules allegedly
affecting merchants' ability, at the point of sale, to surcharge payment card
transactions or steer customers to particular payment cards). In addition,
supplemental complaints filed against defendants in the class action allege that
Visa's and MasterCard's respective initial public offerings were anticompetitive
and violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act, and that MasterCard's initial public
offering constituted a fraudulent
conveyance.
In addition to injunctive relief, plaintiffs
seek joint and several liability for treble the amount of damages, including all
interchange fees paid to all Visa and MasterCard members with respect to Visa
and MasterCard transactions in the U.S. since at least January 1, 2004.
Defendants' motions to dismiss the pending class action complaint and the
supplemental complaints are pending. Also pending is plaintiffs' motion to
certify nationwide classes consisting of all U.S. merchants. Discovery has
closed, with the exception of expert discovery.
Parmalat Litigation and Other
Matters
On July 29,
2004, Dr. Enrico Bondi, the Extraordinary Commissioner appointed under Italian
law to oversee the administration of various Parmalat companies, filed a
complaint in New Jersey state court against Citigroup and Related
Parties alleging that the defendants "facilitated" a number of frauds by
Parmalat insiders. The complaint asserted 10 claims, nine of which were
dismissed pretrial, arising out of four sets of transactions involving
Parmalat companies; Citibank, N.A. asserted several counterclaims. On October
20, 2008, following trial, a jury rendered a verdict in Citigroup's favor on
plaintiff's remaining claim, and in favor of Citibank on three counterclaims.
The court entered judgment for Citibank in the amount of $431 million on the
counterclaims. Plaintiff's appeal from the court's final judgment is pending. In
addition, prosecutors in Parma and Milan, Italy, are conducting a criminal
investigation of Citigroup and certain current and former Citigroup employees
(along with numerous other investment banks and certain of their current and
former employees, as well as former Parmalat officers and accountants). In the
event of an adverse judgment against the individuals in question, it is possible
that the authorities could seek administrative remedies against Citigroup.
Additionally, Dr. Bondi has purported to file a civil complaint against
Citigroup in the context of the Parma criminal proceedings, seeking
14 billion Euro in damages.
265
Adelphia
Litigation
Adversary
proceedings were filed in 2003 by the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors
and the Equity Holders Committee on behalf of Adelphia Communications
Corporation and affiliated parties against certain Citigroup affiliates and
subsidiaries as well as other lenders and investment banks asserting violations
of the Bank Holding Company Act, the Bankruptcy Code, and common law. The
complaints sought unspecified damages and recovery of certain purportedly
fraudulent transfers. Following litigation of motions to dismiss, the Adelphia
Recovery Trust (the ART), which replaced the committees as plaintiffs in the
actions, filed a consolidated amended complaint on behalf of the Adelphia
Estate. The district court granted in part and denied in part the defendants'
motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint. The ART's appeal to the Second
Circuit from that partial dismissal is pending. Before the district court, the
parties are briefing summary judgment. Trial of any claims that survive is
scheduled for September 2010.
Bruno's Litigation
Plaintiffs, purchasers of senior subordinated
notes issued in connection with a 1995 leveraged recapitalization of Bruno's
Inc., filed a complaint in Alabama state court against certain Citigroup
subsidiaries and affiliates, and other defendants, in 2004, alleging violations
of state law arising out of an underwriting of Bruno's securities. Plaintiffs
seek "hundreds of millions of dollars" in damages. In January 2010, prior to
trial, the Citigroup defendants entered into a settlement conditioned on court
approval.
Research Analyst
Litigation
Beginning in
2002, Citigroup and Related Parties were named as defendants in a series of
individual and putative class action lawsuits relating to the issuance of
research analyst reports concerning WorldCom and other issuers. One individual
WorldCom action remains pending on appeal in the Second Circuit, following
dismissal of the complaint by the federal district court for the Southern
District of New York. The Second Circuit certified certain questions of law to
the Georgia Supreme Court, which has issued an opinion answering those
questions. The Second Circuit has not yet decided the
appeal.
In March 2004, a putative research-related customer class action alleging
various state law claims arising out of the issuance of allegedly misleading
research analyst reports concerning numerous issuers was filed against certain
Citigroup defendants in Illinois state court. Citigroup's motion to dismiss the
complaint is pending.
