Alarm.com Holdings (ALRM) SEC Quarterly Report (10-Q) for Q2 2017

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-37461

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Tel: (877) 389-4033

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☑ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☑ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨ Yes ☑  No  

As of August 1, 2017 , there were 46,708,166 outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

_______________

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

ALARM.COM HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2017 and 2016

(unaudited)

Note 1. Organization

Organization

Alarm.com Holdings, Inc. (referred to herein as Alarm.com, the Company, or we) is the leading platform for the intelligently connected property. We offer a comprehensive suite of cloud-based solutions for the smart home and business, including interactive security, video monitoring, intelligent automation and energy management. Millions of property owners rely on our technology to intelligently secure, monitor and manage their homes and businesses. Our solutions are delivered through an established network of over 6,000 trusted service provider partners, who are experts at selling, installing and supporting our solutions. We derive revenue from the sale of our cloud-based Software-as-a-Service, or SaaS, services, license fees, software, hardware, activation fees and other revenue. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 st .

Note 2 . Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. They should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016 appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2017 , or the 2016 Annual Report. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from our audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for our entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2017 .

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experience. Because the use of estimates is inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, allowance for hardware returns, estimates of obsolete inventory, long-term incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, income taxes, legal reserves, contingent consideration and goodwill and intangible assets.

Significant Accounting Policies

We updated the following significant accounting policies as a result of acquiring the Connect line of business from Icontrol Networks, Inc., or Icontrol, during the first quarter of 2017: (i) internal-use software, (ii) external software, (iii) revenue recognition and deferred revenue and (iv) cost of revenue. We generate SaaS and license revenue from monthly fees charged to service providers on a per subscriber basis for access to our newly-acquired Connect software platform. The Connect software for interactive security, automation and related solutions is typically deployed and operated by the service provider in its own network operations center. Except for as disclosed herein, there have been no other material changes to our significant accounting policies during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2017 with the SEC.

Internal-Use Software

We capitalize the costs directly related to the design of internal-use software for development of our Alarm.com and other SaaS platforms during the application development stage of the projects. The costs are primarily comprised of salaries, benefits

and stock-based compensation expense of the project engineers and product development teams. Our internally developed software is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation begins once the project is ready for its intended use, which is usually when the code goes into production in weekly software builds on our platform. We depreciate the asset on a straight-line basis over a period of three years, which is the estimated useful life. We utilize continuous agile development methods to update our software for our SaaS multi-tenant platform on a weekly basis, which primarily consists of bug-fixes and user interface changes. We evaluate whether a project should be capitalized and do so if it adds significant functionality to our platform. Maintenance activities or minor upgrades are expensed in the period performed.

External Software

Costs incurred in researching and developing a computer software product that will be marketed and sold are charged to expense when incurred until technological feasibility is established. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design or, in its absence, completion of a working model (a beta version). After technological feasibility is established, the salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense of the project engineers and product development teams performing coding and testing are capitalized. Cost capitalization ceases when the product is available for general release. The Connect software is typically developed in an agile environment with frequent revisions to product release features and functions. Agile development results in a short duration between completion of the detailed program design and beta release. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2017 , we do not have any capitalized external software due to the shorter development cycle associated with agile development.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

We derive our revenue from three primary sources: the sale of cloud-based SaaS services on our integrated Alarm.com platform, the sale of licenses and services on the newly-acquired Connect software platform and the sale of hardware products. We sell our platform and hardware solutions to service provider partners that resell our solutions and hardware to home and business owners, who are the service provider partners' customers, and whom we refer to as our subscribers. We also sell our hardware to distributors who resell the hardware to service provider partners. We enter into contracts with our service provider partners that establish pricing for access to our platform solutions and for the sale of hardware. These contracts typically have an initial term of one year, with subsequent renewal terms of one year. Our service provider partners typically enter into contracts with our subscribers, which our service provider partners have indicated range from three to five years in length.

Our hardware includes cellular radio modules that enable access to our cloud-based platform, as well as video cameras, image sensors and other peripherals. Our service provider partners may purchase our hardware in anticipation of installing the hardware in a home or business when they create a new subscriber account, or for use in an existing subscriber's property. The purchase of hardware occurs in a transaction that is separate and typically in advance of the purchase of our platform services. Service provider partners transact with us to purchase our platform solutions and resell our solutions to a new subscriber, or to upgrade or downgrade the solutions of an existing subscriber, at which time the subscriber's access to our platform solutions is enabled and the delivery of the services commences. The purchase of platform solutions and the purchase of hardware are separate transactions because at the time of sale of the hardware, the service provider partner is not obligated to and may not purchase a platform solution for the hardware sold, and the level and duration of platform solutions, if any, to be provided through the hardware sold cannot be determined.

We recognize revenue with respect to our solutions when all of the following conditions are met:

We consider a signed contract with a service provider partner to be persuasive evidence that an agreement exists, and the fees to be fixed or determinable if the fees are contractually agreed to with our service provider partners. Collectibility is evaluated based on a number of factors, including a credit review of new service provider partners, and the payment history of existing service provider partners. If collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon the receipt of payment.

SaaS and License Revenue

We generate the majority of our SaaS and license revenue primarily from monthly fees charged to our service provider partners sold on a per subscriber basis for access to our cloud-based intelligently connected property platform and related solutions. Our fees per subscriber vary based upon the service plan and features utilized.

Under terms in our contractual arrangements with our service provider partners, we are entitled to payment and recognize revenue based on a monthly fee that is billed in advance of the month of service. We have demonstrated that we can sell our SaaS offering on a stand-alone basis, as it can be sold separately from hardware and activation services. As there is neither a minimum required initial service term nor a stated renewal term in our contractual arrangements, we recognize revenue over the period of service, which is monthly. Our service provider partners typically incur and pay the same monthly fee per subscriber account for the entire period a subscriber account is active.

We also generate SaaS and license revenue from monthly fees charged to service providers sold on a per subscriber basis for access to our newly-acquired Connect software platform. The Connect software for interactive security, automation and related solutions is typically deployed and operated by the service provider in its own network operations center. Our agreements for the Connect platform solution typically include software and services, such as post-contract customer support, or PCS. Software sales that include multiple elements are typically allocated to the various elements based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, or VSOE. There have been no separate sales of PCS, as PCS is always bundled with the software license for the Connect platform solution. Therefore, the VSOE of fair value for PCS cannot be established. The entire Connect arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the period during which the services are expected to be performed or the PCS period, whichever is longer, once the software is delivered and services have commenced, if all the other basic revenue recognition criteria have been met. Under terms in our contractual arrangements with our service provider partners, we are entitled to payment of a monthly fee for Connect that is billed per subscriber for the month of service. We recognize revenue over the period of service, which is monthly. Our service provider partners typically incur and pay the same monthly fee per subscriber account for the entire period a subscriber account is active.

