For the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2017

Commission file number: 000-51201

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (858) 350-6200

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     x   Yes     ¨   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     x   Yes     ¨   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).     ¨   Yes     x   No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock on the last practicable date: 63,656,172 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of October 19, 2017 .

BOFI HOLDING, INC.

INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

BOFI HOLDING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE THREE MONTH PERIODS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BofI Holding, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, BofI Federal Bank (the "Bank" and collectively with BofI Holding, Inc., the "Company"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications were made to previously reported amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto to make them consistent with the current period presentation.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements, presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), are unaudited and reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods. All adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Results for the three months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the audited annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") with respect to interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended June 30, 2017 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Securities . Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has both the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale when they might be sold before maturity. Trading securities refer to certain types of assets that banks hold for resale at a profit or when the Company elects to account for certain securities at fair value. Increases or decreases in the fair value of trading securities are recognized in earnings as they occur. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

Gains and losses on securities sales are based on a comparison of sales proceeds and the amortized cost of the security sold using the specific identification method. Purchases and sales are recognized on the trade date. Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. The Company's portfolios of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities are reviewed quarterly for other-than-temporary impairment. In performing this review, management considers (1) the length of time and extent that fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of changes in market interest rates on the market value of the security and (4) how to record an impairment by assessing whether the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security in an unrealized loss position before the Company recovers the security's amortized cost. If either of these criteria for (4) is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized in earnings. Alternatively, if the criteria for (4) is not met, the amount of impairment recognized in earnings is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

Loans and Leases . Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned interest, deferred purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan origination fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Premiums and discounts on loans purchased as well as loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method.

The Company provides equipment financing to its customers through a variety of lease arrangements. The most common arrangement is a direct financing (capital) lease. For direct financing leases, lease receivables are recorded on the balance sheet but the leased property is not, although the Company generally retains legal title to the leased property until the end of each lease. Direct financing leases are stated at the net amount of minimum lease payments receivable, plus any unguaranteed residual value, less the amount of unearned income and net acquisition discount at the reporting date. Direct lease origination costs are amortized over the weighted average life of the lease portfolio. Leases acquired in an acquisition are initially measured and recorded at their

fair value on the acquisition date. Purchase discounts or premiums on acquired leases are recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the leases using the effective interest method or taken into income when the related leases are paid off. Direct financing leases are subject to our allowance for loans and leases.

Recognition of interest income on all portfolio segments is generally discontinued at the time the loan or lease is 90 days delinquent unless the loan or lease is well secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan or lease. In all cases, loans or leases are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not received for loans or leases placed on nonaccrual, is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans or leases is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans and leases are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loans Held for Sale. U.S government agency ("agency") loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses are recognized through the income statement. The Bank sells its mortgage loans with either servicing released or servicing retained depending upon market pricing. Gains and losses on loan sales are recorded as mortgage banking income, based on the difference between sales proceeds and carrying value. Non-agency loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Loans that were originated with the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future (loans held in portfolio) but which have been subsequently designated as being held for sale for risk management or liquidity needs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value calculated on an individual loan by loan basis.

There may be times when loans have been classified as held for sale and for some reason cannot be sold. Loans transferred to a long-term-investment classification from held-for-sale are transferred at the lower of cost or market value on the transfer date. Any difference between the carrying amount of the loan and its outstanding principal balance is recognized as an adjustment to yield by the interest method. A loan cannot be classified as a long-term investment unless the Bank has both the ability and the intent to hold the loan for the foreseeable future or until maturity.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. The allowance for loan and lease losses is maintained at a level estimated to provide for probable incurred losses in the loan and lease portfolio. Management determines the adequacy of the allowance based on reviews of individual loans and leases and pools of loans, recent loss experience, current economic conditions, the risk characteristics of the various categories of loans and other pertinent factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective and requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance is increased by the provision for loan and lease losses, which is charged against current period operating results and recoveries of loans previously charged-off. The allowance is decreased by the amount of charge-offs of loans deemed uncollectible. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management's judgment, should be charged off. See Note 5 of these financial statement footnotes and the financial statement footnotes for the year ended June 30, 2017 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Brand Partnership Products. The Bank has agreements with H&R Block, Inc. ("H&R Block") and its wholly-owned subsidiaries that allow the Bank to provide H&R Block-branded financial products and services. The products and services that represent the primary focus and the majority of transactional volume that the Bank processes are described in detail below.