Cash Balance Plan
Litigation
Beginning in
June 2005, several putative class actions were filed in the Southern District of
New York by certain participants in the Citigroup Pension Plan (Plan), alleging
violations of ERISA against the Plan and other Citigroup defendants. In December
2006, the district court denied defendants' summary judgment motion; granted
summary judgment to plaintiffs on certain claims; and ordered the Plan reformed
to comply with ERISA. In January 2008, the court entered a partial final
judgment on certain of plaintiffs' claims and stayed the judgment pending
appeal. On October 19, 2009, the Second Circuit reversed the district court's
order granting summary judgment for plaintiffs and dismissed plaintiffs'
complaint. On January 12, 2010, the Second Circuit denied
rehearing.
Allied Irish
In 2003, Allied Irish Bank (AIB) filed a
complaint in the Southern District of New York seeking to hold Citibank and Bank
of America, former prime brokers for AIB's subsidiary, Allfirst Bank (Allfirst),
liable for losses incurred by Allfirst as a result of fraudulent and fictitious
foreign currency trades entered into by one of Allfirst's traders. The Court
granted in part and denied in part defendants' motions to dismiss, and the
parties are currently engaged in discovery.
Settlement
Payments
Payments
required in settlement agreements described above have been made or are covered
by existing litigation reserves.
Additional lawsuits containing claims similar to those described above may be filed in the future.
266
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY; PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES; DIVIDENDS
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Share Repurchases
Under its long-standing
repurchase program, Citigroup may buy back common shares in the market or
otherwise from time to time. This program is used for many purposes, including
offsetting dilution from stock-based compensation programs.
The following table summarizes Citigroup's
share repurchases during 2009:
Approximate dollar | |||||||
value of shares that | |||||||
Average | may yet be purchased | ||||||
Total shares | price paid | under the plan or | |||||
In millions, except per share amounts | purchased | (1) | per share | programs | |||
First quarter 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | 0.2 | $ | 3.03 | $ | 6,741 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 10.7 | 3.56 | N/A | ||||
Total first quarter 2009 | 10.9 | $ | 3.55 | $ | 6,741 | ||
Second quarter 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | 0.2 | $ | 3.27 | $ | 6,740 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 4.4 | 3.67 | N/A | ||||
Total second quarter 2009 | 4.6 | $ | 3.65 | $ | 6,740 | ||
Third quarter 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | 0.5 | $ | 3.21 | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 1.3 | 3.22 | N/A | ||||
Total third quarter 2009 | 1.8 | $ | 3.22 | $ | 6,739 | ||
October 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | - | $ | - | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 0.2 | 4.65 | N/A | ||||
November 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | - | $ | - | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 10.3 | 4.11 | N/A | ||||
December 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | - | $ | - | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 9.3 | 3.34 | N/A | ||||
Fourth quarter 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | - | $ | - | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 19.8 | 3.76 | N/A | ||||
Total fourth quarter 2009 | 19.8 | $ | 3.76 | $ | 6,739 | ||
Year-to-date 2009 | |||||||
Open market repurchases (1) | 0.9 | $ | 3.20 | $ | 6,739 | ||
Employee transactions (2) | 36.2 | 3.67 | N/A | ||||
Total year-to-date 2009 | 37.1 | $ | 3.66 | $ | 6,739 |
(1) | All open market repurchases were transacted under an existing authorized share repurchase plan. Since 2000, the Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of shares in the aggregate amount of $40 billion under Citi's existing share repurchase plan. All shares repurchased during 2009 relate to customer fails/errors. |
(2) | Consists of shares added to treasury stock related to activity on employee stock option program exercises, where the employee delivers existing shares to cover the option exercise, or under Citi's employee restricted or deferred stock program, where shares are withheld to satisfy tax requirements. |
N/A Not applicable
|
For so long as the U.S. government holds any Citigroup common stock or trust preferred securities acquired pursuant to the preferred stock exchange offers consummated in 2009, Citigroup has agreed not to acquire, repurchase
or redeem any Citigroup equity or trust preferred securities, other than pursuant to administrating its employee benefit plans or other customary exceptions, or with the consent of the U.S. government.