We offer multiple service level packages for our platform solutions including a range of solutions and a range of a la carte add-ons for additional features. The fee paid by our service provider partners each month for the delivery of our solutions is based on the combination of packages and add-ons enabled for each subscriber. We utilize tiered pricing plans where our service provider partners may receive prospective pricing discounts driven by volume.

We also generate SaaS and license revenue from the fees paid to us when we license our intellectual property to service provider partners on a per customer basis for use of our patents. In addition, in certain markets our EnergyHub subsidiary sells its demand response software with an annual service fee, with pricing based on the number of subscribers or amount of aggregate electricity demand made available for a utility's or market's control.

Hardware and Other Revenue

We generate hardware and other revenue from the sale of cellular radio modules that provide access to our cloud-based platform, from the sale of video cameras and from the sale of other devices, including image sensors and peripherals. We recognize hardware and other revenue when the hardware is received by our service provider partner or distributor, net of a reserve for estimated returns. Amounts due from the sale of hardware are payable in accordance with the terms of our agreements with our service provider partners or distributors, and are not contingent on resale to end-users, or to service provider partners in the case of sales of hardware to distributors. Our terms for hardware sales sold directly to either service provider partners or distributors typically allow for the return of hardware up to one year past the date of sale. Our distributors sell directly to our service provider partners under terms between the two parties. We record a reserve against revenue for hardware returns based on historical returns, which was between 2.0 % to 4.5% of hardware and other revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. We evaluate our hardware reserve on a quarterly basis or if there is an indication of significant changes in return experience. Historically, our returns of hardware have not significantly differed from our estimated reserve.

Hardware and other revenue also includes activation fees charged to service provider partners for activation of a new subscriber account on our platform, as well as fees paid by service provider partners for our marketing services. Our service provider partners use services on our platform, such as support tools and applications, to assist in the installation of our solutions in a subscriber's property. This installation marks the beginning of the service period on our platform and on occasion, we earn activation revenue for fees charged for this service. The activation fee is non-refundable, separately negotiated and specified in our contractual arrangements with our service provider partners and is charged to the service provider partner for each subscriber activated on our platform. Activation fees are not offered on a stand-alone basis separate from our SaaS offering and are billed and received at the beginning of the arrangement. We record activation fees initially as deferred revenue and we recognize these fees ratably over the expected term of the subscribers' account which we estimate is ten years based on our annual attrition rate. The portion of these activation fees included in current and long-term deferred revenue as of our balance sheet date represents the amounts that will be recognized ratably as revenue over the following twelve months, or longer as

appropriate, until the ten -year expected term is complete. The balance of deferred revenue for activation fees was $10.9 million and $11.2 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , which combines current and long-term balances.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of SaaS and license revenue primarily includes the amounts paid to wireless network providers and, to a lesser extent, the costs of running our network operation centers. We record the salaries and benefits of the department dedicated to providing service exclusively to a specific service provider for the Connect platform to cost of SaaS and license revenue.

Our cost of hardware and other revenue primarily includes cost of raw materials and amounts paid to our third-party manufacturer for production and fulfillment of our cellular radio modules and image sensors, and procurement costs for our video cameras, which we purchase from an original equipment manufacturer, and other devices. Our cost of revenue excludes amortization and depreciation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and we adopted ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017.

The adoption of this standard had the following impact on our financial statements:

On July 22, 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory," which requires entities to measure most inventory "at the lower of cost and net realizable value," thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market (market in this context is defined as one of three different measures). The guidance does not apply to inventories that are measured by using either the last-in, first-out method or the retail inventory method. Under current guidance, an entity subsequently measures inventory at the lower of cost or market, with market defined as replacement cost provided that it is not above the ceiling (net realizable value) or below the floor (net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin) which is unnecessarily complex. The amendment does not change other guidance on measuring inventory. The amendment is effective for annual periods, including periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. We adopted this pronouncement prospectively in the first quarter of 2017, and the adoption of this pronouncement did no t have a material effect on our financial statements.

On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which removes step two of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment amount will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The amendment is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We adopted this guidance prospectively in the first quarter of 2017. Our goodwill impairment test is performed annually as of October 1st, therefore the adoption had no impact to our financial statements.

Not Yet Adopted

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606):

We are required to adopt ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" and its updates and amendments in the first quarter of 2018. We have developed a project plan for adoption focused first on the largest volume of contracts, our standard service provider partner agreement, in an effort to determine the impact of adoption on our revenue recognition policies, processes and systems. During the second quarter of 2017, we continued our evaluation of this standard service provider partner agreement. In addition, we continue to evaluate the non-standard service provider partner agreements with our 15 largest revenue service provider partners, including distributors of our hardware and licensees of our intellectual property. These service provider partners accounted for over 61% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Based on the quantitative impact of adopting this standard, we will select either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective adoption method. During the second quarter of 2017, we began evaluating the impact of Topic 606 on our commission agreements. The next stages of our adoption plan will focus on assessing the impact of adopting this standard on our subsidiaries' service provider partner agreements. The new standard requires significantly more disclosures and we anticipate putting processes in place and designing internal controls over these processes to collect the data required for these additional disclosures. A summary of these standards and requirements are as follows:

On May 9, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and on April 14, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing". ASU 2016-12 and 2016-10 both amend the guidance in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," which is not yet effective. ASU 2016-12 clarifies guidance on assessing collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modification within Topic 606. ASU 2016-10 clarifies guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance. These updates are effective with the same transition requirements as ASU 2014-09, as amended.

On March 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net)" which amends the guidance in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," which is not yet effective. The update clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The update is effective with the same transition requirements as ASU 2014-09, as amended.

On August 12, 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which defers the effective date for all entities for one year of ASU 2014-09, " Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," issued on May 28, 2014. ASU 2014-09 affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The guidance supersedes the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition," and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The guidance also supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, " Revenue Recognition - Contract-Type and Production-Type Contracts." ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 31, 2017. An entity is required to apply the amendments using one of the following two methods: (1) retrospectively to each prior period presented with three possible expedients: (a) for completed contracts that begin and end in the same reporting period no restatement is required; (b) for completed contract with variable consideration an entity may use the transaction price at completion rather than restating estimated variable consideration amounts in comparable reporting periods; and (c) for comparable reporting periods before date of initial application reduced disclosure requirements related to transaction price; (2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendment recognized at the date of initial application with additional disclosures for the differences of the prior guidance to the reporting periods compared to the new guidance and an explanation of the reasons for significant changes.