The first product is Emerald Prepaid Mastercard® services ("EPC"). The Bank entered into agreements to offer this product in August 2015. Under the agreements, the Bank is responsible for the primary oversight and control of the prepaid card programs of a wholly-owned subsidiary of H&R Block. The Bank holds the prepaid card customer deposits for those cards issued under the prepaid programs in non-interest bearing accounts and earns a fixed fee paid by H&R Block's subsidiary for each automated clearing house ("ACH") transaction processed through the prepaid card customer accounts. A portion of H&R Block's customers use the Emerald Card as an option to receive federal and state income tax refunds. The prepaid customer deposits are included in non-interest bearing deposit liabilities on the balance sheet of the Company and the ACH fee income is included in the income statement under the line banking service fees and other income.

The second product is Refund Transfer ("RT"). The Bank entered into agreements to offer this product in August 2015. The Bank is responsible for the primary oversight and control of the refund transfer program of a wholly-owned subsidiary of H&R Block. The Bank opens a temporary bank account for each H&R Block customer who is receiving an income tax refund and elects to defer payment of his or her tax preparation fees. After the Internal Revenue Service and any state income tax authorities transfer the refund into the customer's account, the net funds are transferred to the customer and the temporary deposit account is closed. The Bank earns a fixed fee paid by H&R Block for each of the H&R Block customers electing a Refund Transfer. The fees are

earned primarily in the quarters ending March 31st and are included in the income statement under the line banking service fees and other income.

The third product is Emerald Advance. The Bank entered into agreements to offer this product in August 2015. Under the agreements the Bank is responsible for the underwriting guidelines and credit policies for unsecured consumer lines of credit offered to H&R Block customers. The Bank offers and funds unsecured lines of credit to consumers primarily through the H&R Block tax preparation offices and earns interest income and fee income. The Bank retains 10% of the Emerald Advance and sells the remainder to H&R Block. The lines of credit are included in loans and leases on the balance sheet of the Company and the interest income and fee income are included in the income statement under the line loans and leases interest and dividend income.

The fourth product is an interest-free Refund Advance loan. The Bank will exclusively originate and fund all of H&R Block's interest-free Refund Advance loans to tax preparation clients for the 2018 tax season. The Bank will perform the credit underwriting, loan origination, funding, and loan servicing associated with the interest-free Refund Advance loan in the upcoming tax season and receive fees from H&R Block for providing those services. This agreement is an expansion of the services BofI provided to H&R Block in the 2017 tax season when the Bank participated through purchases of the loans with other providers in the Refund Advance loan program. The Bank will be originating these interest-free loans to customers and the income generated from H&R Block will show on the income statement through the banking and service fees category of non-interest income.

The H&R Block-branded financial services products introduce seasonality into the unaudited condensed consolidated income statements through the banking and service fees category of non-interest income and the other general and administrative category of non-interest expense, with the peak income and expense in these categories typically occurring during our third fiscal quarter ending March 31.

New Accounting Pronouncements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"), which simplifies several areas of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including tax provision, classification in the cash-flow statement, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements. Under ASU 2016-09, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based payment awards should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement during the period in which they occur. Previously, such amounts were recorded in the pool of excess tax benefits included in additional paid-in capital, if such pool was available. Because excess tax benefits are no longer recognized in additional paid-in capital, the assumed proceeds from applying the treasury stock method when computing earnings per share should exclude the amount of excess tax benefits that would have previously been recognized in additional paid-in capital. Additionally, excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity rather than a financing activity, as was previously the case. ASU 2016-09 also provides that an entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. ASU 2016-09 changes the threshold to qualify for equity classification (rather than as a liability) to permit withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdictions. The adoption at July 1, 2017 of ASU 2016-09 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement , also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

using pricing models such as discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

When available, the Company generally uses quoted market prices to determine fair value, in which case the items are classified in Level 1. In some cases where a market price is available, the Company will make use of acceptable practical expedients (such as matrix pricing) to calculate fair value, in which case the items are classified in Level 2.

The Company considers relevant and observable market prices in its valuations where possible. The frequency of transactions, the size of the bid-ask spread and the nature of the participants are some of the factors the Company uses to help determine whether a market is active and orderly or inactive and not orderly. Price quotes based upon transactions that are not orderly are not considered to be determinative of fair value and should be given little, if any, weight in measuring fair value.