267
Dividends
For a summary of the cash dividends paid on
Citi's outstanding common stock during 2008 and 2009, see Note 34 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, for so long as the U.S.
government holds any Citigroup common stock or trust preferred securities
acquired pursuant to the preferred exchange offers consummated in 2009,
Citigroup has agreed not to pay a quarterly common stock dividend exceeding
$0.01 per quarter, subject to certain customary exceptions. Further, any
dividend on Citi's outstanding common stock would need to be made in compliance
with Citi's obligations to any remaining outstanding Citigroup preferred
stock.
Executive Officers
Citigroup's executive officers as of February
26, 2010 are:
Name | Age | Position and office held | ||
Shirish Apte | 57 | CEO, Asia Pacific | ||
Stephen Bird | 43 | CEO, Asia Pacific | ||
Don Callahan | 53 | Chief Administrative Officer | ||
Michael L. Corbat | 49 | CEO, Citi Holdings | ||
John C. Gerspach | 56 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
John Havens | 53 | CEO, Institutional Clients Group | ||
Michael S. Helfer | 64 | General Counsel and Corporate Secretary | ||
Lewis B. Kaden | 67 | Vice Chairman | ||
Edward J. Kelly, III | 56 | Vice Chairman | ||
Brian Leach | 50 | Chief Risk Officer | ||
Eugene M. McQuade | 61 | CEO, Citibank, N.A. | ||
Manuel Medina-Mora | 59 | CEO, Consumer Banking for the Americas; | ||
Chairman of the Global Consumer Council; | ||||
Chairman & CEO, Latin America & Mexico | ||||
William J. Mills | 54 | CEO, Europe, Middle East and Africa | ||
Vikram S. Pandit | 53 | Chief Executive Officer | ||
Alberto J. Verme | 52 | CEO, Europe, Middle East and Africa | ||
Jeffrey R. Walsh | 52 | Controller and Chief Accounting Officer |
Each executive officer has held executive or management positions with Citigroup for at least five years, except that:
Mr. Callahan joined Citigroup in 2007. Prior to joining Citi, Mr. Callahan was a Managing Director and Head of Client Coverage Strategy for the Investment Banking Division at Credit Suisse. From 1993 to 2006, Mr. Callahan worked at Morgan Stanley, serving in numerous roles, including Global Head of Marketing and Head of Marketing for the Institutional Equities Division and for the Institutional Securities Group. Mr. Havens joined Citigroup in 2007. Prior to joining Citigroup, Mr. Havens was a partner of Old Lane, LP, a multi-strategy hedge fund and private equity fund manager that was acquired by Citi in 2007. Mr. Havens, along with several former colleagues from Morgan Stanley (including Mr. Leach and Mr. Pandit), founded Old Lane in 2005. Before forming Old Lane, Mr. Havens was Head of Institutional Equity at Morgan Stanley and a member of the firm's Management Committee.Mr. Kaden joined Citigroup in September 2005. Prior to joining Citigroup, Mr. Kaden was a partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell. Mr. Kelly joined Citi in February 2008 from The Carlyle Group, a private investment firm, where he was a Managing Director. Prior to joining Carlyle in July 2007, he was a Vice Chairman at The PNC Financial Services Group following PNC's acquisition of Mercantile Bankshares Corporation in March 2007. He was Chairman, Chief Executive and President of Mercantile from March 2003 through March 2007. Mr. Leach joined Citigroup in 2008. Prior to becoming Citi's Chief Risk Officer in March 2008, Mr. Leach was a founder and the co-COO of Old Lane, which was acquired by Citi in 2007. Earlier, he had worked for his entire financial career at Morgan Stanley, finishing as Risk Manager of the Institutional Securities Business. Mr. McQuade joined Citi in August 2009. Prior to joining Citi, Mr. McQuade was Vice Chairman of Merrill Lynch and President of Merrill Lynch Banks (U.S.) from February 2008 until February 2009. Previously, he was the President and Chief Operating Officer of Freddie Mac for three years. Prior to joining Freddie Mac in 2004, Mr. McQuade served as President of Bank of America Corporation. Mr. Pandit, prior to being named CEO on December 11, 2007, was Chairman and CEO of Citigroup's Institutional Clients Group . Formerly the Chairman and CEO of Alternative Investments, Mr. Pandit was a founding member and chairman of the members committee of Old Lane, LP, which was acquired by Citigroup in 2007. Prior to forming Old Lane, Mr. Pandit held a number of senior positions at Morgan Stanley over more than two decades, including President and Chief Operating Officer of Morgan Stanley's institutional securities and investment banking business and was a member of the firm's Management Committee.
268
Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total
Return
The following
graph compares the cumulative total return on Citigroup's common stock with the
S&P 500 Index and the S&P Financial Index over the five-year period
extending through December 31, 2009. The graph assumes
that $100 was invested on December 31, 2004 in Citigroup's common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Financial Index and that all dividends were reinvested.
Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative
Total Return |
DECEMBER 31 | CITIGROUP | S&P 500 INDEX | S&P FINANCIAL INDEX | |||
2005 | 104.38 | 104.83 | 106.30 | |||
2006 | 124.02 | 121.20 | 126.41 | |||
2007 | 70.36 | 127.85 | 103.47 | |||
2008 | 18.71 | 81.12 | 47.36 | |||
2009 | 9.26 | 102.15 | 55.27 |
269
CORPORATE INFORMATION
Citigroup has a Code of
Conduct that maintains its commitment to the highest standards of conduct. The
Code of Conduct is supplemented by a Code of Ethics for Financial Professionals
(including finance, accounting, treasury, tax and investor relations
professionals) that applies worldwide. The Code of Ethics for Financial
Professionals applies to Citigroup's principal executive officer, principal
financial officer and principal accounting officer. Amendments and waivers, if
any, to the Code of Ethics for Financial Professionals will be disclosed on
Citi's Web site, www.citigroup.com .
Both the Code of Conduct and the Code of
Ethics for Financial Professionals can be found on the Citigroup Web site. The Code of Conduct
can be found by clicking on "About Citi," and the Code of Ethics for Financial
Professionals can be found by further clicking on "Corporate Governance" and
then "Governance Documents." Citi's Corporate Governance Guidelines can also be
found there. The charters for the Audit Committee, the Risk Management and
Finance Committee, the Nomination and Governance Committee, the Personnel and
Compensation Committee, and the Public Affairs Committee of the Board are also
available by further clicking on "Board of Directors" and then "Charters." These
materials are also available by writing to Citigroup Inc., Corporate Governance,
425 Park Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10043.
Stockholder
Information
Citigroup
common stock is listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "C" and on the Tokyo
Stock Exchange and the Mexico Stock Exchange. Citigroup preferred stock Series
F, T and AA are also listed on the
NYSE.
Because Citigroup's common stock is listed on the NYSE, the Chief
Executive Officer is required to make an annual certification to the NYSE
stating that he was not aware of any violation by Citigroup of the corporate
governance listing standards of the NYSE. The annual certification to that
effect was made to the NYSE on May 20,
2009.
As of January 31, 2010, Citigroup had approximately 192,630 common
stockholders of record. This figure does not represent the actual number of
beneficial owners of common stock because shares are frequently held in "street
name" by securities dealers and others for the benefit of individual owners who
may vote the shares.
Stockholder address changes and inquiries regarding stock transfers, dividend replacement, 1099-DIV reporting, and lost securities for common and preferred stocks should be directed to:
Computershare Providence, RI 02940-3078 Telephone No. 781 575 4555 Toll-free No. 888 250 3985 Facsimile No. 201 324 3284 E-mail address: [email protected] Web address: www.computershare.com/investor |
Holders of Golden State Bancorp, Associates First Capital Corporation, Citicorp or Salomon Inc. common stock, Citigroup Inc. Preferred Stock Series J, K, Q, S, T or U, or Salomon Inc. Preferred Stock Series D or E should arrange to exchange their certificates by contacting:
Computershare P.O. Box 43078 Providence, RI 02940-3078 Telephone No. 781 575 4555 Toll-free No. 888 250 3985 Facsimile No. 201 324 3284 E-mail address: [email protected] Web address: www.computershare.com/investor |
Citi Document Services
540 Crosspoint Parkway
Getzville, NY 14068
270
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or
15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, on the 26th day of February, 2010.
Citigroup
Inc.
(Registrant)
/s/John C. Gerspach
John C. Gerspach
Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 26th day of February, 2010.
Citigroup's Principal Executive Officer and a Director:
/s/Vikram S. Pandit
Vikram S. Pandit
Citigroup's Principal Financial Officer:
/s/John C.
Gerspach
John C. Gerspach
Citigroup's Principal Accounting Officer:
/s/Jeffrey R.
Walsh
Jeffrey R. Walsh
The Directors of Citigroup listed below have signed this report. The Directors' signature pages are included in Exhibit 99.03 to Citigroup's 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
C. Michael Armstrong | Michael E. O'Neill |
Alain J.P. Belda | Richard D. Parsons |
Timothy C. Collins | Lawrence R. Ricciardi |
John M. Deutch | Judith Rodin |
Jerry A. Grundhofer | Robert L. Ryan |
Robert L. Joss, Ph.D. | Anthony M. Santomero |
Andrew N. Liveris | Diana L. Taylor |
Anne Mulcahy | William S. Thompson, Jr. |
271
CITIGROUP BOARD OF DIRECTORS
C. Michael
Armstrong
Alain J.P.
Belda Alcoa Inc.
Timothy C.
Collins
John M.
Deutch
Jerry A.
Grundhofer | Robert L. Joss,
Ph.D.
Andrew N.
Liveris
Anne Mulcahy
Michael E.
O'Neill
| Vikram
Pandit
Richard D.
Parsons
Lawrence R.
Ricciardi Jones Day; and Lazard Ltd
Judith Rodin
| Robert L.
Ryan
Anthony M.
Santomero
Diana L.
Taylor
William S. Thompson,
Jr.
|
272
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | ||
Number | Description of Exhibit | |
2.01 | Share Purchase Agreement, dated July 11, 2008, by and between Citigroup Global Markets Finance Corporation & Co. Beschrankt Haftende KG, CM Akquisitions GmbH, and Banque Federative du Credit Mutuel S.A., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.01 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Citigroup Inc. (the "Company") for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2008 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's September 30, 2008 10-Q"). | |
2.02 | Amended and Restated Joint Venture Contribution and Formation Agreement, dated May 29, 2009, by and among the Company, Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Holdings LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 3, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
2.03 | Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 1, 2009, by and among Nikko Citi Holdings Inc., Nikko Cordial Securities Inc., Nikko Citi Business Services Inc., Nikko Citigroup Limited, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.02 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
3.01 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's September 30, 2009 10-Q"). | |
3.02 | By-Laws of the Company, as amended, effective December 15, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 16, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.01 | Warrant, dated October 28, 2008, issued by the Company to the United States Department of the Treasury (the "UST"), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 30, 2008 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.02 | Warrant, dated December 31, 2008, issued by the Company to the UST, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 31, 2008 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.03 | Warrant, dated January 15, 2009, issued by the Company to the UST, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 16, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.04 | Tax Benefits Preservation Plan, dated June 9, 2009, between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.05 | Capital Securities Guarantee Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2009, between the Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Guarantee Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.03 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 30, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
4.06 | Purchase Contract Agreement, dated December 22, 2009, among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon, as purchase contract agent, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 24, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.01.1 * | Supplemental ERISA Compensation Plan of Citibank, N.A. and Affiliates, as amended and restated (the "Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan"), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.(G) to Citicorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 (File No. 1-5378). |
10.01.2* | Amendment to the Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan (the "1999 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan"), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 1999 10-K"). | |
10.01.3* | Amendment to the 1999 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan (the "2005 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan"), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 2005 10-K"). | |
10.01.4*+ | Amendment to the 2005 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan, as amended January 1, 2009 (the "2009 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan"). | |
10.01.5*+ | Nonqualified Plan Amendment to the 2009 Amended Citibank Supplemental ERISA Plan, adopted November 19, 2009. | |
10.02* | Citigroup Inc. Amended and Restated Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors (as of September 21, 2004), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2005 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.03.1* | Form of Citigroup Inc. Non-Employee Director Equity Award Agreement (pursuant to the Amended and Restated Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 14, 2005 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.03.2* | Form of Citigroup Inc. Non-Employee Director Equity Award Agreement (effective November 1, 2006), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2006 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's September 30, 2006 10-Q"). | |
10.04.1* | Travelers Group Capital Accumulation Plan (as amended through July 23, 1997), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 1997 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.04.2* | Amendment to the Travelers Group Capital Accumulation Plan (as amended through July 23, 1997), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08.2 to the Company's 1999 10-K. | |
10.04.3* | Amendment to the Travelers Group Capital Accumulation Plan (as amended through July 23, 1997), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 2008 10-K"). | |
10.05* | The Travelers Corporation Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan (as amended November 7, 1986), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Travelers Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1986 (File No. 1-5799). | |
10.06.1 | Citigroup Employee Incentive Plan, amended and restated as of April 17, 2001, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 2002 10-K"). | |
10.06.2 | Amendment to the Citigroup Employee Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08.2 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.07 | Citigroup 2000 Stock Purchase Plan (effective May 1, 2000), amended and restated as of February 28, 2003, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's 2002 10-K. |
10.08.1* | Citicorp 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Citicorp's 1997 Proxy Statement filed February 26, 1997 (File No. 1-5378). | |
10.08.2* | Amendment to the Citicorp 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19.2 to the Company's 1999 10-K. | |
10.08.3* | Amendment to the Citicorp 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11.3 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.09* | Citigroup Deferred Cash Award Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 21, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.10.1* | Citicorp Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan, Restated May 1, 1988, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.10.2* | Amendment to the Citicorp Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan (effective as of December 31, 2001), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 2001 10-K"). | |
10.11* | Citigroup 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.12* | Form of Citigroup Directors' Stock Option Grant Notification, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.13 | Lease, dated as of September 25, 2002, between BP 399 Park Avenue LLC (as Landlord) and Citigroup Inc. (as Tenant), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.14.1* | Form of Citigroup Equity Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2004 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's September 30, 2004 10-Q"). | |
10.14.2* | Form of Citigroup Equity Award Agreement (revised), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28.1 to the Company's 2005 10-K. | |
10.14.3* | Form of Citigroup Equity Award Agreement (effective November 1, 2006), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 to the Company's September 30, 2006 10-Q. | |
10.14.4* | Form of Citigroup Equity Award Agreement (effective November 1, 2007), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's September 30, 2007 10-Q"). | |
10.14.5* | Form of Citigroup Equity or Deferred Cash Award Agreement (effective January 1, 2009), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's September 30, 2008 10-Q. | |
10.14.6* | Form of Citigroup Equity or Deferred Cash Award Agreement (effective November 1, 2009), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's September 30, 2009 10-Q. | |
10.15.1* | Form of Reload Option Grant Notification, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to the Company's September 30, 2004 10-Q. | |
10.15.2* | Form of Citigroup Reload Stock Option Grant Notification (effective November 1, 2006), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to the Company's September 30, 2006 10-Q. | |
10.15.3* | Form of Citigroup Reload Stock Option Grant Notification (effective November 1, 2007), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to the Company's September 30, 2007 10-Q. |
10.16 | Citigroup Management Committee Termination Notice and Non-Solicitation Policy,effective October 2, 2006, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 6, 2006 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.17.1* | Letter Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2007, between the Company and Gary Crittenden, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2007 (File No. 1-9924) (the "2007 Letter Agreement"). | |
10.17.2* | Amendment to the 2007 Letter Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2008, between the Company and Gary Crittenden, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26.2 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.18.1* | Form of Citigroup Inc. Management Committee Long-Term Incentive Program Award Agreement (effective July 17, 2007), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2007 (File No. 1-9924) (the "2007 LTIP Award Agreement"). | |
10.18.2* | Amendment to the 2007 LTIP Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27.2 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.19* | Citigroup Inc. Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan (effective as of January 1, 2008), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Company's September 30, 2007 10-Q. | |
10.20* | 2009 Deferred Cash Executive Retention Award Plan (amended and restated as of January 1, 2009), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.21.1 | Lease, dated as of May 12, 2005, between Reckson Court Square, LLC (Landlord) and Citibank, N.A. (Tenant); Premises: One Court Square, 25-01 Jackson Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11120, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 1-9924) (the "Company's 2007 10-K"). | |
10.21.2 | First Amendment to Lease, dated as of August 3, 2005, between Reckson Court Square, LLC (Landlord) and Citibank, N.A. (Tenant); Premises: One Court Square, Long Island City, Queens County, New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40.2 to the Company's 2007 10-K. | |
10.22 | Lease, dated as of December 18, 2007, between 388 Realty Owner LLC (Landlord) and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (Tenant); Premises: 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company's 2007 10-K. | |
10.23 | Lease, dated as of December 18, 2007, between 388 Realty Owner LLC (Landlord) and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (Tenant); Premises: 390 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company's 2007 10-K. | |
10.24* | Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement, dated December 12, 2007, between Citiflight, Inc. and Vikram Pandit, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Company's 2007 10-K. | |