Other accounting standards:

On May 10, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification Accounting," which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The update provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are required to adopt ASU 2017-09 no later than the first quarter of 2018 and we do not anticipate the adoption will have a material impact on our financial statements.

On January 5, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business," which provides guidance to assist entities in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. To be considered a business, an acquisition would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly

contribute to the ability to create outputs. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are required to adopt ASU 2017-01 no later than the first quarter of 2018.

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet. The update also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are required to adopt ASU 2016-02 no later than the first quarter of 2019, and we are currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement on our financial statements. We have begun to evaluate our existing leases which all have been classified as operating leases under Topic 840. We anticipate using some of the available practical expedients upon adoption. We have not yet determined the amount of operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets we will record on our balance sheet, however, we anticipate that our assets and liabilities will increase materially when our leases are recorded under the new standard.

Note 3. Accounts Receivable, Net

The components of accounts receivable, net are as follows (in thousands):

For the three months ended June 30, 2017 , we recorded a reduction to provision for doubtful accounts of $0.1 million . For the six months ended June 30, 2017 , we recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of less than $0.1 million . For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 , we recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $0.1 million and $0.3 million .

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , we recorded a $0.6 million and $1.1 million reserve for product returns in our hardware and other revenue, as compared to $0.5 million and $1.0 million for the same periods in the prior year. Historically, we have not experienced write-offs for uncollectible accounts or sales returns that have differed significantly from our estimates.

Note 4. Inventory

The components of inventory are as follows (in thousands):

Note 5 . Acquisitions

Connect and Piper Business Units from Icontrol Networks

On March 8, 2017 , in accordance with the asset purchase agreement we entered into with Icontrol Networks, Inc., or Icontrol, on June 23, 2016, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Connect line of business and all of the outstanding equity interests of the two subsidiaries through which Icontrol conducted its Piper line of business, or the Acquisition. Connect provides an interactive security and home automation platform for service providers. Piper, designs, produces and sells an all-in-one video and home automation hub. We expect the addition of new technology infrastructure, talent, key relationships and hardware devices to help accelerate our development of intelligent, data-driven smart home and business services.

The cash consideration was $148.5 million , after the estimated working capital adjustment, of which $14.5 million was deposited in escrow in accordance with the asset purchase agreement for indemnifications obligations of Icontrol stockholders and the final determination of closing working capital. We used $81.5 million of cash on hand and drew $67.0 million under our

senior line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank and a syndicate of lenders to fund the Acquisition.

The Acquisition also included non-cash consideration. In accordance with the terms of the asset purchase agreement, we were obligated to assume the Icontrol Networks, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and Icontrol Networks, Inc. 2003 Stock Plan, or collectively the Icontrol Plans, and converted the 2,001,387 unvested employee stock options into 70,406 Alarm.com stock options using a conversion ratio stated in the agreement to convert the original exercise price and number of options. The fair value of the unvested stock options on the acquisition date was $1.7 million calculated using a Black-Scholes model with a volatility and risk-free interest rate over the expected term of the options and the closing price of the Alarm.com common stock on the date of acquisition. We applied our graded vesting accounting policy to the fair value of these assumed options and determined $1.4 million of the fair value was attributable to pre-combination services and was included as a component of total purchase consideration. The remaining $0.3 million of the fair value was determined to be attributable to post-combination services and will be recognized over the remaining service periods of the stock options.

The table below sets forth the purchase consideration and the preliminary allocation to estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible net assets acquired (in thousands):

Goodwill of $36.7 million reflects the value of acquired workforce and synergies we expect to achieve from integrating support for Connect's security service providers and for the Connect platform. The goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. We allocated goodwill to reporting units based on expected benefit from our synergies, and have preliminarily allocated the goodwill to the Alarm.com segment.

The purchase price allocation including the identification of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the determination of the fair value of those assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the assignment of goodwill to reporting units was not finalized as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report.

Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired and Intangibles

In accordance with ASC 805, the business units acquired in the Acquisition constituted a business and the assets and liabilities were recorded at their respective fair values as of March 8, 2017. We developed our estimate of the fair value of intangible net assets using a multi-period excess earnings method for customer relationships, the relief from royalty method for the developed technology and the relief-from-royalty method for the trade name.

Customer Relationships

We recorded the customer relationships intangible separately from goodwill based on determination of the length, strength and contractual nature of the relationship that Connect shared with its customers. We valued two groups of customer relationships using the multi-period excess earnings method, an income approach. We used several assumptions in the income approach, including attrition and renewal rate, margin and discount rate. We are amortizing the first customer relationship,

valued at $92.5 million , on an attribution basis derived from the discounted cash flows of the model over an estimated useful life of twelve years and the second group of customer relationships, valued at $0.8 million , on the same basis, over an estimated useful life of four years.

Developed Technology

Developed technology primarily consists of intellectual property of proprietary software that is marketed for sale. The Connect platform is software for interactive security, automation and related solutions that was typically deployed and operated by the service provider in its own network operations center. We valued the developed technology by applying the relief from royalty method, an income approach. We used several assumptions in the relief from royalty method, which included royalty rate and discount rate. We are amortizing the Connect developed technology, valued at $4.4 million , on an attribution method based on the discounted cash flows of the model over an estimated useful life of three years. Other developed technologies, valued at $0.3 million , were also acquired.

Trade Name

We determined that there was no fair value for the Connect trade name as the largest customer for Connect had re-branded the interactive security and automation platform and marketed it under the customer's own name. We valued the other trade names acquired using a relief-from-royalty method. We used several assumptions in the income approach, including royalty and discount rates. We are amortizing the other trade names, valued at $0.2 million , on an attribution basis derived from the discounted cash flows of the model over an estimated useful life of three years.

Deferred Tax Asset

The equity interests in the subsidiaries we acquired provided for a carryover tax basis in goodwill and intangible assets that arose from a previous acquisition. We have recorded a deferred tax asset of $4.1 million that represents the excess of the carryover tax basis in those previously acquired goodwill and intangible assets over the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets we recorded on the Acquisition date.

ObjectVideo

On January 1, 2017 , in accordance with an asset purchase agreement, we acquired certain assets of ObjectVideo, Inc., or ObjectVideo, that constituted a business now called ObjectVideo Labs, LLC, or ObjectVideo Labs, including products, technology portfolio and engineering team. ObjectVideo is a pioneer in the fields of video analytics and computer vision with technology that extracts meaning and intelligence from video streams in real-time to enable object tracking, pattern recognition and activity identification. We anticipate that the ObjectVideo Labs engineering team's capabilities and expertise will accelerate our research and development of video services and video analytic applications. In addition, ObjectVideo Labs will continue to perform advanced research and engineering services for the federal government. The consideration included $6.0 million of cash paid at closing.

The table below sets forth the purchase consideration and the preliminary allocation to estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible net assets acquired (in thousands):

Goodwill of $2.7 million reflects the value of acquired workforce and expected synergies from pairing ObjectVideo Labs' video analytics capabilities with our offerings. The goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes.

The purchase price allocation including the identification of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the determination of the fair value of those assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the assignment of goodwill to reporting units was not finalized as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report.

Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired and Intangibles

In accordance with ASC 805, the assets and liabilities of ObjectVideo Labs we acquired were recorded at their respective fair values as of January 1, 2017, the date of the acquisition. We developed our estimate of the fair value of intangible assets using the replacement cost method for the developed technology.

Developed Technology

Developed technology recorded separately from goodwill consists of intellectual property such as proprietary software used internally for revenue producing activities. ObjectVideo Labs proprietary software consists of source code and video analytics testing programs used internally to provide video analytics consulting services and research and development to customers and for the SaaS Alarm.com platform. We valued the developed technology by applying the replacement cost method. We used several assumptions in this cost approach, which included analyzing costs that a company would expect to incur to recreate an asset of equivalent utility. We are amortizing the developed technology, valued at $3.4 million , on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of two  years which coincides with the rapidly developing technology of video analytics.

Unaudited Pro Forma Information

The following unaudited pro forma data is presented as if the Acquisition and ObjectVideo Labs were included in our historical consolidated statements of operations beginning January 1, 2016. These pro forma results do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if all the business combinations had taken place on January 1, 2016, nor do they represent the results that may occur in the future.

This pro forma financial information includes our historical financial statements and those of our business combinations with the following adjustments: (i) we adjusted the pro form amounts for income taxes, (ii) we applied interest expense as if the additional borrowing for the acquisitions were as of January 1, 2016, (iii) we adjusted for amortization expense assuming the fair value adjustments to intangible assets had been applied beginning January 1, 2016 and (iv) we adjusted for transaction fees incurred and reclassified them to January 1, 2016.

The pro forma adjustments were based on available information and upon assumptions that we believe are reasonable to reflect the impact of these acquisitions on our historical financial information on a supplemental pro forma basis, as follows (in thousands):

Business Combinations in Operations

The operations of each of the business combinations discussed above were included in the consolidated financial statements as of each of their respective acquisition dates. The following table presents the revenue and earnings of the business combinations in the year of acquisition as reported within the consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

For the Acquisition, we included the results of Connect's operations since its acquisition date in the Alarm.com segment and the results of Piper's operations since its acquisition date in the Other segment. We included the results of ObjectVideo Labs operations since its acquisition date in the Alarm.com segment.

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

The changes in goodwill by reportable segment are outlined below (in thousands):

On January 1, 2017 , we acquired ObjectVideo Labs and preliminarily recorded $2.7 million of goodwill in the Alarm.com segment. On March 8, 2017 , in connection with the Acquisition, we preliminarily recorded $36.7 million of goodwill in the Alarm.com segment. There were no impairments of goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

The following table reflects changes in the net carrying amount of the components of intangible assets (in thousands):

We recorded $3.5 million and $5.0 million of amortization related to our intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, as compared to $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the same periods in the prior year. There were no impairments of long-lived assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

The following tables reflect the weighted average remaining life and carrying value of finite-lived intangible assets (in thousands):

The following table reflects the future estimated amortization expense for intangible assets (in thousands):

Note 7 . Investments in Other Entities

Cost Method Investment in Connected Home Service Provider Partner

We own 20,000 Series A Convertible Preferred Membership Units and 2,667 Series B Convertible Preferred Membership Units of a Brazilian connected home solutions provider, which represents an interest of 12.4% on a fully diluted basis, and was purchased for $0.4 million . On April 15, 2015, we purchased 2,333 Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Membership Units at $23.31 per unit, for a purchase price of $0.1 million , which increased our aggregate equity interest to 12.6% on a fully diluted basis. On April 20, 2016, we purchased an additional 6,904 Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Membership Units at $20.19 per unit, for a purchase prices of $0.1 million , which increased our aggregate equity interest to 14.3% on a fully diluted basis. The entity resells our products and services to residential and commercial customers in Brazil. Based upon the level of equity investment at risk, the connected home service provider partner is a VIE. We do not control the marketing, sales, installation, or customer maintenance functions of the entity and therefore do not direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of the entity and do not consolidate its financial results into ours. We account for this investment using the cost method. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the fair value of this cost method investment was not estimated as there were no events or changes in circumstances that may have had a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The investment is included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and was $0.6 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 .

Investments in and Loans to an Installation Partner

We own 48,190 common units of an installation partner which represents an interest of 48.2% on a fully diluted basis, and was purchased for $1.0 million . The entity performs installation services for security dealers, as well as subsidiaries reported in our Other segment. Based upon the level of equity investment at risk, we determined at the time of investment that the installation partner was not a VIE. We accounted for this investment under the equity method because we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the entity. Under the equity method, we recognize our share of the earnings or losses of the installation partner in other income, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the periods they are reported by the installation partner.

In September 2014, we loaned $0.3 million to our installation partner under a secured promissory note that accrues interest at 8.0% per annum. Interest is payable monthly with the entire principal balance plus any accrued but unpaid interest due on the note's maturity date. The note was amended in September 2016 to extend its maturity date to September 2018. This event did not cause us to reconsider our conclusion that the installation partner has sufficient equity investment at risk and therefore was not a VIE. We have continued to account for the investment under the equity method. In the fourth quarter of 2015, accumulated operating losses of our installation partner exceeded its equity contributions, and we recorded 100% of its net losses, or $0.2 million , against our note receivable. In the second quarter of 2017, accumulated operating losses of our installation partner exceeded its equity contributions again, and we recorded 100% of its net losses, or $0.1 million , against the balance of the note receivable of $0.1 million . As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the note receivable balance was zero and $0.1 million and was included in other assets.

On December 11, 2015, we purchased an additional 9,290 common units of the same company for $0.2 million , which did not change our proportional share of ownership interest. This event caused us to reconsider our conclusion that the installation partner has sufficient equity investment at risk and we now consider the installation partner to be a VIE. We do not control the ability to obtain funding, the annual operating plan, marketing, sales or cash management functions of the entity and therefore, do not direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of our installation partner and do not consolidate its financial results into ours. We continue to account for the investment under the equity method. Due to the terms of the investment, the investment partner received additional equity contributions, and we returned to recording our share of its earnings or losses against our investment.

We recorded our share of the installation partner's earnings and losses in other income, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recorded losses of $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , as compared to losses of less than $0.1 million for the same periods in the prior year. Our $1.2 million investment, net of equity losses, was included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and was zero as of June 30, 2017 and less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2016 .

Investments in and Loans to a Platform Partner

We have invested in the form of loans and equity investment in a platform partner which produces connected devices to provide it with the capital required to bring its devices to market and integrate them onto our connected home platform.

In 2013, we paid $3.5 million in cash to purchase 3,548,820 shares of our platform partner's Series A convertible preferred shares, or an 18.7% interest on as-converted and fully diluted basis. The terms of our investment in the convertible preferred shares included a freestanding option to make an additional investment in the platform partner, or the 2013 Option. The investment in Series A convertible preferred shares was recorded at its initial fair value of $3.5 million and was accounted for as a cost method investment. We also loaned the same platform partner $2.0 million in the form of a secured convertible note, or the 2013 Note. The 2013 Note converted automatically into equity at a 12.5% discount from the price per share at which new shares of capital stock are issued by the platform partner in a qualified financing, or the Automatic Conversion Feature. We recorded the 2013 Option at its initial fair value of $0.2 million . The 2013 Option did not meet the definition of a derivative as it was private company stock that was not readily convertible into cash and therefore, was not measured at fair value at each reporting period. The 2013 Note was accounted for as an available for sale security and was recorded at fair value in marketable securities at an initial fair value of $1.9 million . The Automatic Conversion Feature was an embedded derivative that required bifurcation from the 2013 Note. It was recorded at its initial fair value of $0.1 million in other assets as a marketable security and was remeasured at fair value each reporting period with changes recorded in other income, net .

In 2014, we entered into a Series 1 Preferred Stock purchase agreement with the platform partner and another investor. The other investor invested cash to purchase shares of the platform partner's Series 1 Preferred Stock. As a result of the purchase, our 3,548,820 shares of Series A convertible preferred shares converted into 3,548,820 shares of common stock, and we hold an 8.6% interest in the platform partner on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. In conjunction with the transaction, we received a $2.5 million dividend that we recorded as a return of investment as it was in excess of the accumulated earnings and profits of the investee since the date of the investment. Additionally, the platform partner repaid the $2.0 million 2013 Note and accrued interest of $0.2 million and as a result, the Automatic Conversion Feature expired. As a result of the transaction, we recorded $0.1 million realized gain on the 2013 Note, our 2013 Option and Automatic Conversion Feature expired and we recognized $0.3 million of impairment losses in other income, net in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Based upon the level of equity investment at risk, the platform partner is a VIE. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of the platform partner VIE. We do not control the product design, software development, manufacturing, marketing, or sales functions of the platform partner and therefore, we do not direct the activities of the platform partner that most significantly impact its economic performance. We account for this investment under the cost method. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the fair value of this cost method investment was not estimated as there were no events or changes in circumstances that may have had a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , our $1.0 million cost method investment in the platform partner was recorded in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 8. Other Assets

Patent Licenses

From time to time, we enter into agreements to license patents. The carrying value, net of amortization, was $2.8 million and $3.2 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and was included in other assets. We have $4.9 million of historical cost in patent licenses related to such agreements. We are amortizing the patent licenses over the estimated useful lives of the patents, which range from three to eleven years. Amortization expense on patent licenses was $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, as compared to $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the same periods in the prior year and was included in cost of SaaS and license revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Loan to a Distribution Partner

In September 2016, we entered into dealer and loan agreements with a distribution partner. The dealer agreement enables the distribution partner to resell our SaaS services and hardware to their subscribers. Under the loan agreements, we agreed to loan the distribution partner up to $4.0 million , collateralized by all assets owned by the distribution partner. The advance period for the loan begins each year in October and ends during the following January. Interest on the outstanding principal accrues at a rate per annum equal to the greater of 6% or the LIBOR rate plus 4% , as determined on the first date of each annual advance period. The repayment of principal and accrued interest is due in three installments beginning in July and ending in August following the advance period. The term date of the loan is August 31, 2019, however, the borrower has the option to extend the term of the loan for two successive terms of one year each.

The loan receivable balance, which is recorded in other current assets, was $3.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and increased to $4.0 million as of June 30, 2017 as the borrower drew an additional $1.0 million during the first quarter of 2017. Interest accrues on the loan receivable at 6% per annum as calculated at the beginning of the advance period.

Subsequent to June 30, 2017 , our distribution partner repaid $2.8 million of principal and interest related to this loan receivable in accordance with the provisions of the loan.

In April 2017, we entered into a subordinated credit agreement with an affiliated entity of the distribution partner and loaned the affiliated entity $3.0 million , with a maturity date of November 21, 2022 . Interest on the outstanding principal balance accrues at a rate of 8.5% per annum and requires monthly interest payments. The $3.0 million loan receivable balance was included in other assets as of June 30, 2017 .

Note 9 . Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Level 3 liabilities for subsidiary unit awards and contingent consideration liability from acquisition (in thousands):

The money market account is included in our cash and cash equivalents in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our money market assets are valued using quoted prices in active markets.

The liability for the subsidiary unit awards relates to agreements established with two employees of our subsidiaries for cash awards contingent upon the subsidiary companies meeting certain financial milestones such as revenue, working capital, EBITDA and EBITDA margin. We account for these subsidiary awards using fair value and establish liabilities for the future payment for the repurchase of subsidiary units under the terms of the agreements based on estimating revenue, working capital, EBITDA and EBITDA margin of the subsidiary units over the periods of the two awards through the anticipated repurchase dates. We estimated the fair value of each liability by using a Monte Carlo simulation model for determining each of the projected measures by using an expected distribution of potential outcomes. The fair value of each liability is calculated with thousands of projected outcomes, the results of which are averaged and then discounted to estimate the present value. At each reporting date until the respective payment dates, we will remeasure these liabilities, using the same valuation approach based on the applicable subsidiary's revenue, an unobservable input, and we will record any changes in the employee's compensation expense. One of the awards is subject to the employee's continued employment and therefore recorded on a straight-line basis over the remaining service period. The liability balances are included in either accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities or other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 11 ).

The amount of contingent consideration liability to be paid, up to a maximum of $2.0 million , from our acquisition of SecurityTrax in the first quarter of 2015, will be determined based on revenue and adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2017. We estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration liability by using a Monte Carlo simulation model for determining projected revenue by using an expected distribution of potential outcomes. The fair value of contingent consideration liability is calculated with thousands of projected revenue outcomes, the results of which are averaged and then discounted to estimate the present value. At each reporting date until payment in first quarter of 2018, we will remeasure the contingent consideration liability, using the same valuation approach based on our subsidiary's revenue, an unobservable input, and we will record any changes in general and administrative expense. The contingent consideration liability balance is included in our other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 5 ).

We monitor the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . We also monitor the value of the investments for other than temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. No other-than-temporary impairments occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

Note 10. Liabilities

The components of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

The components of other liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

Note 11 . Debt, Commitments and Contingencies

The debt, commitments and contingencies described below would require us, or our subsidiaries, to make payments to third parties under certain circumstances.

Debt

We have a $75.0 million revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders that matures in November 2018, or the 2014 Facility. We have the option to increase the borrowing capacity of the 2014 Facility to $125.0 million with the consent of the lenders. The 2014 Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property.

The outstanding principal balance on the 2014 Facility accrues interest at a rate equal to either (1) the Eurodollar Base Rate, or LIBOR, plus an applicable margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio, or (2) the higher of (a) the Wall Street Journal prime rate, and (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50% plus an applicable margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio, at our option. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , we elected for the outstanding principal balance to accrue interest at LIBOR plus 2.00% , LIBOR plus 2.25% , and LIBOR plus 2.50% when our consolidated leverage ratio was less than 1.00 : 1.00 , greater than or equal to 1.00 : 1.00 but less than 2.00 : 1.00 , and greater than or equal to 2.00 : 1.00 , respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , the effective interest rate on the 2014 Facility was 3.34% and 2.64% .

On March 7, 2017, we drew $67.0 million under the 2014 Facility to partially fund the Acquisition. On June 28. 2017, we repaid $1.0 million of the outstanding balance of the 2014 Facility. The carrying value of the 2014 Facility was $72.7 million and $6.7 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . Our outstanding amounts under the 2014 Facility are due at maturity in November 2018.

The 2014 Facility includes a variable interest rate that approximates market rates and, as such, we determined that the carrying amount of the 2014 Facility approximates its fair value as of June 30, 2017 . The 2014 Facility carries an unused line commitment fee of 0.20% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The 2014 Facility contains various financial and other covenants that require us to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio not to exceed 3.00 : 1.00 and a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 : 1.00 . As of June 30, 2017 , we were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants and there were no events of default.

Commitments and Contingencies

Repurchase of Subsidiary Units

In 2012, we formed a subsidiary to develop and market home and commercial energy management devices and services. We granted an award of subsidiary stock to the founder and president. The terms of the award for the founder, who is also our employee, require a payment in cash on either the third or the fourth anniversary from the date the subsidiary first makes its products and services commercially available, which was determined to be April 1, 2014. The vesting of the award is based on the subsidiary meeting certain minimum financial targets. We did no t record a liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , as the fair value of this commitment was zero .

In 2011, we formed a subsidiary that offers to professional residential property management and vacation rental management companies technology solutions for remote monitoring and control of properties, including access control and energy management. Since its formation, we granted an award of subsidiary stock to the founder and president. The vesting of the award is based upon the subsidiary meeting certain minimum financial targets from the date of commercial availability, which was determined to be June 1, 2013, until the fourth anniversary. In 2016, we amended the term of the award, extending the valuation date for the payment in cash to December 31, 2017, amending the financial targets and allowing for payments in cash from 2018 through 2020 based on collection of financed customer receivables that existed as of the valuation date. We recorded a liability of $2.6 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.3 million in other liabilities related to this commitment in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017 . We recorded a liability of $2.5 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a liability of $0.3 million in other liabilities related to this commitment in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 .

At each reporting date until the respective payment dates, we will remeasure these liabilities, and we will record any changes in fair value in general and administrative expense (see Note 9 ).

Leases

We lease office space and office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2026. In August 2014, we signed a lease for new office space in Tysons, Virginia, where we relocated our headquarters in February 2016. This lease term ends in 2026 and includes a five -year renewal option, an $8.0 million tenant improvement allowance and scheduled rent increases. During 2016, we entered into amendments to this lease, which provided for 30,662 square feet of additional office space and an additional $1.7 million tenant improvement allowance. We took possession of the additional space in February 2017 and we were allowed to utilize the tenant improvement allowance for design prior to moving into the space.

As of June 30, 2017 , we have utilized the entire $9.7 million tenant improvement allowances. Rent expense was $1.6 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , as compared to $1.2 million and $2.5 million for the same periods in the prior year.

Indemnification Agreements

We have various agreements that may obligate us to indemnify the other party to the agreement with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification provisions are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business. Although we cannot predict the maximum potential amount of future payments that may become due under these indemnification agreements, we do not believe any potential liability that might arise from such indemnity provisions is probable or material.

Letters of Credit

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , we had no outstanding letters of credit under our 2014 Facility.

Legal Proceedings

On April 25, 2017, Alarm.com Incorporated and its wholly owned subsidiary ICN Acquisition, LLC, filed a patent infringement complaint against Protect America, Inc., or Protect America, and SecureNet Technologies, LLC, or SecureNet, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The complaint seeks injunctive relief to stop the further sale of the infringing Protect America and SecureNet products and systems, and damages for the infringement of Alarm.com's patents. The complaint asserts that the technology in the Protect America and SecureNet Alarm Systems products infringe one or more claims of Alarm.com's patents: United States Patent Numbers 7,113,090; 7,633,385; 8,395,494; 8,493,202; 8,612,591; 8,860,804; and 9,141,276. If the litigation is successful, Alarm.com will be entitled to receive monetary damages, injunctive relief, and any other relief, including attorney's fees, from Protect America and SecureNet. In June 2017, Alarm.com filed an amended complaint against Protect America only and voluntarily dismissed SecureNet from the suit, reserving the right to refile. Protect America

responded to the amended complaint by filing a motion to dismiss or transfer the case to the Western District of Texas. Alarm.com opposed this motion. The Court has not yet issued a scheduling order. Protect America has not yet answered the complaint or asserted counterclaims and defenses.

On June 2, 2015, Vivint, Inc., or Vivint, filed a lawsuit against us in U.S. District Court, District of Utah, alleging that our technology directly and indirectly infringes six patents that Vivint purchased. Vivint is seeking permanent injunctions, enhanced damages and attorney's fees. We answered the complaint on July 23, 2015. Among other things, we asserted defenses based on non-infringement and invalidity of the patents in question. On August 19, 2016, the U.S. District Court, District of Utah stayed the litigation pending inter partes review (IPR) by the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of five of the patents in suit.  In March of 2017, the PTAB issued final written decisions relating to two patents finding all challenged claims unpatentable. In May of 2017, the PTAB issued final written decisions relating to the remaining patents that found certain claims unpatentable, while certain other claims were not found to be unpatentable. Vivint has appealed the decisions to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and we have cross-appealed. The U.S. District Court, District of Utah lifted the stay on the litigation on June 26, 2017, and Vivint is proceeding with its case on four of the six patents in its complaint. A trial date has not yet been scheduled.

Should Vivint prevail on its claims that one or more elements of our solution infringe one or more of its patents, we could be required to pay damages of Vivint's lost profits and/or a reasonable royalty for sales of our solution, enjoined from making, using and selling our solution if a license or other right to continue selling such elements is not made available to us or we are unable to design around such patents, and required to pay ongoing royalties and comply with unfavorable terms if such a license is made available to us. The outcome of the legal claim and proceeding against us cannot be predicted with certainty. We believe we have valid defenses to Vivint's claims. Based on currently available information, we determined a loss is not probable or reasonably estimable at this time.

On December 30, 2015, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against us in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA. The complaint does not allege that Alarm.com itself violated the TCPA, but instead seeks to hold us responsible for the marketing activities of our service provider partners under principles of agency and vicarious liability. The complaint seeks monetary damages under the TCPA, injunctive relief, and other relief, including attorney's fees. We answered the complaint on February 26, 2016. On May 5, 2017, the court granted plaintiffs' motion for class certification. Discovery is underway, and the matter remains pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Based on the current schedule, we anticipate a trial will take place at the end of 2018. Based on currently available information, we determined a loss is not probable or reasonably estimable at this time.

On February 9, 2016, we were sued along with one of our service provider partners in the Circuit Court for the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia by the estate of a deceased service provider partner customer alleging wrongful death, among other claims. The suit seeks a total of $7 million in compensatory damages and $350,000 in punitive damages. We filed our answer on March 22, 2016. Discovery has commenced, and the matter remains pending. Based on currently available information, we determined a loss is not probable or reasonably estimable at this time.

On February 22, 2017, Honeywell International Inc., or Honeywell, filed an action in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against us and Icontrol Networks, Inc., or Icontrol, seeking to enjoin the completion of our acquisition of two business units from Icontrol. On March 3, 2017, we settled the litigation effective upon the closing of the acquisition of the business units from Icontrol, which occurred on March 8, 2017 .

On March 21, 2017, Taraneh Vessal filed a complaint against us and Monitronics International, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, alleging violation of the TCPA and the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act, or ICFDBA. We filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on May 12, 2017. Plaintiff filed her First Amended Complaint on June 2, 2017, alleging similar violations of the TCPA and ICFDBA. We filed a motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint on June 16, 2017, and Plaintiff filed her response on July 31, 2017. Our reply is due August 21, 2017. Discovery has commenced, and the matter remains pending. Based on currently available information, we determined a loss is not probable or reasonably estimable at this time.

In September 2014, Icontrol Networks, Inc., or Icontrol, filed a Complaint in the United States District Court, District of Delaware, asserting that Zonoff Inc., or Zonoff, infringes certain U.S. Patents owned by Icontrol, all of which are now owned by Alarm.com through a subsidiary. In November, 2015, Icontrol filed a second lawsuit, also in the United States District Court, District of Delaware, alleging that Zonoff infringes additional U.S. Patents owned by Icontrol, now owned by Alarm.com through a subsidiary. The Court held a claim construction hearing in the first case on March 14, 2016 and consolidated the cases on August 1, 2016. Zonoff has not filed any proceedings at the United States Patent Office, or asserted any counterclaims. Because Zonoff has ceased business operations, Court has declined to enter a schedule for the remainder of the case.

In September 2014, Icontrol filed a Complaint in the United States District Court, District of Delaware, asserting that SecureNet Technologies LLC, or SecureNet, infringes certain U.S. Patents owned by Icontrol, patents now owned by Alarm.com through a subsidiary. In March, 2015, Icontrol voluntarily agreed to dismiss the case, reserving the right to refile. In September, 2015, Icontrol refiled the case against SecureNet in the same district court alleging infringement of some of the same

patents. SecureNet filed petitions for inter partes review of the patents-in-suit before the PTAB. Proceedings as to one of the patents in suit has been instituted. The PTAB has rejected the remaining applications for inter partes review, and SecureNet has appealed the rejection as to one of the patents in suit. The Court has scheduled a claim construction hearing for March 20, 2018 and commencement of trial on February 4, 2019.

From time to time, we may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Other than the preceding matters, we are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in the opinion of management, is reasonably possible or probable of having a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We reserve for contingent liabilities based on ASC 450, " Contingencies ," when it is determined that a liability, inclusive of defense costs, is probable and reasonably estimable. Litigation is subject to many factors that are difficult to predict, so there can be no assurance that, in the event of a material unfavorable result in one or more claims, we will not incur material costs.

Note 12. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the following line items in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the components of non-cash stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):

2015 Equity Incentive Plan

We issue stock options pursuant to our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan allows for the grant of incentive stock options to employees and for the grant of nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, or RSUs, performance-based stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation to our employees, directors and non-employee directors and consultants.

In June 2015, our board of directors adopted and our stockholders approved our 2015 Plan pursuant to which we initially reserved a total of 4,700,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2015 Plan, which included shares of our common stock previously reserved for issuance under our Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2009 Plan. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 st each year, for a period of not more than ten years, commencing on January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2024, by 5% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31 st of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares as may be determined by our board of directors. As a result of the adoption of the 2015 Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2009 Plan. As of June 30, 2017 , 8,141,878 shares remained available for future grant under the 2015 Plan.

Stock Options

Stock options under the 2015 Plan have been granted at exercise prices based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Stock options under the 2009 Plan were granted at exercise prices as determined by our board of directors to be the fair market value of our common stock. Our stock options generally vest over a five -year period and each option, if not exercised or forfeited, expires on the ten th anniversary of the grant date.

Certain stock options granted under the 2015 Plan and previously granted under the 2009 Plan may be exercised before the options have vested. Unvested shares issued as a result of early exercise are subject to repurchase by us upon termination of employment or services at the original exercise price. The proceeds from the early exercise of stock options are initially recorded as a current liability and are reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital as the awards vest and our repurchase right lapses. There were 21,317 and 29,835 unvested shares of common stock outstanding subject to our right of repurchase as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . We repurchased 575 unvested shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options in connection with employee terminations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , as compared to 1,924 unvested shares repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , we recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for the proceeds from the early exercise of the unvested stock options.

We account for stock-based compensation awards based on the fair value of the award as of the grant date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of actual forfeitures, in which compensation cost for each vesting tranche in an award is recognized ratably from the service inception date to the vesting date for that tranche.

We value our stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected stock price volatility and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the expected term of our stock options. The expected term represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the "simplified method." Under the "simplified method," the expected term of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. We use the "simplified method" due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected term of the stock options. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected term of the stock options.

There were 237,550 and 576,300 stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . We declared and paid dividends in June 2015 in anticipation of our IPO, which we closed on July 1, 2015. We do not expect to declare or pay dividends on a recurring basis. As such, we assume that the dividend rate is zero .

The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted :

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :

The weighted average grant date fair value for our stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $14.54 and $8.08 . The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.9 million and $1.2 million . The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $15.5 million and $1.5 million . As of June 30, 2017 , the total compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized was $5.9 million , which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.

Stock Options Assumed from Acquisition

On March 8, 2017, we completed the Acquisition and assumed the Icontrol Networks, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the Icontrol Networks, Inc. 2003 Stock Plan, or collectively, the Icontrol Plans. The assumed unvested stock options are exercisable for 70,406 shares of Alarm.com common stock.

In accordance with the terms of the asset purchase agreement, we were obligated to assume the Icontrol Plans, and converted the 2,001,387 unvested employee stock options into 70,406 Alarm.com stock options using a stated conversion ratio to convert the original exercise price and number of options. The fair value of the unvested stock options on the acquisition date was $1.7 million calculated using a Black-Scholes model with a volatility and risk-free interest rate over the expected term of the options and the closing price of Alarm.com common stock on the date of acquisition. We applied our graded vesting accounting policy to the fair value of these assumed options and determined that $1.4 million of the fair value was attributed to pre-combination services that is included as a component of total purchase consideration. The remaining $0.3 million of the fair value was determined to be attributable to post-combination services and will be recognized over the remaining service periods of the stock options. We subsequently filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 to cover the assumed unvested stock options under the Icontrol Plans, which are exercisable for an aggregate of 70,406 shares of Alarm.com common stock.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options assumed from the Connect business unit of Icontrol:

The following table summarizes assumed stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :

The weighted average grant date fair value for the assumed stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $4.78 . The total fair value of assumed stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.1 million . The aggregate intrinsic value of the assumed stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.1 million . As of June 30, 2017 , the total compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized was $0.2 million , which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

Restricted Stock Units

There was an aggregate of 327,200 and zero restricted stock units, or RSUs, granted to certain of our employees during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . Each of the RSUs vests over a five -year period from the vesting commencement date, which is generally the grant date. We account for RSUs based on the fair value of the award as of the grant date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of actual forfeitures, in which compensation cost for each vesting tranche in an award is recognized ratably from the grant date to the vesting date for that tranche. The condition for vesting of the RSUs is based on continued employment. As of June 30, 2017 , the total unrecognized compensation expense related to RSU awards granted amounted to $10.6 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.2  years.

The following table summarizes activity for the RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :

Restricted Stock Awards

In March 2017, we assumed 1,622 stock options from Connect upon completion of the Acquisition which had been early exercised according to the provisions of the Icontrol Plans for which the employees had not yet provided service for the vesting period. We canceled those stock options and issued restricted stock awards, or RSAs, with no exercise price at the fair value of Alarm.com common stock upon the closing of the Acquisition and recorded less than $0.1 million of compensation expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 . We expect these RSAs to vest over two years and we will recognize compensation expense for the fair value of the awards in stock-based compensation.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our board of directors adopted our 2015 ESPP in June 2015. As of June 30, 2017 , 1,616,342 shares have been reserved for future grant under the 2015 ESPP, with provisions established to increase the number of shares available on January 1 st of each subsequent year for nine years. The annual automatic increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the

2015 ESPP is the lesser of 1% of each class of common stock outstanding as of December 31 st of the preceding fiscal year, 1,500,000 shares of common stock, or such lesser number as determined by the board of directors. The 2015 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock at 90% of the fair market value, rounded up to the nearest cent, based on the closing price of our common stock on the purchase date. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that a participant may purchase during any calendar year shall not exceed such number of shares having a fair market value equal to the lesser of $15,000 or 10% of the participant's base compensation for that year.

The 2015 ESPP is considered compensatory for purposes of stock-based compensation expense due to the 10% discount on the fair market value of our common stock. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , an aggregate of 13,584 shares and 18,705 shares were purchased by our employees. We recognized less than $0.1 million of compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . Compensation expense is recognized for the amount of the discount, net of actual forfeitures and voluntary withdrawals, over the six-month purchase period.

Repurchase of Subsidiary Units

We have an agreement, as subsequently amended, with an employee, who is the founder and president of our subsidiary formed to offer professional residential property management and vacation rental management companies technology solutions for remote monitoring and control of properties, for the repurchase of subsidiary stock for cash. The vesting of the award is based upon the subsidiary meeting certain minimum financial targets from the date of commercial availability, which was determined to be June 1, 2013, until the fourth anniversary. In 2016, we amended the term of the award, extending the valuation date for the payment in cash to December 31, 2017, amending the financial targets and allowing for payments in cash from 2018 through 2020 based on collection of financed customer receivables that existed as of the valuation date. We established a liability for the future payment for the repurchase of subsidiary units under the terms of the agreement based on estimating revenue, working capital, EBITDA and EBITDA margin of the subsidiary units over the period of the award through the repurchase date. We estimated the fair value of the liability by using a Monte Carlo simulation model for determining each of the projected measures by using an expected distribution of potential outcomes. The fair value of the liability is calculated with thousands of projected outcomes, the results of which are averaged and then discounted to estimate the present value. At each reporting date until the respective payment dates, we remeasure this liability, using the same valuation approach and record any changes in the employee's compensation expense in general and administrative expense.

We recorded a liability of $2.6 million and $2.5 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities , and $0.3 million and $0.3 million in other liabilities related to this commitment in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 , we recorded a reduction of compensation expense of $0.1 million . For the three months ended June 30, 2016 , we recorded $0.2 million of compensation expense related to this award. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , we recorded $0.1 million and $0.3 million of compensation expense related to this award in general and administrative expense. As this award is payable in cash, the expense was not recorded in stock-based compensation for any of the periods.

Warrants

On March 30, 2015, we issued performance-based warrants to two employees, which give these individuals the right to purchase up to 54,694 shares of our common stock in the aggregate if certain performance targets are achieved. The performance-based warrants, each for 27,347 shares of our common stock, have an exercise price of $10.97 per share and we may elect to terminate the warrants in exchange for a one-time cash settlement in the event we have a change in control. If the warrants become exercisable, the number of shares that become exercisable, which cannot exceed 27,347  shares for each warrant, is based upon the achievement of certain minimum annual revenue targets. These warrants will expire upon the earlier of March 2025 or the date upon which the holder of the warrant is no longer our employee or an employee of an affiliate of ours. We believe that the achievement of the minimum annual revenue targets is probable, and we began recognizing expense related to these performance-based warrants as of April 1, 2015. These warrants were no t exercisable as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 because the performance requirements had not been met. We recorded less than $0.1 million of expense associated with the performance-based warrants during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

Note 13. Earnings Per Share

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The components of basic and diluted earnings per share, or EPS, are as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):