If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, credit spreads, housing value forecasts, etc. Items valued using such internally generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified in Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure various financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified:

Securities-trading, available-for-sale, and held-to-maturity . Trading securities are recorded at fair value. Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities are recorded at fair value and consist of residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") issued by U.S. agencies, non-agencies, collateralized loan obligations, and municipals. Held-to-maturity ("HTM") securities are recorded at amortized cost. Fair value for U.S. agency securities is generally based on quoted market prices of similar securities used to form a dealer quote or a pricing matrix. There continues to be significant illiquidity in the market for RMBS issued by non-agencies, impacting the availability and reliability of transparent pricing. As orderly quoted market prices are not available, the Level 3 fair values for these securities are determined by the Company utilizing industry-standard tools to calculate the net present value of the expected cash flows available to the securities from the underlying mortgage assets. The Company computes Level 3 fair values for each non-agency RMBS in the same manner (as described below) whether available-for-sale or held-to-maturity.

To determine the performance of the underlying mortgage loan pools, the Company estimates prepayments, defaults, and loss severities based on a number of macroeconomic factors, including housing price changes, unemployment rates, interest rates and borrower attributes such as credit score and loan documentation at the time of origination. For each security, the Company inputs a projection of monthly default rates, loss severity rates and voluntary prepayment rates for the underlying mortgages for the remaining life of each security to determine the expected cash flows. The projections of default rates are derived by the Company from the historic default rate observed in the pool of loans collateralizing the security, increased by and decreased by the forecasted increase or decrease in the national unemployment rate. The projections of loss severity rates are derived by the Company from the historic loss severity rate observed in the pool of loans, increased by (and decreased by) the forecasted decrease or increase in the national home price appreciation ("HPA") index. The largest factors influencing the Company's modeling of the monthly default rate are unemployment and HPA, as a strong correlation exists. The national unemployment rate announced prior to the end of the period covered by this report (reported for August 2017) was 4.4% , down from the high of 10.0% in October 2009. Going forward, the Company is projecting lower monthly default rates. The range of loss severity rates applied to each default used in the Company's projections at September 30, 2017 are from 40.0% up to 68.5% based upon individual bond historical performance. The default rates and the severities are projected for every non-agency RMBS security held by the Company and will vary monthly based upon the actual performance of the security and the macroeconomic factors discussed above.

To determine the discount rates used to compute the present value of the expected cash flows for these non-agency RMBS securities, the Company separates the securities by the borrower characteristics in the underlying pool. Specifically, "prime" securities generally have borrowers with higher FICO scores and better documentation of income. "Alt-A" securities generally have borrowers with a lower FICO and less documentation of income. "Pay-option ARMs" are Alt-A securities with borrowers that tend to pay the least amount of principal (or increase their loan balance through negative amortization). The Company calculates separate discount rates for prime, Alt-A and Pay-option ARM non-agency RMBS securities using market-participant assumptions for risk, capital and return on equity. The range of annual default rates used in the Company's projections at September 30, 2017 are from 1.5% up to 14.1% with prime securities tending toward the lower end of the range and Alt-A and Pay-option ARMs tending toward the higher end of the range. The Company applies its discount rates to the projected monthly cash flows which already reflect the full impact of all forecasted losses using the assumptions described above. When calculating present value of the expected cash flows at September 30, 2017 , the Company computed its discount rates as a spread between 260 and 633 basis points over the interpolated swap curve with prime securities tending toward the lower end of the range and Alt-A and Pay-option ARMs tending toward the higher end of the range.

The Bank's estimate of fair value for non-agency securities using Level 3 pricing is highly subjective and is based on the Bank's estimate of voluntary prepayments, default rates, severities and discount margins, which are forecasted monthly over the remaining life of the security. Changes in one or more of these assumptions can cause a significant change in the estimated fair value. For further details see the table later in this note that summarizes quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements.

Loans Held for Sale. Loans held for sale at fair value are primarily single-family and multifamily residential loans. The fair value of residential loans held for sale is determined by pricing for comparable assets or by existing forward sales commitment prices with investors.