10.25 | Joint Venture Contribution and Formation Agreement, dated as of January 13, 2009, by and between the Company and Morgan Stanley, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 16, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.26 | Form of Addendum to Indemnification Agreement dated December 16, 2008 between the Company and each member of its Board of Directors, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company's 2008 10-K. | |
10.27* | Form of Citigroup Performance Stock Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 21, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). |
10.28* | Form of Citigroup Executive Premium Price Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 21, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.29* | Citigroup 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 22, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.30.1* | Citicorp Deferred Compensation Plan, effective October 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to Citicorp's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 15, 1996 (No. 333-0983). | |
10.30.2* | Amendment to the Citicorp Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18.2 to the Company's 1999 10-K. | |
10.30.3* | Amendment to the Citicorp Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of September 28, 2001, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17.3 to the Company's 2001 10-K. | |
10.30.4*+ | Nonqualified Plan Amendment to the Citicorp Deferred Compensation Plan, adopted November 19, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01.5 to this 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K. | |
10.31*+ | Form of 2009 Citi Stock Payment Program Notification for awards granted on November 30, 2009. | |
10.32*+ | Form of 2009 Citi Stock Payment Program Notification for awards granted on December 30, 2009. | |
10.33*+ | Form of Citi Long-Term Restricted Stock Award Agreement for awards granted on December 30, 2009. | |
10.34*+ | Form of 2009 Citi Stock Incentive Program Notification for awards granted on December 30, 2009. | |
10.35*+ | Letter Agreement, dated June 9, 2008, between the Company and Alberto Verme. | |
10.36*+ | Letter Agreement, dated February 4, 2008, as amended December 29, 2008, between the Company and Edward J. Kelly. | |
10.37 | Letter Agreement, dated October 26, 2008, between the Company and the UST (the "October 26, 2008 Letter Agreement"), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on From 8-K filed October 30, 2008 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.38 | Securities Purchase Agreement Standard Terms to the October 26, 2008 Letter Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 30, 2008 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.39 | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 31, 2008, between the Company and the UST, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 31, 2008 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.40* | Master Agreement, dated as of January 15, 2009, among the Company, certain affiliates of the Company named therein, the UST, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 16, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.41 | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 15, 2009, among the Company, the UST and the FDIC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 16, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
10.42 | Exchange Agreement dated March 18, 2009 between the Company and Government of Singapore Investment Corporation Pte. Ltd., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed May 13, 2009 (333-158100). |
10.43 | Exchange Agreement dated March 18, 2009 between the Company and Capital Research Global Investors and schedule of substantially identical exchange agreements, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed May 13, 2009 (333-158100). | |
10.44* | Exchange Agreement dated June 9, 2009 between the Company and the United States Department of Treasury, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed June 10, 2009 (333-158100). | |
10.45* | Exchange Agreement dated June 9, 2009 between the Company and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed June 10, 2009 (333-158100). | |
10.46 | Termination Agreement, dated December 23, 2009, among the Company, certain affiliates of the Company, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 24, 2009 (File No. 1-9924). | |
12.01+ | Calculation of Ratio of Income to Fixed Charges. | |
12.02+ | Calculation of Ratio of Income to Fixed Charges Including Preferred Stock Dividends. | |
21.01+ | Subsidiaries of the Company. | |
23.01+ | Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
31.01+ | Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.02+ | Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.01+ | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
99.01+ | Residual Value Obligation Certificate. | |
99.02+ | List of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
99.03+ | Signatures of the Company's Board of Directors. | |
99.04+ | Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. | |
99.05+ | Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. | |
101.01+ | Financial statements from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Citigroup Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, filed on February 26, 2010, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statement of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheet, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements tagged as blocks of text. |
The total amount of securities authorized pursuant to any instrument defining rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company will furnish copies of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.
Copies of any of the exhibits referred to above will be furnished at a cost of $0.25 per page (although no charge will be made for the 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K) to security holders who make written request therefor to Citigroup Inc., Corporate Governance, 425 Park Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10043.
* Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(a) of Form 10-K.
+ Filed herewith. |