Impaired Loans. Impaired loans are loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrowers or the collateral pledged. The accrual of interest income has been discontinued for impaired loans. The impaired loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The Company assesses loans individually and identifies impairment when the loan is classified as impaired, has been restructured, or management has serious doubts about the future collectibility of principal and interest, even though the loans may currently be performing. The fair value of an impaired loan is determined based on an observable market price or current appraised value of the underlying collateral. The fair value of impaired loans with specific write-offs or allocations of the allowance for loan losses are generally based on recent real estate appraisals or internal valuation analyses consistent with the methodology used in real estate appraisals and include other third-party valuations and analysis of cash flows. These appraisals and analyses are updated at least on an annual basis. The Company primarily obtains real estate appraisals and in the rare cases where an appraisal cannot be obtained, the Company performs an internal valuation analysis. These appraisals and analyses may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and income approaches. The sales comparison approach uses at least three recent similar property sales to help determine the fair value of the property being appraised. The income approach is calculated by taking the net operating income generated by the collateral property of the rent collected and dividing it by an assumed capitalization rate. Adjustments are routinely made in the process by the appraisers to account for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. When measuring the fair value of the impaired loan based upon the projected sale of the underlying collateral, the Company subtracts the costs expected to be incurred for the transfer of the underlying collateral, which includes items such as sales commissions, delinquent taxes and insurance premiums. These adjustments to the estimated fair value of non-performing loans may result in increases or decreases to the provision for loan losses recorded in current earnings. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification for the inputs for determining fair value.

Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Vehicles . Non-recurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned ("OREO") are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third-party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.

Mortgage Servicing Rights. The Company initially records all mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") at fair value and accounts for MSRs at fair value during the life of the MSR, with changes in fair value recorded through current period earnings. Fair value adjustments encompass market-driven valuation changes as well as modeled amortization involving the run-off of value that occurs due to the passage of time as individual loans are paid by borrowers. Market expectations about loan duration, and correspondingly the expected term of future servicing cash flows, may vary from time to time due to changes in expected prepayment activity, especially when interest rates rise or fall. Market expectations of increased loan prepayment speeds may negatively impact the fair value of the single family MSRs. Fair value is also dependent on the discount rate used in calculating present value, which is imputed from observable market activity and market participants and results in Level 3 classification. Management reviews and adjusts the discount rate on an ongoing basis. An increase in the discount rate would reduce the estimated fair value of the MSRs asset.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives. Fair value for mortgage banking derivatives are either based upon prices in active secondary markets for identical securities or based on quoted market prices of similar assets used to form a dealer quote or a pricing matrix. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a commitment is determined by quoted prices for a similar commitment or commitments, adjusted for the specific attributes of each commitment. These fair values are then adjusted for items such as fallout and estimated costs to originate the loan.

The Company's valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values.  While management believes the Company's valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with or, in some cases, more conservative than other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the relevant reporting date.

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 . Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:

The following tables present additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

The table below summarizes the quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements at the periods indicated:

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's residential mortgage-backed securities are prepayment rates, probability of default, and loss severity in the event of default. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the probability of default is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for prepayment rates.

The table below summarizes changes in unrealized gains and losses and interest income recorded in earnings for level 3 trading assets and liabilities that are still held at the periods indicated:

The table below summarizes assets measured for impairment on a non-recurring basis:

Impaired loans measured for impairment on a non-recurring basis using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans have a carrying amount of $32,101 , after charge-offs of $13 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 , life to date charge-offs of $2,428 , life to date interest payments applied to principal of $1,291 for total life to date principal balance adjustments of $3,719 . Impaired loans had a related allowance of $904 at September 30, 2017 .

Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, which are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell, had a net carrying amount of $1,389 after charge-offs of $45 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 .

There were no held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 .

The Company has elected the fair value option for Agency loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan. None of these loans are 90 days or more past due nor on nonaccrual as of September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 .

As of September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 , the aggregate fair value, contractual balance (including accrued interest), and unrealized gain was as follows:

The total amount of unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value included in earnings for the period indicated below for loans held for sale were:

The following table presents quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the periods indicated:

1 For impaired loans, other real estate owned and foreclosed assets the ranges shown may vary positively or negatively based on the comparable sales reported in the current appraisal. In certain instances, the range can be significant due to small sample sizes and in some cases the property being valued having limited comparable sales with similar characteristics at the time the current appraisal is conducted.

1 For impaired loans, other real estate owned and foreclosed assets the ranges shown may vary positively or negatively based on the comparable sales reported in the current appraisal. In certain instances, the range can be significant due to small sample sizes and in some cases the property being valued having limited comparable sales with similar characteristics at the time the current appraisal is conducted.

Fair value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 were as follows: